Silla - Knowledge

4476: 3814: 4406: 4263: 4933:三國史記 1-1 脫解(Talhae) 尼師今 : 九年春三月王夜聞金城西始林樹間有鷄鳴聲遲明遣瓠公視之有金色小櫝掛樹枝白雞鳴於其下瓠公還告王使人取櫝開之有小男兒在其中姿容奇偉上喜謂左右曰此豈非天遺我以令胤乎乃收養之及長聰明多智略乃名閼智以其出於金櫝姓金氏改始林名雞林因以爲國號 In the spring of nine years, in March, the king heard a rooster crow in the forest of Sirim (始林) west of capital at night. sent Hogong to take a look, and a small golden chestnut was hanging on a branch, and a white rooster was crying underneath it. brought a box and opened it, and there was a small boy in it, and his figure and appearance were strange and big. The king was delighted and said "Heaven has given me a precious son" and raised. As he grew up, he was intelligent and resourceful. The family name was Kim (金) because it came from cashbox (金櫃), and the name was changed to Gyerim (鷄林) and it was named after changing the name of Sirim (始林). 3709:, 진골, 眞骨). Up until the reign of King Muyeol this aristocracy had been divided into "sacred bone" and "true bone" aristocrats, with the former differentiated by their eligibility to attain the kingship. This duality had ended when Queen Jindeok, the last ruler from the "sacred bone" class, died in 654. The numbers of "sacred bone" aristocrats had been decreasing for generations, as the title was only conferred to those whose parents were both "sacred bones", whereas children of a "sacred" and a "true bone" parent were considered as "true bones". There were also many ways for a "sacred bone" to be demoted to a "true bone", thus making the entire system even more likely to collapse eventually. 3091: 4370: 4462: 4434: 3870: 4382: 4394: 4180: 619: 5120: 3007:, who was the local leader at the time. King Suro instead resolved the territorial issue and ruled in favor of Eumjipbeol. However, King Suro sent an assassin to kill the head of the six Silla divisions, who hid in the Eumjipbeol while the assassin was escaping, and King Tachugan (陀鄒干) protected the assassin. In response, Pasa of Silla invaded Eumjipbeol in 102 and Tachugan surrendered, and the Siljikgok and Apdok, which were frightened by Silla, also surrendered. Six years later, it entered the inland area and attacked and merged 186: 5130: 605: 4446: 2984:(里), northeast of Japan (?). Following the will of Namhae of Silla, he became the fourth king of Silla. One day, he found a low peak next to Mt. Toham (吐含山) and packed it with his own house, and he buried charcoal next to the house of a Japonic official named Hogong (瓠公), who lived there, and deceived him that his ancestors were blacksmiths, but the Hogong family took their home. Hogong was tricked into handing over his house and property to the Seoktalhae. During this period, 827: 3841:. Each Legions were known for their representative colors marked on their collars and were constituted by different groups. The Golden, Red, and Dark Blue Legion employed Goguryeoans while the Blue and White Legion accepted Baekje folks into their ranks. The Bigeum (also Red in color), Green, and Purple Legion were formed by Sillan people whilst the Black Legion took dispersed Mohe refugees into their fold that came along with Goguryeo refugees after the 3026:, the prince of Aragaya asked Silla for a rescue army, and the king ordered Crown Prince Seok Uro to gather his troops and attack the eight kingdoms. Crown Prince SeokUro saved Aragaya and rescued 6,000 of the pro-Silla Gaya people who had been captured and returned to their homeland. Three years later, three among the eight countries (浦上八國), Golpo-guk, Chilpo-guk, and Gosapo-guk, will launch counterattacks against Silla. A battle took place in 50: 1698: 3434:, the architect of Silla's unification of the peninsula. Hyegong's demise was a bloody one, the culmination of an extended civil war involving most of the kingdom's high–ranking noble families. With Hyegong's death, during the remaining years of Silla, the king was reduced to little more than a figurehead as powerful aristocratic families became increasingly independent of central control. 4418: 4475: 4288:

Iran began more than 1,500 years ago. "In a history book written by the Persian scholar Khurdadbid, it states that Silla is located at the eastern end of China and reads 'In this beautiful country Silla, there is much gold, majestic cities and hardworking people. Their culture is comparable with Persia'.

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were built across the nation. Buddhist ideals and practices permeated the people's daily lives regardless of class and the court, as well as the government, actively promoted Buddhism as a symbol of patriotism in times of invasions. The main assessment is that relics and temple ruins related to Silla

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nobility. This was made possible by the new wealth and prestige garnered as a result of Silla's unification of the peninsula, as well as the monarchy's successful suppression of several armed aristocratic revolts following early upon unification, which afforded the king the opportunity of purging the

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The ruler also performed the national ceremonies to support the nation in upcoming times together with his sister serving as a high ranking shamaness figure only second to the ruler himself. Silla's unique exceptionalist nationalism focused on the struggle for survival against the much more powerful

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The ancient indigenous native religion of Korea presented one of the most important aspects in early Korean society and involved the very lives of its people as well of its culture. One of the key features is the belief in the spirits of nature, that inhabit all the things in existence. Its presence

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Silla is also known for its maritime prowess shown by the navy backed with master shipbuilding and seamanship. The boats employed were usually called 'Shillaseon(신라선)', which had an international reputation for its solid durability and effective capabilities that were said to 'enable men surf across

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Silla is known to have operated crossbows called the Cheonbono (천보노) that was said to have had a range of one thousand steps and a special pike unit called the Jangchang-Dang (장창당) to counter enemy cavalry. In particular, Silla's crossbows were prized by Tang China due to its excellent functions and

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It was only during the Goryeo dynasty during Hyeonjeong's reign when trade with Persia was officially recorded in Korean history. But in academic circles, it is presumed that both countries had active cultural exchanges during the 7th century Silla era which means the relationship between Korea and

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origin in the Korean peninsula and joined the Xiongnu confederation. Later the tribe's ruling family returned to Korea from Liaodong peninsula where they thrive, and after coming back to the peninsula they got married into the royal family of Silla. There are also some Korean researchers that point

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in 552 CE. Buddhism was introduced much more reluctantly compared to the two others to Silla in 528. Silla had been exposed to the religion for over a century during which the faith had certainly made inroads into the native populace and mixed with the native Shamanist and Animist folk religion to

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era, more than 1600 years ago by the way of the Silk Road. A dark blue glass was found in the Cheonmachong Tomb, one of Silla's royal tombs unearthed in Gyeongju. An exotic golden sword was found in Gyerim-ro, a street also located in Gyeongju. These are all relics that are presumed to be sent to

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Following unification Silla began to rely more upon Chinese models of bureaucracy to administer its greatly expanded territory. This was a marked change from pre-unification days when the Silla monarchy stressed Buddhism, and the Silla monarch's role as a "Buddha-king". Another salient factor in

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The ethnic religion of Silla was a key element within the Silla state and constituted the State religion around which many of the national rites, festivals and ceremonies revolved around. The ruler of Silla was simultaneously its religious head and one of the most revered figures in the nation,

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most powerful families and rivals to central authority. Further, for a brief period of about a century from the late 7th to late 8th centuries the monarchy made an attempt to divest aristocratic officialdom of their landed base by instituting a system of salary payments, or office land (

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By the late 8th century, however, these royal initiatives had failed to check the power of the entrenched aristocracy. The mid to late 8th century saw renewed revolts led by branches of the Kim clan which effectively limited royal authority. Most prominent of these was a revolt led by

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were submitted for UNESCO heritages in 2008 or later by related cities and the South Korean government. Since the tombs were harder to break into than those of Baekje, a larger number of objects has been preserved. Notable amongst these are Silla's elaborate gold crowns and jewelry.

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When Silla adopted Buddhism, the previous ethnic religion was syncretized with the new faith and largely became synonymous to it. Buddhist deities are often treated the same way deities from the native religion are. Buddhism subsequently also found its way into native folk beliefs.

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found today were ahead of their time and surpassed those of Goryeo and Joseon in terms of size and extravagancy. Many Sillan monks who were part of the elite caste chose to expand their experience and knowledge by studying abroad in Tang China or travelling far west to India.

4320:. Many Roman relics were excavated from the royal tombs of Silla, and it is presumed that Roman glass was a particularly popular luxury product among the high-ranking class. The Silla tombs where Roman glass has been proven to have been excavated include Geumnyeong Tomb, 3452:

The final century and a half of the Silla state was one of nearly constant upheaval and civil war as the king was reduced to little more than a figurehead and powerful aristocratic families rose to actual dominance outside the capital and royal court.

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had its origin in Silla's native religion as well, where the youth would strive to fight for their country and monarch. They would embark on nationalistic pilgrimages to seek out the spirits, who would grant them powers to vanquish their enemies. The

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said during a festival celebrating Iran and Korea's 1,500 years of shared cultural ties, "The Kushnameh, that tells of a Persian prince who went to Silla in the seventh century and got married with a Korean princess, thus forming a royal marriage.”

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first attested as Late Old Korean 黑根 *hùkú-n. Both carry the meaning of "great, leader", which was previously used by the princes of southern Korea, and is sometimes also speculated to have an external relationship with the Mongolic/Turkic title of

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for nearly a decade to expel Chinese forces on the peninsula intent on creating Tang colonies there to finally establish a unified kingdom as far north as modern Pyongyang. The northern region of the defunct Goguryeo state later reemerged as

2829:. Hyeokgeose is said to have been hatched from an egg laid from a white horse, and when he turned 13, six clans submitted to him as king and established the kingdom of "Saro (pronounced at the time)" which later became the kingdom of Silla. 4296:

culture was profoundly felt in other ways as well, most notably in the fields of music, visual arts, and literature. The popularity of Iranian designs in Korea can be seen in the widespread use of pearl-studded roundels and symmetrical,

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that persisted for three years. One key evidence of the erosion of kingly authority was the rescinding of the office land system and the re-institution of the former tax village system as salary land for aristocratic officialdom in 757.

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through the Silk Road. Other items uncovered during the excavation include a silver bowl engraved with an image of the Persian goddess Anahita; a golden dagger from Persia; clay busts; and figurines portraying Middle Eastern merchants.

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scattered upon six villages across the eastern shores and mountain ridges; the Alcheon-yangsan, Dolsan-goheo, Jasan-Jinji, Musan-Daesu, Geumsan-gari, and the Myeonghwalsan-Goya. These villages have come to become the Six Tribes of

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The early Silla military was built around a small number of Silla royal guards designed to protect royalty and nobility and in times of war served as the primary military force if needed. Due to the frequency of conflicts between

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on these figures and carvings can be witnessed in the hallmarks of a round full form, a stern expression of the face, and drapery that clings to the body, but stylistic elements of native Korean culture can still be identified.

4728:신라의 인구수를 살펴보면, 중국측 기록에 나타나는 3세기 중엽경 진한과 변한의 인구는 25만 명 정도로 추정된다. 신라의 인구수는 '삼국사기'를 보면 668년에 고구려를 정벌하는데 20만 명의 병력을 동원한 사실이 나타난다. 이 20만 명은 군역의 의무를 지닌 정남이 차지하는 비율이 '신라촌락문서'에는 21%에 해당하고 있다. 이를 감안한다면 5배를 곱한 숫자 100만이 인구였음을 추정해 볼 수 있다. 4405: 2862: Nonetheless, this hypothesis in respect to the origins of Silla royalty are not accepted in mainstream academia, but rather stand as a minor opinion. Considering the situation of the era when the Monument of 4175:

in Silla society of the late early period is difficult to exaggerate. From King Beopheung and for the following six reigns Silla kings adopted Buddhist names and came to portray themselves as Buddhist–kings.

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A significant number of Silla tombs can still be found in Gyeongju, the capital of Silla. Silla tombs consist of a stone chamber surrounded by a soil mound. The historic area around Gyeongju was added to the

3813: 3802:. The pike unit, called Changchangdang that would later be known as the Bigeum Legion (비금서당) as part of the Nine Legions (구서당) and which was consisted of Silla folks, had a special purpose to counter the 4292:— the official chronicle of the Three Kingdoms era, compiled in 1145—contains further descriptions of commercial items sold by Middle Eastern merchants and widely used in Silla society. The influence of 2857: 3018:

period (196–230), the Eight Port Kingdoms War (浦上八國亂) broke out to determine hegemony in the southern part of the peninsula. In 209, when the "eight upper countries (of the estuary)" (浦上八國) in the

3770:, they eventually transformed from a group of elite male aristocratic youth into soldiers and military leaders. Hwarang were key in the fall of Goguryeo (which resulted in the unification of the 4164:– a Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to Silla in central Korea. However, according to legend, the Silla monarchy was convinced to adopt the faith only by the martyrdom of the Silla general 5583: 3444:

Nevertheless, the middle period of Silla witnessed the state at its zenith, the brief consolidation of royal power, and the attempt to institute a Chinese style bureaucratic system.

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Until the official adoption of Hanja names for its administration, Silla was recorded using the Hundok reading of Hanja to phonetically approximate its native Korean name, including

6387: 5723: 5691: 6249: 3719:" (화백,和白) served as royal council with decision-making authorities on some vital issues like succession to the throne or declarations of war. The Hwabaek was headed by a person ( 3171:) area, and then wrested control of the entire central western Korea region from Baekje in 553, breaching the 120-year Baekje-Silla alliance. Also, King Jinheung established the 3037:. It expanded its influence over the neighboring Jinhan chiefdoms, but throughout the 3rd century was probably no more than the strongest constituent in the Jinhan confederacy. 3985:

The current descendants to the Silla dynasty fall under the Park name. Family records since the last ruler have been provided, but these records have yet to be fully verified.

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period, which lasted more than 550 years. However, even when the Kim monopolized the throne for more than 500 years, the veneration of the founder Bak Hyeokgeose continued.

2999:(80–112). As soon as he ascended the throne, he ordered officials to encourage agriculture, silkworm farming and train soldiers. There was a territorial dispute between the 5787: 2954:. It has also accepted dispersed people fleeing from the Lelang Commandery after Goguryeo's invasion, while later on incorporating native Jin people in the vicinity and 5090: 580: 566: 2570:

periods even in official documents, despite the formal name having been Hanyang or Hanseong. The name of the Silla capital changed into its Late Middle Korean form

5016: 5533: 5504: 5475: 5446: 3030:, the southeastern part of the capital, and the war ended when the Silla king came out to fight against it, and the soldiers of the three kingdoms were defeated. 6113: 5417: 3701:

Since its emergence as a centralized polity Silla society had been characterized by its strict aristocratic makeup. Silla had two royal classes: "sacred bone" (

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Japanese historians claimed that Susanoo had ruled over Silla and that the Koreans were the descendants of him, thus finding justification and legitimizing the

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In various inscriptions on archaeological founding such as personal gravestones and monuments, it is recorded that Silla royals considered themselves having

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Samguk-sagi Silla, Park Hyeokgeose Chapter 1 (三國史記新羅本記朴赫居世 1) : "…新羅始祖元年漢宣帝五鳳元年夏四月丙辰始祖朴赫居世立先是朝鮮遺民分居東海濱山谷爲六村曰閼川楊山曰突山高墟曰觜山珎支曰茂山大樹曰金山加里曰明活山高耶是爲辰韓六部…"

3853:. During the Silla-Tang War, the Silla navy under the command of general Shideuk defeated the Tang Navy 22 times out of 23 engagements in Gibeolpo, today's 5379: 4922: 3114:, Silla lost its status as a sovereign country becoming a vassal of Goguryeo. When Goguryeo began to expand its territory southward, moving its capital to 6220: 5812: 3694:

From at least the 6th century, when Silla acquired a detailed system of law and governance, social status and official advancement were dictated by the

3407:, 직전, 職田), in lieu of the former system whereby aristocratic officials were given grants of land to exploit as salary (the so–called tax villages, or 5042: 3423:

In Jinjin and Silla, the king was referred to as Gan, and during the Unified Silla Period, the title "Gan" was also used as Chungji Jagan and Agan.

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out that the grave goods of Silla and of the eastern Xiongnu are alike, and some researchers insist that the Silla king is descended from Xiongnu.

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The name of either Silla or its capital Seorabeol was widely used throughout Northeast Asia as the ethnonym for the people of Silla, appearing as

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that Susanoo once reigned over Silla and that the modern Koreans are his descendants (in turn the Japanese), ultimately using him to justify the

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due to its geographic isolation. In Korea, it was adopted as the state religion of 3 constituent polities of the Three Kingdoms Period, first by

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Springs and Mountains are some of the sources, where the spirits of life originate from, who sometimes take on the form of animals and girls.

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The national festivals of Goryeo, Palgwanhoe and Yeondeunghoe, while they were Buddhist festivals were originally native shamanistic ones.

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units. In 625 another group of Sodang was created. Garrison soldiers were responsible for local defense and also served as a police force.

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During Joseon shamans were still reached out to by the common folk, who for example often went to them to decide the names of their kids.

6417: 6241: 5609:, Vol II, P371 Silla Dynasty, Edited by Marsha E. Ackermann, Michael J. Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo Upshur, Mark F. Whitters, 3933:, developed and were recorded. Additionally, among the three kingdoms, Silla has the best preserved ancient Korean literature written in 1672: 1666: 4417: 4245:

Silla's strong Buddhist nature is also reflected by the thousands of remnant Buddhist stone figures and carvings, mostly importantly on

3271:(맏히), meaning "the firstborn, the eldest (child of a family); an elder, a senior, a person whose age is greater than someone else's age" 4433: 2252:. Silla had the lowest population of the three, approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), significantly smaller than those of 2178: 1958: 1726: 1654: 5976: 5659: 4703: 4006:

having a near deity/saint like status due to their descendance from the spirits of the skies. The title of the second ruler of Silla,

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in the forest near the Silla capital. Legend has it that the state's founder was born in the same forest, hatched from the egg of a

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Lee, Kidong. “The Indigenous Religions of Silla: Their Diversity and Durability.” Korean Studies, vol. 28, 2004, pp. 49–74. JSTOR,

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By the time of the 7th century, Buddhism in Korea reached its golden age with the advent of prominent, elite scholar-monks such as

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was created, it is presumed to be propaganda created for friendship with China and northerners and the legitimacy of the dynasty.

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Man'yōshū (Book 15): A New Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary

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Shamanism remained important well into the Goryeo period, with a nativist uprising nominally led by a Buddhist court monk named

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The king (or queen) theoretically was an absolute monarch, but royal powers were somewhat constrained by a strong aristocracy.

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Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 2014, Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, pp. 44–49, 52–60.

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is seen in Korean culture itself and could be considered inseparable from it, from cultural and national festivals such as

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Japan, Silla created six local garrisons one for each district. The royal guards eventually morphed into "sworn banner" or

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https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/mobile/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002937650

5525: 5496: 5467: 5438: 4067: 3060:, founded around 50 CE, destroyed the last Chinese commandery in 313 CE and had grown into the largest regional power. 5409: 2236:), was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE – 935 CE and was located on the southern and central parts of the 6407: 6347: 4863: 4343:) first emerged from the kingdom of Silla after being banished from the heavens, but soon left the peninsula for the 4168:, who was executed for his Buddhist faith by the Silla monarch in 527 only to have his blood flow the color of milk. 3909: 133: 4304:

An ancient Persian epic poem, the Kushnameh, contains detailed descriptions of Silla. Former South Korean president

114: 6432: 4393: 2318:, and after consolidating its power in the immediate area, conquered the Gaya confederacy. Eventually allying with 1638: 86: 4759: 2224: 998: 6301: 5375: 4917:

Kang Junyoung and Yoo Byungjae (Feb 2023), "A Study on the Origin of the Name of Korea (Solongos) in Mongolia."

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in Chinese sources. According to several historians, it is possible that this unknown tribe was originally of

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for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of 居西干

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Muslim traders brought the name "Silla" to the world outside the traditional East Asian sphere through the

3698:. This rigid lineage-based system also dictated clothing, house size, and the permitted range of marriage. 2895: 2208: 1626: 1564: 1558: 296: 17: 5052: 4839: 3723:) chosen from the "sacred bone" rank. One of the key decisions of this royal council was the adoption of 3441:(785–798), though the office itself was continually contested among various branches of the Kim lineage. 3000: 2212: 5270: 4515: 3033:

By the 2nd century, Silla existed as its own distinct political entity in the southeastern area of the

2732:"left, wrong side of the body, left-handed, enemy to the east (from the perspective of the Mongols)"." 1687: 1631: 1457: 100: 2276: 207: 6427: 6422: 6191: 5125: 4188: 3352: 2164: 1974: 1944: 1742: 1712: 1659: 1645: 1571: 1553: 1523: 1422: 806: 5161: 4685:

Lee (1991) reviews the writings of more than 15 Arabic geographers on Silla, which most refer to as

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With the multiple capitals system; a Supreme capital with one to four secondary capitals (514-c.900)

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after being dissatisfied with the land. He was also used as a means of spreading propaganda through

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durability. Silla would later employ special crossbow units against its Korean counterparts such as

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post-unification politics were the increasing tensions between the Korean monarchy and aristocracy.

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is a shortened form of Seorabeol, meaning "capital city", and was continuously used throughout the

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This standing statue of the Bhaisajyaguru Buddha is made of gilt bronze, made in the Silla period.

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Silla's middle period is characterized by the rising power of the monarchy at the expense of the

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in East Asia but some disagree on its exact functions. It was built during the reign of Queen

6335: 3897: 3857:. Jang Bogo, a prominent maritime figure of Silla, was also famous for his navy based on the 3842: 3381: 3277:(맛집), meaning "the house in which the head of a household lives, the main house on an estate" 3004: 2268: 2139: 777: 703: 3869: 3106:

in the west and Japan in the south, in the later part of the 4th century, Silla allied with

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The god Susanoo and Korea in Japan's cultural memory : ancient myths and modern empire

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that influenced East Asian philosophy and played pivotal roles in laying key ideas within

3129:(514–540), Silla was a full-fledged kingdom, with Buddhism as state religion, and its own 2904: 8: 4978: 4208: 3779: 3373: 3369: 2887: 2264: 2025: 1763: 845: 315: 269: 4266:(left to right) A Baekje, Goguryeo, and Shilla envoy depicted in a 6th-century painting. 4179: 4109:

introduced Silla to Buddhism when he arrived to proselytize in the mid 5th century. The

3850: 3071:(356–402) of the Kim clan established a hereditary monarchy and took the royal title of 6053: 6031: 5924: 5882: 5575: 5342: 5293: 5260: 4987: 4424: 3807: 3799: 3385: 3126: 2841: 2311: 2151: 2115: 2103: 2067: 2013: 1913: 1895: 1538: 1062: 971: 571: 388: 5626: 5197: 2656:"Korea, Koreans," the following seven etymological hypotheses regarding the origin of 6343: 6311: 6181: 5916: 5610: 5579: 5330: 5320: 5248: 5238: 5213: 5209: 4765: 4246: 4141: 4063: 3934: 3438: 3164: 3152: 3134: 3045: 2610: 2284: 2272: 2145: 2121: 2109: 2091: 2061: 2043: 2019: 1901: 1865: 1829: 1548: 1467: 1048: 836: 447: 352: 222: 6139: 5744: 4946: 4348: 3821:

In addition, Silla's central army, the Nine Legions (구서당), were consisted of Silla,

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first descended from the heavens after his banishment in a place called "Soshimori (

826: 6023: 5567: 5205: 4505: 4212: 3771: 3695: 3481: 3427: 3398: 3190: 3179: 3053: 3034: 2981: 2677: 2486: 2133: 2127: 2073: 2049: 2031: 1925: 1889: 1853: 1811: 1799: 1141: 1080: 855: 815: 254: 107: 5854: 2802:. Silla began as "Saro-guk", a statelet within the 12-member confederacy known as 6329: 5048: 4495: 4059: 3995: 3963: 3854: 3431: 3365: 3213: 3130: 3076: 3068: 3015: 2965: 2961: 2909: 2669: 2232: 2199: 2097: 2055: 2001: 1931: 1859: 1817: 1805: 1781: 1769: 1588: 1528: 1302: 1216: 791: 717: 364: 340: 328: 262: 31: 4274:'s long-running relationship started with cultural exchanges dating back to the 2676:; (4) It comes from the name of the ancient kingdom of Silla; (5) It comes from 6397: 6382: 6270: 5086: 4720: 3885: 3119: 2863: 2798:

period, central and southern Korea consisted of three confederacies called the

2638: 2280: 2085: 2079: 2007: 1995: 1907: 1871: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1823: 1583: 1518: 460: 376: 277: 5965:

Park, Jin Y. article "Buddhism in Korea" in Keown and Prebish 2010 : 449.

5334: 2652:). In a paper published in 2023 regarding the etymology of the Mongolian word 6376: 5920: 5252: 4305: 4007: 3913: 3803: 3775: 3752: 3346: 3146: 3138: 3083:(泥師今; 이사금). He is considered by many historians as the starting point of the 3019: 2996: 2995:

The territory outside the capital was greatly conquered during the period of

2913: 2848: 2335: 1883: 1877: 1793: 1787: 1775: 1397: 1022: 1006: 936: 598: 273: 4030:

is one of the manuscripts that give insight into their lives and practices.

2716:). The authors of this paper have ended up supporting the sixth hypothesis, 6297: 5314: 4321: 4313: 4250: 4216: 4184: 4081: 4027: 3858: 3795: 3720: 3461: 3361: 3334: 2989: 2673: 2355: 2323: 1702: 1314: 1290: 1278: 1257: 1194: 960: 233: 5555: 5232: 4867: 3817:

Earthenware Funerary Objects in the Shape of a Shilla Warrior on Horseback

2934:

In its early days, Silla started off as a city-state by the name of Saro (

2806:. Saro-guk consisted of six clans later known as the Six Clans of Jinhan ( 6325: 5571: 4981:

has ascended to the throne. Preceding this, were the dispersed people of

4786: 4328: 4114: 4110: 4085: 3838: 3830: 2969: 2918: 2869: 2507: 2319: 1029: 948: 641: 637: 473: 5928: 5900: 5886: 3849:

the biggest of waves' amongst the Chinese and Japanese according to the

6035: 6014:

Kim, Won-yong (1960), "An Early Gilt-bronze Seated Buddha from Seoul",

5076: 4298: 4161: 4106: 3979: 3975: 3377: 2985: 2955: 2756: 2752: 2204: 1011: 875: 217: 6362: 3927:

It was from Silla that Korea's oldest extant genre of poems, known as

3098:

In 377, Silla sent emissaries to China and established relations with

768: 694: 6307: 4467: 4340: 4317: 4228: 4130: 4041: 3959: 3242: 3115: 2891: 2263:

Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of

6027: 5556:"Prince Misahun: Silla's Hostage to Wa from the Late Fourth Century" 3426:

The middle period of Silla came to an end with the assassination of

3380:, the Silla–Tang alliance conquered Goguryeo to its north after the 2704:"left, east"; (7) It comes from the name of the medieval kingdom of 2350:. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief 49: 5901:"The Indigenous Religions of Silla: Their Diversity and Durability" 5204:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 935–936, 2021, 5012: 4982: 4220: 4172: 4157: 4137: 4118: 4097: 4089: 4077: 4002:, to many practices within Korean Buddhism that originate from it. 3834: 3822: 3787: 3748: 3724: 3160: 3107: 3099: 3057: 3023: 2951: 2837: 2826: 2697: 2622: 2347: 2331: 2307: 2257: 2245: 1376: 1110: 1070: 922: 585: 434: 289: 6242:"Cultural ties put Iran, S Korea closer than ever for cooperation" 3287:(마루), meaning "ridge, peak, crest (of a roof, a mountain, a wave, 4336: 4165: 4153: 4022: 3999: 3929: 3763: 3716: 3465: 3172: 3142: 2877: 2833: 2642: 2626: 2359: 1326: 1267: 403: 5110:김창호, 〈문무왕릉비에 보이는 신라인의 조상인식 – 태조성한의 첨보 -〉, 《한국사연구》, 한국사연구회, 1986년 3762:

A number of Silla's greatest generals and military leaders were

2916:

was the ancestor to the kings of Silla. Another source found in

2700:"; (later) Korea, Korean"; (6) It comes from the Mongolian word 4332: 4280: 4233: 4215:. With the support of the government, massive temples like the 4204: 4200: 4196: 4145: 4122: 4101: 4093: 3967: 3952: 3882: 3826: 3791: 3782:, which expelled Tang forces in the other two Korean kingdoms. 3756: 3744: 3469: 3390: 3368:(654–661), the Silla–Tang alliance subjugated Baekje after the 3325: 3317: 3156: 3103: 3044:

had centralized into a kingdom by about 250 CE, overtaking the

3041: 2947: 2923: 2873: 2803: 2799: 2736: 2705: 2567: 2563: 2363: 2343: 2327: 2315: 2253: 2241: 1387: 1352: 1205: 1120: 1042: 981: 731: 657: 612: 486: 242: 238: 170: 5529: 5500: 5471: 5442: 4149: 4134: 4126: 4105:

form the Korean specific form of Buddhism. The Buddhist monk

3893: 3358: 3168: 3027: 3008: 2836:

ancestry through the Xiongnu prince Kim Il-je, also known as

2724:"Korea, Koreans" ultimately should be cognate with Mongolian 2559: 2339: 2237: 1363: 1228: 1153: 1075: 1037: 1016: 747: 673: 159: 3155:(540–576) established a strong military force. Silla helped 1697: 190:

Silla in the 6th century, during the reign of King Jinheung.

4271: 3988: 3309:

meaning "stake, post, pile, picket, peg, pin (of a tent)".

2660:

have been enumerated: (1) It comes from the Mongolian word

1166: 6213:"1,500 Years of Contact between Korea and the Middle East" 4327:

Silla was also a place of interest by the Japanese as the

6082:

Cultural Heritage Administration National Heritage Portal

5856:

Islamic Material Culture in Medieval Korea and Its Legacy

2876:

also mentions Silla as the place where the Japanese god,

782: 708: 6388:

States and territories established in the 1st century BC

6170: 3437:

Thereafter the Silla kingship was fixed in the house of

2664:

meaning "rainbow"; (2) It comes from the Mongolian word

6177:

Birmingham Museum of Art : guide to the collection

5237:. Gustav Heldt, Yasumaro Ō, Lisa Hamm. New York. 2014. 3962:. Geographers of the Arab and Persian world, including 3094:

Royal crown of Silla (second half of the fifth century)

2672:"; (3) It comes from the Mongolian/Manchurian ethnonym 2641:

is believed to be derived from the Mongolian word for "

4014:

was one of the high shamans of the state for example.

3888:

list in 2000. Much of it is also protected as part of

3251:(毛笠), "a kind of hat worn by servants in the old days" 3063: 2267:(Old Korean: *pulkunae, "light of the world"), of the 6175: 5410:"신라 유리왕 14년, 고구려 대무신왕 20년, 백제 다루왕 10년, 정유년(丁酉年), 37년" 4887: 4885: 3460:

period, briefly saw the emergence of the kingdoms of

3430:

in 780, terminating the kingly line of succession of

2555:) is thought to be a later Confucian interpretation. 4702:

Lee (1991, p. 26) cites the 10th-century chronicler

2772: 2477: 2459: 2441: 2423: 2405: 2387: 2271:. The country was first ruled intermittently by the 4646: 3837:became complete in formation and compilation after 3261:, meaning "a knack, a trick, the hang of something" 2751:), literally "rooster forest", a name that has its 2279:clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of 74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5283: 4882: 4156:– a Chinese Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to 3833:people. These nine legions aimed at defending the 3291:); zenith, climax, prime; the first, the standard" 2821:According to Korean records, Silla was founded by 2580:), meaning "royal capital city," which changed to 5376:"고조선의 주민과 예맥 (The People of Gojoseon and Yemaek)" 4793: 3892:. Additionally, two villages near Gyeongju named 3357:In the 7th century, Silla allied itself with the 3133:. Silla absorbed the Gaya confederacy during the 6374: 5852: 5082:騎馬흉노국가 新羅 연구 趙甲濟(月刊朝鮮 편집장)의 심층취재 내 몸속을 흐르는 흉노의 피 4799: 4239:An Account of Travel to the Five Indian Kingdoms 30:For the district in Fujian Province, China, see 6287: 5234:The Kojiki : an account of ancient matters 4183:The Temple of the Golden Dragon, also known as 3806:cavalries operated by the Tang army during the 6007: 2637:) in Mongolian, which is according to popular 6004:III, Ha & Mintz translation, pp. 178–179. 5071: 5069: 3145:in 562, thereby expanding its borders to the 2172: 1952: 1720: 265:(State and official religion 527 CE – 935 CE) 6296: 5298:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4324:, Hwangnamdae Tomb, and Nambun Tomb No. 98. 4088:, and arrived in Silla the very last out of 3207: 3183: 2941: 2935: 2881: 2813: 2807: 2766: 2760: 2746: 2740: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2550: 2536: 2526: 2512: 2496: 2490: 2471: 2465: 2453: 2447: 2435: 2429: 2417: 2411: 2399: 2393: 2381: 2375: 753: 737: 679: 663: 164: 153: 5150:「제목=고구려와 흉노의 친연성에 관한 연구|저널=백산학보」『백산학보 제67호』 4117:following 3 monks among the first to bring 2778: 2629:, respectively. Koreans are still known as 6180:. : Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 34. 5361:Empire of Japan, Department of Education, 5347:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5265:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5163:<이색보고> 金家 뿌리 탐사, 흉노왕의 후손 김일제 유적을 찾아서 5075: 5066: 5037: 5035: 5033: 4679: 2179: 2165: 1959: 1945: 1727: 1713: 184: 3912:is known to produce a distinctive sound. 3178:The early period ended with the death of 3075:(麻立干; 마립간). However, in the Samguk Sagi, 257:(Earlier state Religion: 57 BCE – 527 CE) 134:Learn how and when to remove this message 6000:"Malananta bring Buddhism to Baekje" in 5959: 4977:: In the year of Byeongjin, the founder 4911: 4439:A crown from late 5th or early 6th Silla 4261: 4178: 3989:Native ethnic religion/Shamanism/Animism 3868: 3812: 3456:The tail end of this period, called the 3305:or from a word related to Middle Korean 3089: 2688:which in turn stems from Old Korean 수릿골 2501:), which in Modern Korean is pronounced 2342:, while the northern part re-emerged as 6271:"로마제국에서 제작되어 삼국시대 우리나라에 유입된 유리제품. 로마유리" 5399:「예맥(濊貊)의 형성과정과 고조선」(박준형, 『학림』 22, 2001) 5030: 4672: 4670: 4664:이기동, 1988, 「신라의 성립과 변천」, 『韓國古代史論』, 한길사. 4387:A golden inner cap, 5–6th century Silla 3475: 3182:and the demise of the "hallowed bone" ( 2326:, it conquered the other two kingdoms, 14: 6375: 5202:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology 5000: 4998: 4996: 4312:Silla also traded indirectly with the 4187:, would later be destroyed during the 4100:in 372 CE, by Silla in 528 CE, and by 3376:(King Muyeol's successor) and General 2590:) soon after, and finally resulted in 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5553: 5312: 5008:김운회의 '대쥬신을 찾아서' <23> 금관의 나라, 신라 4969: 4967: 4941: 4939: 4696: 4249:. The international influence of the 3197: 2231: 2198: 255:Korean ethnic folk religion/Shamanism 6300:; Prebish, Charles S., eds. (2010). 5044:경주 사천왕사(寺) 사천왕상(四天王像) 왜 4개가 아니라 3개일까 4714: 4712: 4667: 4257: 2964:(57 CE–80 CE) was the son-in-law of 927: 72:adding citations to reliable sources 43: 6324: 6164: 6013: 5898: 5862:(PhD thesis). University of London. 5306: 5277: 4993: 4742:"<기고>다윗(Davia)과 골리앗(Goliath)" 4739: 4718: 4652: 4018:neighbours of Goguryeo and Baekje. 3916:near Gyeongju is the oldest extant 3447: 3328:: 한) and the word for "big, great" 3064:Emergence of a centralized monarchy 2926:helped build the kingdom of Silla. 24: 6418:Former countries in Korean history 6363:Silla - World History Encyclopedia 5866: 4964: 4936: 4802:"[ 기획 ] 역사로 살펴본 한반도 인구 추이" 4335:both claim that the Japanese god, 4140:monk who brought Buddhism to King 4068:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 3022:basin attacked the Silla-friendly 2992:, was adopted by Talhae of Silla. 2922:claims that a Japanese man named, 25: 6454: 6356: 5004: 4709: 3910:King Seongdeok the Great of Silla 3112:Gwanggaeto's unification campaign 2625:and their later descendants, the 2600:) in the Modern Korean language. 2489:standardized the characters into 5288:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Shigakkai. 5210:10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_140217 4764:. Global Oriental. August 2009. 4474: 4460: 4444: 4432: 4416: 4411:Reliquary from 7th century Silla 4404: 4392: 4380: 4368: 3839:Silla unified the Three Kingdoms 3340: 3122:was forced to ally with Baekje. 2912:the brother of the mythological 2621:in the language of the medieval 2521:), consisting of the components 1696: 825: 617: 603: 578: 564: 48: 27:Korean kingdom (57 BCE – 935 CE) 6263: 6252:from the original on 2017-04-13 6223:from the original on 2017-03-19 6205: 6194:from the original on 1998-05-14 6153:from the original on 2021-07-16 6132: 6121:from the original on 2021-07-16 6100: 6089:from the original on 2021-07-16 6068: 6042: 5994: 5968: 5935: 5892: 5846: 5837: 5826: 5815:from the original on 2016-11-21 5801: 5790:from the original on 2021-07-16 5769: 5758:from the original on 2021-12-07 5737: 5726:from the original on 2022-04-17 5705: 5694:from the original on 2021-07-16 5673: 5662:from the original on 2017-06-19 5648: 5637:from the original on 2008-06-20 5619: 5600: 5589:from the original on 2016-03-04 5547: 5536:from the original on 2022-04-17 5518: 5507:from the original on 2022-04-17 5489: 5478:from the original on 2022-04-17 5460: 5449:from the original on 2022-04-17 5431: 5420:from the original on 2021-11-16 5402: 5393: 5382:from the original on 2021-11-22 5368: 5355: 5225: 5190: 5187:이종호『한국 7대 불가사의』、역사의아침、2007、p108 5181: 5170:from the original on 2016-09-13 5153: 5144: 5113: 5104: 5093:from the original on 2012-01-19 5019:from the original on 2012-01-26 4953:from the original on 2021-02-13 4927: 4856: 4844:Wiktionary, the free dictionary 4832: 4820:Wiktionary, the free dictionary 4808: 4778: 4752: 4044:occurring in the 12th century. 3386:fought against the Tang dynasty 2972:, Seoktalhae was the prince of 2968:(4 CE–24 CE). According to the 2929: 2299:(Old Korean: *nisokum) and 麻立干 59:needs additional citations for 6438:Former monarchies of East Asia 6146:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6050:"삼국시대의 한국불교 – 한국의 불교 – 디지털한국학" 5783:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5751:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5719:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5687:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 5363:History of the Empire of Japan 4947:"사로국(斯盧國) ─ The State of Saro" 4898:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 4733: 4658: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4375:Gold ornament from early Silla 4160:in northern Korea in 372, and 3231:of "head / per head" or "hair" 3208: 3184: 2942: 2936: 2825:in 57 BCE, around present-day 2814: 2808: 2767: 2761: 2747: 2741: 2735:Silla was also referred to as 2596: 2586: 2576: 2497: 2472: 2454: 2436: 2418: 2400: 2382: 754: 738: 680: 664: 13: 1: 6443:Tributaries of Imperial China 6413:Former countries in East Asia 5607:Encyclopedia of World History 5159: 4634: 4221:Temple of the Buddhist Realms 3873:The astronomical observatory 3320:: 간), is a likely cognate to 5656:"The Bone Ranks and Hwabaek" 5051:. 2009-02-27. Archived from 4639: 4353:Japanese occupation of Korea 4236:, known for his travelogue " 3982:, left records about Silla. 3223:(마리) from Middle Korean 마리〮 3079:still appears as a title of 3011:, Bijigukuk, and Chopalguk. 2896:Japanese occupation of Korea 2369: 1186:Northern and Southern period 7: 5977:"사단법인 신라문화진흥원 – 신라의 역사와 문화" 5913:University of Hawai'i Press 4921:(몽골학) No. 72, pp. 117~148. 4864:"사단법인 신라문화진흥원 – 신라의 역사와 문화" 4489: 4279:Silla from ancient Iran or 4217:Temple of the Golden Dragon 4053: 3737: 3705:, 성골, 聖骨) and "true bone" ( 2789: 2773: 2478: 2460: 2442: 2424: 2406: 2388: 2303:(5th-6th century) instead. 1249:Later Three Kingdoms period 999:Proto–Three Kingdoms period 783: 769: 709: 695: 10: 6459: 6281: 5554:Allen, Chizuko T. (2003). 5319:. London, United Kingdom. 4740:김시종 (September 13, 2011). 4534:Other name(s): Geumseong ( 4516:Silla monarchs family tree 4358: 4057: 3864: 3479: 3350: 3344: 3052:was being replaced by the 2853:Excessive citations inline 2784: 36: 29: 5853:Han, In-Sung Kim (2016). 5126:National Library of Korea 4800:Chosun Education (2016). 4074:Buddhism emerged in India 3353:North South States Period 2882: 2551: 2537: 2527: 2513: 2491: 2466: 2448: 2430: 2412: 2394: 2376: 2314:confederacy, part of the 790: 776: 762: 746: 730: 725: 716: 702: 688: 672: 656: 651: 633: 543: 539: 529: 519: 509: 505: 500: 496: 483: 470: 457: 444: 431: 421: 417: 409: 399: 395: 382: 370: 358: 346: 334: 322: 309: 305: 295: 285: 248: 232: 213: 203: 195: 183: 178: 165: 154: 148: 6408:Ancient peoples of Korea 6368:Gyeongju National Museum 6340:Harvard University Press 6303:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 6288:Connor, Mary E. (2009). 6172:Birmingham Museum of Art 5889:. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023. 5284:Shigeno, Kume, Hoshino. 5081: 5043: 4784:57 BCE according to the 4721:"신라시대, 인구조사는 어떻게 하였을까?." 4521: 4501:Gyeongju National Museum 4423:The last king of Silla, 4133:(late 4th century) – an 3918:astronomical observatory 3001:Eumjipbeol and Siljikgok 2946:), initially founded by 2362:, handing over power to 1993: 1089:Four Commanderies of Han 6433:Three Kingdoms of Korea 6065:Retrieved on 2008-03-08 4879:Retrieved on 2008-03-08 4276:Three Kingdoms of Korea 3768:Three Kingdoms of Korea 3102:. Facing pressure from 2858:considered for deletion 2823:Bak Hyeokgeose of Silla 2781: rooster-dragon). 2346:, a successor-state of 2291:(1st century BCE), 次次雄 2256:(3,800,000 people) and 2250:Three Kingdoms of Korea 485:• Handover to the 433:• Introduction of 6338:; Schultz, Edward J., 6331:A New History of Korea 5947:contents.history.go.kr 4719:김호상 (August 1, 2016). 4453:Bell of King Seongdeok 4399:An artifact from Silla 4267: 4192: 3890:Gyeongju National Park 3877: 3818: 3141:in 532 and conquering 3110:. However, after King 3095: 2980:(多婆那國), located 1,000- 2295:(1st century CE), 泥師今 2275:for 232 years and the 1664:World Heritage Sites ( 1655:Science and technology 1433:Provisional Government 39:Silla (disambiguation) 6403:935 disestablishments 6393:50s BC establishments 6217:Middle East Institute 6114:UNESCO Heritage Korea 5313:Weiss, David (2022). 5269:) CS1 maint: others ( 4265: 4182: 3937:, which includes the 3898:Yangdong Folk Village 3872: 3816: 3243:traditional-style hat 3093: 3056:. In northern Korea, 2958:people to the North. 2338:occupied most of the 2229:Korean pronunciation: 2196:Korean pronunciation: 1156:(Tributary of Baekje) 1102:Three Kingdoms period 423:• Establishment 214:Common languages 5899:Lee, Kidong (2004). 5572:10.1353/ks.2005.0002 5005:김, 운회 (2005-08-30). 4511:List of Silla people 4345:Japanese archipelago 4076:, the strand called 4008:Nurye "Yuri" Isageum 3476:Society and politics 3458:Later Three Kingdoms 3312:The second element, 3048:. To the southwest, 2796:Proto–Three Kingdoms 2352:Later Three Kingdoms 2334:in 668. Thereafter, 2260:(3,500,000 people). 2240:. Silla, along with 1468:North-South division 1458:Military governments 1231:(Tributary of Silla) 764:Revised Romanization 690:Revised Romanization 446:• Campaigns of 68:improve this article 37:For other uses, see 6076:"경주 황룡사지 (慶州皇龍寺址)" 5833:하회마을·양동마을 세계문화유산 추진 5365:(Tokyo, 1893) p. 38 4455:was cast in 771 AD. 4209:East Asian Buddhism 3727:as state religion. 3488: 3374:King Munmu of Silla 3005:King Suro of Gimhae 2902:. According to the 2898:through the use of 2888:liberation of Korea 2505:. According to the 2265:Hyeokgeose of Silla 1423:Japanese occupation 311:• 57 BCE–4 CE 5974:Buddhism of Silla 5931:– via JSTOR. 5631:Empas Encyclopedia 5530:Naver Encyclopedia 5501:Naver Encyclopedia 5472:Naver Encyclopedia 5443:Naver Encyclopedia 4268: 4193: 4171:The importance of 3878: 3819: 3486: 3245:made of horsehair" 3198:Etymology of title 3127:Beopheung of Silla 3096: 2988:, the ancestor of 1988:(Post-unification) 1366:(Vassal of Goryeo) 976:4th–2nd century BC 850:700,000 BC-8000 BC 837:Prehistoric period 572:Jinhan confederacy 234:Ethnic groups 6336:Wagner, Edward W. 6317:978-0-203-49875-0 6187:978-1-904832-77-5 5627:"성골 [聖骨]" 5615:978-0-8160-6386-4 5326:978-1-350-27118-0 5286:Kōhon kokushi gan 5244:978-0-231-53812-1 5219:978-3-030-58291-3 4655:, pp. 83–84. 4258:Foreign relations 4078:Mahayana Buddhism 4064:Buddhism in China 3951:of Buddhist monk 3947:, as well as the 3935:Classical Chinese 3794:, as well as the 3692: 3691: 3487:Bone Rank System 3439:Wonseong of Silla 3382:Goguryeo–Tang War 3301:, meaning "floor" 3153:Jinheung of Silla 3046:Mahan confederacy 2905:Shinsen Shōjiroku 2886:)". Up until the 2818:) from Gojoseon. 2285:Gyeongju Kim clan 2273:Miryang Park clan 2233:[sʌɾabʌɭ] 2189: 2188: 1975:Monarchs of Korea 1969: 1968: 1756:(Pre-unification) 1743:Monarchs of Korea 1737: 1736: 1498: 1497: 1441: 1440: 1406: 1405: 1336: 1335: 1239: 1238: 1176: 1175: 989: 988: 906: 905: 799: 798: 778:McCune–Reischauer 704:McCune–Reischauer 647: 646: 629: 628: 625: 624: 591: 590: 268:Other religions: 228: 223:Classical Chinese 144: 143: 136: 118: 16:(Redirected from 6450: 6428:Culture of Korea 6423:History of Korea 6352: 6334:, translated by 6321: 6293: 6292:. ABC-CLIO, LLC. 6275: 6274: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6072: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6052:. Archived from 6046: 6040: 6038: 6011: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5979:. Archived from 5972: 5966: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5896: 5890: 5879: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5850: 5844: 5841: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5811:. 6 March 2008. 5805: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5623: 5617: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5588: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5425: 5406: 5400: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5346: 5338: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5264: 5256: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5157: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5129:. 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Archived from 4860: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4791: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4716: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4538: 4532: 4506:History of Korea 4478: 4464: 4448: 4436: 4420: 4408: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4213:Essence-Function 4189:Mongol Invasions 4150:Korean peninsula 4148:in the southern 4072:Centuries after 3851:Shoku Nihon Koki 3843:Fall of Goguryeo 3772:Korean Peninsula 3696:bone rank system 3489: 3485: 3482:Bone rank system 3448:Decline and fall 3428:Hyegong of Silla 3372:. In 668, under 3364:. In 660, under 3211: 3210: 3202:The royal title 3187: 3186: 3180:Jindeok of Silla 3054:Gaya confederacy 3035:Korean peninsula 2945: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2885: 2884: 2861: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2599: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2579: 2578: 2554: 2553: 2540: 2539: 2530: 2529: 2516: 2515: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2487:Jijeung of Silla 2481: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2378: 2340:Korean Peninsula 2238:Korean Peninsula 2235: 2230: 2202: 2200:[ɕiɭ.ɭa] 2197: 2181: 2174: 2167: 1971: 1970: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1739: 1738: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1703:Korea portal 1701: 1700: 1675: 1669: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1591: 1579: 1567: 1561: 1454: 1453: 1419: 1418: 1349: 1348: 1270:(Later Goguryeo) 1254: 1253: 1191: 1190: 1142:Gaya confederacy 1107: 1106: 1065: 1058: 1051: 1032: 1025: 963: 951: 939: 929: 919: 918: 842: 841: 829: 819: 801: 800: 786: 772: 757: 756: 741: 740: 712: 698: 683: 682: 667: 666: 649: 648: 621: 620: 607: 606: 595: 594: 582: 581: 568: 567: 561: 560: 545: 544: 226: 188: 168: 167: 157: 156: 146: 145: 139: 132: 128: 125: 119: 117: 76: 52: 44: 21: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6373: 6372: 6359: 6350: 6318: 6284: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6255: 6253: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6226: 6224: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6197: 6195: 6188: 6169: 6165: 6156: 6154: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6124: 6122: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6092: 6090: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6057: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6028:10.2307/3248029 6012: 6008: 5999: 5995: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5964: 5960: 5951: 5949: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5897: 5893: 5880: 5867: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5793: 5791: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5761: 5759: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5729: 5727: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5697: 5695: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5665: 5663: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5640: 5638: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5605: 5601: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5552: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5510: 5508: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5481: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5452: 5450: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5423: 5421: 5414:terms.naver.com 5408: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5360: 5356: 5340: 5339: 5327: 5311: 5307: 5291: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5258: 5257: 5245: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5173: 5171: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5136: 5134: 5121:"자료검색>상세_기사" 5119: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5105: 5096: 5094: 5083: 5074: 5067: 5058: 5056: 5049:The Chosun Ilbo 5045: 5041: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5020: 5003: 4994: 4979:Park Hyeokgeose 4972: 4965: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4916: 4912: 4903: 4901: 4891: 4890: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4849: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4825: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4798: 4794: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4771:978-900421299-2 4758: 4757: 4753: 4738: 4734: 4717: 4710: 4701: 4697: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4606:), Wanggyeong ( 4533: 4529: 4524: 4496:Crowns of Silla 4492: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4470: 4465: 4456: 4449: 4440: 4437: 4428: 4421: 4412: 4409: 4400: 4397: 4388: 4385: 4376: 4373: 4361: 4260: 4070: 4060:Korean Buddhism 4056: 3991: 3964:ibn Khurdadhbih 3867: 3855:Seocheon County 3780:Silla–Tang Wars 3740: 3734: 3484: 3478: 3450: 3432:Muyeol of Silla 3370:Baekje–Tang War 3366:Muyeol of Silla 3355: 3349: 3343: 3200: 3194:) rank system. 3135:Gaya–Silla Wars 3131:Korean era name 3125:By the time of 3077:Naemul of Silla 3069:Naemul of Silla 3066: 3016:Naehae of Silla 2966:Namhae of Silla 2962:Talhae of Silla 2932: 2910:Inahi no Mikoto 2846: 2792: 2787: 2720:that Mongolian 2372: 2228: 2195: 2185: 1965: 1733: 1695: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1587: 1575: 1563: 1557: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1451: 1443: 1442: 1416: 1415:Colonial period 1408: 1407: 1346: 1345:Dynastic period 1338: 1337: 1303:Dongdan Kingdom 1251: 1241: 1240: 1217:Little Goguryeo 1197:(Unified Silla) 1188: 1178: 1177: 1104: 1094: 1093: 1085: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1028: 1021: 1001: 991: 990: 961: 949: 937: 916: 908: 907: 898:Liaoning dagger 860:8000 BC–1500 BC 839: 817: 810: 758: 742: 684: 668: 640: 618: 604: 579: 565: 532: 522: 512: 489: 476: 463: 450: 437: 424: 385: 384:• 927–935 373: 372:• 661–681 361: 360:• 654–661 349: 348:• 540–576 337: 336:• 356–402 325: 312: 276: 272: 221: 191: 179:57 BCE – 935 CE 174: 163: 151: 140: 129: 123: 120: 77: 75: 65: 53: 42: 35: 32:Xinluo, Longyan 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6456: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6358: 6357:External links 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6322: 6316: 6294: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6262: 6248:. 2016-05-05. 6233: 6204: 6186: 6163: 6131: 6099: 6067: 6041: 6006: 5993: 5967: 5958: 5934: 5905:Korean Studies 5891: 5865: 5845: 5836: 5825: 5800: 5768: 5736: 5704: 5672: 5647: 5618: 5599: 5560:Korean Studies 5546: 5517: 5488: 5459: 5430: 5401: 5392: 5367: 5354: 5325: 5305: 5276: 5243: 5224: 5218: 5189: 5180: 5152: 5143: 5112: 5103: 5087:Monthly Chosun 5065: 5029: 4992: 4963: 4935: 4926: 4919:Mongol Studies 4910: 4881: 4855: 4831: 4807: 4792: 4777: 4770: 4751: 4732: 4708: 4695: 4678: 4666: 4657: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4620: 4582:), Seoyabeol ( 4570:), Seonabeol ( 4526: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4431: 4429: 4425:King Gyeongsun 4422: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4349:Nissen dōsoron 4259: 4256: 4080:spread out of 4055: 4052: 3990: 3987: 3945:Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn 3886:World Heritage 3866: 3863: 3808:Silla-Tang War 3800:Silla–Tang War 3739: 3736: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3477: 3474: 3449: 3446: 3345:Main article: 3342: 3339: 3303: 3302: 3292: 3278: 3272: 3262: 3252: 3246: 3232: 3199: 3196: 3120:Nulji of Silla 3065: 3062: 2950:refugees from 2931: 2928: 2900:Nissen dōsoron 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2639:folk etymology 2511:, the name of 2371: 2368: 2306:It began as a 2187: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1949: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1717: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1624: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1581: 1569: 1551: 1546: 1544:Historiography 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1026: 1014: 1009: 1003: 1002: 997: 996: 993: 992: 987: 986: 984: 978: 977: 974: 968: 967: 965: 956: 955: 953: 944: 943: 941: 932: 931: 925: 917: 915:Ancient period 914: 913: 910: 909: 904: 903: 901: 892: 891: 889: 882: 881: 880:1500 BC–300 BC 878: 872: 871: 869: 862: 861: 858: 852: 851: 848: 840: 835: 834: 831: 830: 822: 821: 812: 811: 804: 797: 796: 794: 788: 787: 780: 774: 773: 766: 760: 759: 752: 750: 744: 743: 736: 734: 728: 727: 723: 722: 720: 714: 713: 706: 700: 699: 692: 686: 685: 678: 676: 670: 669: 662: 660: 654: 653: 645: 644: 635: 631: 630: 627: 626: 623: 622: 615: 609: 608: 601: 592: 589: 588: 583: 575: 574: 569: 557: 556: 551: 541: 540: 537: 536: 533: 530: 527: 526: 523: 520: 517: 516: 513: 510: 507: 506: 503: 502: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 484: 481: 480: 477: 471: 468: 467: 464: 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6120: 6116: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6056:on 2008-04-30 6055: 6051: 6045: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6016:Artibus Asiae 6010: 6003: 5997: 5983:on 2008-03-21 5982: 5978: 5971: 5962: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5858: 5857: 5849: 5843:Connor p. 268 5840: 5834: 5829: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5419: 5416:(in Korean). 5415: 5411: 5405: 5396: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5301: 5295: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5198:"Nihon Shoki" 5193: 5184: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5156: 5147: 5133:on 2018-10-02 5132: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5116: 5107: 5092: 5088: 5085:(in Korean). 5084: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5055:on 2014-12-30 5054: 5050: 5047:(in Korean). 5046: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4968: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4940: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4886: 4870:on 2008-03-21 4869: 4865: 4859: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4726:(in Korean). 4725: 4722: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4673: 4671: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4624: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4395: 4390: 4383: 4378: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4307: 4306:Park Geun-hye 4302: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4121:teaching, or 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4084:, modern-day 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4024: 4023:Hwarang order 4019: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3914:Cheomseongdae 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3876: 3875:Cheomseongdae 3871: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3815: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3776:Unified Silla 3773: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3596:Geupbeolchan 3595: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3387: 3384:. Silla then 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3347:Unified Silla 3341:Unified Silla 3338: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3147:Nakdong River 3144: 3140: 3139:Geumgwan Gaya 3136: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3040:To the west, 3038: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3020:Nakdong River 3017: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2997:Pasa of Silla 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2914:Emperor Jimmu 2911: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2782: 2775: 2758: 2754: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2601: 2593: 2583: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2488: 2483: 2480: 2462: 2444: 2426: 2408: 2390: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2336:Unified Silla 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Michu Isageum 2278: 2277:Wolseong Seok 2274: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248:, formed the 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2193: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1766:57 BCE – 4 CE 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1674: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1503: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1450:Modern period 1447: 1446: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1412: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1398:Korean Empire 1396: 1395: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1342: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1281:(Later Silla) 1280: 1279:Unified Silla 1277: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1000: 995: 994: 985: 983: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 969: 966: 964: 958: 957: 954: 952: 946: 945: 942: 940: 934: 933: 926: 924: 921: 920: 912: 911: 902: 900: 899: 894: 893: 890: 888: 884: 883: 879: 877: 874: 873: 870: 868: 864: 863: 859: 857: 854: 853: 849: 847: 844: 843: 838: 833: 832: 828: 824: 823: 820: 814: 813: 808: 803: 802: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 765: 761: 751: 749: 745: 735: 733: 729: 724: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 691: 687: 677: 675: 671: 661: 659: 655: 650: 643: 639: 636: 634:Today part of 632: 616: 614: 611: 610: 602: 600: 599:Unified Silla 597: 596: 593: 587: 584: 577: 576: 573: 570: 563: 562: 559: 558: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 542: 538: 534: 528: 524: 518: 514: 508: 504: 499: 495: 491: 488: 482: 478: 475: 469: 465: 462: 456: 452: 449: 448:King Jinheung 443: 439: 436: 430: 426: 420: 416: 412: 408: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 387: 381: 378: 375: 369: 366: 363: 357: 354: 351: 345: 342: 339: 333: 330: 327: 324:• 57–80 321: 317: 314: 308: 304: 300: 298: 294: 291: 288: 284: 279: 275: 271: 267: 264: 261: 260: 256: 253: 252: 251: 247: 244: 240: 237: 235: 231: 224: 219: 216: 212: 209: 206: 202: 198: 194: 187: 182: 177: 172: 161: 147: 138: 135: 127: 116: 113: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: – 84: 80: 79:Find sources: 73: 69: 63: 62: 57:This article 55: 51: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 6330: 6326:Lee, Ki-baik 6306:. New York: 6302: 6289: 6273:(in Korean). 6265: 6254:. Retrieved 6246:Tehran Times 6245: 6236: 6225:. Retrieved 6216: 6207: 6196:. Retrieved 6176: 6166: 6155:. Retrieved 6143: 6134: 6123:. Retrieved 6111: 6102: 6091:. Retrieved 6079: 6070: 6058:. Retrieved 6054:the original 6044: 6022:(1): 67–71, 6019: 6015: 6009: 6001: 5996: 5985:. Retrieved 5981:the original 5970: 5961: 5950:. Retrieved 5946: 5937: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5855: 5848: 5839: 5832: 5828: 5817:. Retrieved 5803: 5792:. Retrieved 5780: 5771: 5760:. Retrieved 5748: 5739: 5728:. Retrieved 5716: 5713:"비금서당(緋衿誓幢)" 5707: 5696:. Retrieved 5684: 5675: 5664:. Retrieved 5650: 5639:. Retrieved 5630: 5621: 5606: 5602: 5591:. Retrieved 5563: 5559: 5549: 5538:. Retrieved 5520: 5509:. Retrieved 5491: 5480:. Retrieved 5462: 5451:. Retrieved 5433: 5422:. Retrieved 5413: 5404: 5395: 5384:. Retrieved 5370: 5362: 5357: 5315: 5308: 5285: 5279: 5233: 5227: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5172:. Retrieved 5162: 5155: 5146: 5135:. Retrieved 5131:the original 5124: 5115: 5106: 5095:. Retrieved 5057:. Retrieved 5053:the original 5021:. Retrieved 5007: 4974: 4955:. Retrieved 4929: 4918: 4913: 4902:. Retrieved 4896: 4872:. Retrieved 4868:the original 4858: 4848:, retrieved 4846:, 2023-10-08 4843: 4834: 4824:, retrieved 4822:, 2023-08-04 4819: 4810: 4795: 4785: 4780: 4760: 4754: 4748:(in Korean). 4745: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4660: 4648: 4623: 4594:), Seobeol ( 4530: 4427:(r. 927–935) 4339:(brother of 4326: 4322:Cheonma Tomb 4316:through the 4314:Roman Empire 4311: 4303: 4289: 4286: 4270:Korea's and 4269: 4251:Tang dynasty 4244: 4237: 4194: 4185:Hwangryongsa 4170: 4082:Central Asia 4071: 4049: 4046: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4028:Hwarang segi 4020: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3992: 3984: 3957: 3939: 3928: 3926: 3904:The massive 3903: 3879: 3874: 3859:Cheonghaejin 3847: 3820: 3796:Tang dynasty 3784: 3761: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721:Sangdaedeung 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3700: 3693: 3501:Fourth Head 3462:Later Baekje 3455: 3451: 3443: 3436: 3425: 3422: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3395: 3362:Tang dynasty 3356: 3329: 3321: 3313: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3220: 3203: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3151: 3124: 3097: 3085:Gyeongju Kim 3080: 3072: 3067: 3039: 3032: 3013: 2994: 2990:Gyeongju Kim 2977: 2974:Yongseongguk 2973: 2960: 2933: 2930:Early period 2917: 2903: 2868: 2851: 2831: 2820: 2793: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2634: 2630: 2618: 2614: 2605: 2602: 2591: 2581: 2571: 2557: 2547:Mangrasabang 2546: 2542: 2532: 2522: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2484: 2373: 2356:Later Baekje 2305: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2262: 2220: 2215:: Syerapel, 2191: 2190: 2140:Gyeongmyeong 1981: 1749: 1686: 1640:Christianity 1514:Architecture 1494:1948–present 1483:1948–present 1472:1945–present 1375: 1362: 1325: 1315:Later Balhae 1313: 1301: 1291:Later Sabeol 1289: 1258:Later Baekje 1227: 1215: 1195:United Silla 1165: 1152: 1140: 1135:57 BC–935 AD 1130: 1125:18 BC–660 AD 1115:37 BC–668 AD 896: 846:Palaeolithic 554:Succeeded by 553: 548: 270:Confucianism 130: 124:January 2023 121: 111: 104: 97: 90: 78: 66:Please help 61:verification 58: 18:Silla period 6002:Samguk Yusa 5745:"구서당 (九誓幢)" 4975:Translation 4787:Samguk Sagi 4329:Nihon Shoki 4290:Samguk Sagi 4115:Samguk sagi 4111:Samguk yusa 4086:Afghanistan 3924:(632–647). 3906:Bronze Bell 3798:during the 3751:as well as 3498:Fifth Head 3495:Sixth Head 3417:Kim Daegong 3411:, 녹읍, 祿邑). 3163:out of the 3137:, annexing 3014:During the 2970:Samguk Sagi 2919:Samguk Sagi 2870:Nihon Shoki 2794:During the 2558:The modern 2533:Deokupilsin 2508:Samguk Sagi 2330:in 660 and 1605:Politics ( 1577:Family tree 816:History of 642:South Korea 638:North Korea 549:Preceded by 531:• 676 521:• 660 511:• 200 474:Later Silla 400:Legislature 6377:Categories 6290:The Koreas 6256:2017-04-13 6227:2017-04-13 6198:2022-04-17 6157:2021-07-16 6125:2021-07-16 6108:"석굴암과 불국사" 6093:2021-07-16 6060:2008-03-08 5987:2008-03-08 5952:2023-01-13 5819:2008-03-08 5794:2021-07-16 5762:2021-07-16 5730:2021-07-16 5698:2021-07-16 5681:"구진천(仇珍川)" 5666:2010-12-20 5641:2006-08-29 5593:2022-04-17 5540:2021-07-31 5511:2021-07-31 5482:2021-07-31 5453:2021-07-31 5424:2021-11-16 5386:2021-11-22 5335:1249629533 5174:2016-09-25 5137:2019-04-15 5097:2016-09-25 5077:Cho Gab-je 5059:2016-09-25 5023:2016-09-25 4957:2021-11-16 4904:2023-02-04 4874:2008-03-08 4850:2023-12-14 4826:2023-12-14 4635:References 4301:patterns. 4299:zoomorphic 4225:hermitages 4058:See also: 3980:al-Maqrizi 3976:Al-Nuwayri 3949:travelogue 3943:poetry of 3861:Garrison. 3778:) and the 3574:Ilgilchan 3550:Dae-achan 3539:Pajinchan 3506:Ibeolchan 3492:True Bone 3480:See also: 3378:Kim Yu-sin 3351:See also: 3227:, "head"/ 2986:Kim Al-chi 2864:King Munmu 2757:cockatrice 2354:of Silla, 2324:Tang China 2205:Old Korean 2026:Gyeongdeok 1764:Hyeokgeose 1601:Newspapers 876:Bronze Age 501:Population 316:Hyeokgeose 286:Government 227:(literary) 218:Old Korean 94:newspapers 6308:Routledge 5921:0145-840X 5915:: 49–74. 5777:"시득 (施得)" 5580:162712215 5343:cite book 5294:cite book 5261:cite book 5253:899002167 4640:Citations 4558:), Sara ( 4546:), Saro ( 4468:Seokguram 4341:Amaterasu 4318:Silk Road 4229:Seokguram 4131:Malananta 4042:Myocheong 4012:Chachaung 4010:, called 3972:Dimashiki 3968:al-Masudi 3960:Silk Road 3609:Dae-Nama 3241:(網笠), "a 3229:countable 3165:Han River 3116:Pyongyang 2976:(龍成國) or 2892:Meiji era 2890:in 1945, 2856:is being 2668:meaning " 2531:), as in 2370:Etymology 2322:and then 2320:Sui China 2293:Chachaung 2289:Geoseogan 2269:Park clan 2221:Seorabeol 2152:Gyeongsun 2116:Jeonggang 2104:Gyeongmun 2068:Heungdeok 2014:Seongdeok 1914:Jinpyeong 1896:Beopheung 1589:Era names 1539:Geography 1534:Education 1462:1945–1948 1437:1919–1948 1427:1910–1945 1402:1897–1910 1392:1392–1897 1382:1029–1030 856:Neolithic 770:Seorabeol 726:Seorabeol 535:4,500,000 525:1,000,000 389:Gyeongsun 249:Religion 208:Seorabeol 6328:(1984), 6250:Archived 6221:Archived 6192:Archived 6174:(2010). 6151:Archived 6119:Archived 6087:Archived 6039:, pg. 71 5929:23720182 5887:23720182 5813:Archived 5788:Archived 5756:Archived 5724:Archived 5692:Archived 5660:Archived 5635:Archived 5584:Archived 5566:: 1–15. 5534:Archived 5526:"내해 이사금" 5505:Archived 5497:"浦上八國亂" 5476:Archived 5468:"파사 이사금" 5447:Archived 5439:"탈해 이사금" 5418:Archived 5380:Archived 5168:Archived 5091:Archived 5017:Archived 5013:Pressian 4983:Gojoseon 4951:Archived 4893:"신라(新羅)" 4691:al-shila 4653:Lee 1984 4490:See also 4331:and the 4173:Buddhism 4158:Goguryeo 4152:in 384, 4138:Buddhist 4119:Buddhist 4098:Goguryeo 4090:Goguryeo 4054:Buddhism 3922:Seondeok 3823:Goguryeo 3804:Göktürks 3788:Goguryeo 3749:Goguryeo 3738:Military 3725:Buddhism 3703:seonggol 3528:Japchan 3297:(마루) or 3267:(맏이) or 3239:mang-nip 3235:mang-rip 3204:Maripgan 3191:seonggol 3161:Goguryeo 3118:in 427, 3108:Goguryeo 3100:Goguryeo 3073:Maripgan 3058:Goguryeo 3050:Byeonhan 3009:Dabulguk 2952:Gojoseon 2849:template 2842:Koreanic 2838:Jin Midi 2827:Gyeongju 2790:Founding 2774:gyeryong 2722:Solongos 2714:Solo(n)- 2698:Goguryeo 2692:> 솔골 2690:suɾiskol 2682:Solgo(r) 2658:Solongos 2654:Solongos 2635:Solongos 2631:Солонгос 2623:Jurchens 2611:Japanese 2572:Syeobeul 2545:, as in 2485:In 504, 2366:in 935. 2348:Goguryeo 2332:Goguryeo 2308:chiefdom 2301:Maripkan 2258:Goguryeo 2246:Goguryeo 2146:Gyeongae 2122:Jinseong 2110:Heongang 2092:Munseong 2062:Heondeok 2044:Wonseong 2038:Seondeok 2020:Hyoseong 1920:Seondeok 1902:Jinheung 1866:Silseong 1830:Cheomhae 1688:Timeline 1633:Buddhism 1627:Religion 1572:Monarchs 1565:Goguryeo 1554:Military 1549:Language 1529:Currency 1507:By topic 1370:938–1105 1357:918–1392 1111:Goguryeo 1071:Goguryeo 923:Gojoseon 807:a series 805:Part of 586:Gojoseon 435:Buddhism 353:Jinheung 290:Monarchy 263:Buddhism 6282:Sources 6036:3248029 5943:"우리역사넷" 5166:. 신동아. 5160:김, 대성. 4704:Mas'udi 4687:al-sila 4359:Gallery 4337:Susanoo 4294:Iranian 4166:Ichadon 4000:Chuseok 3996:Seollal 3930:hyangga 3865:Culture 3835:capital 3764:Hwarang 3717:Hwabaek 3666:Dae-oh 3585:Sachan 3466:Taebong 3409:nog-eup 3405:jikjeon 3359:Chinese 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