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in Paris with an account book and a letter book dating from Deane's diplomatic mission, apparently stolen from Deane during his illness. Foulloy threatened to sell the books to the
British government if Jefferson did not purchase them—which Jefferson eventually did after negotiating a greatly reduced
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Silas Deane's granddaughter
Philura (Deane) Alden pressed his case before Congress, and his family was eventually paid $ 37,000 in 1841 (more than a million dollars in the early 21st century) for the money owed to him, on the grounds that the previous audit by the Continental Congress was "ex parte,
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Deane married twice, both times to wealthy widows from
Wethersfield. In 1763, he married Mehitable (Nott) Webb after assisting her with the settlement of her first husband's estate. They had one son, Jesse, born in 1764. Mehitable died in 1767. In 1770, Deane married Elizabeth (Saltonstall) Evards,
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in compensation, but Deane refused, believing the amount too small. Deane was allowed to return to Paris in 1780 to settle his affairs and attempt to assemble the records in dispute. On arrival, he discovered that he was nearly ruined financially because the value of his investments had plummeted,
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Deane arrived in
Philadelphia on July 14, 1778, and was shocked when Congress accused him of financial impropriety on the basis of reports by his fellow commissioner Arthur Lee. Because Deane had left his account books in Paris, he was neither able to properly defend himself nor seek reimbursement
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In
October 1781, Deane moved to Ghent where he could live more cheaply than in Paris. Then in March 1783, he moved to London, hoping to find investors for manufacturing ventures that he planned to pursue after he returned to North America. He toured several manufacturing towns in England in late
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In the fall of 1787, Deane became bedridden from an unknown illness and did not fully recover until April 1789. His condition depleted his remaining money and forced him to depend on the charity of friends. In the summer of 1788, a
Frenchman named Foulloy approached
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containing the recall order from
Congress. Lovell only mentioned giving a report to Congress about European affairs, and Deane fully expected to be sent back to Paris within a few months. France sent Deane back home aboard a warship.
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to bribe Deane in an attempt to recruit him as a spy and to influence
Congress. However, in mid-July they cancelled their plan after the king read intercepted letters in which Deane described the military situation of the
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On March 2, 1776, Congress appointed Deane as a secret envoy to France with the mission of inducing the French government to grant financial aid to the colonies. He began negotiating with French
Foreign Minister
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arrived in Paris in
December 1776, with orders from Congress appointing the trio as the diplomatic delegation to France. Deane recruited the services of several foreign soldiers to the cause, including
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charged Deane with financial impropriety, and the British intercepted and published some letters in which he had implied that the American cause was hopeless. After the war, Deane lived in
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December 24, 1737] – September 23, 1789) was an American merchant, politician, and diplomat, and a supporter of American independence. Deane served as a delegate to the
521:. For a variety of reasons, many of the foreign officers were unpopular in America, and many in Congress blamed Deane for their behavior, leading them to recall him on December 8, 1777.
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While a member of Congress, Deane used his influence to obtain a commission in the Continental Army for his stepson Samuel B. Webb, who had accompanied him to
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command. This dispute led the Connecticut legislature to replace Deane as a delegate to Congress; but instead of returning to Connecticut, Deane remained in
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he became ill and died on September 23 while the ship was awaiting repairs after turning back following damage from fierce winds. In 1959, historian
403:; in 1769, he was appointed to the Wethersfield Committee of Correspondence; and from 1774 to 1776, he served as a delegate from Connecticut to the
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suggested that Deane might have been poisoned by Bancroft, because Bancroft might have felt threatened by Deane's possible testimony to Congress.
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In 1789, Deane planned to return to North America in an attempt to recoup his lost fortune and reputation. After boarding the ship
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listing eight ships that had sailed from France with supplies because of his efforts. Congress offered him $ 10,000 in depreciated
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The "Correspondence of Silas Deane, Delegate to the First and Second Congress at Philadelphia, 1774-1776" was published in the
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in New York City. Deane was then accused of treason by his fellow colonists. Rivington may have been a spy as a member of the
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both denounced Deane's accusations as libelous and injurious to the American cause. On January 14, 1779, Deane replied in the
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as soon as he arrived in Paris. Deane organized the shipment of arms and munitions to the colonies with the assistance of
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473:, the playwright and outspoken supporter of American independence. Deane also tacitly approved the plot of Scotsman
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360:. In 1761, Deane was admitted to the bar and practiced law for a short time outside of Hartford before moving to
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as hopeless and suggested a rapprochement with Britain. Deane's correspondence was then forwarded to General
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for money he had spent procuring supplies in France. (While he waited to address Congress, Deane stayed with
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The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Vital Records. Volume 15: Griswold 1815–1848, Groton 1704–1853
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387:. Elizabeth died in 1777 while Silas was in France. Both Mehitable and Elizabeth were buried in the
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Silas Deane and his wife Hannah Barker. The younger Silas was able to obtain a full scholarship to
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The First American Republic 1774–1789: The First Fourteen American Presidents Before Washington
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1450:"The United States of America 1775-1782: Their Political Struggles and Relations with Europe"
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1783, considering plans for steam engines that could operate grist mills, even consulting
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and London and died under mysterious circumstances while attempting to return to America.
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2015:
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414:. Deane excelled in the committee work of Congress, helping to coordinate the attack on
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Unlikely Allies: How a Merchant, a Playwright, and a Spy Saved the American Revolution
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The Founding Conservatives: How a Group of Unsung Heroes Saved the American Revolution
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L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France
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An Address to the Free and Independent Citizens of the United States of North America
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Deane's hometown of Wethersfield, Connecticut, has a Silas Deane Middle School and a
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An Address to the Free and Independent Citizens of the United States of North America
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In a long and bitter dispute over the charges, Deane was defended before Congress by
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1104:. New York: New York Historical Society. 1889. pp. 66–78, 239–244, 280–281.
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Davidson, James West; Lytle, Mark (1992). "The Strange Death of Silas Deane".
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Boyd, Julian P. (1959). "Silas Deane: Death by a Kingly Teacher of Treason?".
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On February 6, 1778, Deane and the other commissioners signed the Treaties of
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The Incendiary: The Misadventures of John the Painter, First Modern Terrorist
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861:. New York: Globe Stationary and Printing Co. – via Internet Archive.
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for advice. He also tried to attract investors for a planned canal linking
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and some ships carrying his merchandise had been captured by the British.
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Institute of Museum and Library Services website dedicated to Silas Deane
659:. In 1784, he published a defense of his actions during the war entitled
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Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut: From Benedict Arnold to Nathan Hale
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The Address of Silas Deane to the Free and Virtuous Citizens of America
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also presented Deane with a portrait framed with diamonds, and both
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and graduated in 1758. In April 1759, he was hired to tutor a young
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The Perils of Peace: America's Struggle for Survival After Yorktown
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568:. He published a public defense in the December 5, 1778, issue of
561:, who had just been appointed military governor of Philadelphia.)
1319:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. pp. 61–69.
1135:. New York: New York Historical Society. 1890. pp. 502–518.
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Reminiscences of Gen'l Samuel B. Webb of the Revolutionary Army
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A dispute arose between Deane and fellow Connecticut delegate
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Samuel Blachley Webb biographical article that mentions Deane
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During this same time period, a ship built in France for the
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Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States
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797:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 109.
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634:, and unbeknownst to Deane, his former secretary in Paris,
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Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
1511:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc.
714:, is named for him. Deane's home in Wethersfield, now the
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16:
American merchant, politician, and diplomat (1737/8–1789)
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Silas Deane, Revolutionary War Diplomat and Politician
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that allied France with the United States during the
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Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
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1148:"James Rivington: King's Printer and Patriot Spy?"
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703:erroneous, and a gross injustice to Silas Deane".
458:Baron de Kalb Introducing Lafayette to Silas Deane
1634:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 989.
1570:Collections of the Connecticut Historical Society
1382:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 68.
811:
492:Deane's position was officially recognized after
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930:
791:Burket, Jeri Lynn; White, Lorraine Cook (2010).
1399:After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection
540:On March 4, 1778, Deane received a letter from
489:, England, on behalf of the Continental cause.
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1401:. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. xxvii–xxxv.
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1282:
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150:September 5, 1774 – October 26, 1774
990:"Silas Deane: Forlorn and Forgotten Patriot"
722:, and opened to the public as a part of the
553:and Franklin wrote letters of commendation.
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1283:Bernardo, Leonard; Weiss, Jennifer (2006).
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2739:Ambassadors of the United States to France
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1608:Jefferson letters about the Foulloy Affair
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582:, and their associates. Arthur's brothers
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1613:Silas Deane Papers, Volume III, 1778–1779
1580:New York Historical Society's Collections
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1454:Narrative and Critical History of America
1313:Baker, Mark Allen (2014). "Silas Deane".
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2719:Continental Congressmen from Connecticut
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336:Deane was born on January 4, 1738 [
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127:May 10, 1775 – January 15, 1776
60:March 2, 1776 – January 4, 1778
1486:Edward Bancroft: Scientist, Author, Spy
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260: 1770; died 1777)
237: 1763; died 1767)
2749:Signers of the Continental Association
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1363:Covart, Elizabeth M. (July 30, 2014).
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1101:The Deane Papers Volume III: 1778–1779
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379:granddaughter of Connecticut Governor
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1132:The Deane Papers Volume IV: 1779–1781
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2724:18th-century Connecticut politicians
2133:Journals of the Continental Congress
1532:. Toronto: McClellan & Stewart.
1490:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
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401:Connecticut House of Representatives
2754:Merchants from colonial Connecticut
2210:United States Ambassadors to France
2159:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
13:
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1369:Journal of the American Revolution
1342:(2–4): 165–187, 310–342, 515–550.
1152:Journal of the American Revolution
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994:Journal of the American Revolution
399:In 1768, Deane was elected to the
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1376:Chorlton, Thomas Patrick (2011).
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389:Old Wethersfield Village Cemetery
2734:People from colonial Connecticut
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2213:
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1365:"Silas Deane, Forgotten Patriot"
988:Dick, Jimmy (October 28, 2013).
718:, has been restored, declared a
2729:People from Groton, Connecticut
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1146:Andrlik, Todd (March 3, 2014).
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1550:, Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. (
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477:(John the Painter) to destroy
1:
1505:Van Vlack, Milton C. (2013).
1467:. New York: Riverhead Books.
1456:. Vol. 7. pp. 1–88.
1306:
48:United States Envoy to France
1592:(6 vols., Washington, 1889).
1482:Schaeper, Thomas J. (2011).
1412:. New York: Harper Collins.
921:Wethersfield, CT, and Onions
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698:in Wethersfield, Connecticut
626:to publish in his newspaper
371:Deane in a 1766 painting by
247:Elizabeth Saltonstall Evards
7:
1461:Paul, Joel Richard (2009).
855:Webb, James Watson (1882).
340:December 24, 1737] in
111:Second Continental Congress
10:
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2118:First Continental Congress
1452:. In Justin Winsor (ed.).
1448:Lowell, Edward J. (1888).
1336:William and Mary Quarterly
720:National Historic Landmark
638:, had been a British spy.
315:American Revolutionary War
205:St. Leonard's Churchyard,
134:First Continental Congress
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2344:Minister Plenipotentiary
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2265:Ministers Plenipotentiary
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1406:Flemming, Thomas (2007).
1289:. NYU Press. p. 63.
807:– via Google Books.
779:Davidson & Lytle 1992
724:Webb-Deane-Stevens Museum
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628:Rivington's Royal Gazette
619:, who provided copies to
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362:Wethersfield, Connecticut
320:Near the end of the war,
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1526:Warren, Jessica (2005).
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606:approved a request from
481:stores and dockyards in
429:over the appointment of
2342:Envoy Extraordinary and
1670:Continental Association
1631:Encyclopædia Britannica
642:After the war and death
536:Accusations in Congress
307:Continental Association
297:(January 4, 1738 [
2744:Yale University alumni
1546:de Langlais, Tugdual,
1433:. New York: Sentinel.
699:
461:
375:
305:, where he signed the
209:, Kent, United Kingdom
1684:President of Congress
1578:, in 5 vols., in the
1427:Lefer, David (2013).
1196:Deane, Silas (1784).
694:
588:Francis Lightfoot Lee
456:
418:and to establish the
383:of the Massachusetts
370:
358:Hartford, Connecticut
332:Early life and family
62:Serving with
2103:Virginia Association
1970:Thomas Johnson, Junr
1625:"Deane, Silas"
712:Ledyard, Connecticut
602:In March 1781, King
596:Continental currency
592:Pennsylvania Packet,
503:Marquis de Lafayette
445:to assist Congress.
405:Continental Congress
395:Continental Congress
303:Continental Congress
92:Position established
81:Continental Congress
2709:Connecticut lawyers
2480:and Plenipotentiary
2073:Christopher Gadsden
2006:Patrick Henry, Junr
1249:, pp. 218–224.
1225:, pp. 216–218.
1186:, pp. 214–216.
1048:, pp. 210–211.
750:was christened the
708:Silas Deane Highway
571:Pennsylvania Packet
471:Pierre Beaumarchais
439:George Washington's
342:Groton, Connecticut
224:Mehitable Nott Webb
1932:The Lower Counties
1862:William Livingston
1743:Robert Treat Paine
730:is named for him.
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657:St. Lawrence River
526:Amity and Commerce
467:Comte de Vergennes
462:
420:United States Navy
385:Saltonstall family
381:Gurdon Saltonstall
376:
311:Treaty of Alliance
180:September 23, 1789
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2561:chargé d'affaires
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2392:chargé d'affaires
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2375:chargé d'affaires
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2321:chargé d'affaires
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2168:
2154:National Archives
2091:
2090:
2016:Benjamin Harrison
2001:George Washington
1996:Richard Henry Lee
1903:Charles Humphreys
1826:Philip Livingston
1721:Massachusetts Bay
1326:978-1-62584-939-7
1273:, pp. 68–69.
1060:, pp. 66–67.
1036:, pp. 67–68.
978:, pp. 58–59.
963:, pp. 84–86.
886:, pp. 41–42.
726:. Dean Street in
716:Silas Deane House
696:Silas Deane House
584:Richard Henry Lee
519:Baron von Steuben
494:Benjamin Franklin
292:
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64:Benjamin Franklin
37:Silas Deane, 1781
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2113:Suffolk Resolves
2108:Fairfax Resolves
2021:Edmund Pendleton
1965:Matthew Tilghman
1712:Nathaniel Folsom
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669:Thomas Jefferson
416:Fort Ticonderoga
373:William Johnston
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159:Personal details
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132:Delegate to the
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109:Delegate to the
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2063:Henry Middleton
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2047:Richard Caswell
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1893:Joseph Galloway
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1759:Stephen Hopkins
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1691:Peyton Randolph
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1586:Francis Wharton
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1563:Further reading
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1008:
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435:major general
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431:Israel Putnam
428:
427:Roger Sherman
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202:Resting place
200:
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196:Great Britain
193:
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172:, Connecticut
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2068:Thomas Lynch
2042:Joseph Hewes
1980:Samuel Chase
1975:William Paca
1886:Pennsylvania
1877:John De Hart
1857:James Kinsey
1841:Simon Boerum
1836:Henry Wisner
1789:
1752:Rhode Island
1733:Samuel Adams
1629:
1589:
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1179:
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1155:. Retrieved
1151:
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742:
710:. A road in
705:
701:
676:
674:
665:
660:
645:
627:
601:
591:
575:
569:
563:
555:
542:James Lovell
539:
523:
491:
475:James Aitken
463:
460:(1879 Print)
457:
443:Philadelphia
424:
412:Philadelphia
409:
398:
377:
335:
319:
294:
293:
145:
122:
98:Succeeded by
76:Appointed by
55:
18:
2704:1789 deaths
2699:1737 births
2348:(1816–1893)
2269:(1778–1815)
2228:(1776–1779)
1949:George Read
1923:George Ross
1918:John Morton
1821:James Duane
1790:Silas Deane
1773:Connecticut
1764:Samuel Ward
1677:Signatories
1582:(1887–1890)
949:Warren 2005
831:Covart 2014
632:Culper Ring
295:Silas Deane
272:Jesse Deane
138:Connecticut
115:Connecticut
88:Preceded by
25:Silas Deane
2693:Categories
2382:Livingston
2306:Livingston
1850:New Jersey
1811:John Alsop
1738:John Adams
1572:, vol. II.
1307:References
1271:Baker 2014
1259:Baker 2014
1202:. London.
1070:Lefer 2013
1058:Baker 2014
1034:Baker 2014
1007:Baker 2014
908:Baker 2014
896:Baker 2014
649:James Watt
608:Lord North
604:George III
580:Lee family
498:Arthur Lee
483:Portsmouth
479:Royal Navy
346:blacksmith
278:Alma mater
184:1789-09-24
103:John Adams
68:Arthur Lee
2658:Stapleton
2628:Galbraith
2501:McCormick
2482:to France
2444:Washburne
2346:to France
2311:Armstrong
2281:Jefferson
2267:to France
2226:to France
1806:Isaac Low
937:Paul 2009
764:Citations
574:entitled
551:Vergennes
547:Louis XVI
146:In office
123:In office
56:In office
2643:Harriman
2588:Houghton
2469:Coolidge
2424:Faulkner
2355:Gallatin
2333:Crawford
2301:Pinckney
2276:Franklin
2235:Franklin
1989:Virginia
1958:Maryland
1816:John Jay
1799:New York
1157:July 30,
728:Brooklyn
655:and the
621:Loyalist
613:Colonies
566:John Jay
530:Alliance
505:, Baron
487:Plymouth
322:Congress
269:Children
2673:McCourt
2668:Hartley
2648:Rohatyn
2633:Rodgers
2623:Hartman
2603:Shriver
2568:Caffery
2546:Bullitt
2531:Herrick
2526:Wallace
2516:Herrick
2434:Bigelow
2316:Russell
2147:Display
2096:Related
1356:1916948
672:price.
528:and of
262:
254:
250:
239:
231:
227:
214:Spouses
182: (
2663:Rivkin
2638:Curley
2608:Watson
2598:Bohlen
2583:Dillon
2541:Straus
2496:Porter
2491:Eustis
2459:McLane
2454:Morton
2429:Dayton
2387:Barton
2370:Harris
2328:Barlow
2296:Monroe
2291:Morris
2241:&
2224:Envoys
1554:
1536:
1515:
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