Sigurd - Knowledge

1058:, Siegfried had to leave his father Siegmund's court for his uncouth behavior and was raised by a smith in the forest. He was so unruly, however, that the smith arranged for him to be killed by a dragon. Siegfried was able to kill the dragon, however, and eventually kills many more by trapping them under logs and setting them on fire. The dragon's skin, described as hard as horn, melts, and Siegfried sticks his finger into it, discovering that his finger is now hard as horn as well. He smears himself with the melted dragon skin everywhere except for one spot. Later, he stumbles upon the trail of another dragon that has kidnapped princess Kriemhild of Worms. With the help of the dwarf Eugel, Siegfried fights the giant Kuperan, who has the key to the mountain Kriemhild has been taken to. He rescues the princess and slays the dragon, finding the treasure of the Nibelungen inside the mountain. Eugel prophesies, however, the Siegfried only has eight years to live. Realizing he will not be able to use the treasure, Siegfried dumps the treasure into the Rhine on his way to Worms. He marries Kriemhild and rules there together with her brothers Gunther, Hagen, and Giselher, but they resent him and have him killed after eight years. 38: 735:, he offers to let Siegfried marry Kriemhild in exchange for Siegfried's help in his wooing of Brünhild. As part of Siegfried's help, they lie to Brünhild and claim that Siegfried is Gunther's vassal. Any wooer of Brünhild's must accomplish various physical tasks, and she will kill any man who fails. Siegfried, using his cloak of invisibility, aids Gunther in each task. Upon their return to Worms, Siegfried marries Kriemhild following Gunther's marriage to Brünhild. On Gunther's wedding night, however, Brünhild prevents him from sleeping with her, tying him up with her belt and hanging him from a hook. The next night, Siegfried uses his cloak of invisibility to overpower Brünhild, allowing Gunther to sleep with her. Although he does not sleep with Brünhild, Siegfried takes her belt and ring, later giving them to Kriemhild. 902:) comes to Bertangenland; he fights against Sigurd for three days. Thidrek is unable to wound Sigurd because of his invulnerable skin, but on the third day, Thidrek receives the sword Mimung, which can cut through Sigurd's skin, and defeats him. Thidrek and Sigurd then ride to King Gunnar (Gunther), where Sigurd marries Gunnar's sister Grimhild (Kriemhild). Sigurd recommends to Gunnar that he marry Brynhild, and the two ride to woo for her. Brynhild now claims that Sigurd had earlier said he would marry her (unmentioned before in the text), but eventually she agrees to marry Gunnar. She will not, however, allow Gunnar to consummate the marriage, and so with Gunnar's agreement, Sigurd takes Gunnar's shape and deflowers Brynhild, taking away her strength. The heroes then return with Brynhild to Gunnar's court. 1530:; queen Grimhild gives him a potion so that he forgets his promise to Brynhild and agrees to marry her daughter Gudrun. Sigurd and Gjuki's sons Gunnar and Högni swear an oath of loyalty to each other and become blood brothers. Meanwhile, Grimhild convinces Gunnar to marry Brynhild, which Brynhild's family agrees to. However, Brynhild will only marry Gunnar if he can cross the wall of fire that surrounds her castle. Gunnar is unable to do this, and Sigurd and Gunnar use a spell taught to them by Grimhild to change shapes. Sigurd then crosses the wall of flames, and Brynhild is astonished that anyone but Sigurd was able to perform this task. Sigurd then lies with Brynhild for three nights with a sword placed between them. Brynhild and Gunnar and Sigurd and Gudrun then marry on the same day. 5230: 46: 1333:, Sigurd accompanies Regin to Gnita-Heath, where he digs a pit. He stabs Fafnir through the heart from underneath when the dragon passes over the pit. Fafnir, before he dies, tells Sigurd some wisdom and warns him of the curse that lays on the hoard. Once the dragon is dead, Regin tears out Fafnir's heart and tells Sigurd to cook it. Sigurd checks whether the heart is done with his finger and burns it. When he puts his finger into his mouth, he can understand the language of the birds, who warn him of Regin's plan to kill him. He kills the smith and is told by the birds to go to a palace surrounded by flames where the 1519: 891:?), where she gives birth to Sigurd. She dies after some time, and Sigurd is suckled by a hind before being found by the smith Mimir. Mimir tries to raise the boy, but Sigurd is so unruly that Mimir sends him to his brother Regin, who has transformed into a dragon, in the hopes that he will kill the boy. Sigurd, however, slays the dragon and tastes its flesh, whereby he learns the language of the birds and of Mimir's treachery. He smears himself with dragon's blood, making his skin invulnerable, and returns to Mimir. Mimir gives him weapons to placate him, but Sigurd kills him anyway. He then encounters 2058: 2046: 1534:

goes to talk to her, the two confess their love for each other and Sigurd proposes divorcing Gudrun to be with Brynhild. Brynhild refuses, and later demands that Gunnar kill Sigurd. Gunnar tells his younger brother Guthorm to kill Sigurd, because he has never sworn loyalty to Sigurd. Guthorm, having eaten wolf's flesh, forces his way into Sigurd's bedchamber and stabs him in the back with his sword. Sigurd manages to kill Guthorm, assures Gudrun that he has always been loyal to Gunnar, and dies. Brynhild commits suicide soon afterwards, and she and Sigurd are both burned on the same pyre.

1733: 618: 1120:. While older scholarship took this to represent the original form of the Sigurd story, newer scholarship is more inclined to see it as a development of the tradition that is unique to Scandinavia. While some elements of the Scandinavian tradition may indeed be older than the surviving continental witnesses, a good deal seems to have been transformed by the context of the Christianization of Iceland and Scandinavia: the frequent appearance of the heathen gods gives the heroic stories the character of an epoch that is irrevocably over. 1776: 1433: 1289:, but are split into three by modern scholars. They likely contain old material, but the poems themselves appear to be relatively recent versions. The poems also mix two conceptions of Sigurd: on the one hand, he is presented as an intelligent royal prince, on the other, he is raised by the smith Regin and is presented as stupid. It is most likely that Sigurd's youth with the smith, his stupidity, and his success through supernatural aid rather than his own cunning is the more original of these conceptions. 1942:

figure, and were only later split into father and son. John McKinnell argues that Sigurd only became the dragon-slayer in the mid-11th century. Hermann Reichert, on the other hand, argues that the two dragon-slayings are originally unrelated: Sigurd kills one when he is young, which represents a sort of heroic initiation, whereas Sigmund kills a dragon when he is old, which cannot be interpreted in this way. In his view, this makes an original connection between or identity of the two slayings unlikely.

1958:, which appears to be a copy of the carving. Both stones depict elements of the story identifiable from the later Norse myths. In both the German and the Scandinavian versions, Sigurd's slaying of the dragon embues him with superhuman abilities. In the Norse sources, Sigurd comes to understand the language of the birds after tasting the dragon's blood and then eating its heart. In the German versions, Siegfried bathes in the dragon's blood, developing a skin that is as hard as horn (Middle High German 662: 670: 780: 1507:. Sigurd asks Regin to make him a sword to kill the dragon, but each sword that Regin makes breaks when Sigurd proofs them against the anvil. Finally, Sigurd has Regin make a new sword out of Sigmund's shattered sword, and with this sword he is able to cut through the smith's anvil. Regin asks Sigurd to retrieve Regin's part of Fafnir's treasure, but Sigurd decides to avenge his father first. With an army he attacks and kills Lyngvi, receiving the help of Odin. 1067: 1171:'s kingdom. There he marries Gjuki's daughter, Gudrun, and helps her brother, Gunnar, to acquire Brynhild's hand from her brother Atli. Sigurd deceives Brynhild by taking Gunnar's shape when Gunnar cannot fulfill the condition that he ride through a wall of flames to wed her; Sigurd rides through the flames and weds Brynhild, but does not sleep with her, placing his sword between them in the marriage bed. Sigurd and Gunnar then return to their own shapes. 58: 739:

should enter first. Brünhild openly accuses Kriemhild of being married to a vassal, and Kriemhild claims that Siegfried took Brünhild's virginity, producing the belt and ring as proof. Although Siegfried denies this publicly, Hagen and Brünhild decide to murder Siegfried, and Gunther acquiesces. Hagen tricks Kriemhild into telling him where Siegfried's skin is vulnerable, and Gunther invites Siegfried to take part in a hunt in the Waskenwald (the

1582:(DgF 3, TSB E 101), Sigurd wins Brynhild on the "glass mountain" and then gives her to his friend Hagen. Brynhild then fights with Sigurd's wife Signild, and Signild shows Brynhild a ring that Brynhild had given Sigurd as a love gift. Brynhild then tells Hagen to kill Sigurd, and Hagen does this by first borrowing Sigurd's sword then killing him with it. He then shows Brynhild Sigurd's head and kills her too when she offers him her love. 528:(2005) argues that, while the story of Sigurd appears to have Merovingian resonances, no connection to any concrete historical figure or event is convincing. As the Merovingian parallels are not exact, other scholars also fail to accept the proposed model. But the Sigurd/Siegfried figure, rather than being based on the Merovingian alone, may be a composite of additional historical personages, e.g., the "Caroliginian Sigifridus" alias 1419:, Sigurd comes to the court of Gjuki and he, Gunnar, and Högni swear friendship to each other. Sigurd marries Gudrun, then acquires Brynhild for Gunnar and does not sleep with her. Brynhild desires Sigurd, however, and when she cannot have him decides to have him killed. Guthorm then slays Sigurd in his bed, but Sigurd kills him before dying. Brynhild then kills herself and asks to be burned on the same pyre as Sigurd. 5103: 583:, the name of the place where Sigurd kills the dragon in the Scandinavian tradition, represents the battlefield for the Teutoburg Forest, modern scholarship generally dismisses a connection between Sigurd and Arminius as tenuous speculation. The idea that Sigurd derives from Arminius nevertheless continues to be promoted outside of the academic sphere, including in popular magazines such as 1859: 1023: 1634: 743:). When Siegfried is slaking his thirst at a spring, Hagen stabs him on the vulnerable part of his back with a spear. Siegfried is mortally wounded but still attacks Hagen, before cursing the Burgundians and dying. Hagen arranges to have Siegfried's corpse thrown outside the door to Kriemhild's bedroom. Kriemhild mourns Siegfried greatly and he is buried in Worms. 1843:, likely from around 1200. It shows numerous scenes from Sigurd's legend: Regin is shown in his smithy, Sigurd fights against and kills the dragon, cooks its heart and sucks his burnt thumb, receives the advice of the birds, kills Regin. The most complete sequence is found in the Vegusdal stave church. In some of the depictions, Sigurd appears beside 1136: 720:) that increases the wearer's strength twelve times. He also tells an unrelated tale about how Siegfried killed a dragon, bathed in its blood, and thereby received skin as hard as horn that makes him invulnerable. Of the features of young Siegfried's adventures, only those that are directly relevant to the rest of the story are mentioned. 1483:, Sigurd is the posthumous son of King Sigmund and Hjordis. He died fighting Lyngvi, a rival for Hjordis's hand. Hjordis was left alone on the battlefield where Sigmund died, and was found there by King Alf, who married her and took Sigmund's shattered sword. She gave birth to Sigurd soon afterwards, who was raised by the smith 1313:, Ótr's brother, guards the treasure now and has turned into a dragon. Regin wants Sigurd to kill the dragon. He makes the sword Gram for Sigurd, but Sigurd chooses to kill Lyngvi and the other sons of Hunding before he kills the dragon. On his way he is accompanied by Odin. After killing the brothers in battle and carving a 800:, and so she invites him and twelve of his warriors to fight her twelve champions. When the fight is finally meant to begin, Dietrich initially refuses to fight Siegfried on the grounds that the dragon's blood has made Siegfried's skin invulnerable. Dietrich is convinced to fight Siegfried by the false news that his mentor 1515:. Sigurd does all of this, coming to where Brynhild lies asleep in a ring of shields and wearing armor that seems to have grown to her skin. Sigurd cuts the armor off her, waking Brynhild. Brynhild and Sigurd promise to marry each other, repeating their promise also at the court of Brynhild's brother-in-law Heimir. 1873:

It is difficult to trace the development of the traditions surrounding Sigurd. If the theory that he has his origins in Sigebert I is correct, then the earliest part of the tradition would be his murder as the result of a feud between two women, in real life between his wife Brunhild of Austrasia and

1766:

Three further depictions come from Gästrikland, the Årsund runestone, the Ockelbo runestone, which has been lost, and the Öster-Färnebo runestone. Sigurd is depicted stabbing Fafnir so that his sword takes the appearance of a u-rune. Other scenes on the runestones cannot be identified with the Sigurd

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he will receive a potion that will make him forget his promise and marry Gudrun. He will then acquire Brynhild as a wife for Gunnar and sleep with Brynhild without having sex with her. Brynhild will recognize the deception, however, and claim that Sigurd did sleep with her, and this will cause Gunnar

1162:

Sigurd is raised at the court of king Hjálprek, receives the sword Gram from the smith Regin, and slays the dragon Fafnir on Gnita-Heath by lying in a pit and stabbing it in the heart from underneath. Sigurd tastes the dragon's blood and understands the birds when they say that Regin will kill him in

909:

The author of the saga has made a number of changes to create a more or less coherent story out of the many oral and possibly written sources that he used to create the saga. The author mentions alternative Scandinavian versions of many of these same tales, and appears to have changed some details to

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Originally, modern reception of Siegfried in Germany was dominated by a sentimental view of the figure, shown in the many paintings and images produced in this time depicting Siegfried taking leave from Kriemhild, the first encounter of Siegfried and Kriemhild, their wedding, etc. A nationalist tone

1969:

does not even mention Sigurd's acquiring the hoard. In the Norse tradition, the two events are combined and Sigurd's awakening of Brunhild and avenging of his father are also mentioned, though not in all sources. It is likely that the Norse tradition has substantially reworked the events of Sigurd's

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locate Sigurd's childhood in the forest and show him to be unaware of his parentage. Catalin Taranu argues that Sigurd only became Sigmund's son to provide the orphan Sigurd with a suitable heroic past. This may have occurred via the story that Sigurd has to avenge his father's death at the hands of

1811:

may depict Sigurd stabbing Fafnir through the belly as well as his horse Grani. It is one of the few monuments on the British Isles that does not appear to have been influenced by Christianity. The nearby Halton cross appears to depict Regin forging Sigurd's sword and Sigurd roasting Fafnir's heart,

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is preserved. The poem begins with Högni and Gunnar discussing whether Sigurd needs to be murdered. Högni suggests that Brynhild may be lying that Sigurd slept with Brynhild. Then Guthorm, Gunnar and Högni's younger brother, murders Sigurd in the forest, after which Brynhild admits that Sigurd never

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One day, Gudrun and Brynhild fight while bathing in the river over which of them has married the noblest man, and Gudrun tells Brynhild how she was tricked and shows her a ring that Sigurd had taken from her on her first night of marriage as proof. Brynhild is furious and wants revenge. When Sigurd

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Then Sigurd heads to Gnita-Heath to kill the dragon, hiding in a pit that Fafnir will travel over. Sigurd stabs Fafnir through the heart from underneath, killing him. Regin then appears, drinks some of the dragon's blood, and tells Sigurd to cook its heart. Sigurd tests with his finger whether the

1200:

appears to have been compiled around 1270 in Iceland, and assembles mythological and heroic songs of various ages. The story of Sigurd forms the core of the heroic poems collected here. However, the details of Sigurd's life and death in the various poems contradict each other, so that "the story of

999:

The Heldenbuch-Prosa has very little to say about Siegfried: it notes that he was the son of King Siegmund, came from "Niederland", and was married to Kriemhild. Unattested in any other source, however, is that Kriemhild orchestrated the disaster at Etzel's court in order to avenge Siegfried being

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Siegfried and Kriemhild have a son, whom they name Gunther. Later, Brünhild and Kriemhild begin to fight over which of them should have precedence, with Brünhild believing that Kriemhild is only the wife of a vassal. Finally, in front of the door of the cathedral in Worms, the two queens argue who

1941:

Sigmund is said to have slain a dragon and won a hoard. This may be a minor variant of the Sigurd story, or it is possible that the original dragon slayer was Sigmund, and the story was transferred from father to son. Alternatively, it is possible that Sigurd and Sigmund were originally the same

1694:

There are a number of proposed or confirmed depictions of Sigurd's youthful adventures in Scandinavia and on the British Isles in areas under Norse influence or control. Many of the oldest depictions are very unclear however, and their depiction of the Sigurd legend is often disputed. Attempts to

905:

Sometime later, Grimhild and Brynhild fight over who has a higher rank. Brynhild claims that Sigurd is not of noble birth, after which Grimhild announces that Sigurd and not Gunnar deflowered Brynhild. Brynhild convinces Gunnar and Högni (Hagen) to murder Sigurd, which Högni does while Sigurd is

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veryone said that no man now living or ever after would be born who would be equal to him in strength, courage, and in all sorts of courtesy, as well as in boldness and generosity that he had above all men, and that his name would never perish in the German tongue, and the same was true with the

1353:, Sigurd rides to Hindarfjal, where he finds a wall made of shields. Inside he finds a sleeping woman who is wearing armor that seems to have grown into her skin. Sigurd cuts open the armor and Sigdrifa, the valkyrie, wakes up. She teaches him the runes, some magic spells, and gives him advice. 1204:

Generally, none of the poems are thought to have been composed before 900 and some appear to have been written in the 13th century. It is also possible that apparently old poems have been written in an archaicizing style and that apparently recent poems are reworkings of older material, so that

2033:(c. 1200); the combination appears to be older, but it is difficult to say by how much. In the German tradition, this connection led to the change of the role of Sigurd's widow from avenger of her brothers to avenger of her husband on her brothers, again, sometime before the composition of the 2162:

in his political testament. Nazi propaganda came to use Siegfried "to symbolize the qualities of healthy and virile German men." Siegfried's murder by Hagen was further used to illustrate Nazi racial theories about the inherent evilness of certain "non-German" races, to which Hagen, typically

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is dead and becomes so enraged that he begins to breathe fire, melting Siegfried's protective layer of horn on his skin. He is thus able to penetrate Siegfried's skin with his sword, and Siegfried becomes so afraid that he flees to Kriemhild's lap. Only the reappearance of Hildebrand prevents

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The majority of the Scandinavian material about Sigurd remained better known through the early modern period to the 19th century due to the so-called "Scandinavian Renaissance", which resulted in knowledge of Eddic poems influencing the popular ballads about Sigurd in Scandinavian folklore.

1827:, and a lost fragment from Kirby Hill that is preserved only as a drawing. The first two attestations depict Sigurd with his finger in his mouth while cooking Fafnir's heart, while the third may depict Fafnir with a sword in his heart. There is also a badly worn gravestone from 1923:, attested as Sigurd's father in both the continental and Scandinavian traditions, has been interpreted in various ways. Notably, references to Sigurd in Scandinavia can only be dated to the 11th-century, while references to Sigmund in Scandinavia and England, including in 1364: 1231:

is a short prose text between the songs. Sigurd is born at the end of the poem; he is the posthumous son of Sigmund, who dies fighting the sons of Hunding, and Hjordis. Hjordis is married to the son of Hjálprek and allowed to raise Sigurd in Hjálprek's home.

1756:, the Ramsund carving and the Gök runestone, which appears to be a copy of the former. The stones depict Sigurd killing Fafnir, Regin's headless body surrounded by his smithing tools, Sigurd cooking Fafnir's heart, and the birds advising Sigurd above Grani. 1394:

is a short prose text between the songs. The text mentions that, although the previous song said that Sigurd was killed in the forest, other songs say he was murdered in bed. German songs say that he was killed in the forest, but the next song in the codex,

1183:. Guthorm stabs Sigurd in his sleep, but Sigurd is able to slice Guthorm in half by throwing his sword before dying. Guthorm has also killed Sigurd's three-year-old son Sigmund. Brynhild then kills herself and is burned on the same pyre as Sigurd. 1108:) was buried in the cemetery of St. Meinhard and St. Cecilia. Frederick ordered the graveyard dug up—according to one Latin source, he found nothing, but a German chronicle reports that he found a skull and some bones that were larger than normal. 1178:

and young Sigmund. Later, Brynhild and Gudrun quarrel and Gudrun reveals that Sigurd was the one who rode through the fire, and shows a ring that Sigurd took from Brynhild as proof. Brynhild then arranges to have Sigurd killed by Gunnar's brother

202:. Wagner relied heavily on the Norse tradition in creating his version of Siegfried. His depiction of the hero has influenced many subsequent depictions. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Siegfried became heavily associated with German nationalism. 1511:

heart is done and burns himself; he sticks his finger in his mouth and can understand the language of the birds. The birds tell him that Regin plans to kill Sigurd and that he would be wiser to kill Regin first and then take the hoard and go to

1886:. The earliest attested tradition about Sigurd is his slaying of a dragon, however, which supports the notion that he may have a purely mythological origin, or that he represents the combination of a mythological figure with a historical one. 1904:, represents an old common tradition, or whether it is a development unique to the Scandinavian material. Anglo-Saxon, Frankish, and other West Germanic royal genealogies often begin with Wodan or some other mythical ancestor such as 1709:

Surviving depictions of Sigurd are frequently found in churches or on crosses; this is likely because Sigurd's defeat of the dragon was seen as prefiguring Christ's defeat of Satan. It is also possible that he was identified with the

2111:, who was already established as a national hero in Germany since the 16th century. The Norse tradition about Sigurd, which was considered to be more "original" and Germanic, in many ways replaced direct engagement with the German 1574:

E 49), Sigurd kills his stepfather and rides, with great difficulty, the unbroken horse Gram to his uncle in Bern. In one variant, the ballad ends when Sigurd falls from the horse and dies after jumping over the city walls.

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is based on a lost Eddic poem. The Faroese ballads include Sigurd's slaying of the dragon and acquiring of the hoard, his wooing of Gudrun and Brynhild, and his death. They were not recorded until the end of the 18th century.

125:. His slaying of a dragon and possession of the hoard of the Nibelungen is also common to both traditions. In other respects, however, the two traditions appear to diverge. The most important works to feature Sigurd are the 592:

It has also been suggested by others that Sigurd may be a purely mythological figure without a historical origin. Nineteenth-century scholars frequently derived the Sigurd story from myths about Germanic deities including

1803:

depict Sigurd stabbing Fafnir from underneath. The crosses also depict the cooking of Fafnir's heart, Sigurd receiving advice from the birds, and potentially his horse Grani. These crosses possibly date to around 1000.

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rather than Worms. It is also mentioned that he was buried in a marble sarcophagus—this may be connected to actual marble sarcophagi that were displayed in the abbey, having been dug up following a fire in 1090.

951:. In this context, it also features a fight between Siegfried and Dietrich in which Dietrich defeats Siegfried after initially appearing cowardly. The text also features a fight between Siegfried and the hero 1123:

Although the earliest attestations for the Scandinavian tradition are pictorial depictions, because these images can only be understood with a knowledge of the stories they depict, they are listed last here.

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seems to indicate that Siegfried and Brünhild already know each other. This is not entirely clear, however. It is possible that Siegfried's rescue of Kriemhild (rather than Brünhild) in the late-medieval

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from her. Grípir does not want to tell Sigurd any more, but Sigurd forces him to continue. He says that Sigurd will go to the home of Heimer and betroth himself to Brynhild, but then at the court of King

1542:

The Scandinavian Sigurd tradition lived on in a number of ballads, attested from across the Nordic area. They often have very little in common with the original traditions, only using names found there.

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in 2009. The book comprises two narrative poems: "The new lay of the Volsungs" and "The new lay of Gudrun". They are in Modern English, but the meter is that of ancient Scandinavian alliterative poetry.

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177, TSB E 50) tells of Sigurd's selection of the horse Grani and his ride to Greip (Grípir). Although the ballad has many archaic features, it is first recorded in the middle of the 19th century.

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youth. Sigurd's liberation of a virgin woman, Brynhild/Brünhild, is only told in Scandinavian sources, but may be an original part of the oral tradition along with the slaying of the dragon, since the

2095:, the latter of which was still printed in the 19th century. The prose version was popular enough that in 1660 a sequel was written about Siegfried's son with "Florigunda" (Kriemhild), Löwhardus. The 1151:

is the earliest non-pictorial attestation of the Scandinavian version of Sigurd's life, dating to around 1220. Snorri retells the story of Sigurd in several chapters of the section of the poem called

796:(c. 1250), Siegfried is betrothed to Kriemhild and is one of the twelve heroes who defends her rose garden in Worms. Kriemhild decides that she would like to test Siegfried's mettle against the hero 487:

Unlike many figures of Germanic heroic tradition, Sigurd cannot be easily identified with a historical figure. The most popular theory is that Sigurd has his origins in one or several figures of the

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match the stories known by his Scandinavian audience. This is true in particular for the story of Sigurd's youth, which combines elements from the Norse and continental traditions attested later in

887:) and queen Sisibe of Spain. When Sigmund returns from a campaign one day, he discovers his wife is pregnant, and believing her to be unfaithful to him, he exiles her to the "Swabian Forest" (the 7911: 1593:'s warrior Humlung. Sigurd defeats Humlung, but discovering that Humlung is his relative allows himself to be tied to an oak tree so that Humlung can claim to have defeated him. When Vidrek ( 1159:(see below), but is considerably shorter. This version does not mention Sigurd's vengeance for the death of his father. The text identifies Sigurd as being raised in a place called "Thjod." 6360: 1462:

is dated to sometime in the second half of the 13th century. The saga changes the geographic location of Sigurd's life from Germany to Scandinavia. The saga is connected to a second saga,

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Sigurd's killing of Fafnir can be iconographically identified by his killing of the dragon from below, in contrast to other depictions of warriors fighting dragons and other monsters.

1669:. The original form of the ballads likely dates to the 14th century, though it is clear that many variants have been influenced by the Danish ballads. The Faroese ballads include 7884: 6350: 5446: 2218: 1621: 383:

in the 7th century and become frequent in Anglo-Saxon England in the 9th century. Jan-Dirk Müller argues that this late date of attestation means that it is possible that

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of Diebolt von Hanowe and afterwards contained in printings until 1590, is considered one of the most important attestations of a continued oral tradition outside of the

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Numerous Norwegian churches from the late twelfth and early 13th centuries depict scenes from the Sigurd story on their front portals. The most famous of these is the

1248:, Sigurd goes to Grípir, his uncle on his mother's side, in order to hear a prophecy about his life. Grípir tells Sigurd that he will kill Hunding's sons, the dragon 2140:"reuniting" the German nation. Numerous paintings, monuments, and fountains of Siegfried date from this time period. Following the defeat of imperial Germany in the 448:

Reichert, on the other hand, notes that Scandinavian figures who are attested in pre-12th-century German, English, and Irish sources as having names equivalent to

1908:, meaning that it is certainly possible that Sigurd's divine descent is an old tradition. Wolfgang Haubrichs notes that the genealogy of the Anglo-Saxon kings of 5229: 545:(1830) had also believed Siegfried to be an amalgamation of several historical figures, and was the first to suggest possible connection with the Germanic hero 1929:, can be dated earlier. It is possible that Sigmund's parentage is a later development, as the Scandinavian tradition and the German tradition represented by 1454:

fairly closely, although there is no indication that the author knew the other text. The author appears to have been working in Norway and to have known the

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order to acquire the dragon's gold. He then kills Regin and takes the hoard of the Nibelungen for himself. He rides away with the hoard and then awakens the

109:—and who was later murdered. In both the Norse and continental Germanic tradition, Sigurd is portrayed as dying as the result of a quarrel between his wife ( 8958: 6330: 1305:, the smith Regin, who is staying at the court of Hjálprek, tells Sigurd of a hoard that the gods had had to assemble in order to compensate the family of 7823: 6325: 5502: 1831:

that appears to show Regin after having been beheaded and Sigurd with his thumb in his mouth, along with possibly Grani, the fire, and the slain Fafnir.

558: 515:. If this theory is correct, then in the legend, Fredegunda and Brunhilda appear to have switched roles, while Chilperic has been replaced with Gunther. 6345: 6340: 6335: 6320: 6315: 6310: 812:, where the two are never formally betrothed. The detail that Kriemhild's father is named Gibich rather than Dancrat, the latter being his name in the 37: 2166:

Outside of Germany and Scandinavia, most of the reception of Sigurd has been mediated through, or at least influenced by, his depiction in Wagner's

2107:

and attempt to make Siegfried into a national icon and symbol was nevertheless already present in attempts to connect Siegfried to the historical

5480: 645:

identifies "Niederland" with the area around Worms but describes it as a separate kingdom from King Gibich's land (i.e. the Burgundian kingdom).

518: 1555:) feature Sigurd (known as Sivard); some also exist in Swedish variants. These ballads appear to have had both Scandinavian and German sources. 4838:

Das Nibelungenlied und die Klage. Nach der Handschrift 857 der Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen. Mittelhochdeutscher Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar

1571: 573: 146: 6305: 4667:

Arminius und die Deutschen : Dokumentation der Tagung zur Arminiusrezeption am 1. August 2009 im Rahmen der Nibelungenfestspiele Worms

1807:

There are also a number of depictions from England, likely dating from the period of Norse rule between 1016 and 1042. In Lancashire, the

568:(1837) asserted outright that Sigurd/Siegfried was a mythologized version of Arminius. Although this position was taken more recently by 5125: 1000:

killed by Dietrich von Bern. According to the Heldenbuch-Prosa, Dietrich killed Siegfried fighting in the rose garden at Worms (see the

507:, is often cited as a likely inspiration for the figure, a theory that was first proposed in 1613. Sigibert was murdered by his brother 8973: 6300: 4993:

Reichert, Hermann (2008). "Zum Namen des Drachentöters. Siegfried – Sigurd – Sigmund – Ragnar". In Ludwig, Uwe; Schilp, Thomas (eds.).

460:, on the other hand, do not appear in pre-11th-century non-Scandinavian sources, and older Scandinavian sources sometimes call persons 256:, meaning protection. Although they do not share the same second element, it is clear that surviving Scandinavian written sources held 955:, in which Siegfried knocks Heime's famous sword Nagelring out of his hand, after which both armies fight for control over the sword. 685:

gives two contradictory descriptions of Siegfried's youth. On the level of the main story, Siegfried is given a courtly upbringing in

7891: 7365: 1381:

The poem shows the influence of continental Germanic traditions, as it portrays Sigurd's death in the forest rather than in his bed.

5794: 5724: 958:

The text also relates that Dietrich once brought Siegfried to Etzel's court as a hostage, something which is also alluded to in the

7575: 1982:

The origin of the hoard as a cursed ransom paid by the gods is generally taken to be a late and uniquely Scandinavian development.

1965:

In the continental sources, Sigurd's winning of the hoard of the Nibelungen and slaying of the dragon are two separate events; the

754:, with the narrator claiming that one can still visit the spring where he was killed near the village of Odenheim (today part of 1082:, he was shown the place where Sigurd slew the dragon (called Gnita-Heath in the Norse tradition) between two villages south of 283:

element contracted. This form of the name had been common even outside of heroic poetry since the 9th century, though the form

605:; such derivations are no longer generally accepted. Catalin Taranu argues that Sigurd's slaying of the dragon ultimately has 6763: 6200: 5002: 4983: 4955: 4936: 4917: 4898: 4845: 4743:

Haubrichs, Wolfgang (2000). ""Sigi"-Namen und Nibelungensage". In Chinca, Mark; Heinzle, Joachim; Young, Christopher (eds.).

4714: 4695: 4674: 3376: 2144:, Siegfried's murder by Hagen was extensively used in right-wing propaganda that claimed that leftist German politicians had 2132:(1871), the German view of Siegfried became more nationalistic: Siegfried was seen as an identifying epic figure for the new 1985:

Also attested on the Ramsund Carving, and thus at an early date, is that Sigurd was raised by a smith. While absent in the

1703:(the "Norman Sigurd"), and in northern Germany have all been refuted. There are also no confirmed depictions from Denmark. 704:

narrates a different story of Siegfried's youth: according to Hagen, Siegfried was a wandering warrior (Middle High German

673:"Siegfriedsbrunnen" in Odenheim: one of several purported localizations of the place of Siegfried's murder in the Odenwald. 5884: 5155: 1597:) doesn't believe Humlung and goes to check, Sigurd rips the oak tree from the ground and walks home with it on his back. 1093:) is mentioned as a popular story that the German courtly public enjoys hearing, along with "the hoard of the Nibelungs" ( 8988: 6637: 5473: 4927:

McKinnell, John (2015). "The Sigmundr / Sigurðr Story in an Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norse Context". In Mundal, Else (ed.).

8963: 7537: 7277: 7159: 629:

around 1200. The German tradition strongly associates Siegfried with a kingdom called "Niederland" (Middle High German

314:

is not attested frequently until the 17th century, after which it becomes more common. In modern scholarship, the form

5425: 4707:

Catalogue of Persons Named in German Heroic Literature, 700-1600: Including Named Animals and Objects and Ethnic Names

2279: 1070:

Fresco of the heroes Dietrich von Bern, Siegfried, and Dietleib. Runkelstein Castle, near Bozen, South Tyrol, c. 1400.

7796: 6458: 6453: 6182: 5064: 4877: 4803: 4784: 4752: 4573: 2238: 1590: 1101: 5073:

Uspenskij, Fjodor. 2012. The Talk of the Tits: Some Notes on the Death of Sigurðr Fáfnisbani in Norna Gests þáttr.

1116:

In contrast to the surviving continental traditions, Scandinavian stories about Sigurd have a strong connection to

1075: 2777:, p. 4: "Seifrid ein kúnig auß nyderland / des was das land vmbe wurms. vnd lag nache bey kúnig Gibich lant". 1715: 5466: 554: 177: 6707: 1035: 1017: 750:

C makes several small changes to localizations in the text: Siegfried is not killed in the Vosges, but in the

8983: 7804: 4887:

Lee, Christina (2007). "Children of Darkness: Arminius/Siegfried in Germany". In Glosecki, Stephen O. (ed.).

2129: 1415: 609:

origins, and that this story later became attached to the story of the murder of the Merovingian Sigebert I.

164:, dating from the 11th century. It is possible that he was inspired by one or more figures from the Frankish 62: 8852: 1650: 8018: 7568: 2125:(1874). Wagner's portrayal of Siegfried was to influence the modern public's view of the figure immensely. 41:

The death of Siegfried. Hagen stands to the right of Siegfried with a bow. From the Hundeshagenscher Kodex.

1446:

is the most detailed account of Sigurd's life in either the German or Scandinavian traditions besides the

8993: 8880: 7320: 2013:

it is generally believed that Sigurd was not originally connected to the story of the destruction of the

1567: 1464: 5784: 1227: 979: 973: 906:

drinking from a spring on a hunt. The brothers then place his corpse in Grimhild's bed, and she mourns.

852:(c. 1250) is written in Old Norse, the majority of the material is translated from German (particularly 642: 425:) from which both names could have arisen. As a second possibility, Haubrichs considers the option that 45: 8968: 7487: 7477: 5874: 5107: 4665:

Gallé, Volker (2011). "Arminius und Siegfried – Die Geschichte eines Irrwegs". In Gallé, Volker (ed.).

1763:, the Drävle runestone and a copy of it, the Storja Ramsjö runestone. Both show Sigurd killing Fafnir. 1373: 8638: 7693: 6585: 5992: 1995: 1006:

section above). This may have been another version of Siegfried's death that was in oral circulation.

17: 8978: 6642: 6485: 5754: 4628:

Fichtner, Edward G. (Fall 2015). "Constructing Sigfrid: History and Legend in the Making of a Hero".

1563: 1487:

at the court of King Hjalprek. One day Regin tells Sigurd the story of a hoard guarded by the dragon

550: 8948: 8715: 7640: 6717: 403:. According to the normal phonetic principles, the Germanic name would have become Romance-language 8484: 7877: 6510: 5511: 4832:(Facsimile edition of the first printed Heldenbuch (volume 1), together with commentary (volume 2)) 1273:

The poem is likely fairly young and seems to have been written to connect the previous poems about

820:

does include some old traditions absent in that poem, although it is still highly dependent on the

426: 145:. He also appears in numerous other works from both Germany and Scandinavia, including a series of 8540: 6595: 5148: 8596: 7725: 7561: 7422: 7040: 6622: 6590: 6530: 6505: 5704: 2188: 2121: 1850:

There are also two older stone carvings from Norwegian churches depicting Sigurd killing Fafnir.

1518: 1043:

that gives an account of Siegfried's adventures in his youth. It agrees in many details with the

529: 31: 4888: 8953: 8838: 8498: 6292: 5199: 2057: 504: 102: 6210: 3366: 8887: 8694: 8456: 7788: 7707: 7272: 7245: 7177: 5432: 3756: 2145: 1840: 1824: 1089:

In a song of the mid-13th-century wandering lyric poet Der Marner, "the death of Siegfried" (

939: 932: 713: 7167: 6734: 6525: 2045: 8778: 8652: 8533: 8526: 8512: 7753: 7700: 7635: 7482: 2206: 2079: 1732: 1633: 1104:

visited the city in 1488, he learned that the townspeople said that the "giant Siegfried" (

792: 774: 606: 563: 540: 197: 8617: 4857:

Siegfried, Arminius und die Symbolik: mit einem historischen Anhang über die Varusschlacht

1604:(DgF 9, TSB E 158), Sigurd (here as Syfred) is said to have been killed by a dragon; 723:

In order to win the hand of Kriemhild, Siegfried becomes a friend of the Burgundian kings

8: 8785: 8757: 8417: 8179: 6839: 6647: 6240: 5734: 5616: 5211: 4684:

Gentry, Francis G.; McConnell, Winder; Müller, Ulrich; Wunderlich, Werner, eds. (2011) .

2284: 2159: 1051:, suggesting that these details existed in an oral tradition about Siegfried in Germany. 488: 295: 165: 6381: 5141: 4725: 1637:

Sigurd (Sjúrður) jumps over the wall of flame on Grani. Faroese postage stamp from 1998.

8792: 8708: 8624: 8610: 7335: 7055: 6077: 5489: 5274: 4653: 4645: 4616: 1274: 1117: 947:

and the heroes of the cycle around Dietrich von Bern, something likely inspired by the

617: 388: 92: 73: 8144: 7997: 6535: 6152: 6137: 5977: 5119: 8820: 8764: 8631: 8491: 8109: 7746: 7625: 7542: 7532: 7391: 7355: 7182: 6744: 6147: 5541: 5419: 5192: 5060: 5034:

Taranu, Catalin (2015). "Who Was the Original Dragon-slayer of the Nibelung Cycle?".

4998: 4979: 4951: 4932: 4913: 4894: 4873: 4841: 4799: 4780: 4748: 4710: 4691: 4670: 4657: 4620: 4569: 3372: 2307: 2194: 2137: 1711: 1349: 899: 841: 797: 207: 189: 7105: 7070: 7065: 7005: 5586: 3761:(in Danish). Vol. 1. Samfundet til den Danske Literaturs Fremme. pp. 82–83 895:(Brünhild), who gives him the horse Grane, and goes to King Isung of Bertangenland. 8771: 8673: 8470: 8449: 8298: 8046: 8032: 7850: 6975: 6475: 6235: 6092: 6027: 5516: 5458: 5413: 5396: 5043: 4637: 4608: 4325: 2756: 2274: 1812:

sucking his thumb. The iconography of these depictions resembles that found on the

1775: 1752:

which can be tentatively dated to the 11th century. The earliest of these are from

1658: 1400: 1148: 848: 709: 523: 396: 342: 240:, meaning victory. The second elements of the two names are different, however: in 50: 8319: 7686: 7262: 6783: 6652: 6520: 5917: 5674: 5218: 5165: 3128: 3068: 1955: 1900: 1442: 1432: 578: 135: 8919: 8901: 8589: 8256: 8214: 7900: 7672: 7472: 6680: 6428: 5493: 5186: 4685: 3752: 3629: 3627: 2252: 2141: 2136:

and his reforging of his father's sword in the Nordic tradition was equated with

1951: 1937:

The Old English tradition of Sigemund (Sigmund) complicates things even more: in

1863: 1820: 1808: 1605: 334: 172:

being the most popular contender. Older scholarship sometimes connected him with

8722: 8396: 8389: 8088: 8025: 7110: 6960: 6632: 4796:

Heroic legends of the North: an introduction to the Nibelung and Dietrich cycles

3080: 1753: 8926: 8866: 8859: 8845: 8729: 8582: 8568: 8305: 8263: 8060: 7934: 7780: 7762: 7610: 7585: 7396: 7250: 7025: 6803: 6778: 6687: 6270: 6157: 6107: 6097: 6022: 5439: 5269: 4865: 4525: 4501: 4277: 4265: 4241: 2355: 2315: 2302: 2267: 2261: 2231: 2213: 2180: 2116: 2074: 2066: 1819:

In Yorkshire, there are at least three further depictions: a cross fragment at

1469: 1329: 1244: 856:) oral tales, as well as possibly some from German written sources such as the 701: 690: 680: 656: 372:

There are competing theories as to which name is original. Names equivalent to

234: 183: 128: 7739: 7133: 7128: 6617: 5656: 5047: 4995:

Nomen et fraternitas : Festschrift für Dieter Geuenich zum 65. Geburtstag

4583: 4548: 3624: 3540: 2200: 830:. Rosengarten A mentions that Siegfried was raised by a smith named Eckerich. 661: 569: 8942: 8743: 8701: 8200: 8186: 7732: 7386: 7381: 7330: 7315: 7257: 7205: 7085: 7080: 7015: 7010: 6930: 6920: 6819: 6793: 6702: 6376: 6132: 5967: 5837: 5789: 5205: 5114: 3362: 3263: 2455: 2133: 1844: 1727: 1642: 161: 8873: 8750: 7350: 7090: 7050: 7020: 6985: 6955: 6788: 6727: 6627: 6605: 6515: 6463: 5997: 5799: 5075:

The Retrospective Methods Network (RMN) Newsletter: Approaching Methodology.

1039:(the song of horn-skinned Siegfried) is a late medieval/early modern heroic 943:(between 1250 and 1300) features a war between the Burgundian heroes of the 669: 8813: 8799: 8687: 8431: 8340: 8053: 7172: 6500: 5987: 5932: 5571: 2346: 2226: 2149: 2062: 1828: 1788: 888: 884: 826: 689:

by his father king Siegmund and mother Sieglind. When he is seen coming to

288: 7976: 7075: 7035: 6915: 6900: 6540: 6421: 6255: 6245: 6017: 5355: 5314: 2354:, a similarly invulnerable warrior with a single mortal weakness from the 2341:, a similarly invulnerable warrior with a single mortal weakness from the 2115:, and was highly influential in the conception of the Siegfried figure in 2009: 1741: 1301: 914:, but also contains an otherwise unattested story of Siegfried's parents. 879:. He is the son of king Sigmund of Tarlungaland (probably a corruption of 755: 8680: 8424: 8354: 8326: 8270: 8207: 8116: 8067: 7679: 7340: 7310: 7220: 7060: 6990: 6970: 6950: 6925: 6854: 6844: 5942: 5869: 5651: 5591: 5386: 4813:

Heinrichs, Heinrich Matthias (1955–1956). "Sivrit – Gernot – Kriemhilt".

4612: 2184: 2014: 1813: 1784: 1314: 1196: 1026:

Siegfried fights the dragon to rescue Kriemhild. Early modern woodcut of

779: 727:, Gernot, and Giselher. When Gunther decides to woo the warlike queen of 694: 634: 585: 508: 377: 141: 118: 8347: 7401: 7187: 7030: 6386: 6072: 5947: 5937: 5902: 5082: 5013: 4763: 4649: 4641: 4587: 4552: 2002: 1696: 1337:

Sigdrifa is asleep. Sigurd heads there, loading the hoard on his horse.

1066: 732: 407:, a form which could also represent a Romance-language form of Germanic 8603: 8561: 8519: 8368: 8333: 8284: 8277: 8249: 8158: 8123: 8011: 8004: 7969: 7842: 7630: 7507: 7227: 7123: 6995: 6940: 6895: 6875: 6749: 6391: 5982: 5391: 2351: 2338: 2332: 2297: 2248: 2154: 1180: 1144: 1079: 984: 853: 801: 625:

Continental Germanic traditions about Siegfried enter writing with the

535: 512: 500: 495:: the Merovingians had several kings whose name began with the element 437:

could have taken place in Anglo-Saxon England, where variation between

169: 8165: 8095: 7115: 6890: 6692: 6032: 5957: 5952: 5907: 5324: 2099:, on the other hand, was forgotten until it was rediscovered in 1755. 1853: 1681:(the song of Högni, TSB E 55 and E 38). It is possible that 1285:

The following three poems form a single unit in the manuscript of the

57: 8645: 8403: 8193: 7948: 7462: 7267: 7235: 7145: 7100: 7000: 6849: 6834: 6612: 6575: 6438: 6127: 6057: 6007: 6002: 5922: 5576: 5319: 2359: 1883: 1875: 1749: 1175: 1155:. His presentation of the story is very similar to that found in the 1083: 153: 7301:

Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe

7140: 6829: 6722: 6230: 6220: 6190: 6167: 5739: 5520: 5345: 5133: 4566:

The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer

2148:

by agreeing to an armistice. This comparison was explicitly made by

1436:

Sigurd sucks his thumb after killing Fafnir – Hylestad stave church.

152:

Sigurd's story is first attested on a series of carvings, including

106: 8659: 8575: 8477: 8410: 8235: 8137: 8074: 7990: 7983: 7962: 7941: 7927: 7650: 7645: 7620: 7467: 7447: 7095: 6910: 6739: 6600: 6570: 6470: 6205: 6117: 6042: 5972: 5854: 5626: 5566: 5556: 5249: 2342: 2328: 2323: 2192:(written between 1848 and 1874). The Sigurd legend is the basis of 2108: 1800: 1512: 1334: 1257: 1164: 892: 751: 612: 546: 233:

do not share the same etymology. Both have the same first element,

173: 114: 83: 8375: 8130: 7869: 7512: 7497: 7432: 7325: 6980: 6945: 6824: 6697: 6550: 6142: 6122: 6037: 5774: 5769: 5714: 5699: 5611: 5581: 5279: 2840: 8547: 8312: 8291: 8242: 8228: 8172: 8081: 7955: 7615: 7553: 7457: 7045: 6965: 6935: 6880: 6798: 6411: 6225: 6195: 5897: 5849: 5561: 5340: 5299: 5289: 5264: 5254: 5180: 2612: 2610: 1925: 1920: 1760: 1737: 1714:, who also defeated a dragon and played an important role in the 728: 724: 122: 7305: 6675: 6555: 6545: 6406: 5892: 5709: 5666: 5646: 5601: 5533: 5029:. Translated by Byock, Jesse L. New York, London: Penguin Books. 4087: 4085: 921:

makes no mention of how Sigurd won the hoard of the Nibelungen.

808:

Siegfried's role as Kriemhild's fiancé does not accord with the

758:). The redactor states the Siegfried was buried at the abbey of 8894: 8806: 8666: 8554: 8463: 8361: 8221: 8151: 8102: 7655: 7605: 6905: 6870: 6580: 6490: 6480: 6433: 6275: 6215: 5927: 5864: 5827: 5779: 5694: 5259: 5244: 5102: 4683: 4531: 4507: 4331: 4283: 4271: 4247: 3633: 3546: 3269: 3134: 3086: 3074: 2762: 2461: 2018: 1879: 1867: 1700: 1609: 1594: 1500: 1488: 1473: 1310: 1249: 1213: 1040: 1022: 759: 740: 698: 697:

kingdom to woo the princess Kriemhild, however, the Burgundian

686: 638: 492: 157: 110: 6416: 6260: 6062: 5809: 5804: 5744: 5636: 5365: 5089:. Vol. 28. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 424–426. 5020:. Vol. 16. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 126–129. 4828:

Heldenbuch: nach dem ältesten Druck in Abbildung herausgegeben

4770:. Vol. 28. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 380–381. 4745:

Blütezeit: Festschrift für L. Peter Johnson zum 70. Geburtstag

4594:. Vol. 28. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 412–422. 2948: 2607: 1504: 1306: 1167:

Brynhild by cutting the armor from her, before coming to king

399:

as a result of romance-language influence on an original name

8505: 8382: 8039: 7502: 7492: 7452: 7442: 7437: 6885: 6712: 6657: 6565: 6560: 6495: 6443: 6396: 6280: 6265: 6162: 6112: 6102: 6082: 6052: 6047: 6012: 5962: 5912: 5859: 5842: 5832: 5819: 5764: 5749: 5689: 5684: 5606: 5551: 5546: 5370: 5350: 5304: 5284: 5118: 5085:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 5016:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 4766:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 4599:

Fichtner, Edward G. (2004). "Sigfrid's Merovingian Origins".

4590:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 4373: 4289: 4109: 4097: 4082: 3721: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 1912:

has a similar prevalence of names beginning with the element

1909: 1796: 1792: 1527: 1484: 1266: 1261: 1256:, acquiring the hoard of the Nibelungen. Then he will wake a 1253: 1168: 952: 783:

Dietrich and Siegfried from a 15th-century manuscript of the

602: 598: 7360: 6067: 5447:

The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs

3588: 3385: 3275: 3056: 2996: 2888: 2852: 2719: 2717: 2583: 2532: 2491: 7427: 7406: 7240: 7213: 6670: 6665: 6401: 6250: 6172: 6087: 5729: 5719: 5641: 5631: 5621: 5596: 5360: 5294: 4409: 4010: 3998: 3976: 3974: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3460: 3316: 2571: 2559: 2549: 2547: 2335:

with a single mortal weakness that resulted in his downfall

1905: 1895: 1889: 1496: 1492: 1111: 708:) who won the hoard of the Nibelungen as well as the sword 594: 479:

is the older form of Sigurd's name in Scandinavia as well.

380: 4568:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California. 4421: 4349: 4046: 3920: 3841: 3678: 3294: 3292: 3290: 2876: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2503: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2235:, which condenses the story into a single evening's drama. 2222:(1876) is a major retelling of the story in English verse. 1950:

The slaying of the dragon is attested on the 11th-century

1767:

legend securely, and the text on the stones is unrelated.

633:), which, despite its name, is not the same as the modern 6448: 5759: 5679: 4815:

Zeitschrift für Deutsches Altertum und Deutsche Literatur

4476: 4474: 4472: 4145: 4022: 3949: 3947: 3908: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3733: 3668: 3666: 3639: 3600: 3576: 3528: 3489: 3421: 3397: 3239: 3167: 3104: 3044: 3032: 2984: 2936: 2912: 2864: 2828: 2792: 2768: 2714: 2680: 2678: 2271:, but also include Norse stories about Siegfried's youth. 1999:

show that this tradition was present in Germany as well.

1858: 1744:

with a drinking horn on the Drävle runestone from Uppland

1661:

form of Sigurd); these ballads contain material from the

1363: 1135: 475:. He argues from this evidence that a form equivalent to 105:, who killed a dragon—known in some Old Norse sources as 4337: 4253: 4217: 4205: 4121: 3986: 3971: 3959: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3800: 3773: 3709: 3697: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3345: 3343: 3227: 3157: 3155: 2544: 2259:) for the first part of their 1924 pair of silent films 2241:

retold the story in a work intended for older children,

1847:

heroes such as Samson (stave churches at Lund and Nes).

6351:

people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend

4513: 4445: 4397: 3506: 3504: 3438: 3436: 3304: 3287: 2924: 2816: 2746: 2744: 2729: 2663: 2634: 2622: 2595: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2424: 2402: 2400: 2398: 1979:

reflects the tradition that Sigurd liberated a virgin.

1589:(DgF 7, SMB 198, TSB E 10), Sigurd fights against 637:, but describes Siegfried's kingdom around the city of 621:

Relief "Siegfried in Xanten" on the Nordwall in Xanten.

415:

would be a plausible Romance-language form of the name

4870:

Die dänischen Nibelungenballaden: Texte und Kommentare

4491: 4489: 4469: 4457: 4385: 4361: 4313: 4301: 4229: 4133: 4058: 4034: 3944: 3877: 3853: 3663: 3651: 3116: 2900: 2675: 2443: 1522:

Sigurd and Gunnar at the Fire by J. C. Dollman (1909).

1317:

on Lyngvi, Regin praises Sigurd's ferocity in battle.

1201:

Sigurd does not emerge clearly from the Eddic verse".

260:

to be the continental version of the name they called

186:

used the legends about Sigurd/Siegfried in his operas

4193: 4181: 4169: 4157: 4070: 3932: 3896: 3824: 3812: 3612: 3564: 3552: 3516: 3472: 3409: 3340: 3328: 3251: 3203: 3191: 3152: 3140: 3092: 3020: 3008: 2972: 2960: 2804: 2780: 2378:

Höfler argued Arminius's Germanic name may have been

2003:

The death of Sigurd and connection to the Burgundians

1100:

The chronicles of the city of Worms record that when

5488: 4433: 3501: 3448: 3433: 3215: 2741: 2515: 2412: 2395: 2173: 2053:), Bismarck-Nationaldenkmal, Berlin, completed 1901. 2029:). The earliest text to make this connection is the 1894:

It is unclear whether Sigurd's descent from the god

1061: 665:

The death of Siegfried. Nibelungenlied manuscript-k.

7824:

Das Nibelungenlied: Ein Heldenepos in 39 Abenteuern

4486: 3179: 2651: 2479: 2467: 2087:Siegfried remained a popular figure in Germany via 1854:

Theories about the development of the Sigurd figure

456:in later Scandinavian sources. Forms equivalent to 357:, with other personal names instead using the form 27:

Fictional character in Germanic and Norse mythology

4929:Medieval Nordic Literature in its European Context 2702: 2690: 2179:The best-known adaptation of the Sigurd legend is 1422:The poem is generally assumed not to be very old. 452:are systematically changed to forms equivalent to 180:. He may also have a purely mythological origin. 8940: 3371:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 219. 1468:, which follows it in the manuscript, by having 1139:Sigurd as imagined by Jenny Nyström (1854–1946). 613:Continental Germanic traditions and attestations 3751: 4812: 2497: 2283:about 1930, published posthumously by his son 2146:stabbed the undefeated German army in the back 1009: 532:(d. 855) according to Edward Fichtner (2015). 387:more accurately represents the original name. 147:medieval and early modern Scandinavian ballads 7885: 7569: 5474: 5149: 4893:. Tempe, Arizona: Brepols. pp. 281–306. 4794:Haymes, Edward R.; Samples, Susan T. (1996). 4793: 4547: 4091: 3691: 3594: 3391: 3355: 3281: 3002: 2894: 2616: 2049:Siegfried reforging the sword of the Empire ( 1916:and that the first ancestor listed is Wodan. 871:) and an Old Norse approximation of the name 572:(beginning in 1959), who also suggested that 511:at the instigation of Chilperic's wife queen 365:may have had religious significance, whereas 5129:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 4825: 3368:The Nibelungenlied. The Lay of the Nibelungs 2774: 1677:(the song of Brynhild, TSB E 100), and 1608:suggests that this character corresponds to 678: 195: 187: 126: 8959:Fictional characters who can turn invisible 7203: 5503:Mythological Norse people, items and places 5087:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 5018:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 4768:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 4592:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 2265:. The two films are primarily based on the 1779:The Kirk Andreas cross from the Isle of Man 1695:identify depictions of the Sigurd story in 1406: 1399:, says that he was killed while going to a 549:from the Roman period, famed for defeating 7892: 7878: 7576: 7562: 5481: 5467: 5156: 5142: 4973: 3403: 2277:wrote his version of the Volsunga saga in 1280: 6301:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend 5024: 4948:Germanische Heldendichtung im Mittelalter 4926: 4863: 4742: 4704: 4687:The Nibelungen Tradition. An Encyclopedia 4415: 4295: 4211: 4151: 4115: 4103: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3965: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3322: 3310: 2954: 2930: 2589: 2553: 2538: 2437: 2163:depicted as dark, was seen as belonging. 1367:Sigurd's horse Grani mourns over his body 61:Siegfried's Departure from Kriemhild, by 5113: 5011: 4997:. Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 131–168. 4992: 4931:. Oslo: Dreyers Forlag. pp. 50–77. 4761: 4747:. Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 175–206. 4627: 4598: 4223: 3466: 3298: 2669: 2645: 2628: 2601: 2577: 2565: 2509: 2473: 2449: 2331:, a similarly invulnerable warrior from 2056: 2044: 1890:Relationship to Sigmund and the Völsungs 1857: 1774: 1748:The Swedish material consists mostly of 1731: 1632: 1620:The Norwegian ballad of "Sigurd Svein" ( 1517: 1431: 1362: 1356: 1134: 1112:Scandinavian traditions and attestations 1065: 1021: 974:Heldenbuch § The "Heldenbuch-Prosa" 924: 778: 668: 660: 616: 341:also derives from this form originally. 117:, whom he has tricked into marrying the 56: 44: 36: 4907: 4835: 4463: 4403: 4379: 4367: 4307: 4259: 4139: 3361: 3233: 3161: 3122: 2906: 2882: 2858: 2846: 2822: 2810: 2786: 2406: 1689: 1526:Sigurd then comes to the court of King 766: 746:The redaction of the text known as the 211:finishes its tale of Sigurd by saying: 14: 8941: 5054: 5033: 4974:Larrington, Carolyne (trans.) (2014). 4964: 4945: 4854: 4840:. Berlin: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag. 4774: 4669:. Worms: Worms Verlag. pp. 9–38. 4480: 4427: 4391: 4355: 4343: 4319: 4235: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4127: 4064: 4052: 4040: 3953: 3926: 3890: 3859: 3847: 3672: 3657: 3645: 3618: 3606: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3534: 3522: 3495: 3483: 3427: 3415: 3349: 3334: 3257: 3245: 3209: 3197: 3173: 3146: 3110: 3098: 3062: 3050: 3038: 3026: 3014: 2990: 2978: 2966: 2942: 2918: 2870: 2834: 2798: 2750: 2735: 2723: 2696: 2526: 2485: 2418: 2071:Siegfried and the Twilight of the Gods 1219: 1078:records that while travelling through 1047:and other Old Norse accounts over the 992:, with many details agreeing with the 329:, which in turn derives from an older 82: 7873: 7557: 5462: 5163: 5137: 5080: 5077:No. 5, December 2012. Pp. 10–14. 4723: 4664: 4582: 4563: 4540: 4439: 4076: 4028: 3938: 3914: 3902: 3871: 3835: 3818: 3510: 3454: 3442: 3221: 3185: 2708: 2657: 1546: 1384: 1174:Sigurd and Gudrun have two children, 824:. Some of the details agree with the 369:was purely non-religious in meaning. 4969:(3 ed.). Berlin: Erich Schmidt. 2365: 2255:adapted the story of Sigurd (called 1878:, in the saga then between his wife 1645:, ballads about Sigurd are known as 867:refers to Siegfried both as Sigurd ( 7899: 6361:named weapons, armour and treasures 4886: 4826:Heinzle, Joachim, ed. (1981–1987). 4775:Haymes, Edward R. (trans.) (1988). 4519: 4495: 4451: 2684: 2040: 1898:via Völsung, described only in the 1476:, daughter of Sigurd and Brynhild. 1450:. It follows the plot given in the 1212:identifies Sigurd as a king of the 965: 937:The second half of the heroic poem 24: 7583: 7538:Heathenry (new religious movement) 2198:and contributes to the stories of 1783:Four fragmentary crosses from the 1673:(Regin the Smith, TSB E 51), 1186: 860:. Therefore, it is included here. 25: 9005: 8974:Heroes in Norse myths and legends 5095: 4690:. New York, Abingdon: Routledge. 4564:Byock, Jesse L. (trans.) (1990). 4557:Germanische Altertumskunde Online 2174:Notable adaptations of the legend 2065:tease Siegfried. Illustration by 1945: 1823:, a cross built into a church at 1127: 1062:Other traditions and attestations 805:Dietrich from killing Siegfried. 648: 287:is also attested, along with the 8611:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter) 6201:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri 5228: 5101: 4976:The Poetic Edda: Revised Edition 4950:. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. 3745: 2093:Historia vom gehörnten Siegfried 1770: 1628: 1425: 345:notes that the form of the root 5426:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún 5027:The Prose Edda: Norse Mythology 4730:(2nd ed.). Berlin: Dümmler 2372: 2280:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún 1716:Christianization of Scandinavia 1551:Several Danish ballads (Danish 1340: 1205:reliable dating is impossible. 499:. In particular, the murder of 325:is contracted from an original 113:/Kriemhild) and another woman, 6638:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán 4890:Myth in Early Northwest Europe 4836:Heinzle, Joachim, ed. (2013). 4551:; Preißler, Katharina (2015). 1759:Two more depictions come from 833: 555:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest 178:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest 13: 1: 7805:Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King 4978:. Oxford: Oxford University. 4910:Mittelhochdeutsche Heldenepik 4709:. Oxford: Oxford University. 4705:Gillespie, George T. (1973). 4559:. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter. 2229:wrote the lesser-known opera 2130:founding of the German Empire 503:(d. 575), who was married to 63:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld 8019:Companions of Saint Nicholas 2389: 2225:In 1884 the French composer 1320: 1292: 1235: 421: 361:; he suggests that the form 220: 53:" (1901) by Johannes Gehrts. 7: 8881:Hirschsprung (Black Forest) 6708:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr 4908:Lienert, Elisabeth (2015). 4777:The Saga of Thidrek of Bern 2849:, pp. 1240–1241, 1260. 2291: 2091:and its prose version, the 2089:Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 1834: 1699:(the "Spanish Sigurd"), in 1587:Kong Diderik og hans Kæmper 1036:Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 1018:Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 1011:Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 912:Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 160:and stone crosses from the 10: 9010: 8989:Mythological swordfighters 8853:Volksmärchen der Deutschen 8688:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter) 7375:Festivals and holy periods 5025:Sturluson, Snorri (2005). 1725: 1537: 1106:gigas Sifridus des Hörnen 1015: 982:, first found in the 1480 971: 930: 839: 772: 654: 482: 353:is only found in the name 29: 8964:Fictional murdered people 8911: 8830: 8441: 7919: 7912:German-speaking countries 7907: 7834: 7815: 7772: 7717: 7664: 7593: 7525: 7415: 7374: 7293: 7286: 7196: 7158: 6863: 6812: 6771: 6762: 6643:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr 6369: 6356:named animals and plants 6291: 6181: 5883: 5818: 5665: 5532: 5509: 5500: 5405: 5379: 5333: 5237: 5226: 5172: 5081:Würth, Stephanie (2005). 5048:10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105360 5012:Sprenger, Ulrike (2000). 4965:Müller, Jan-Dirk (2009). 4912:. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. 4092:Haymes & Samples 1996 3758:Danmarks gamle folkeviser 3692:Böldl & Preißler 2015 3595:Haymes & Samples 1996 3392:Haymes & Samples 1996 3282:Haymes & Samples 1996 3003:Haymes & Samples 1996 2895:Haymes & Samples 1996 2617:Haymes & Samples 1996 2073:, English translation of 2007:On the basis of the poem 1919:Sigurd's relationship to 1721: 1615: 1491:, which had been paid by 1277:with those about Sigurd. 551:Publius Quinctilius Varus 271:in Middle High German is 101:) is a legendary hero of 49:"Sigurd proofs the sword 8485:Christman Genipperteinga 7851:The Ring of the Nibelung 7843:The Ring of the Nibelung 6464:Black elves (Svartálfar) 1416:Sigurðarkviða hin skamma 1408:Sigurðarkviða hin skamma 1309:, whom they had killed. 553:'s three legions at the 411:. He further notes that 8831:Legends and fairy tales 8639:Kunigunde von Orlamünde 8597:Heinrich von Winkelried 7726:Der Ring des Nibelungen 7694:Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 7346:Sacred trees and groves 6586:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa 6459:Light elves (Ljósálfar) 5126:Encyclopædia Britannica 4946:Millet, Victor (2008). 4872:. Göppingen: Kümmerle. 4762:Haustein, Jens (2005). 4727:Die Deutsche Heldensage 4724:Grimm, Wilhelm (1867). 3363:Edwards, Cyril (trans.) 2189:Der Ring des Nibelungen 2122:Der Ring des Nibelungen 1996:Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 1977:Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 1736:Sigurd with his sword, 1397:Guðrúnarqviða in fursta 1281:Poems of Sigurd's Youth 883:, i.e. the land of the 530:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia 395:arose in the bilingual 391:suggests that the form 298:, the name develops to 252:, it is Proto-Germanic 244:, it is Proto-Germanic 77: 32:Sigurd (disambiguation) 8716:Rüdiger von Bechelaren 8499:Eppelein von Gailingen 7204: 6454:Dark elves (Dökkálfar) 6103:Narfi (father of Nott) 5059:. Stuttgart: Metzler. 5057:Germanische Heldensage 5055:Uecker, Heiko (1972). 4830:. Göppingen: Kümmerle. 3065:, pp. xxvii–xxix. 2243:The Story of Siegfried 2084: 2054: 1870: 1780: 1745: 1638: 1612:, rather than Sigurd. 1523: 1465:Ragnars saga Loðbrókar 1437: 1368: 1140: 1071: 1031: 787: 679: 674: 666: 622: 505:Brunhilda of Austrasia 376:are first attested in 218: 196: 188: 127: 103:Germanic heroic legend 66: 54: 42: 8888:Venusberg (mythology) 8695:Pied Piper of Hamelin 8541:Götz von Berlichingen 8457:Arnold von Winkelried 7708:Biterolf und Dietleib 6596:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi 5875:Sister-wife of Njörðr 5433:The Lord of the Rings 4859:. Heidelberg: Winter. 4855:Höfler, Otto (1961). 4798:. New York: Garland. 4779:. New York: Garland. 4382:, pp. 1009–1010. 2861:, pp. 1289–1293. 2060: 2048: 2025:, Middle High German 1934:the sons of Hunding. 1861: 1841:Hylestad Stave Church 1778: 1735: 1636: 1602:Kong Diderik og Løven 1521: 1435: 1374:Brot af Sigurðarkviðu 1366: 1358:Brot af Sigurðarkviðu 1138: 1102:Emperor Frederick III 1069: 1025: 940:Biterolf und Dietleib 933:Biterolf und Dietleib 926:Biterolf und Dietleib 782: 714:cloak of invisibility 672: 664: 620: 471:who are later called 213: 60: 48: 40: 8984:Mythological princes 8779:Walram of Thierstein 8653:Matthias Klostermayr 8534:Giselher of Burgundy 8527:Genevieve of Brabant 8513:Frederick Barbarossa 7701:Rosengarten zu Worms 7366:Wetlands and islands 6486:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn 5110:at Wikimedia Commons 5014:"Jungsigurddichtung" 4613:10.3368/m.XCVI.3.327 2957:, p. 121, n. 4. 1690:Pictorial depictions 1458:, and therefore the 1270:to have him killed. 1074:The Icelandic Abbot 1003:Rosengarten zu Worms 949:Rosengarten zu Worms 793:Rosengarten zu Worms 785:Rosengarten zu Worms 775:Rosengarten zu Worms 768:Rosengarten zu Worms 641:. The late medieval 445:is well documented. 248:, meaning peace; in 30:For other uses, see 8839:Grimms' Fairy Tales 8786:Walter of Aquitaine 8758:The Smith of Kochel 6648:Narfi (son of Loki) 5795:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr 4642:10.3368/m.107.3.382 4588:"Sigurddarstellung" 4522:, pp. 301–302. 4454:, pp. 297–298. 4430:, pp. 181–182. 4358:, pp. 195–196. 4334:, pp. 171–172. 4106:, pp. 197–200. 4055:, pp. 157–158. 4031:, pp. 418–422. 3929:, pp. 162–163. 3917:, pp. 416–417. 3850:, pp. 166–167. 3730:, pp. 167–168. 3648:, pp. 315–316. 3609:, pp. 314–315. 3585:, pp. 321–322. 3537:, pp. 297–298. 3498:, pp. 296–297. 3469:, pp. 127–128. 3430:, pp. 295–296. 3248:, pp. 308–309. 3176:, pp. 466–471. 3137:, pp. 186–187. 3113:, pp. 373–374. 3077:, pp. 139–140. 3053:, pp. 271–272. 3041:, pp. 273–274. 2993:, pp. 263–264. 2945:, pp. 270–273. 2921:, pp. 364–365. 2885:, pp. 134–136. 2873:, pp. 361–363. 2837:, pp. 182–183. 2801:, pp. 181–182. 2765:, p. 103, 139. 2726:, pp. 165–166. 2687:, pp. 397–398. 2592:, pp. 122–123. 2580:, pp. 162–163. 2568:, pp. 141–147. 2541:, pp. 201–202. 2512:, pp. 148–151. 2498:Heinrichs 1955–1956 2285:Christopher Tolkien 2160:Paul von Hindenburg 1954:in Sweden, and the 1371:Only the ending of 1228:Frá dauða Sinfjötla 1221:Frá dauða Sinfjötla 1076:Nicholaus of Thvera 489:Merovingian dynasty 321:The Old Norse name 318:is sometimes used. 310:). The modern form 296:Early Modern German 267:The normal form of 166:Merovingian dynasty 84:[ˈsiɣˌurðr] 8994:Nibelung tradition 8793:Werner Stauffacher 8709:Punker of Rohrbach 8625:Knight of the Swan 7789:The Dragon's Blood 7294:Religious practice 7268:Old Norse language 6735:Váli (son of Loki) 6623:Líf and Lífthrasir 6531:Árvakr and Alsviðr 6526:Horses of the Æsir 6506:Hati Hróðvitnisson 5647:Váli (son of Odin) 5490:Old Norse religion 5275:Helgi Hundingsbane 4967:Das Nibelungenlied 4541:General references 4532:Gentry et al. 2011 4508:Gentry et al. 2011 4332:Gentry et al. 2011 4298:, p. 16 n. 8. 4284:Gentry et al. 2011 4272:Gentry et al. 2011 4248:Gentry et al. 2011 4118:, p. 198-199. 3874:, p. 114-115. 3634:Gentry et al. 2011 3547:Gentry et al. 2011 3325:, pp. 97–100. 3270:Gentry et al. 2011 3135:Gentry et al. 2011 3087:Gentry et al. 2011 3075:Gentry et al. 2011 2763:Gentry et al. 2011 2462:Gentry et al. 2011 2251:and his then-wife 2219:Sigurd the Volsung 2085: 2055: 1993:and late-medieval 1871: 1781: 1746: 1740:with the ring and 1639: 1560:Sivard Snarensvend 1547:Denmark and Sweden 1524: 1438: 1392:Frá dauða Sigurðar 1386:Frá dauða Sigurðar 1369: 1275:Helgi Hundingsbane 1141: 1118:Germanic mythology 1095:der Nibelunge hort 1072: 1032: 980:"Heldenbuch-Prosa" 788: 675: 667: 623: 389:Wolfgang Haubrichs 93:Middle High German 67: 55: 43: 8969:Fictional Vikings 8936: 8935: 8821:Xaver Hohenleiter 8765:Till Eulenspiegel 8632:Konrad Baumgarten 8618:Klaus Störtebeker 8492:Dietrich von Bern 8110:Feuermann (ghost) 7867: 7866: 7626:Dietrich von Bern 7551: 7550: 7543:Nordic Bronze Age 7533:Germanic paganism 7521: 7520: 7392:Germanic calendar 7356:Temple at Uppsala 7154: 7153: 6758: 6757: 6718:Þjálfi and Röskva 6662:Personifications 5525:and other figures 5456: 5455: 5420:Hagbard and Signy 5200:Norna-Gests þáttr 5106:Media related to 5004:978-3-11-020238-0 4985:978-0-19-967534-0 4957:978-3-11-020102-4 4938:978-82-8265-072-4 4919:978-3-503-15573-6 4900:978-0-86698-365-5 4864:Holzapfel, Otto ( 4847:978-3-618-66120-7 4716:978-0-19-815718-2 4697:978-0-8153-1785-2 4676:978-3-936118-76-6 4418:, pp. 24–25. 4346:, pp. 51–52. 4130:, pp. 24–27. 4019:, pp. 64–65. 4007:, pp. 62–64. 3797:, pp. 28–29. 3378:978-0-19-923854-5 3236:, pp. 31–32. 3089:, pp. 50–51. 2775:Heinzle 1981–1987 2738:, pp. 22–23. 2619:, pp. 21–22. 2366:Explanatory notes 2138:Otto von Bismarck 1884:Brünhild/Brynhild 1712:Archangel Michael 1675:Brynhildar táttur 1580:Sivard og Brynild 1503:for the death of 1479:According to the 1054:According to the 900:Dietrich von Bern 898:One day Thidrek ( 816:, shows that the 798:Dietrich von Bern 693:, capital of the 559:Adolf Giesebrecht 536:Franz-Joseph Mone 16:(Redirected from 9001: 8979:Medieval legends 8929: 8922: 8904: 8897: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8841: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8772:Volker von Alzey 8767: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8732: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8697: 8690: 8683: 8676: 8674:Otto the Younger 8669: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8641: 8634: 8627: 8620: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8564: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8494: 8487: 8480: 8473: 8471:Baron Munchausen 8466: 8459: 8452: 8450:Albrecht Gessler 8434: 8427: 8420: 8418:Will-o'-the-wisp 8413: 8406: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8299:Nixie (folklore) 8294: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8182: 8180:Jack o' the bowl 8175: 8168: 8161: 8154: 8147: 8140: 8133: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8091: 8084: 8077: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8047:Dwarf (folklore) 8042: 8035: 8033:Drak (mythology) 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7930: 7894: 7887: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7555: 7554: 7291: 7290: 7209: 6976:Grove of fetters 6769: 6768: 6476:Fjalar (rooster) 6236:Fjalar and Galar 5530: 5529: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5232: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5105: 5090: 5070: 5051: 5030: 5021: 5008: 4989: 4970: 4961: 4942: 4923: 4904: 4883: 4860: 4851: 4831: 4822: 4809: 4790: 4771: 4758: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4701: 4680: 4661: 4624: 4595: 4579: 4560: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4484: 4478: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3676: 3670: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2383: 2376: 2275:J. R. R. Tolkien 2041:Modern reception 1880:Kriemhild/Gudrun 1378:slept with her. 1252:, and the smith 1149:Snorri Sturluson 967:Heldenbuch-Prosa 702:Hagen von Tronje 684: 643:Heldenbuch-Prosa 582: 567: 544: 527: 397:Frankish kingdom 343:Hermann Reichert 201: 193: 176:, victor of the 132: 86: 21: 9009: 9008: 9004: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8925: 8920:German folklore 8918: 8907: 8902:Walpurgis Night 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8837: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8590:Hans von Trotha 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8367: 8360: 8353: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8257:Mare (folklore) 8255: 8248: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8215:Knecht Ruprecht 8213: 8206: 8199: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8145:Heinzelmännchen 8143: 8136: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7998:Buschgroßmutter 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7915: 7903: 7901:German folklore 7898: 7868: 7863: 7830: 7811: 7768: 7754:Götterdämmerung 7713: 7673:Nibelungenklage 7660: 7589: 7582: 7552: 7547: 7517: 7473:Norse cosmology 7411: 7370: 7282: 7278:Later influence 7192: 7150: 6864:Other locations 6859: 6808: 6754: 6681:Sumarr and Vetr 6365: 6287: 6177: 5978:Gjálp and Greip 5879: 5814: 5661: 5526: 5524: 5515: 5505: 5496: 5487: 5457: 5452: 5401: 5375: 5329: 5233: 5224: 5187:Heysham hogback 5168: 5162: 5098: 5093: 5067: 5005: 4986: 4958: 4939: 4920: 4901: 4880: 4868:), ed. (1974). 4848: 4806: 4787: 4755: 4733: 4731: 4717: 4698: 4677: 4576: 4543: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4262:, p. 1009. 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3753:Svend Grundtvig 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3404:Larrington 2014 3402: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3200:, pp. 1–2. 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3160: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2825:, p. 1240. 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2676: 2670:Fichtner (2015) 2668: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2386: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2294: 2253:Thea von Harbou 2207:Götterdämmerung 2176: 2142:First World War 2119:'s opera cycle 2080:Götterdämmerung 2043: 2005: 1952:Ramsund carving 1948: 1892: 1864:Ramsund carving 1856: 1837: 1821:Ripon Cathedral 1809:Heysham hogback 1773: 1730: 1724: 1692: 1631: 1618: 1606:Svend Grundtvig 1549: 1540: 1430: 1411: 1389: 1361: 1345: 1325: 1297: 1283: 1240: 1224: 1192: 1133: 1114: 1064: 1020: 1014: 976: 970: 935: 929: 844: 838: 777: 771: 659: 653: 615: 576: 561: 557:in 9 AD. Later 538: 521: 485: 223: 198:Götterdämmerung 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9007: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8930: 8927:Swiss folklore 8923: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8905: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8867:Nibelungenlied 8863: 8860:Gespensterbuch 8856: 8849: 8846:Deutsche Sagen 8842: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8730:Schinderhannes 8726: 8719: 8712: 8705: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8656: 8649: 8642: 8635: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8607: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8583:Hans von Sagan 8579: 8572: 8569:Hagen (legend) 8565: 8558: 8551: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8453: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8306:Ork (folklore) 8302: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8267: 8264:Mephistopheles 8260: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8099: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8071: 8064: 8061:Ekke Nekkepenn 8057: 8050: 8043: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7945: 7938: 7935:Alp (folklore) 7931: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7897: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7874: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7855: 7847: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7809: 7801: 7797:Die Nibelungen 7793: 7785: 7781:Die Nibelungen 7776: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7736: 7721: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7704: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7676: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7656:Etzel (Attila) 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7591: 7590: 7586:Nibelungenlied 7581: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7529: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7238: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7224: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7168:Æsir–Vanir War 7164: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7006:Hoddmímis holt 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6840:Körmt and Örmt 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6271:Sons of Ivaldi 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5617:Móði and Magni 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5527: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5440:Nibelungenlied 5436: 5429: 5422: 5417: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5215: 5212:Skáldskaparmál 5208: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5184: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5161: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5120:"Sigurd" 5117:, ed. (1911). 5115:Chisholm, Hugh 5111: 5097: 5096:External links 5094: 5092: 5091: 5083:"Sigurdlieder" 5078: 5071: 5065: 5052: 5031: 5022: 5009: 5003: 4990: 4984: 4971: 4962: 4956: 4943: 4937: 4924: 4918: 4905: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4866:Otto Holzapfel 4861: 4852: 4846: 4833: 4823: 4810: 4804: 4791: 4785: 4772: 4759: 4753: 4740: 4721: 4715: 4702: 4696: 4681: 4675: 4662: 4636:(3): 382–404. 4625: 4607:(3): 327–342. 4596: 4580: 4574: 4561: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4534:, p. 222. 4524: 4512: 4510:, p. 306. 4500: 4498:, p. 301. 4485: 4483:, p. 183. 4468: 4456: 4444: 4442:, pp. 22. 4432: 4420: 4416:Holzapfel 1974 4408: 4406:, p. 189. 4396: 4394:, p. 471. 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4322:, p. 165. 4312: 4300: 4296:Gillespie 1973 4288: 4286:, p. 169. 4276: 4274:, p. 116. 4264: 4252: 4250:, p. 147. 4240: 4238:, p. 166. 4228: 4226:, p. 150. 4216: 4212:McKinnell 2015 4204: 4192: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4154:, p. 126. 4152:Gillespie 1973 4144: 4132: 4120: 4116:Haubrichs 2000 4108: 4104:Haubrichs 2000 4096: 4094:, p. 166. 4081: 4079:, p. 418. 4069: 4067:, p. 167. 4057: 4045: 4043:, p. 155. 4033: 4021: 4017:McKinnell 2015 4009: 4005:McKinnell 2015 3997: 3993:McKinnell 2015 3985: 3981:McKinnell 2015 3970: 3966:McKinnell 2015 3958: 3956:, p. 160. 3943: 3941:, p. 414. 3931: 3919: 3907: 3905:, p. 415. 3895: 3893:, p. 163. 3876: 3864: 3862:, p. 168. 3852: 3840: 3838:, p. 420. 3823: 3821:, p. 413. 3811: 3807:Holzapfel 1974 3799: 3795:Holzapfel 1974 3787: 3783:Holzapfel 1974 3772: 3744: 3742:, p. 197. 3740:Holzapfel 1974 3732: 3728:Holzapfel 1974 3720: 3716:Holzapfel 1974 3708: 3704:Holzapfel 1974 3696: 3677: 3675:, p. 477. 3662: 3660:, p. 316. 3650: 3638: 3636:, p. 121. 3623: 3621:, p. 315. 3611: 3599: 3597:, p. 116. 3587: 3575: 3573:, p. 313. 3563: 3561:, p. 319. 3551: 3549:, p. 120. 3539: 3527: 3525:, p. 297. 3515: 3513:, p. 426. 3500: 3488: 3486:, p. 296. 3471: 3459: 3457:, p. 425. 3447: 3445:, p. 424. 3432: 3420: 3418:, p. 295. 3408: 3406:, p. 138. 3396: 3394:, p. 119. 3384: 3377: 3354: 3352:, p. 294. 3339: 3337:, p. 288. 3327: 3323:Sturluson 2005 3315: 3311:Sturluson 2005 3303: 3301:, p. 126. 3286: 3284:, p. 127. 3274: 3262: 3260:, p. 291. 3250: 3238: 3226: 3224:, p. 304. 3214: 3212:, p. 487. 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3151: 3149:, p. 367. 3139: 3127: 3125:, p. 147. 3115: 3103: 3101:, p. 372. 3091: 3079: 3067: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3029:, p. 266. 3019: 3017:, p. 264. 3007: 3005:, p. 114. 2995: 2983: 2981:, p. 104. 2971: 2969:, p. 100. 2959: 2955:Gillespie 1973 2947: 2935: 2931:Gillespie 1973 2923: 2911: 2909:, p. 134. 2899: 2897:, p. 128. 2887: 2875: 2863: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2740: 2728: 2713: 2701: 2689: 2674: 2672:, p. 383. 2662: 2650: 2648:, p. 380. 2633: 2631:, p. 329. 2621: 2606: 2604:, p. 327. 2594: 2590:Gillespie 1973 2582: 2570: 2558: 2556:, p. 202. 2554:Haubrichs 2000 2543: 2539:Haubrichs 2000 2531: 2514: 2502: 2500:, p. 279. 2490: 2478: 2466: 2464:, p. 114. 2454: 2452:, p. 143. 2442: 2440:, p. 122. 2438:Gillespie 1973 2423: 2421:, p. 214. 2411: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2349: 2336: 2326: 2321: 2313: 2305: 2303:Siegfried Line 2300: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2272: 2268:Nibelungenlied 2262:Die Nibelungen 2246: 2236: 2223: 2214:William Morris 2211: 2181:Richard Wagner 2175: 2172: 2117:Richard Wagner 2113:Nibelungenlied 2097:Nibelungenlied 2067:Arthur Rackham 2042: 2039: 2035:Nibelungenlied 2031:Nibelungenlied 2004: 2001: 1987:Nibelungenlied 1972:Nibelungenlied 1947: 1946:Sigurd's youth 1944: 1931:Hürnen Seyfrid 1891: 1888: 1855: 1852: 1836: 1833: 1772: 1769: 1726:Main article: 1723: 1720: 1691: 1688: 1630: 1627: 1617: 1614: 1600:In the ballad 1585:In the ballad 1578:In the ballad 1558:In the ballad 1548: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1470:Ragnar Lodbrok 1429: 1424: 1410: 1405: 1388: 1383: 1360: 1355: 1344: 1339: 1324: 1319: 1296: 1291: 1282: 1279: 1239: 1234: 1223: 1218: 1191: 1185: 1153:Skáldskaparmál 1143:The so-called 1132: 1126: 1113: 1110: 1091:Sigfrides tôt 1063: 1060: 1056:Hürnen Seyfrid 1049:Nibelungenlied 1028:Hürnen Seyfrid 1016:Main article: 1013: 1008: 990:Nibelungenlied 978:The so-called 972:Main article: 969: 964: 960:Nibelungenlied 945:Nibelungenlied 931:Main article: 928: 923: 858:Nibelungenlied 840:Main article: 837: 832: 822:Nibelungenlied 814:Nibelungenlied 810:Nibelungenlied 773:Main article: 770: 765: 748:Nibelungenlied 681:Nibelungenlied 657:Nibelungenlied 655:Main article: 652: 650:Nibelungenlied 647: 627:Nibelungenlied 614: 611: 484: 481: 235:Proto-Germanic 222: 219: 184:Richard Wagner 129:Nibelungenlied 123:Gunnar/Gunther 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9006: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8954:Dragonslayers 8952: 8950: 8949:Völsung cycle 8947: 8946: 8944: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8892: 8889: 8885: 8882: 8878: 8875: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8857: 8854: 8850: 8847: 8843: 8840: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8804: 8801: 8797: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8752: 8748: 8745: 8744:Stauffacherin 8741: 8738: 8734: 8731: 8727: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8713: 8710: 8706: 8703: 8702:Princess Ilse 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8685: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8643: 8640: 8636: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8622: 8619: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8566: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8545: 8542: 8538: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8524: 8521: 8517: 8514: 8510: 8507: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8475: 8472: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8440: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8366: 8363: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8320:Petermännchen 8317: 8314: 8310: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8282: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8201:King Goldemar 8198: 8195: 8191: 8188: 8187:Klabautermann 8184: 8181: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8093: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8037: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7974: 7971: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7957: 7953: 7950: 7946: 7943: 7939: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7906: 7902: 7895: 7890: 7888: 7883: 7881: 7876: 7875: 7872: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7733:Das Rheingold 7730: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7705: 7703: 7702: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7687:Völsunga saga 7684: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665:Related works 7663: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7579: 7574: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7336:Öndvegissúlur 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7316:Heitstrenging 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7263:Völsung Cycle 7261: 7259: 7258:Tyrfing Cycle 7256: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206:Gesta Danorum 7202: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178:Fróði's Peace 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6703:Shield-maiden 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6377:Ask and Embla 6375: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5838:Ingunar-Freyr 5836: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5461: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334:Other figures 5332: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5221: 5220: 5219:Volsunga saga 5216: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5206:Sigurd stones 5204: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5193:Niflung Cycle 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166:Völsung Cycle 5159: 5154: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5066:3-476-10106-1 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4879:3-87452-237-7 4875: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4821:(4): 279–289. 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4805:0-8153-0033-6 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4786:0-8240-8489-6 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4754:3-484-64018-9 4750: 4746: 4741: 4729: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4575:0-520-06904-8 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4466:, p. 32. 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4370:, p. 35. 4369: 4364: 4357: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4310:, p. 31. 4309: 4304: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4268: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4244: 4237: 4232: 4225: 4224:Reichert 2008 4220: 4214:, p. 73. 4213: 4208: 4202:, p. 24. 4201: 4196: 4190:, p. 78. 4189: 4184: 4178:, p. 26. 4177: 4172: 4166:, p. 32. 4165: 4160: 4153: 4148: 4142:, p. 68. 4141: 4136: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3995:, p. 62. 3994: 3989: 3983:, p. 61. 3982: 3977: 3975: 3968:, p. 66. 3967: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3873: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3820: 3815: 3809:, p. 28. 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3785:, p. 29. 3784: 3779: 3777: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3718:, p. 65. 3717: 3712: 3706:, p. 39. 3705: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3497: 3492: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3468: 3467:Sprenger 2000 3463: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3393: 3388: 3380: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3358: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3313:, p. 97. 3312: 3307: 3300: 3299:Sprenger 2000 3295: 3293: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3272:, p. 12. 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3188:, p. 42. 3187: 3182: 3175: 3170: 3164:, p. 67. 3163: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3131: 3124: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3064: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3023: 3016: 3011: 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2933:, p. 34. 2932: 2927: 2920: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2824: 2819: 2813:, p. 39. 2812: 2807: 2800: 2795: 2789:, p. 38. 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2753:, p. 24. 2752: 2747: 2745: 2737: 2732: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2671: 2666: 2660:, p. 25. 2659: 2654: 2647: 2646:Haustein 2005 2642: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2629:Fichtner 2004 2625: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2603: 2602:Fichtner 2004 2598: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2578:Reichert 2008 2574: 2567: 2566:Reichert 2008 2562: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2540: 2535: 2529:, p. 22. 2528: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2511: 2510:Reichert 2008 2506: 2499: 2494: 2488:, p. 46. 2487: 2482: 2475: 2474:Haustein 2005 2470: 2463: 2458: 2451: 2450:Reichert 2008 2446: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2420: 2415: 2409:, p. 30. 2408: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2394: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2239:James Baldwin 2237: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2216:'s epic poem 2215: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134:German Empire 2131: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2082: 2081: 2077:libretto for 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2063:Rhine maidens 2059: 2052: 2051:Reichsschwert 2047: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1956:Gök Runestone 1953: 1943: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1901:Völsunga saga 1897: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1845:Old Testament 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1777: 1771:British Isles 1768: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1728:Sigurd stones 1719: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667:Völsunga saga 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647:Sjúrðar kvæði 1644: 1643:Faroe Islands 1635: 1629:Faroe Islands 1626: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1544: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:Völsunga saga 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1460:Völsunga Saga 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1443:Völsunga saga 1434: 1428: 1427:Völsunga saga 1423: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1365: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 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8068:Elwetritsch 7854:(2000-2001) 7846:(1989-1990) 7835:Comic Books 7800:(1966/1967) 7740:Die Walküre 7680:Poetic Edda 7341:Reginnaglar 7273:Orthography 7246:Jómsvíkinga 7221:Poetic Edda 7134:Urðarbrunnr 7129:Mímisbrunnr 7061:Singasteinn 6991:Hindarfjall 6971:Gnipahellir 6951:Ginnungagap 6926:Fyrisvellir 6921:Fornsigtuna 6855:Vimur River 6845:Slidr River 6618:Jörmungandr 6028:Hrímgrímnir 5657:Vili and Vé 5414:Þiðrekssaga 5387:Andvaranaut 4630:Monatshefte 4601:Monatshefte 4481:Müller 2009 4428:Müller 2009 4392:Millet 2008 4356:Millet 2008 4344:Millet 2008 4320:Millet 2008 4236:Millet 2008 4200:Uecker 1972 4188:Millet 2008 4176:Uecker 1972 4164:Taranu 2015 4128:Taranu 2015 4065:Millet 2008 4053:Millet 2008 4041:Millet 2008 3954:Millet 2008 3927:Millet 2008 3891:Millet 2008 3860:Millet 2008 3848:Millet 2008 3765:26 February 3673:Millet 2008 3658:Millet 2008 3646:Millet 2008 3619:Millet 2008 3607:Millet 2008 3583:Millet 2008 3571:Millet 2008 3559:Millet 2008 3535:Millet 2008 3523:Millet 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the 142:Poetic Edda 8943:Categories 8874:Freischütz 8751:Tannhäuser 8604:Hildebrand 8562:Gundomar I 8520:Friar Rush 8369:Tatzelwurm 8334:Rasselbock 8285:Nachzehrer 8278:Nachtkrapp 8250:Lutzelfrau 8159:Hinzelmann 8124:Frau Holle 8012:Christkind 8005:Changeling 7970:Belsnickel 7631:Hildebrand 7594:Characters 7508:Viking Age 7483:Philosophy 7351:Sonargöltr 7236:Runestones 7228:Prose Edda 7173:Fimbulvetr 7124:Hvergelmir 7091:Valaskjálf 7051:Sessrúmnir 7021:Jötunheimr 6996:Hlidskjalf 6986:Himinbjörg 6956:Glaðsheimr 6941:Gastropnir 6896:Bilskirnir 6876:Amsvartnir 6789:Gjallarbrú 6772:Underworld 6728:Landvættir 6628:Loddfáfnir 6606:Svaðilfari 6591:Hófvarpnir 6536:Blóðughófi 6516:Hildisvíni 6392:Aurvandill 6153:Vafþrúðnir 6138:Þrúðgelmir 5998:Harðgreipr 5392:Barnstokkr 4440:Gallé 2011 4077:Düwel 2005 4029:Düwel 2005 3939:Düwel 2005 3915:Düwel 2005 3903:Düwel 2005 3872:Düwel 2005 3836:Düwel 2005 3819:Düwel 2005 3511:Würth 2005 3455:Würth 2005 3443:Würth 2005 3222:Grimm 1867 3186:Grimm 1867 2709:Gallé 2011 2658:Byock 1990 2358:epic, the 2352:Esfandiyar 2345:epic, the 2339:Duryodhana 2333:Greek myth 2298:Sigebert I 2249:Fritz Lang 2155:Mein Kampf 1825:Kirby Hill 1750:runestones 1260:and learn 1145:Prose Edda 1130:Prose Edda 1080:Westphalia 985:Heldenbuch 854:Low German 802:Hildebrand 695:Burgundian 513:Fredegunda 501:Sigebert I 435:*Sigi-ward 427:metathesis 401:*Sigi-ward 225:The names 170:Sigebert I 154:runestones 139:, and the 119:Burgundian 8646:Lohengrin 8404:Wild Hunt 8194:Klagmuhme 7977:Bergmönch 7949:Aufhocker 7858:Siegfried 7747:Siegfried 7606:Kriemhild 7601:Siegfried 7463:Mead hall 7397:Þorrablót 7251:Legendary 7146:Yggdrasil 7106:Víðbláinn 7101:Vanaheimr 7076:Þrymheimr 7071:Þrúðvangr 7066:Þrúðheimr 7036:Munarvágr 7026:Mímameiðr 7001:Hnitbjorg 6916:Fólkvangr 6901:Brávellir 6850:Vadgelmir 6835:Kerlaugar 6804:Niðafjöll 6764:Locations 6740:Valkyries 6688:Sæhrímnir 6576:Gulltoppr 6541:Falhófnir 6439:Einherjar 6422:Landdísir 6256:Mótsognir 6246:Hreiðmarr 6158:Víðblindi 6108:Sökkmímir 6098:Mögþrasir 6058:Hyrrokkin 6023:Hrímgerðr 6018:Hræsvelgr 6008:Helreginn 6003:Helblindi 5923:Bergelmir 5587:Ítreksjóð 5494:mythology 5356:Hreiðmarr 5320:Svanhildr 5315:Sinfjötli 5108:Siegfried 4764:"Sigfrid" 4658:162544840 4621:219196272 4553:"Ballade" 2390:Citations 2360:Shahnameh 2309:Siegfried 2257:Siegfried 2195:Siegfried 2128:With the 2010:Atlakviða 1876:Fredegund 1742:Sigrdrífa 1553:folkevise 1330:Fáfnismál 1322:Fáfnismál 1302:Reginsmál 1294:Reginsmál 1245:Grípisspá 1237:Grípisspá 1084:Paderborn 873:Siegfried 756:Östringen 718:Tarnkappe 631:Niderlant 477:Siegfried 450:Siegfried 413:*Sigevert 405:*Sigevert 393:Siegfried 374:Siegfried 327:*Sigvǫrðr 312:Siegfried 306:(spelled 292:Zegevrijt 269:Siegfried 258:Siegfried 242:Siegfried 231:Siegfried 221:Etymology 216:Norsemen. 190:Siegfried 89:Siegfried 74:Old Norse 65:, c. 1843 8912:See also 8660:Nibelung 8576:Hannikel 8478:Brunhild 8411:Wild man 8348:Rübezahl 8236:Lindworm 8138:Heimchen 8075:Erdhenne 7991:Bogeyman 7984:Bieresel 7963:Beerwolf 7942:Askafroa 7928:Alberich 7651:Nibelung 7646:Alberich 7636:Giselher 7621:Brunhild 7526:See also 7448:Hamingja 7402:Vetrnætr 7387:Dísablót 7382:Álfablót 7188:Ragnarök 7096:Valhalla 7086:Útgarðar 7031:Myrkviðr 7016:Járnviðr 7011:Iðavöllr 6931:Gálgviðr 6911:Fensalir 6820:Élivágar 6794:Náströnd 6784:Éljúðnir 6653:Níðhöggr 6601:Sleipnir 6571:Gullfaxi 6471:Fimafeng 6387:Auðumbla 6206:Billingr 6133:Þrívaldi 6118:Suttungr 6073:Járnsaxa 6043:Hrungnir 5973:Gillingr 5968:Geirröðr 5948:Fárbauti 5938:Býleistr 5903:Angrboða 5855:Gullveig 5567:Heimdall 5557:Dellingr 5250:Brynhild 4650:24550296 4586:(2005). 4520:Lee 2007 4496:Lee 2007 4452:Lee 2007 3755:(1853). 3365:(2010). 2685:Lee 2007 2343:Sanskrit 2329:Achilles 2324:Arminius 2292:See also 2109:Arminius 2075:Wagner's 1801:Maughold 1697:Sangüesa 1665:and the 1513:Brynhild 1335:valkyrie 1258:valkyrie 1176:Svanhild 1165:valkyrie 893:Brynhild 752:Odenwald 733:Brünhild 547:Arminius 469:Sigfrǫðr 465:Sigfreðr 462:Sigfroðr 417:Sigebert 409:Sigefred 285:Sigevrit 174:Arminius 115:Brunhild 8548:Gunther 8313:Perchta 8292:Nis Puk 8243:Lorelei 8229:Krampus 8173:Irrwurz 8166:Hödekin 8096:Fänggen 8082:Erlking 7956:Bahkauv 7827:(novel) 7641:Rüdiger 7616:Gunther 7478:Numbers 7458:Kenning 7331:Worship 7287:Society 7197:Sources 7116:Vingólf 7111:Vígríðr 7081:Uppsala 7046:Okolnir 6966:Glitnir 6936:Gandvik 6891:Bifröst 6881:Andlang 6799:Niflhel 6745:Völundr 6693:Skírnir 6633:Móðguðr 6429:Dragons 6412:Byggvir 6241:Gandalf 6226:Dvalinn 6196:Andvari 6033:Hrímnir 5988:Gunnlöð 5958:Fornjót 5953:Fjölvar 5933:Bölþorn 5908:Aurboða 5898:Alvaldi 5850:Gersemi 5667:Ásynjur 5572:Hermóðr 5562:Forseti 5512:Deities 5406:Related 5380:Objects 5341:Andvari 5325:Völsung 5300:Sigmund 5290:Siggeir 5255:Granmar 5181:Beowulf 2356:Persian 2319:(opera) 2311:(opera) 2245:(1905). 2158:and by 2083:(1911). 1939:Beowulf 1926:Beowulf 1921:Sigmund 1787:, from 1761:Uppland 1738:Andvari 1659:Faroese 1657:is the 1655:Sjúrður 1641:On the 1591:Diderik 1538:Ballads 1181:Guthorm 877:Sigfrœð 869:Sigurðr 790:In the 729:Iceland 725:Gunther 710:Balmung 491:of the 483:Origins 473:Sigurðr 429:of the 422:Origins 323:Sigurðr 316:Sigfrid 308:Sewfrid 304:Seufrid 300:Seyfrid 168:, with 79:Sigurðr 18:Sigurðr 8895:Vineta 8807:Witege 8737:Sigurd 8667:Ortnit 8555:Gudrun 8464:Attila 8442:People 8362:Schrat 8222:Kobold 8152:Hemann 8103:Fasolt 7920:Beings 7860:(2007) 7808:(2004) 7792:(1957) 7784:(1924) 7763:Sigurd 7718:Operas 7321:Horses 7160:Events 7141:Ýdalir 7120:Wells 7056:Sindri 7041:Nóatún 6906:Brimir 6871:Asgard 6830:Ífingr 6813:Rivers 6723:Vættir 6581:Gyllir 6491:Fylgja 6481:Fenrir 6434:Draugs 6370:Others 6293:Heroes 6276:Brokkr 6231:Fáfnir 6221:Dúrnir 6216:Durinn 6191:Alvíss 6183:Dwarfs 6168:Vörnir 6078:Laufey 5943:Eggþér 5928:Bestla 5885:Jötnar 5870:Njörðr 5865:Kvasir 5828:Freyja 5780:Snotra 5740:Njörun 5695:Gefjon 5652:Víðarr 5592:Lóðurr 5521:jötnar 5517:dwarfs 5346:Fáfnir 5310:Sigurd 5265:Gunnar 5260:Gudrun 5245:Attila 5238:People 5063: 5036:Viator 5001: 4982: 4954: 4935: 4916: 4897: 4876: 4844: 4802: 4783: 4751: 4734:24 May 4713: 4694: 4673: 4656: 4648: 4619: 4572: 3375: 2317:Sigurd 2232:Sigurd 2019:Attila 1989:, the 1960:hürnen 1868:Sweden 1835:Norway 1799:, and 1722:Sweden 1701:Naples 1616:Norway 1610:Ortnit 1595:Witege 1501:Hoenir 1499:, and 1489:Fafnir 1474:Aslaug 1472:marry 1311:Fafnir 1250:Fafnir 1214:Franks 1041:ballad 760:Lorsch 741:Vosges 712:and a 699:vassal 687:Xanten 639:Xanten 601:, and 497:*sigi- 493:Franks 458:Sigurd 454:Sigurd 443:-ferth 439:-frith 385:Sigurd 367:-varðr 363:-vǫrðr 359:-varðr 355:Sigurd 351:-varðr 347:-vǫrðr 339:Sivard 335:Danish 333:. The 281:*sigi- 277:Sîfrit 273:Sîvrit 262:Sigurd 254:*-ward 250:Sigurd 246:*-frið 238:*sigi- 227:Sigurd 158:Sweden 133:, the 111:Gudrun 107:Fáfnir 98:Sîvrit 70:Sigurd 8506:Faust 8383:Uhaml 8376:Türst 8131:Gütel 8040:Drude 7816:Books 7773:Films 7611:Hagen 7513:Völva 7503:Skald 7498:Seiðr 7493:Runes 7488:Rings 7453:Heiti 7438:Galdr 7433:Félag 7423:Death 7416:Other 7326:Hörgr 7241:Sagas 6981:Heiðr 6946:Gimlé 6886:Barri 6825:Gjöll 6750:Vörðr 6713:Troll 6698:Sköll 6658:Norns 6566:Grani 6561:Glenr 6551:Glaðr 6521:Hjúki 6496:Garmr 6449:Elves 6444:Eldir 6417:Dísir 6397:Beyla 6331:Hi–Hy 6281:Eitri 6266:Regin 6211:Dáinn 6163:Vosud 6143:Þrymr 6123:Þjazi 6113:Surtr 6083:Leikn 6053:Hymir 6048:Hrymr 6038:Hroðr 6013:Hljod 5993:Gymir 5983:Gríðr 5963:Gangr 5913:Baugi 5860:Hnoss 5843:Yngvi 5833:Freyr 5820:Vanir 5800:Þrúðr 5775:Skaði 5770:Sjöfn 5765:Sigyn 5750:Rindr 5735:Nanna 5715:Iðunn 5700:Gerðr 5690:Fulla 5685:Frigg 5612:Mímir 5607:Meili 5582:Hœnir 5552:Bragi 5547:Baldr 5371:Regin 5351:Grani 5305:Signy 5285:Rerir 5280:Högne 5270:Hogni 4654:S2CID 4646:JSTOR 4617:S2CID 2069:from 2027:Etzel 1914:Sigi- 1910:Deira 1797:Jurby 1793:Malew 1570:204, 1528:Gjuki 1485:Regin 1401:thing 1267:Gjuki 1262:runes 1254:Regin 1169:Gjuki 953:Heime 706:recke 691:Worms 603:Freyr 599:Baldr 581:] 566:] 543:] 526:] 419:(see 337:form 294:. 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