113:
137:
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1812:
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was formally signed the next day. The garrison was allowed to leave the fort with all the honours of war, "their Arms and
Baggage, Drums beating, and Colours flying." The British were to transport the garrison to France, and there were specific protections in the capitulation to protect the local residents. These terms called for the "Inhabitants within Cannon shot of the Fort" to be allowed to remain on their properties for up to two years if they so chose, provided they were willing to take an oath to the
1868:
1294:
1203:
428:
1824:
1884:
1218:, an Englishman who had previously served as colonial governor of Maryland and Virginia, returned to England in its aftermath, and again appealed to the queen for support. They were accompanied by four aboriginal chiefs, who caused a sensation in London. Nicholson and Vetch successfully argued on behalf of colonial interests for British military support against Port Royal.
1355:-style resistance outside the fort, with Acadian and aboriginal defenders firing small arms from houses and wooded areas, in addition to taking fire from the fort. This fire resulted in three British killed, but the defenders were unable to keep the British on the south side from establishing a camp about 400 yards (370 m) from the fort.
1373:
out an officer with a parley flag on 10 October. The negotiations got off to a bad start because the officer was not properly announced by a drummer, and deteriorated from there. Each side ended up holding an officer of the other, principally over matters of military etiquette, and the
British continued their siege work.
41:
1214:, a Scots businessman with colonial ties, went to London in 1708 and lobbied Queen Anne for military support to conquer all of New France. She authorized a "great enterprise" to conquer all of Acadia and Canada in 1709 that was aborted when the promised military support failed to materialize. Vetch and
1350:
at long range. Although later accounts of the siege claimed Vetch's detachment was part of a strategic plan to surround the fort, contemporary accounts report that Vetch wanted to have a command that was somewhat independent of
Nicholson. These same accounts claim Vetch never got to within range of
1345:
The following day, 6 October, British marines began landing both north and south of the fortress and the town. The northern force was joined by four New
England regiments under Colonel Vetch, while Nicholson led the remaining New England troops as part of the southern force. The landings took place
1376:
By 12 October, the siege trenches had advanced, and cannons that were within 300 feet (91 m) of the fort opened fire. Nicholson sent
Subercase a demand that he surrender, and negotiations began once more. By the end of the day, the parties reached an agreement on the terms of surrender, which
1165:
and other
Acadian communities. English and French accounts differ on whether Church's expedition mounted an attack on Port Royal. Church's account indicates that they anchored in the harbour and considered making an attack, but ultimately decided against the idea; French accounts claim that a minor
1078:
to capture the
Acadian capital, and it had profound consequences over the next 50 years. The conquest was a key element in the framing of the North American issues in French-British treaty negotiations of 1711–1713. It resulted in the creation of a new colony—Nova Scotia—and introduced significant
1936:
Acadia's people were placed in a difficult position by the conquest. The
British on numerous occasions demanded they take oaths to the British Crown, but many refused to take oaths requiring them to take arms against the French, preferring to proclaim their neutrality. For this and other reasons,
1184:
English merchants in Boston had long traded with Port Royal, and some of this activity had continued illegally after the war began. However, the business was being hurt by the war, and some merchants began making vocal calls for action, and public outrage rose over the failure of the
Massachusetts
1372:
Over the next four days the
British landed their cannons and brought them up to the camp. Fire from the fort and supporters outside it persisted, and the British bomb ships wrought havoc within the fort with their fire each night. With the opening of new British batteries imminent, Subercase sent
1221:
Nicholson arrived in Boston on 15 July 1710, bearing a commission from the queen as "General and Commander-in-Chief of all and sundry the Forces, to be employed in the expedition design'd for the reducing of Port Royal in Nova Scotia". In addition to 400 marines brought over from England, four New
1305:
had taken steps to improve the local defences since the 1707 sieges, building a new bomb-proof powder magazine and barracks in 1708, and clearing woods from the river banks to deny attackers cover. He completed the construction of another vessel to assist in naval defence, and engaged privateers
1067:, and it was the first time the British took and held a French colonial possession. After the French surrender, the British occupied the fort in the capital with all the pomp and ceremony of having captured one of the great fortresses of Europe, and renamed it
1189:
had made repeated requests to London for support without any success, and finally decided to act independently to fend off accusations of complicity in the illegal trade. In spring of 1707, he authorized an expedition against Port Royal. This expedition made
1333:
on the shore. The ships returned fire with their cannons, without either side taking casualties. On 5 October, the main British fleet arrived at Goat Island, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) below Port Royal. That afternoon, the transport
1972:. However, after a three months crossing, and the dispersal of the fleet between Sable Island and the mainland, the expedition turned out to be a disaster for the French, and they would not try to recapture Port Royal again.
1948:
to imply only the peninsula of present-day Nova Scotia, thereby excluding the mainland between New England and the St. Lawrence, ÎLe St. Jean, and Cape Breton. This helped the aboriginal groups of Abenaquis, Malecites, and
1329:. She carried deserters from the French garrison, who reported that morale was extremely low. Nicholson sent the ship ahead with one of the transports; when they entered Digby Gut they received some fire from parties of
2239:, p. 12, prior to 1710, English forces had only raided, sacked, and temporarily occupied French colonial possessions. Other territories the English conquered came at the expense of other nations or aboriginals.
1875:
The British took formal possession of Port Royal following a ceremony on 16 October, in which they renamed the place Annapolis Royal in honour of their queen. Samuel Vetch was inaugurated as the new governor of
1359:
1306:
with great success against New England fishing and shipping. From prisoners taken by the privateers he learned that plans were continually being made in 1708 and 1709 for new attempts on Port Royal.
1351:
the fort's guns until after the siege ended; his attempts to erect a battery of mortars in a muddy area across Allain's Creek from the fort was repulsed by cannon fire. The southern force met with
1315:
1222:
England provinces raised militia regiments: Massachusetts Bay provided 900, Rhode Island 180, Connecticut 300, and New Hampshire 100. Some of the provincial troops were drilled in the arts of
3243:
3251:
2123:
1909:
The capture of Port Royal marked the end of French rule in peninsular Acadia, and inaugurated a struggle for control of the territory that lasted until the British conquests of the
1937:
hundreds of Acadians left peninsular Nova Scotia over the next decade. Most of them avoided the principal French colonial settlements and went to French-occupied Isle Saint-Jean.
1975:
The territorial dispute would not be fully resolved until the British conquest of New France in 1760, and the informal boundary between the British and French in the dispute (the
1964:. The expedition was composed of 20 warships, 21 frigates, and 32 transport ships, containing 800 cannons, 3,000 soldiers, and 10,000 marines. The expedition was to retake
1210:
In the following years, France failed to send any significant support, while the British mobilized larger and better-organized forces for the conflict in North America.
1022:
250:
1940:
Acadia's border was not formally demarcated by the Treaty of Utrecht, which became a cause of ongoing friction between the British and French, especially on the
1342:, and was eventually swept onto the rocks. Its captain, some of its crew, and 23 soldiers died, while a company commander and some 25 others struggled ashore.
3334:
3369:
2062:
1173:
became governor of Acadia in 1706, he went on the offensive, encouraging aboriginal raids against English targets in New England. He also encouraged
1149:, had, in anticipation of war, already begun construction of a stone and earth fort in 1701, which was largely completed by 1704. Following a French
1854:
1685:
1206:
Annotated detail from a 1713 map showing eastern New England and southern Nova Scotia/Acadia. Port Royal is at A, Boston at B, and Casco Bay at C.
841:
801:
3354:
204:
1747:
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3085:
A Short History of Annapolis Royal: the Port Royal of the French, From its Settlement in 1604 to the Withdrawal of the British Troops in 1854
1015:
990:
761:
243:
1063:. The successful British siege marked the beginning of permanent British control over the peninsular portion of Acadia, which they renamed
3235:
Contains muster rolls and other documents concerning Massachusetts participation, as well as an official British account of the expedition.
1903:
1146:
2194:
1788:
741:
1086:
The Conquest of Acadia was a foundational moment in the history of the Canadian state—it was a precursor to the British conquests of
1238:
was also recruited to serve as scouts on the expedition. When the fleet sailed on 29 September, it consisted of 36 transports, two
3309:
3304:
1008:
985:
911:
409:
236:
3329:
1737:
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to take Port Royal; for a variety of reasons, both attempts failed despite the expedition's significant numerical superiority.
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3193:
3166:
3135:
3072:
3051:
3022:
2999:
2946:
2351:
1675:
1632:
563:
386:
2729:
Donald Chard. Canso, 1710–1721: Focal Point of New England-Cape Breton Rivalry. Nva Scotia Historical Society. 1975. p. 50.
1917:, and very nearly led to renewed war. French negotiators were unable to recover Acadia, although they were able to retain
1847:
1177:
from Port Royal against English colonial shipping. The privateers were highly effective; the English fishing fleet on the
821:
1113:
almost since the French first began settling the area in 1604. It consequently became a focal point for conflict between
3299:
1706:
1535:
1106:
2366:
Prins, Harald E.L. (1996). The Mi'kmaq: Resistance, Accommodation, and Cultural Survival. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.
1568:
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1840:
1778:
1393:
670:
483:
419:
359:
319:
965:
2990:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
2157:
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1302:
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513:
302:
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1957:
1122:
941:
453:
228:
3344:
3184:
Reid, John; Basque, Maurice; Mancke, Elizabeth; Moody, Barry; Plank, Geoffrey; Wicken, William (2004).
1913:. The status of Acadia was one of the more contentious issues in the negotiations leading to the 1713
1696:
1619:
1548:
1475:
1191:
970:
851:
693:
523:
432:
339:
3244:
A Complete History Of The Most Remarkable Transactions At Sea From The Earliest Accounts Of Time. 1714
1926:
1515:
1505:
931:
871:
596:
583:
573:
553:
391:
324:
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Port Royal was defended by about 300 troops, many of whom were poorly trained recruits from France.
3319:
1914:
1598:
1435:
1325:
As the fleet sailed north, it was met by a dispatch vessel sent by Thomas Matthews, captain of the
1181:
was reduced by 80 percent between 1702 and 1707, and some English coastal communities were raided.
1158:
831:
503:
344:
307:
118:
901:
660:
297:
2965:
2071:
1525:
1403:
1362:
1043:, was a military siege conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of
703:
680:
292:
1117:
and French colonists in the next century. It was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by
493:
3220:
2795:
ARSENAULT, Bona, Histoire des Acadiens, Bibliothèque nationale du Québec. 1978. Leméac p. 140
2044:
1264:
861:
371:
3062:
3041:
2341:
2226:; many older English accounts use Old Style dates for this action: 24 September to 2 October
2406:
In the Province of History: The Making of the Public Past in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia.
2053:
1941:
1922:
1257:
1052:
650:
436:
154:
1906:
lead a force of 200 Acadians and native warriors in a siege of the fort, without success.
334:
8:
3349:
2023:
1910:
1798:
1588:
1243:
1102:
1075:
1060:
781:
771:
473:
267:
74:
32:
3083:
2970:. Publications of the Geological Survey of Canada. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada.
3155:
2983:
2936:
2032:
1930:
1867:
1793:
1455:
1271:
1114:
640:
381:
3183:
3226:
3199:
3189:
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3103:
3089:
3068:
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2995:
2988:
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2923:
2367:
2347:
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2014:
2002:
1642:
1578:
1358:
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1162:
1150:
1130:
1080:
1044:
791:
329:
178:
159:
142:
46:
2248:
For "Mi'kmaq" versus "Micmac" or other potential transliterations, see the article
2140:
2094:
2077:
1976:
1961:
1495:
1366:
606:
543:
2917:
1898:
The first French attempt to retake Annapolis Royal happened the next year. After
1145:
in 1702, colonists on both sides again prepared for conflict. Acadia's governor,
3011:
2130:
1918:
1609:
1411:
1339:
616:
3186:
The 'Conquest' of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions
2343:
The "Conquest" of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions
1314:
2116:
2039:
1828:
1227:
3293:
3267:
3253:
3203:
3145:
2975:
2109:
2100:
1984:
1816:
1757:
1378:
1186:
1185:
defenses to stop the French and aboriginal raids. Massachusetts Bay Governor
1118:
995:
3032:
2956:
2910:
English Army Lists and Commissions Registers, 1661–1714. Vol. VI. 1707–1714.
1880:. Massachusetts and New Hampshire proclaimed a day of public thanksgiving.
3230:
3176:
3114:
3093:
2927:
2090:
1944:, which both sides eventually fortified. The French interpreted the phrase
1887:
1727:
1211:
716:
182:
50:
2889:
Documents and papers relating to the Province of New Hampshire. Vol. III.
1891:
1877:
1346:
without incident, with fire from the fort answered by one of the fleet's
1178:
1091:
1064:
258:
82:
40:
2340:
Reid, John G.; Basque, Maurice; Mancke, Elizabeth; et al. (2004).
1965:
1950:
1087:
1293:
2786:
W.J. Eccles, France in America, Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. p. 107
2270:
2266:
2262:
2223:
2179:
1352:
1347:
1282:
1239:
1174:
1662:
1417:
1235:
1231:
149:
125:
3064:
From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755
1202:
1048:
164:
2136:
Company of Gunner and Matrosses, Colonel Samuel Vetch, Captain.
1980:
1154:
1153:
on the Massachusetts frontier in February 1704, the English in
1110:
427:
78:
1933:), which provided access to the important Atlantic fisheries.
1883:
1223:
1953:
to retain their sovereignty over their old hunting grounds.
1277:, which was already stationed at Boston. Nicholson sent HMS
2686:
2684:
2682:
2584:
2582:
2580:
1157:
organized a raid against Acadia the following May. Led by
1079:
questions concerning the fate of both the Acadians and the
2510:
2508:
2311:
2309:
2307:
3218:
3043:
The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760
2750:
2679:
2577:
2547:
2505:
2472:
2304:
3222:
Publications of the Society of Colonial Wars, Number 3
2339:
2377:
1902:in which a party of British soldiers was ambushed,
3154:
3130:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
3123:
3102:
3010:
2987:
2967:The Geology and Mineral Resources of New Brunswick
2938:A History of Port-Royal/Annapolis Royal 1605–1800
1960:was organized in France under the command of the
3291:
2115:Tailer's Regiment (Massachusetts Bay), Colonel
1297:Military engineer's drawing of Port Royal, 1702
1285:, which controlled naval access to Port Royal.
1197:
1074:The siege was the third British attempt during
109:
3239:John Charmock Biographia Navalis. 1794, p. 199
2446:. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.).
2108:Hobby's Regiment (Massachusetts Bay), Colonel
3161:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
2408:McGill-Queen's University Press. 2010. p. 78.
2105:Battalion of Marines, Colonel Robert Reading
1871:Evacuation of Port Royal, 1710 by CW Jefferys
1848:
1016:
244:
3335:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
2438:"Monbeton de Brouillan, Jacques-François de"
2143:), Major of Scouts John Livingston, Captain.
1129:, although it was restored to France by the
3370:Sieges of the War of the Spanish Succession
2880:Baudry, René (1969). "Aguer de Subercase."
2129:Walton's Regiment (New Hampshire), Colonel
1748:Mi'kmaq-Nova Scotia-Canada Tripartite Forum
2122:Whiting's Regiment (Connecticut), Colonel
1855:
1841:
1633:First airplane in the British Commonwealth
1338:ran aground while attempting to enter the
1121:, but eventually rebuilt. In 1690 it was
1023:
1009:
251:
237:
3060:
2822:Campbell & Kent 1785, vol. 5, p. 116.
2789:
2756:
2690:
2588:
2553:
2315:
1904:Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin
1147:Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan
3188:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3109:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3081:
2982:
2514:
2478:
2326:
2324:
1882:
1866:
1357:
1313:
1292:
1234:officer in the British Army. A band of
1201:
133:
3100:
3039:
2383:
2236:
2222:Dates in this article are given in the
1039:(5–13 October 1710), also known as the
3355:Pre-statehood history of Massachusetts
3292:
3152:
2489:
2487:
2435:
2195:Military history of the Mi’kmaq People
1789:Military history of the Mi’kmaq people
1707:NS Human Rights Commission established
1506:First significant Scottish immigration
1288:
3121:
3008:
2894:Campbell J. & Kent, John (1785).
2654:
2652:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2321:
2297:
2295:
2293:
1486:Representative Government established
1270:were sent from New York to join with
232:
2963:
2934:
2617:
2261:Made up of detachments from Holt's,
1136:
3067:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
2903:Canadian Military Heritage. Vol. 1.
2873:
2484:
1979:) now forms the border between the
1281:ahead of the fleet to blockade the
13:
3212:
2647:
2635:
2594:
2290:
2029:, 50 guns, Captain Walter Riddell
1990:
1569:Responsible Government established
14:
3381:
3219:Society of Colonial Wars (1897).
2882:Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
2059:, 35 guns, Captain Robert Paston
2050:, 32 guns, Captain George Gordon
2020:, 50 guns, Captain George Martin
1995:
1717:Acadian Federation of Nova Scotia
192:Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure
3046:. University of Oklahoma Press.
2922:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
2443:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2395:Prins, pp. 1–2; Reid et al, p. x
2200:Military history of the Acadians
2165:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
2150:
1822:
1810:
1784:Military history of the Acadians
1410:
1256:, were sent from England, while
1242:, and five warships. Two ships,
1083:who continued to occupy Acadia.
426:
135:
111:
39:
3310:Military history of New England
3305:Military history of Nova Scotia
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2670:
2661:
2626:
2608:
2568:
2559:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2496:
2463:
2454:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2398:
2389:
2346:. University of Toronto Press.
2255:
2205:Military history of Nova Scotia
1779:Military history of Nova Scotia
420:Military history of Nova Scotia
3330:Sieges involving Great Britain
2919:The Border Wars of New England
2360:
2333:
2242:
2229:
2216:
1321:, governor of Acadia 1706–1710
1094:in the middle of the century.
631:Halifax Provisional Battalion
1:
2916:Drake, Samuel Adams (1910) .
2404:McKay, Ian and Bates, Robin.
2279:
1983:provinces of Nova Scotia and
1890:became the first governor of
1143:War of the Spanish Succession
1127:Province of Massachusetts Bay
1097:
534:Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax
3105:The Colonial Wars, 1689–1762
3009:Fryer, Mary Beacock (1986).
2994:. W.W Norton & Company.
2912:London: Eyre and Spotswoode.
2284:
1384:
1198:British expedition organized
922:No. 2 Construction Battalion
822:Royal Nova Scotia Volunteers
661:Imprisonment of Leon Trotsky
574:Establishment of New Ireland
7:
3157:Nova Scotia's Massachusetts
2448:University of Toronto Press
2188:
2158:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
2068:, Commander Thomas Rochfort
1319:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
1171:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
1057:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
188:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
45:Portrait believed to be of
10:
3386:
3300:Military history of Acadia
3225:. Boston: self-published.
3082:MacVicar, William (1897).
3061:Griffiths, N.E.S. (2005).
3017:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
2915:
2887:Bouton, Nathaniel (1869).
2139:Company of Indian Scouts (
1697:Springhill mining disaster
1653:Nova Scotia Franchise Act
1059:, at the Acadian capital,
694:Battle of the St. Lawrence
597:Battle of the Great Redan
2840:Dalton 1904, pp. 283-290.
2440:. In Hayne, David (ed.).
1676:Coal Miners' Memorial Day
1599:Anti-Confederation Party
1559:First Acadian MLA elected
1516:Battle of Fort Cumberland
1141:With the outbreak of the
940:
930:
920:
910:
900:
890:
882:Princess Louise Fusiliers
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
715:
702:
692:
679:
669:
659:
649:
639:
629:
615:
605:
595:
582:
572:
562:
554:Battle of Fort Cumberland
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
278:
214:
197:
172:
102:
57:
38:
30:
25:
3340:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
3122:Plank, Geoffrey (2001).
3101:Peckham, Howard (1964).
3088:. Toronto: Copp, Clark.
2908:Dalton, Charles (1904).
2901:Chartrand, Rene (1993).
2210:
1309:
484:Northeast Coast Campaign
203:About 2,000 regular and
16:Part of Queen Anne's War
3325:Sieges involving France
3153:Rawlyk, George (1973).
2941:. Halifax, NS: Nimbus.
2858:Chartrand 1993, p. 162.
2099:Captain Walter Elliot,
1738:First Black MLA elected
1105:was the capital of the
942:Nova Scotia Highlanders
902:Cape Breton Highlanders
812:Royal Fencible American
282:Quebec and Newfoundland
3040:Grenier, John (2008).
3013:Battlefields of Canada
2436:Baudry, René (1979) .
1895:
1872:
1728:Westray Mine explosion
1436:Port Royal established
1404:History of Nova Scotia
1369:
1363:Province Galley (ship)
1322:
1298:
1207:
314:Acadia and New England
173:Commanders and leaders
3268:44.74167°N 65.51528°W
3126:An Unsettled Conquest
2935:Dunn, Brenda (2004).
2720:Reid et al, pp. 11–12
2273:regiments of marines.
1886:
1870:
1758:Viola Desmond Apology
1589:Co-op Movement begins
1526:Birchtown established
1466:Bay of Fundy Campaign
1361:
1317:
1296:
1205:
1192:two separate attempts
1055:under the command of
862:Nova Scotia Fencibles
832:King's Orange Rangers
802:84th Regiment of Foot
762:40th Regiment of Foot
651:Battle of Paardeberg
514:Bay of Fundy Campaign
215:Casualties and losses
2896:Biographia nautical.
2849:Bouton 1864, p. 453.
2163:150 soldiers of the
2160:, Governor of Acadia
1942:Isthmus of Chignecto
1923:Prince Edward Island
1549:Freedom of the Press
1053:Wabanaki Confederacy
966:Captivity narratives
671:Jewish Legion formed
454:Battle of Port Royal
366:Carolina and Florida
155:Wabanaki Confederacy
3365:1710 in Nova Scotia
3273:44.74167; -65.51528
3263: /
2984:Faragher, John Mack
2964:Ells, R. W (1907).
2867:Baudry 1969, p. 38.
2831:Drake 1897, p. 259.
2768:MacVicar, pp. 69–70
2632:MacVicar, pp. 58–60
2426:MacVicar, pp. 41–44
2417:MacVicar, pp. 13–29
2038:, 50 guns, Captain
1799:Black Nova Scotians
1686:Pugwash Conferences
1622:William D. Lawrence
1456:Halifax established
1289:Port Royal defences
1125:by forces from the
1037:siege of Port Royal
842:1st Field Artillery
772:Louisbourg Garrison
717:Halifax VE-Day riot
706:Point Pleasant Park
641:Battle of Witpoort
524:Siege of Louisbourg
494:Battle of Grand Pré
474:Battle of Winnepang
464:Siege of Port Royal
360:2nd Northeast Coast
320:1st Northeast Coast
26:Siege of Port Royal
3315:1710 in New France
3279:Conquest of Acadia
2574:Drake, pp. 254–256
2565:Drake, pp. 250–254
2535:Drake, pp. 225–236
2460:Drake, pp. 193–202
1946:ancient boundaries
1931:Cape Breton Island
1896:
1873:
1829:History portal
1794:History of Halifax
1579:Chesapeake Affair
1476:Fall of Louisbourg
1446:Conquest of Acadia
1370:
1323:
1299:
1208:
1041:Conquest of Acadia
912:Nova Scotia Rifles
504:Dartmouth Massacre
263:Spanish Succession
3345:Conflicts in 1710
3195:978-0-8020-3755-8
3168:978-0-7735-0142-3
3137:978-0-8122-1869-5
3074:978-0-7735-2699-0
3053:978-0-8061-3876-3
3024:978-1-55002-007-6
3001:978-0-393-05135-3
2948:978-1-55109-484-7
2711:Reid et al, p. 10
2353:978-0-8020-8538-2
2269:, Shannon's, and
2110:Sir Charles Hobby
2003:Francis Nicholson
1915:Treaty of Utrecht
1865:
1864:
1817:Canada portal
1766:
1765:
1643:Halifax Explosion
1216:Francis Nicholson
1166:attack was made.
1151:raid on Deerfield
1137:Early expeditions
1131:Treaty of Ryswick
1051:garrison and the
1047:against a French
1045:Francis Nicholson
1033:
1032:
950:
949:
852:Royal Nova Scotia
734:Notable regiments
725:
724:
683:Llandovery Castle
607:Siege of Lucknow
564:Raid on Lunenburg
400:
399:
227:
226:
179:Francis Nicholson
98:
97:
65:5–13 October 1710
47:Francis Nicholson
3377:
3360:Queen Anne's War
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3234:
3207:
3180:
3160:
3149:
3129:
3118:
3108:
3097:
3078:
3057:
3036:
3016:
3005:
2993:
2979:
2960:
2931:
2905:Art Global, Inc.
2874:Cited literature
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2757:Griffiths (2005)
2754:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2691:Griffiths (2005)
2688:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2645:
2644:Reid et al, p. 8
2642:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2605:Reid et al, p. 7
2603:
2592:
2589:Griffiths (2005)
2586:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:Griffiths (2005)
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2319:
2316:Griffiths (2005)
2313:
2302:
2299:
2274:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2141:Iroquois Indians
2095:Adjutant General
2078:Cyprian Southack
1977:Missaguash River
1958:grand expedition
1911:Seven Years' War
1857:
1850:
1843:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1496:Halifax Treaties
1432:
1431:
1414:
1389:
1388:
1367:Cyprian Southack
1163:raided Grand Pré
1076:Queen Anne's War
1025:
1018:
1011:
932:West Nova Scotia
782:Gorham's Rangers
752:Acadian militias
742:Mi'kmaq militias
738:
737:
544:Halifax Treaties
450:
449:
430:
405:
404:
273:
272:
270:
269:Queen Anne's War
253:
246:
239:
230:
229:
145:
141:
139:
138:
121:
117:
115:
114:
59:
58:
43:
33:Queen Anne's War
23:
22:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3320:1710s in Canada
3290:
3289:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3215:
3213:Further reading
3210:
3196:
3169:
3138:
3075:
3054:
3025:
3002:
2949:
2884:Toronto: 35–39.
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:MacVicar, p. 68
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:MacVicar, p. 62
2666:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:MacVicar, p. 61
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2595:
2587:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2544:MacVicar, p. 60
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2515:Faragher (2005)
2513:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2479:Faragher (2005)
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2191:
2171:Acadian Militia
2169:100 men of the
2153:
2131:Shadrach Walton
2124:William Whiting
2073:Province Galley
1998:
1993:
1991:Order of battle
1970:Annapolis Royal
1929:, (present day
1919:Isle Saint-Jean
1861:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1536:Capture of USS
1421:
1387:
1340:Annapolis River
1312:
1291:
1200:
1159:Benjamin Church
1139:
1100:
1069:Annapolis Royal
1029:
1000:
977:
976:
975:
960:
952:
951:
735:
727:
726:
584:Capture of USS
447:
439:
403:
402:
401:
396:
274:
268:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
190:
181:
136:
134:
112:
110:
94:British victory
86:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3181:
3167:
3150:
3136:
3119:
3098:
3079:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3037:
3023:
3006:
3000:
2980:
2961:
2947:
2932:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2759:, p. 253.
2749:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2702:Reid, pp. 9–10
2695:
2693:, p. 235.
2678:
2669:
2660:
2646:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2614:Rawlyk, p. 117
2607:
2593:
2591:, p. 233.
2576:
2567:
2558:
2556:, p. 224.
2546:
2537:
2528:
2526:Rawlyk, p. 100
2519:
2517:, p. 114.
2504:
2495:
2493:Peckham, p. 66
2483:
2481:, p. 113.
2471:
2462:
2453:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2397:
2388:
2384:Grenier (2008)
2376:
2359:
2352:
2332:
2320:
2318:, p. 234.
2303:
2301:Peckham, p. 84
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2254:
2250:Mi'kmaq people
2241:
2237:Grenier (2008)
2228:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:Some Canadians
2173:
2167:
2161:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2117:William Tailer
2113:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2040:Thomas Mathews
2030:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1996:British forces
1994:
1992:
1989:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1386:
1383:
1311:
1308:
1290:
1287:
1228:Paul Mascarene
1199:
1196:
1138:
1135:
1099:
1096:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
968:
962:
961:
959:Related topics
958:
957:
954:
953:
948:
947:
944:
938:
937:
934:
928:
927:
924:
918:
917:
914:
908:
907:
904:
898:
897:
894:
888:
887:
884:
878:
877:
874:
872:Halifax Rifles
868:
867:
864:
858:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
838:
837:
834:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
798:
797:
794:
792:Danks' Rangers
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
758:
757:
754:
748:
747:
744:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
723:
722:
719:
713:
712:
709:
700:
699:
696:
690:
689:
686:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
627:
626:
623:
613:
612:
609:
603:
602:
599:
593:
592:
589:
580:
579:
576:
570:
569:
566:
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
470:
469:
466:
460:
459:
456:
448:
446:Notable events
445:
444:
441:
440:
431:
423:
422:
416:
415:
398:
397:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
367:
363:
362:
357:
352:
350:2nd Port Royal
347:
342:
340:1st Port Royal
337:
332:
327:
322:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
300:
298:2nd St. John's
295:
293:1st St. John's
290:
284:
283:
279:
276:
275:
256:
255:
248:
241:
233:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
210:Fewer than 300
208:
200:
199:
195:
194:
185:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
130:
129:
128:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3382:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3285:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2758:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2502:Drake, p. 225
2499:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2469:Drake, p. 202
2466:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:, p. 15.
2385:
2380:
2373:
2372:0-03-053427-5
2369:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2330:Drake, p. 259
2327:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2235:According to
2232:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:French forces
2148:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Brigade Major
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1986:
1985:New Brunswick
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Duc d'Anville
1959:
1956:In 1746, the
1954:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:(present-day
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1820:
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1212:Samuel Vetch
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387:Charles Town
355:Bloody Creek
349:
288:Newfoundland
183:Samuel Vetch
132:
108:
103:Belligerents
51:Michael Dahl
18:
3271: /
2891:Manchester.
2747:Reid, p. 26
2676:Dunn, p. 83
2271:Churchill's
2084:Land forces
1892:Nova Scotia
1878:Nova Scotia
1719:established
1688:established
1226:warfare by
1179:Grand Banks
1065:Nova Scotia
971:Impressment
704:Sinking of
681:Sinking of
619:Tallahassee
372:Flint River
303:Fort Albany
83:Nova Scotia
3350:New France
3294:Categories
3277: (
3258:65°30′55″W
3255:44°44′30″N
2813:Ells, p. 8
2658:Reid, p. 9
2280:References
2180:privateers
2076:, Captain
2047:Lowestoffe
1966:Louisbourg
1927:Île Royale
1900:a skirmish
1663:Launch of
1620:Launch of
1610:Saxby Gale
1538:Chesapeake
1348:bomb ships
1103:Port Royal
1098:Background
1088:Louisbourg
1061:Port Royal
586:Chesapeake
261:War of the
205:provincial
75:Port Royal
3204:249082697
3146:424128960
2976:623250098
2285:Citations
2224:New Style
2147:Sources:
2056:Feversham
1968:and then
1385:Aftermath
1353:guerrilla
1303:Subercase
1283:Digby Gut
1267:Lowestoft
1260:Feversham
946:from 1954
936:from 1916
926:1916–1919
916:1914–1919
906:from 1871
896:1869–1871
886:from 1867
876:from 1860
866:1803–1816
856:1793–1802
846:from 1791
836:1776–1783
826:1775–1783
816:1775–1783
806:1775–1784
796:1756–1762
786:1744–1762
776:1717–1758
766:1717–1757
756:1689–1761
746:1677–1779
698:1942–1944
548:1760–1761
392:Pensacola
382:Apalachee
345:Haverhill
335:Grand Pré
330:Deerfield
53:, c. 1710
3033:15554679
2986:(2005).
2957:54775638
2189:See also
2185:Source:
2156:Captain
2089:Colonel
2026:Falmouth
2001:Colonel
1981:Canadian
1665:Bluenose
1418:Bluenose
1395:a series
1392:Part of
1246:Falmouth
1236:Iroquois
1232:Huguenot
1123:captured
986:Category
411:a series
408:Part of
325:Falmouth
207:soldiers
198:Strength
150:Acadians
126:Iroquois
70:Location
31:Part of
3231:5250963
3177:1371993
3115:1175484
3094:6408962
2928:2358736
2898:Dublin.
2035:Chester
1951:Mi'kmaq
1601:elected
1500:1760–61
1331:Mi'kmaq
1327:Chester
1279:Chester
1274:Chester
1161:, they
1115:English
1081:Mi'kmaq
1049:Acadian
991:Commons
437:Halifax
223:Unknown
220:Unknown
165:Abenaki
160:Mi'kmaq
3229:
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2263:Will's
2017:Dragon
1925:) and
1426:Events
1398:on the
1336:Caesar
1253:Dragon
1155:Boston
1111:Acadia
1092:Quebec
621:escape
414:on the
308:Quebec
143:France
140:
116:
91:Result
79:Acadia
2267:Fox's
2211:Notes
2178:Some
2065:Starr
2009:Fleet
1771:Other
1310:Siege
1224:siege
1169:When
49:, by
3227:OCLC
3200:OCLC
3190:ISBN
3173:OCLC
3163:ISBN
3142:OCLC
3132:ISBN
3111:OCLC
3090:OCLC
3069:ISBN
3048:ISBN
3029:OCLC
3019:ISBN
2996:ISBN
2972:OCLC
2953:OCLC
2943:ISBN
2924:OCLC
2368:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2063:HMS
2054:HMS
2045:HMS
2033:HMS
2024:HMS
2015:HMS
1762:2010
1752:1997
1742:1993
1732:1992
1722:1968
1711:1967
1701:1958
1691:1957
1680:1925
1670:1922
1657:1918
1647:1917
1637:1909
1627:1873
1614:1869
1604:1867
1593:1861
1583:1861
1573:1848
1563:1837
1553:1835
1543:1813
1530:1783
1520:1776
1510:1773
1490:1758
1480:1758
1470:1755
1460:1749
1450:1710
1440:1605
1272:HMS
1265:HMS
1263:and
1258:HMS
1251:HMS
1249:and
1244:HMS
1230:, a
1090:and
1035:The
721:1945
711:1945
688:1918
675:1917
665:1917
655:1899
645:1899
635:1885
625:1861
617:CSS
611:1857
601:1855
591:1813
578:1812
568:1782
558:1776
538:1758
528:1758
518:1755
508:1751
498:1747
488:1745
478:1722
468:1710
458:1690
62:Date
1109:of
435:in
3296::
3198:.
3171:.
3140:.
3027:.
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2681:^
2649:^
2637:^
2596:^
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2292:^
2265:,
2093:,
1987:.
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1856:e
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1024:e
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252:e
245:t
238:v
85:)
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