114:
43:
562:
British soldiers disarmed and briefly detained them, and then chose to send them home. Some
Cherokees, who had not been involved in the treachery, were bitter over this treatment, and raided Virginia's frontier settlements while returning to the Tennessee Valley. Virginia settlers got angry and banded together to pursue the Cherokee, attacking them and killing, scalping and mutilating 20 of the Indians, later collecting the bounty offered for enemy scalps. Although
577:, declared war on the Cherokee in 1759. The governor embargoed all shipments of gunpowder to the Cherokee and raised an army of 1,100 provincial troops which marched to confront the Lower Towns of the Cherokee. Desperate for ammunition for their fall and winter hunts, the nation sent a peace delegation of moderate chiefs to negotiate. The thirty-two chiefs were taken prisoner, as hostages, and, escorted by the provincial army, were sent to
517:
645:
659:
married to Indian women and these women were allowed to come and go because the
Cherokee did not wish to start feuds with the women's tribes and families. The women were able to smuggle in some much needed food. However this was not enough to indefinitely sustain the garrison and Demeré had reported to Lyttleton in January that his supplies could only last four months.
720:. The garrison marched out of the fort on August 9 with a Cherokee escort. The Indians entered the fort and found 10 bags of powder and ball buried and the cannon and small arms thrown in the river to keep them from the Cherokee. Some of the Indians, angered by the broken agreement, held a secret council and decided to go after the garrison.
636:) of the Lower Towns, and Round O of the Middle Towns. The Cherokee sought allies among the other Indian tribes and help from the French but received no practical aid and faced the British alone. While some Cherokee leaders still called for peace, others led retaliatory raids on outlying pioneer settlements.
694:, Estatoe and Sugar Town, killing or capturing around 100 Indians. The British advanced on the Cherokee Middle Towns and some five miles from Etchoe, the lowest town in the Cherokee's middle settlements, Montgomerie's advanced guard of a company of Rangers was ambushed in a deep valley. On June 27 the
723:
The next morning the garrison's Indian escort had drifted off and the garrison was attacked in the woods by perhaps 700 Indians. Some 22 soldiers, including all the officers except Stuart, roughly equal to the number of
Cherokee chief hostages killed at Fort Prince George, and 3 civilians were killed
689:
The two objectives of this second expedition were to subdue the
Cherokee by razing their towns and crops, while relieving those posts invested by the Cherokee, in particular, Fort Loudoun. In late May the British had reached Fort Ninety-Six and Montgomerie's campaign burned some of the Cherokee Lower
584:
As smallpox broke out among his troops
Governor Lyttleton feared the desertion of most of his force and hurried back to Charleston in great disorder. The Cherokee were still angry, and continued to attack frontier settlements into 1760. In February 1760, they attacked Fort Prince George in an attempt
735:
Panic and consternation reigned in
Charleston at the news of the fall of the fort. A truce of six months was agreed to during which peace attempts failed. After a difficult winter for the Cherokee due to the loss of the Lower Towns' harvest and shortage of ammunition for hunting, as well as disease,
411:
the
Cherokee were sought after as allies by the British and Provincial Colonial Governments to help contest the frontiers against the French and their Indian allies. An alliance was formed and both sides initially fulfilled each other's expectations. The Cherokee provided warriors and in return the
800:
in 1761, and proceeded to construct Fort
Robinson. Concerned over this invasion force, the Overhill Cherokee sent Chief Old Hop (Conocotocko) to Long Island of the Holston to seek peace. Colonel Stephen agreed, and peace was concluded in November 1761, before any action took place. At the behest
727:
Captain Stuart was saved from the initial massacre of the soldiers by the intervention of a
Cherokee woman, likely his wife, Susannah, who ran in among the soldiers during the firing to shield him. As commander of the artillery, it was Ostenaco's plan to force Stuart to show the Cherokee how to use
702:
The siege ground on through June, July and into August with the garrison reduced to eating the horses and getting progressively weaker every day from hunger and sickness. Several soldiers deserted and others threatened to desert. On August 6 a council of the officers agreed to seek surrender terms.
698:
ensued in which the
British advance was halted and the force's wounded, including Montgomerie, were so numerous and seriously hurt that there was no possibility of leaving the wounded behind and continuing to advance. The invading British were compelled to retire and the relief of Fort Loudoun was
662:
The Cherokee cut off the garrison from all other outside aid or communications. When several of Demeré's messengers were either killed or captured and all other white colonists declined to volunteer, Demeré turned to an African-American slave named Abram, to whom he promised freedom as a reward, if
585:
to rescue the remaining 16 hostages, killing the fort's commander. The new commander ordered the garrison to move the hostages, which resulted in a confrontation that saw the hostages being killed by the garrison. And two days later the fort fired several artillery shots into the Cherokee town of
788:
Grant's force then proceeded to burn the fifteen Middle Towns and all the crops. Grant expressly ordered the troops to summarily execute any Indian man, woman or child they captured. Although, by July, Grant had marched his men to exhaustion with 300 too sick to walk, he had wrecked the Cherokee
561:
contingent left, while that of the Cherokee stayed, but dwindled. Then, a group of Cherokee warriors scalped and killed one or more white settlers and deceptively attempted to proclaim to the British the scalps belonged to their enemies in order to receive a reward. Suspicious of the truth, the
658:
At the commencement of the siege the warriors fired their rifles for a few days at the soldiers in the fort but soon ceased in order to conserve precious ammunition. The Cherokee prevented the soldiers and settlers from leaving the fort to hunt or gather foodstuffs. However, some soldiers were
479:
Indian allies. The fort was to be both a trading post supplying manufactured goods, guns and powder to the Cherokee as well as providing additional defense of the Cherokee Middle Towns as well as a refuge for Cherokee women and children while their warriors were away on campaign.
736:
Cherokee morale still remained high. In a goodwill gesture, the Cherokee allowed Fort Prince George to receive a limited amount of supplies and even though it was almost as vulnerable as Fort Loudoun had been the Cherokee did not put it under close siege.
528:
for much of their supplies. Fort Loudoun's first commander was Captain Raymond Demeré who was friendly with the Cherokee, he was replaced by his brother, Paul Demeré whose overbearing nature exacerbated bad relations with the Cherokee. In 1759 Captain
732:- the Little Carpenter, who first ransomed and then aided Stuart to escape. Stuart would later on January 5, 1762, be appointed Royal Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southern Districts of North America and hold this office for 18 years.
784:
and rangers. His force was more than 2,800 strong. Grant would be met by 1,000 Cherokee warriors on June 10, 1761 near the site of the previous battle of Echoee. The Cherokee fought until their limited ammunition was exhausted and then withdrew.
715:
forced the garrison to surrender with Captain Demeré and the garrison allowed to retain their arms and enough ammunition to make the trip back to the colony provided they left the remaining arms and stores of ammunition to the Cherokee led by
483:
Building of the fort began by 120 troops of Sergeant William Gibbs' South Carolina Provincial Militia accompanied by 80 British regulars and was continued by Captain Postell's Company of construction into 1757. It was named after General
739:
Amherst subsequently determined to launch a third and greater invasion of the Cherokee lands "to chastise the Cherokees reduce them to the absolute necessity of suing for pardon,". James Grant was now in command with more regulars: the
663:
he could carry messages through the Indian lines and across the mountains to South Carolina. Abram made the dangerous and harrowing passage several times and was freed by the South Carolina Commons House in a tax bill in 1761.
809:
to the Overhill country to consolidate peace with the various villages. A journal and map created by Timberlake during this expedition would later prove invaluable to early explorers and settlers of Tennessee.
533:
and a reinforcement of 60 or 70 artillerymen of the South Carolina Provincial Regiment, known as the 'Buffs' after their facing colors, arrived bringing supplies of meat, flour, salt, ammunition and clothing.
512:
covering the front gate. When completed, operational and garrisoned by 90 regulars and 120 provincial troops in the summer of 1757 the troops families moved to the fort and a small community was started.
792:
Following the destruction of Fort Loudoun, Amherst dispatched yet another force from Virginia under Colonel William Byrd in 1761. While Byrd moved against the Middle Towns, he dispatched Colonel
284:
412:
British and Provincials provided supplies and protection of the warriors homelands. However, the alliance unravelled and soon incidents by both sides provoked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758.
2808:
3043:
2053:
2813:
277:
2023:
2176:
2191:
2161:
1988:
703:
Captain Demeré was refused when he asked to surrender but Captain Stuart, who was well liked by the Indians, reached an agreement with the Cherokee chiefs at Chota.
214:
270:
724:
and 120 or more were taken prisoners. Captain Demeré alone was tortured, scalped, made to dance and beaten until he died for betraying the surrender agreement.
566:, the lieutenant governor of Virginia, apologized other Virginians called them horse thieves. Some Cherokees retaliated and the situation spun out of control.
1809:
679:
2196:
2018:
420:
The British had reports that indicated the French were planning to build forts in Cherokee territory (as they had already done with Ft. Charleville at
77:
581:
and held in a tiny room only big enough for six people. Three of the chiefs were released conditionally, Lyttleton thought this would ensure peace.
3033:
1856:
444:). With the Cherokee now their allies, the British hastened to build forts of their own in the Cherokee lands, completing Fort Prince George near
686:. The regulars were joined by some 300 mounted Carolina rangers, in seven troops, and 100 militia as well a party of 40 to 50 Catawba warriors.
471:
as part of an alliance treaty with the Cherokee in return for a field force of Cherokee warriors to help in the campaign against the French at
3023:
262:
671:
207:
3038:
3008:
2783:
593:, but it withstood the siege. However, settlements and lesser posts in the South Carolina backcountry quickly fell to Cherokee raids.
2013:
1325:
1891:
1361:
3028:
200:
3013:
1929:
574:
2151:
1846:
1174:
1145:
2321:
1886:
789:
economy and made 4,000 inhabitants of the Middle Towns homeless and starving. In August 1761 the Cherokee sued for peace.
2429:
2306:
578:
247:
2391:
1955:
1638:
1292:
683:
667:
538:
485:
2723:
2474:
1247:
1211:
1196:
1123:
768:
warriors; a large number of provincials under Colonel Middleton that included several who would gain fame during the
549:, then the leading chief of the Cherokee, ordered his warriors home. Later, a contingent of Cherokee warriors under
2833:
1876:
1784:
1779:
1386:
1320:
601:
2238:
1726:
453:
2638:
2613:
2459:
2386:
2296:
292:
3018:
2396:
2131:
1973:
1896:
1799:
537:
The alliance between the Cherokee and the British began to unravel with the British expedition under General
2868:
2658:
2653:
2484:
2361:
1672:
1539:
497:
2573:
1794:
1643:
1626:
1462:
777:
242:
682:
to South Carolina in order to mount a second expedition against the Cherokee. His second in command was
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2618:
2593:
2211:
2201:
1904:
1814:
1789:
1616:
1423:
797:
590:
404:(in what is now Tennessee) composed of British and colonial soldiers commanded by Captain Paul Demeré.
294:
2853:
2628:
2406:
2401:
2341:
2291:
2231:
2156:
2098:
1993:
1983:
1697:
1544:
1406:
1346:
728:
the 12 captured cannon against the other British forts. Stuart had a great friend among the Indians,
329:
314:
2439:
2266:
2221:
2088:
1841:
1831:
1804:
1774:
1396:
939:
The Colonial Records of South Carolina, Journal of the Commons House of Assembly Oct. 1757-Jan.1761
712:
475:. The Virginians in particular were desperate for Cherokee assistance against the French and their
401:
334:
319:
119:
467:
Fort Loudoun was built as an outpost of the British and their colony of South Carolina during the
2788:
2316:
2256:
2116:
1978:
1946:
1753:
542:
374:
369:
359:
349:
344:
1116:
Crucible of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766
2753:
2673:
2489:
2146:
1836:
1285:
691:
530:
489:
73:
2479:
2216:
1998:
1677:
1503:
806:
525:
500:, who departed before completion on Christmas Day 1756. The earthen walls topped with wooden
493:
468:
408:
354:
299:
34:
508:
each mounting 3 small cannon or swivel guns. The moat was some 50 feet wide and there was a
2743:
2678:
2454:
2414:
2226:
1920:
1912:
1709:
1667:
1657:
1633:
1611:
1435:
433:
421:
339:
8:
2893:
2469:
2409:
2351:
2331:
2251:
2136:
2028:
1936:
1704:
1621:
1411:
1401:
1376:
769:
651:
488:, the British Commander in Chief in North America. It was sited on the south side of the
429:
324:
2336:
2003:
1741:
1687:
1682:
1594:
1478:
1391:
504:
15 feet high and 100 feet long on each side and the 4 corners were 2 large and 2 small
452:
towns. Once the forts were built, the Cherokee raised 400 warriors to fight in western
437:
393:
224:
30:
1261:
1095:
2928:
2798:
2748:
2513:
2434:
2366:
2326:
2301:
2186:
2141:
2106:
1714:
1692:
1662:
1652:
1551:
1498:
1381:
1351:
1278:
1243:
1207:
1192:
1170:
1141:
1119:
856:
Letter to John Ross from Principal Chief Charles Renatus Hicks, dated July 15th, 1825
449:
364:
2898:
2728:
2608:
2533:
2424:
2346:
2126:
1820:
1746:
1731:
1720:
1604:
1587:
1534:
1493:
1428:
1418:
1341:
802:
773:
695:
563:
558:
550:
425:
252:
50:
42:
2948:
2793:
2778:
2718:
2693:
2444:
2419:
2371:
2271:
2246:
2093:
2083:
2048:
1941:
1758:
1315:
1182:
The Dividing Paths: Cherokees and South Carolinians through the Era of Revolution
520:
The view of reconstructed fort interior from Bastion King George to the barracks.
441:
524:
The fort remained dependent on white settlements nearly 200 miles east over the
2943:
2938:
2918:
2903:
2838:
2738:
2568:
2538:
2518:
2381:
2311:
2043:
2038:
1736:
1576:
1488:
1356:
781:
761:
729:
613:
597:
570:
461:
2982:
2933:
2923:
2733:
2708:
2698:
2683:
2563:
2528:
2494:
2171:
2033:
1518:
753:
674:
with an army of 1,300 to 1,500 troops including 400 in four companies of the
546:
472:
557:. During the expedition, the enemy proved elusive. After several weeks, the
2953:
2888:
2773:
2768:
2523:
2449:
2376:
1508:
1457:
793:
554:
1131:
History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent
448:
in South Carolina among the Cherokee Lower Towns; and Fort Loudoun in the
2913:
2873:
2763:
2713:
2688:
2648:
1513:
1452:
1440:
675:
1233:
Sketches of the character, manners, and present state of the Highlanders
2863:
2858:
2848:
2823:
2643:
2598:
2578:
2558:
2548:
2103:
1561:
1483:
605:
496:. The elongated diamond-shaped fort was designed by a German engineer,
457:
1189:
Fortress America: The Forts That Defended America, 1600 to the Present
553:
accompanied Virginian troops on a campaign against the Shawnee of the
2883:
2878:
2843:
2668:
2603:
2583:
2553:
2356:
2111:
2078:
2008:
1881:
1566:
765:
749:
745:
396:
fought from February 1760 to August 1760 between the warriors of the
192:
82:
516:
2908:
2633:
2543:
2181:
1571:
1301:
741:
717:
644:
629:
625:
501:
492:
on high ground about five miles below the Cherokee capitol town of
397:
132:
2464:
2206:
2121:
2058:
1445:
1040:
Bancroft, p. 354, gives 200 and overall in the war 300 prisoners.
757:
509:
505:
476:
2166:
2073:
2068:
1556:
1371:
1366:
621:
586:
445:
2828:
2063:
545:
in 1758. The Cherokee felt their efforts were unappreciated.
2968:
1270:
1266:
1228:. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
2805:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
1219:
Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee
670:, the British commander in North America. Amherst sent
3044:
Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
1226:
Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756–63
1153:
Biography and history of the Indians of North America
796:to attack the Overhill Towns. Stephen arrived at
464:led another large group to attack Fort Toulouse.
2980:
2705:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
2665:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
959:Woodward, p.74; Drake, p. 376. Fortescue, p.400.
1204:Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, 1492-1890
801:of the Cherokee, Stephen dispatched Lieutenant
110:
1286:
1100:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
278:
208:
950:Oliphant, p.113. Hatley gives 1,200, p.131.
836:John Stuart Beloved Father of the Cherokees
1293:
1279:
1184:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
285:
271:
215:
201:
1140:, University of New Mexico Press, 2005,
666:Governor Lyttleton appealed for help to
643:
515:
3034:Pre-statehood history of South Carolina
852:
850:
848:
2981:
1242:, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963,
222:
1274:
266:
196:
3024:Battles of the French and Indian War
845:
400:led by Ostenaco and the garrison of
2307:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
1402:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
1169:, New York University Press, 2011,
1167:New Men: Manliness in Early America
1162:, MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II.
13:
3039:Pre-statehood history of Tennessee
1956:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
1235:, Vols 1 & 2. Edinburgh, 1825.
486:John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun
428:); Ft. Toulouse, near present-day
296:Seven Years' War in North America:
14:
3055:
3009:Colonial American and Indian wars
2625:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
2590:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1265:Fort Loudoun State Historic Area
1254:
1058:Bancroft, p. 355. Woodward, p.76.
1780:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
112:
64:February, 1760 to August 9, 1760
41:
2760:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
1231:Stewart, David, Major General.
1187:Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W..
1108:
1102:, 2009. Accessed: 24 May 2012.
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
941:, Columbia, S.C., 1996, p.xvii.
931:
922:
913:
678:and a 700-man battalion of the
436:; Ft. St. Pierre at modern day
3029:Battles involving the Cherokee
2460:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
2387:Chief Vann House Historic Site
2297:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
1138:The Cherokee Nation: A History
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
828:
819:
1:
3014:1760 in the Thirteen Colonies
2397:Museum of the Cherokee People
1160:A History of the British Army
977:Anderson, p.462. Keenan. p.40
813:
415:
392:was an engagement during the
2485:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
2362:Red Clay State Historic Park
1974:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
1300:
874:Mooney, p. 42. Conley, p.47.
706:
589:. The Cherokee now attacked
7:
2969:Cherokee-language Knowledge
2789:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
1810:Cherokee Southwest Township
1795:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
1727:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
1644:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
1463:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
778:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
440:; and Ft. Tombeckbe on the
10:
3060:
1930:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
1905:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1815:Oconaluftee Indian Village
1790:Original Keetoowah Society
798:Long Island of the Holston
752:Regiments, a war-party of
16:1760 conflict in Tennessee
2964:
2503:
2342:Trail of Tears State Park
2292:Cherokee National Capitol
2282:
1964:
1869:
1767:
1698:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
1673:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
1527:
1471:
1407:Cherokee Immersion School
1334:
1308:
1118:. New York: Knopf, 2000.
937:Lipscomb, Terry, W., ed..
680:Montgomerie's Highlanders
596:The Cherokee were led by
310:
301:The French and Indian War
234:
165:
141:
126:
101:
56:
40:
28:
23:
2475:Fort Smith Historic Site
2243:Western Cherokee Nation
1842:Cherokee Central Schools
1627:Battle of Lindley's Fort
1397:Cherokee (Unicode block)
1165:Foster, Thomas A., ed..
1133:, Vol. IV, Boston, 1872.
639:
2834:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
2820:Other notable Cherokee
1754:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
1238:Woodward, Grace Steele.
1191:, Da Capo Press, 2004,
1151:Drake, Samuel Gardner.
711:The failure to relieve
575:William Henry Lyttelton
498:William Gerald de Brahm
47:Map of Cherokee Country
2754:William Charles Rogers
2674:William Holland Thomas
2450:The Great Trading Path
1617:Cherokee–American wars
655:
521:
490:Little Tennessee River
127:Commanders and leaders
74:Little Tennessee River
2480:Port Royal State Park
1705:Transylvania Purchase
1678:Treaty of Hard Labour
1600:Siege of Fort Loudoun
1326:United Keetoowah Band
1085:Anderson, pp.466-467.
672:Archibald Montgomerie
648:Portrait of Ostenaco
647:
526:Appalachian Mountains
519:
469:French and Indian War
409:French and Indian War
390:siege of Fort Loudoun
304:, Ohio Valley Theater
166:Casualties and losses
35:French and Indian War
24:Siege of Fort Loudoun
3019:Battles in Tennessee
2744:Samuel Houston Mayes
1921:The Cherokee Tobacco
1913:Worcester v. Georgia
1897:freedmen controversy
1857:Sequoyah High School
1847:Cherokee High School
1710:Chickamauga Cherokee
1668:Treaty of Turkeytown
1658:Treaty of New Echota
1634:Nickajack Expedition
1612:Cherokee War of 1776
569:The new governor of
434:Natchez, Mississippi
2352:Rattlesnake Springs
1937:Cherokee Commission
1622:Battle of Hightower
1509:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
1412:New Kituwah Academy
1377:Green Corn Ceremony
1094:Schroedl, Gerald, "
840:Highlander Magazine
825:Kaufmann, pp.87-88.
770:American Revolution
652:Sir Joshua Reynolds
430:Montgomery, Alabama
325:Braddock Expedition
137:Captain Paul Demeré
2544:Outacite of Keowee
2455:The Great War Path
2430:Oconaluftee valley
2415:Stick Ball Grounds
2337:Tellico Blockhouse
1742:Indian Removal Act
1688:Treaty of Hopewell
1683:Treaty of Lochaber
1639:American Civil War
1595:Anglo-Cherokee War
1479:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
1206:, New York, 1999,
1155:, Boston, MDCCCLI.
1136:Conley, Robert J..
1129:Bancroft, George.
842:, Sept./Oct. 1993.
834:Nichols, John L..
656:
579:Fort Prince George
522:
438:Yazoo, Mississippi
394:Anglo-Cherokee War
248:Fort Prince George
226:Anglo-Cherokee War
31:Anglo-Cherokee War
3004:Conflicts in 1761
2999:Conflicts in 1760
2994:Conflicts in 1759
2989:Conflicts in 1758
2976:
2975:
2929:Clement V. Rogers
2799:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
2749:Thomas Buffington
2514:Moytoy of Tellico
2435:Oconaluftee River
2367:Hair Conrad Cabin
2302:Chieftains Museum
1853:Sequoyah Schools
1715:Overhill Cherokee
1693:Treaty of Holston
1663:Treaty of Tellico
1653:Cherokee treaties
1424:Spiritual beliefs
1175:978-0-8147-2781-2
1158:Fortescue J. W..
1146:978-0-8263-3234-9
690:Towns, including
684:Major James Grant
432:; Ft. Rosalie at
383:
382:
365:Forbes Expedition
260:
259:
191:
190:
97:
96:
3051:
2899:Markwayne Mullin
2729:Dennis Bushyhead
2609:Charles R. Hicks
2534:Moytoy of Citico
2425:Tuckasegee River
2347:Brainerd Mission
2332:Sequoyah's Cabin
2239:Cherokee Nations
1877:Principal Chiefs
1870:Politics and law
1821:Unto These Hills
1785:Warriors Society
1747:Cherokee descent
1721:Cherokee Phoenix
1605:Battle of Echoee
1588:Battle of Taliwa
1567:skiagusta (rank)
1494:Moon-eyed people
1429:Moon-eyed people
1347:National holiday
1295:
1288:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1224:Oliphant, John.
1180:Hatley, Thomas.
1114:Anderson, Fred.
1103:
1096:Henry Timberlake
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:Anderson, p.466.
1074:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:Anderson, p.465.
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
978:
975:
969:
968:Anderson, p. 462
966:
960:
957:
951:
948:
942:
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
884:
883:Anderson, p.460.
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
843:
832:
826:
823:
803:Henry Timberlake
774:William Moultrie
696:battle of Echoee
456:under Ostenaco.
426:Cumberland River
305:
302:
297:
287:
280:
273:
264:
263:
229:
227:
217:
210:
203:
194:
193:
122:
118:
116:
115:
93:Cherokee victory
78:Cherokee Country
58:
57:
51:Henry Timberlake
45:
21:
20:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2960:
2949:Kimberly Teehee
2809:James L. Gordon
2794:Bill John Baker
2779:Wilma Mankiller
2719:William P. Ross
2694:Patrick Lambert
2539:Standing Turkey
2499:
2445:Sycamore Shoals
2420:Cullasaja River
2372:Nancy Ward Tomb
2322:John Ross House
2284:
2278:
2272:Qualla Boundary
2247:Cherokee Nation
2049:Hiwassee Island
1979:Amoyeligunahita
1966:
1960:
1865:
1832:Female Seminary
1805:Heritage groups
1775:Heritage Center
1763:
1759:Texas Cherokees
1572:outacite (rank)
1523:
1467:
1330:
1316:Cherokee Nation
1304:
1299:
1257:
1217:Mooney, James.
1202:Keenan, Jerry.
1111:
1106:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:Anderson, p.465
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:Anderson, p.464
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:Woodward, p.76.
1012:
1008:
1004:Kaufmann, p.89.
1003:
999:
995:Woodward, p.75.
994:
990:
985:
981:
976:
972:
967:
963:
958:
954:
949:
945:
936:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:
846:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
760:Indian scouts,
709:
668:Jeffrey Amherst
649:
642:
602:Principal Chief
598:Standing Turkey
591:Fort Ninety Six
454:Virginia Colony
442:Tombigbee River
422:Great Salt Lick
418:
386:
385:
384:
379:
315:Jumonville Glen
306:
300:
295:
293:
291:
261:
256:
230:
225:
223:
221:
179:
156:
113:
111:
107:Cherokee Nation
85:
80:
76:
48:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Hastings Shade
2941:
2939:Durbin Feeling
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Jenny McIntosh
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:Yvette Herrell
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Nunnahitsunega
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Elias Boudinot
2851:
2846:
2841:
2839:Turtle-at-Home
2836:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Johnson Harris
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Dragging Canoe
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Attakullakulla
2516:
2510:Early leaders
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Bussell Island
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Ross's Landing
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Judaculla Rock
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2285:memorial sites
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Spike Bucktown
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1942:Cherokee Strip
1934:
1926:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Trail of Tears
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1577:Raven of Chota
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Horned Serpent
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1255:External links
1253:
1252:
1251:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1221:. Dover, 1995.
1215:
1200:
1185:
1178:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1134:
1127:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
986:Hatley, p.132.
979:
970:
961:
952:
943:
930:
928:Hatley, p.133.
921:
919:Hatley, p.127.
912:
903:
901:Hatley, p.124.
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
844:
827:
817:
815:
812:
782:Francis Marion
730:Attakullakulla
708:
705:
641:
638:
632:, Wauhatchie (
614:Attakullakulla
571:South Carolina
543:Fort Dusquesne
462:Attakullakulla
417:
414:
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
360:Bloody Springs
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
320:Fort Necessity
317:
311:
308:
307:
290:
289:
282:
275:
267:
258:
257:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
232:
231:
220:
219:
212:
205:
197:
189:
188:
187:
186:
183:
178:
177:
173:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
161:
160:
155:
154:
150:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
124:
123:
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
72:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
38:
37:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3056:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Redbird Smith
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Sam Sixkiller
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Joel B. Mayes
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Lewis Downing
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:Richard Sneed
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Gerard Parker
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Tahlonteeskee
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:William Hicks
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Little Turkey
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2495:Cherokee Path
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:Landmarks and
2281:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:Eastern Band
2262:
2258:
2257:Tahlonteeskee
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Running Water
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Male Seminary
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:Organizations
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1260:Fort Loudoun
1259:
1258:
1249:
1248:0-8061-1815-6
1245:
1241:
1240:The Cherokees
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:0-393-31915-6
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:0-306-81294-0
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:0-375-40642-5
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1022:Conley, p.52.
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
940:
934:
925:
916:
910:Hatley, p.126
907:
898:
892:Conley, p.47.
889:
880:
871:
865:Mooney, p.41.
862:
853:
851:
849:
841:
837:
831:
822:
818:
811:
808:
804:
799:
795:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
733:
731:
725:
721:
719:
714:
704:
700:
697:
693:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
660:
653:
646:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
582:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
532:
527:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
481:
478:
474:
473:Fort Duquesne
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
413:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
376:
375:Fort Ligonier
373:
371:
370:Fort Duquesne
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Great Cacapon
348:
346:
345:Sideling Hill
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:
303:
298:
288:
283:
281:
276:
274:
269:
268:
265:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
233:
228:
218:
213:
211:
206:
204:
199:
198:
195:
185:120 prisoners
184:
181:
180:
175:
174:
172:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
152:
151:
149:
146:
145:
140:
136:
134:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:Great Britain
109:
106:
105:
100:
92:
89:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
52:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2966:
2954:Shawna Baker
2889:Ned Christie
2814:John W. Hair
2774:Ross Swimmer
2769:W. W. Keeler
2524:Amouskositte
2470:Tuckaleechee
2440:Abrams Creek
2402:Untokiasdiyi
2377:Blythe Ferry
1928:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1819:
1719:
1599:
1584:Tribal Wars
1458:Booger dance
1321:Eastern Band
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1203:
1188:
1181:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1130:
1115:
1109:Bibliography
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
938:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
839:
835:
830:
821:
794:Adam Stephen
791:
787:
738:
734:
726:
722:
713:Fort Loudoun
710:
701:
688:
665:
661:
657:
633:
617:
612:) of Chota,
609:
595:
583:
568:
555:Ohio Country
536:
523:
482:
466:
419:
406:
402:Fort Loudoun
389:
387:
335:Penn's Creek
238:Fort Loudoun
237:
102:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2914:Major Ridge
2894:John Martin
2874:Joseph Vann
2764:J. B. Milam
2689:Joyce Dugan
2659:John Rogers
2654:John Looney
2649:Sam Houston
2579:Incalatanga
2392:Mantle Rock
2317:Long Island
2054:Island town
1892:1842 revolt
1800:Youth Choir
1499:Nun'Yunu'Wi
1453:Stomp dance
1441:Black drink
1436:Ethnobotany
758:Stockbridge
699:abandoned.
676:Royal Scots
547:Conocotocko
531:John Stuart
407:During the
330:Monongahela
2983:Categories
2967:See also:
2869:David Vann
2864:James Vann
2859:Wauhatchie
2849:Goingsnake
2824:Nancy Ward
2644:John Jolly
2599:Pathkiller
2559:Old Tassel
2549:Oconostota
2217:Turtletown
2212:Turkeytown
2202:Tuckasegee
2137:Oostanaula
2084:Long Swamp
2079:Kulsetsiyi
1828:Education
1562:Ani-kutani
1519:Tsul 'Kalu
1484:Deer Woman
814:References
807:expedition
618:Atagulgalu
606:Oconostota
458:Oconostota
416:Background
355:Kittanning
340:The Trough
243:Fort Dobbs
2879:Bob Benge
2844:Junaluska
2679:Tsaladihi
2669:Yonaguska
2619:John Ross
2604:Big Tiger
2584:Tagwadihi
2574:Kunokeski
2554:Savanukah
2490:Tlanusiyi
2357:Fort Cass
2252:Tahlequah
2232:Titsohili
2197:Tsatanugi
2112:Nickajack
2099:Nantahala
2094:Nacoochee
2024:Dirt town
2004:Conasauga
1994:Chilhowee
1984:Brasstown
1965:Towns and
1947:in Kansas
1882:Blood Law
1514:U'tlun'ta
1392:syllabary
766:Chickasaw
707:Aftermath
610:Aganstata
564:Dinwiddie
559:Tuscarora
502:palisades
182:22 killed
159:12 cannon
83:Tennessee
2784:Joe Byrd
2724:Utselata
2714:Degataga
2634:Degadoga
2629:The Bowl
2407:Standing
2267:Cherokee
2222:Tuskegee
2182:Tomotley
2177:Tomassee
2142:Red Clay
2089:Mialoquo
2044:Hiwassee
2039:Frogtown
2029:Ducktown
2019:Crowtown
1967:villages
1552:Treaties
1545:military
1540:timeline
1504:Nûñnë'hï
1382:Language
1352:Calendar
1302:Cherokee
718:Ostenaco
630:Tomotley
626:Ostenaco
541:against
506:bastions
450:Overhill
398:Cherokee
142:Strength
133:Ostenaco
69:Location
33:and the
2909:Sequoya
2529:Old Hop
2465:Chatata
2207:Tugaloo
2192:Toxoway
2172:Tellico
2162:Talulah
2147:Settico
2122:Nununyi
2117:Nikwasi
2059:Isunigu
2014:Coyotee
1989:Chatuga
1887:Slavery
1732:Removal
1535:History
1528:History
1472:Legends
1446:Kanuchi
1419:Marbles
1387:history
1342:Society
1335:Culture
762:Catawba
754:Mohawks
654:, 1762.
634:Wayatsi
510:ravelin
477:Shawnee
424:on the
153:150–230
147:500–700
2504:People
2167:Tanasi
2157:Talisi
2132:Oconee
2107:Echota
2074:Kituwa
2069:Keowee
2034:Etowah
1933:(2005)
1925:(1871)
1916:(1832)
1908:(1831)
1557:Kituwa
1372:Ghigau
1367:Gadugi
1362:Chiefs
1309:Tribes
1246:
1210:
1195:
1173:
1144:
1122:
805:on an
692:Keowee
622:Tanasi
587:Keowee
551:Moytoy
539:Forbes
446:Keowee
253:Echoee
117:
90:Result
2829:Tsali
2594:Enola
2410:Stone
2187:Toqua
2127:Ocoee
2064:Joara
2009:Cowee
1999:Chota
1581:Wars
1357:Clans
640:Siege
620:) of
494:Chota
1923:case
1244:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1120:ISBN
780:and
764:and
756:and
750:22nd
748:and
746:17th
460:and
388:The
81:now
61:Date
2104:New
1098:,"
742:1st
650:by
628:of
600:as
176:142
49:by
2985::
847:^
838:,
776:,
772::
744:,
624:,
604:,
573:,
1294:e
1287:t
1280:v
1250:.
1214:.
1199:.
1177:.
1148:.
1126:.
616:(
608:(
286:e
279:t
272:v
216:e
209:t
202:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
