905:
745:
769:
877:
865:
893:
809:
821:
849:
837:
2204:
229:
211:
155:
781:
619:
793:
757:
281:
198:
140:
611:
55:
603:
272:
187:
176:
632:
artillery pieces towed by horses followed the advancing units, which played the role of infantry support guns. Attempts were made to perturb all
Ottoman radio communications to isolate and demoralize the besieged troops. On 24 March 1913, the external fortifications began to be captured and the next night, the fortress itself fell into Bulgarian hands. Early in the morning on 26 March 1913, the commander of the fortress, Mehmed Şükrü Pasha, surrendered to the
126:
904:
691:, Stepanović immediately reported to the supreme commander, General Nikola Ivanov. The Serbian Second Army was formed from the Timok Division without the 14th Regiment, the Second Danube Division reinforced with the 4th Reserve Regiment, and the Second Drina Artillery Division. There was a total of 47,275 Serbian troops with 72
744:
644:
in the course of four weeks moved that army over 160 miles in hostile territory, captured one fortress and invested another, fought and won two great battles against the available armed strength of a nation of twenty million inhabitants, and stopped only at the gates of the hostile capital. With the exception of the
876:
639:
After the surrender, large parts of the city, especially the houses of
Muslims and Jews, were subjected to looting for three days. The perpetrators of the looting, however, are disputed, in that some accounts accuse the Bulgarian army of looting while other sources accuse the local Greek population.
643:
The
Bulgarian achievements in the war were summarized by a British war correspondent as follows: "A nation with a population of less than five million and a military budget of less than two million pounds per annum placed in the field within fourteen days of mobilization an army of 400,000 men, and
631:
The final battle consisted of two night attacks. Preparations for the battle included covering all metal parts of the uniforms and weapons with tissue to avoid any shine or noise. The armies that took part in the siege were put under joint command, creating a prototype of a front. Some light
864:
571:
was considered to be an enormous military success because the city's defenses had been carefully developed by leading German siege experts and called 'undefeatable'. The
Bulgarian army, after five months of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Ottoman stronghold.
598:
from one or more airplanes in an effort to cause panic among the
Ottoman soldiers. Many young Bulgarian officers and professionals who took part in this decisive battle would later play important roles in Bulgarian politics, culture, commerce and industry.
768:
1882:
31:
820:
808:
892:
2192:
2170:
1867:
698:
Both
Serbian divisions were immediately sent to the front. The Timok Division, strengthened by a Bulgarian regiment, occupied the north-western sector between
323:
2967:
836:
579:
while the commander of the
Bulgarian forces on the eastern sector of the fortress was General Georgi Vazov, the brother of the famous Bulgarian writer
1179:
2185:
848:
17:
1877:
1444:
792:
756:
710:
Rivers. A combined brigade was formed from the Timok
Cavalry Regiment and the Bulgarian guard Cavalry Regiment to scout the Maritsa Valley.
780:
3026:
2953:
2431:
2178:
1892:
2200:
706:
Rivers, its sector being 15 km long. The Danube
Division occupied a 5 km stretch of the western sector between the Maritsa and
1230:
671:(two divisions and some support units) and heavy artillery (38 siege cannons and howitzers of 120 and 150 mm purchased from French
316:
1872:
1825:
1391:
687:
Serbian forces, commanded by
General Stepa Stepanović, arrived on 6 November 1912. In Mustafa Pasha Place, a railway station outside
3006:
1759:
1102:
1815:
675:
factory in 1908); they had been dispatched because the Bulgarians lacked heavy artillery (though they were well supplied with
1468:
1368:
1290:
652:, the Bulgarians alone of all troops go into battle with the fixed intention of killing at least one enemy." There were many
309:
1336:
3016:
1790:
346:
271:
186:
175:
131:
3031:
2017:
1754:
1651:
1448:
1311:
1265:
1160:
Ivanov, Nikola. "The Balkan War". CVA, Fonds: 48 opis 1 a.e. 3,l 86; a.e. 5,l pp=205-206. Bulgarian Military Archive.
1133:
1112:
560:
to an end. A treaty was signed in London on 30 May. The city was reoccupied and retained by the Ottomans during the
3036:
2312:
1550:
429:
2801:
2771:
2133:
1769:
2506:
2141:
1834:
653:
1661:
3041:
2541:
1728:
1693:
2856:
2711:
1820:
1187:
3021:
2776:
2471:
2392:
1635:
397:
3011:
2891:
2881:
2826:
2696:
2691:
2551:
2511:
2501:
2486:
2372:
1764:
1723:
2342:
1585:
618:
377:
233:
2911:
2561:
2347:
2233:
2113:
2103:
1995:
1965:
1590:
1361:
729:
372:
2054:
215:
2841:
2681:
2476:
2258:
2223:
2012:
1958:
1434:
3046:
2921:
2756:
2751:
2716:
2546:
2491:
2461:
2367:
2292:
2253:
2248:
2228:
1975:
1913:
1698:
1666:
1615:
1530:
1488:
1219:
Bulgaria and her People: With an Account of the Balkan wars, Macedonia, and the Macedonia Bulgars
496:
471:
456:
2931:
2871:
2741:
2726:
2706:
2656:
2641:
2591:
2496:
2441:
2426:
2307:
2243:
2091:
1918:
1738:
1718:
1545:
591:
476:
357:
1708:
1233:[The Edirne Epic - A Crown of Bulgarian Military Glory] (in Bulgarian). Archived from
2766:
2666:
2571:
2526:
2451:
2382:
2332:
2317:
2277:
2238:
2007:
1980:
1733:
1625:
1575:
1555:
1520:
1458:
1401:
1234:
466:
446:
387:
362:
2049:
2926:
2831:
2791:
2786:
2701:
2661:
2646:
2616:
2521:
2481:
2416:
2159:
1990:
1703:
1354:
8:
2901:
2736:
2731:
2686:
2671:
2531:
2516:
2456:
2287:
1908:
1713:
1656:
1525:
1453:
1429:
1217:
352:
2128:
668:
202:
2861:
2811:
2806:
2746:
2626:
2596:
2586:
2411:
2362:
2352:
2337:
2302:
2297:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2064:
1985:
1970:
1610:
1595:
1580:
1540:
1535:
1418:
672:
518:
491:
461:
424:
409:
367:
1887:
2936:
2916:
2851:
2796:
2651:
2581:
2566:
2536:
2446:
2421:
2282:
2214:
2108:
2074:
1953:
1678:
1600:
1560:
1483:
1473:
1332:
1307:
1286:
1261:
1129:
1108:
561:
481:
451:
441:
280:
197:
145:
83:
2059:
545:. The siege began on 3 November 1912 and ended on 26 March 1913 with the capture of
414:
2896:
2876:
2866:
2846:
2781:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2466:
2387:
2377:
2327:
2000:
1849:
1844:
1774:
1630:
1620:
1570:
1505:
750:
17 March 1912 Austria Consulate visiting Agram Nun's bombed residence at Adrinople
557:
542:
534:
526:
501:
419:
382:
333:
46:
2123:
2022:
610:
2906:
2886:
2836:
2821:
2761:
2676:
2601:
2576:
2436:
1948:
1938:
1839:
1424:
1396:
645:
237:
219:
1207:
Jews, Turks, Ottomans: A Shared History, Fifteenth Through the Twentieth Century
2816:
2631:
2357:
2203:
2118:
2029:
1605:
1463:
1411:
720:
707:
633:
584:
486:
228:
210:
160:
87:
659:
Serbian units involved were the 2nd Army, under the command of General (later
54:
3000:
2982:
2969:
2721:
2636:
2145:
1943:
1493:
799:
664:
602:
576:
180:
2556:
1928:
1923:
1439:
595:
553:
191:
292:
65,000 soldiers, 15 generals, 2,000 officers, 600 artillery guns, 16 flags
2402:
2268:
2069:
2039:
1933:
1829:
1406:
1377:
2044:
1478:
580:
30:"Battle of Edirne" redirects here. For engagements on other dates, see
692:
2034:
725:
301:
1039:
969:
967:
883:
855:
827:
703:
699:
660:
649:
549:(Adrianople) by the Bulgarian 2nd Army and the Serbian 2nd Army.
1027:
575:
The victors were under the overall command of Bulgarian General
964:
546:
96:
92:
1346:
1231:"Одринската епопея — венец на българската войнска слава"
688:
676:
568:
1080:
1078:
606:
Siege artillery arriving before Adrianople, 3 November 1912.
594:
took place during the siege; the Bulgarians dropped special
552:
The loss of Edirne delivered the final decisive blow to the
1258:
Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović in the Wars of Serbia, 1876–1918
1104:
The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War
1075:
910:
The cemetery of Serbian warriors who died near Adrianople
930:
928:
926:
924:
774:
Bulgarian major's residence after conquer of Adrinople
656:; their accounts provide rich details about the siege.
1322:
1045:
1254:
Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović u Ratovima Srbije, 1876–1918
940:
1153:] (in Turkish). Ankara: Presidency Publications.
1015:
921:
1123:
1063:
1051:
1033:
952:
654:
journalists who reported on the siege of Adrianople
1144:
991:
973:
842:A Bulgarian soldier at the port of Selimiye mosque
979:
2998:
151:
1003:
1145:Hayta, Necdet; Birbudak, Togay Seçkin (2010).
886:trees stripped of bark which the prisoners ate
2186:
1362:
317:
288:Bulgarian claim: ca. 7,000 killed and wounded
73:(4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
2954:List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1323:Zafirov, Dimitar; Aleksandrov, Emil (2007).
814:Agram nuns at Red Cross Hospital in Karaagac
695:guns, 4,142 horses and oxen and 3,046 cars.
682:
1329:History of the Bulgarians: Military History
1285:] (in Bosnian). Prometheus - Novi Sad.
1251:
1084:
2193:
2179:
1369:
1355:
1186:. Vol. 14, no. 3. Archived from
762:Bulgarian soldiers invaded Selimiye mosque
324:
310:
254:47,275 Serbs (62 field guns, 34 howitzers)
122:
53:
1760:Provisional Government of Western Thrace
870:Victims thrown into the Arda and drowned
617:
609:
601:
294:Turkish claim: 13,000 killed and wounded
136:
1301:
1177:
1124:Harbottle, T.B.; Bruce, George (1979).
1069:
946:
679:-designed 75 mm field artillery).
238:
220:
14:
2999:
1215:
1166:
1021:
958:
724:, a poem about the battle, by Italian
622:Edirne people living under siege, 1913
2174:
1350:
1276:
997:
305:
32:Liberation of Edirne (disambiguation)
1325:История на Българите: Военна история
1260:] (6 ed.). Belgrade: BIGZ.
1228:
1204:
1100:
1057:
1009:
985:
898:A bomb fell near Sultan Selim mosque
786:Adrianople view from Kirkkilise road
592:early use of an airplane for bombing
331:
3027:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
2208:Ottoman battles in the 20th century
1888:Initial phase of the Greek genocide
1791:1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak
1331:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Trud.
1252:Skoko, Savo; Opačić, Petar (1990).
24:
1180:"Splendid Fellows, Splendidly Led"
1159:
934:
257:60,000 - 75,000 (Bulgarian claims)
27:Battle during the First Balkan War
25:
3058:
1392:Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
1126:Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles
2512:Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)
2202:
1169:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges
903:
891:
875:
863:
847:
835:
819:
807:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
279:
270:
227:
209:
196:
185:
174:
153:
138:
124:
3007:Battles of the First Balkan War
1376:
1306:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Angela.
626:
71:3 November 1912 – 26 March 1913
40:Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
18:Siege of Adrianople (1912-1913)
1878:Bulgarians deportation program
1449:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
1178:Johnson, David (August 1997).
1101:Hall, Richard C. Hall (2002).
252:106,425 Bulgarians (424 guns);
13:
1:
2487:3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)
2472:2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)
1729:Romanian landings in Bulgaria
1283:War in Macedonia and Bulgaria
1216:Monroe, Will Seymour (1914).
1093:
1046:Zafirov and Alexandrov (2007)
830:River during cholera epidemic
531:oпсада Једрена/opsada Jedrena
404:Serbian and Montenegrin front
276:: 1,298 killed, 6,655 wounded
108:Bulgarian and Serbian victory
2949:For the battles before 1900
2547:Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)
1821:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914
1302:Vŭchkov, Aleksandŭr (2005).
1279:Rat u Maćedoniji i Bugarskoj
1209:. Syracuse University Press.
915:
798:Captured Turkish artillery (
7:
1816:Autonomy of Northern Epirus
1222:. Boston: The Page Company.
1147:Balkan Savaşları'nda Edirne
713:
614:Serbian artillery at siege.
285:: 453 killed, 1,917 wounded
10:
3063:
3017:1913 in the Ottoman Empire
1835:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
1034:Harbottle and Bruce (1979)
736:
567:The victorious end of the
29:
3032:Sieges involving Bulgaria
2945:
2452:1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)
2442:Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)
2401:
2267:
2213:
2155:
1996:Konstantinos Sapountzakis
1901:
1860:
1808:
1799:
1783:
1747:
1686:
1675:
1644:
1513:
1502:
1435:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
1384:
1151:Edirne in the Balkan Wars
1128:(2nd ed.). Granada.
974:Hayta and Birbudak (2010)
730:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
683:Arrival of Serbian forces
636:, which ended the siege.
541:), was fought during the
530:
522:
343:
263:
246:
167:
116:
63:
52:
44:
39:
2552:Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)
2293:Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)
1770:Treaty of Constantinople
1662:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
1304:The Balkin War 1912-1913
3037:Sieges involving Serbia
2373:2nd Edirne (Adrianople)
2323:1st Edirne (Adrianople)
1840:Balkans campaign of WWI
1489:Albanian revolt of 1912
1085:Skoko & Opačić 1990
2114:Crown Prince Alexander
2092:Crown Prince Ferdinand
2055:Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
1883:Massacres of Civilians
1873:Massacres of Albanians
1826:Sarajevo Assassination
1755:Greek–Serbian Alliance
1748:Diplomacy and politics
1645:Diplomacy and politics
1469:Bulgarian Independence
854:Cholera epidemic near
623:
615:
607:
538:
168:Commanders and leaders
2772:Berukin and 1st Arara
2517:Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)
2140:Other Balkan states:
1981:Eleftherios Venizelos
1657:Albanian Independence
1459:Young Turk Revolution
1167:Jaques, Tony (2007).
621:
613:
605:
264:Casualties and losses
3042:Sieges of Adrianople
2537:Kılıçbayır (The Nek)
2412:Köprüköy (Bergmann)
1991:Pavlos Kountouriotis
1277:Tomić, Jaša (2006).
1229:Nikolova, Nikoleta.
2983:41.6744°N 26.5608°E
2979: /
2288:Kırcalı (Kardzhali)
2018:Crown Prince Danilo
1868:Carnegie Commission
1765:Treaty of Bucharest
1454:Macedonian Struggle
1430:Serbo-Bulgarian War
937:, pp. 332–335.
826:Prisoner camp near
515:siege of Adrianople
59:Siege of Adrianople
3022:Adrianople vilayet
2712:Hareira and Sheria
2097:Alexandru Averescu
2065:Hasan Tahsin Pasha
1986:Panagiotis Danglis
1893:Places burned down
1419:Congress of Berlin
1205:Levy, ed. (2002).
624:
616:
608:
234:Mehmed Şükrü Pasha
3012:Conflicts in 1913
2962:
2961:
2857:Afulah and Beisan
2827:German Expedition
2567:Erzurum offensive
2313:İşkodra (Scutari)
2215:Italo-Turkish War
2168:
2167:
2075:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
1954:Stiliyan Kovachev
1679:Second Balkan War
1652:London Conference
1484:Italo-Turkish War
1474:31 March Incident
1292:978-86-515-0007-0
1190:on 22 August 2001
562:Second Balkan War
510:
509:
300:
299:
259:52,597 (340 guns)
112:
111:
84:Vilayet of Edirne
82:Edirne District,
16:(Redirected from
3054:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:41.6744; 26.5608
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2892:Jisr Benat Yakub
2577:Felahiye (Hanna)
2467:Battle of Dilman
2432:Naval operations
2348:Varna (Kaliakra)
2207:
2206:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2134:Božidar Janković
2129:Stepa Stepanović
2001:Viktor Dousmanis
1850:Macedonian front
1845:Serbian campaign
1775:Treaty of Athens
1724:Southern Dobruja
1667:Treaty of London
1506:First Balkan War
1371:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:978-954-528752-7
1317:
1296:
1271:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1223:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1184:Military History
1172:
1171:. Vol. A–E.
1161:
1154:
1139:
1118:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
907:
895:
879:
867:
851:
839:
823:
811:
795:
783:
771:
759:
747:
669:Stepa Stepanović
663:, equivalent to
558:First Balkan War
556:and brought the
543:First Balkan War
539:Edirne kuşatması
532:
524:
338:
336:
335:First Balkan War
326:
319:
312:
303:
302:
284:
283:
275:
274:
240:
232:
231:
222:
214:
213:
203:Stepa Stepanović
201:
200:
190:
189:
179:
178:
163:
159:
157:
156:
148:
144:
142:
141:
134:
130:
128:
127:
65:
64:
57:
47:First Balkan War
37:
36:
21:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2941:
2777:2nd Transjordan
2403:First World War
2397:
2263:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2169:
2164:
2151:
1949:Radko Dimitriev
1939:Vasil Kutinchev
1897:
1856:
1804:
1795:
1779:
1743:
1694:Kilkis–Lachanas
1682:
1671:
1640:
1509:
1498:
1425:Eastern Rumelia
1380:
1375:
1345:
1339:
1314:
1293:
1268:
1240:
1238:
1237:on 29 June 2007
1193:
1191:
1136:
1115:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
984:
980:
972:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
922:
918:
911:
908:
899:
896:
887:
880:
871:
868:
859:
852:
843:
840:
831:
824:
815:
812:
803:
796:
787:
784:
775:
772:
763:
760:
751:
748:
739:
716:
685:
673:Schneider-Canet
629:
583:and of General
523:oбсада на Одрин
511:
506:
347:Bulgarian Front
339:
334:
332:
330:
296:42,500 captured
295:
293:
291:
289:
278:
277:
269:
258:
253:
226:
225:
208:
205:
195:
194:
184:
183:
173:
154:
152:
139:
137:
135:
125:
123:
100:
90:
72:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3060:
3050:
3049:
3047:1913 in Europe
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Jisr ed Damieh
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Bir el Hassana
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:Radomir Putnik
2116:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Ali Rıza Pasha
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2030:Ottoman Empire
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1959:Georgi Todorov
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1636:Second Çatalca
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Bosnian Crisis
1461:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:Annexation of
1421:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1248:
1247:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1070:Johnson (1997)
1062:
1060:, p. 187.
1050:
1038:
1026:
1024:, p. 114.
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
963:
951:
949:, p. 124.
947:Vŭchkov (2005)
939:
919:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
902:
900:
897:
890:
888:
881:
874:
872:
869:
862:
860:
853:
846:
844:
841:
834:
832:
825:
818:
816:
813:
806:
804:
797:
790:
788:
785:
778:
776:
773:
766:
764:
761:
754:
752:
749:
742:
738:
735:
734:
733:
721:Zang Tumb Tumb
715:
712:
684:
681:
634:Bulgarian Army
628:
625:
585:Vladimir Vazov
508:
507:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
344:
341:
340:
329:
328:
321:
314:
306:
298:
297:
286:
266:
265:
261:
260:
255:
249:
248:
244:
243:
216:Abdullah Pasha
206:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:Ottoman Empire
149:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
88:Ottoman Empire
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
61:
60:
50:
49:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3059:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Khan Baghdadi
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Kara Killisse
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Petar Bojović
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:Janko Vukotić
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Constantine I
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Nikola Ivanov
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:First Çatalca
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Pente Pigadia
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1494:Balkan League
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:9789549058741
1309:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1267:86-13-00453-9
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1135:0-246-11103-8
1131:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:0-203-13805-8
1110:
1107:. Routledge.
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1087:, p. 11.
1086:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1036:, p. 11.
1035:
1030:
1023:
1022:Monroe (1914)
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:, p. 75.
999:
994:
988:, p. 39.
987:
982:
976:, p. 96.
975:
970:
968:
961:, p. 12.
960:
959:Jaques (2007)
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
929:
927:
925:
920:
906:
901:
894:
889:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
857:
850:
845:
838:
833:
829:
822:
817:
810:
805:
801:
800:15 cm RK L/26
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
765:
758:
753:
746:
741:
740:
731:
727:
723:
722:
718:
717:
711:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:Field Marshal
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
641:
637:
635:
620:
612:
604:
600:
597:
596:hand grenades
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:Nikola Ivanov
573:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
520:
516:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:Pente Pigadia
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Lemnos Island
440:
439:
438:
437:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
342:
337:
327:
322:
320:
315:
313:
308:
307:
304:
287:
282:
273:
268:
267:
262:
256:
251:
250:
245:
241:
235:
230:
223:
217:
212:
207:
204:
199:
193:
188:
182:
181:Nikola Ivanov
177:
172:
171:
166:
162:
150:
147:
133:
121:
120:
115:
107:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:(present day
89:
85:
80:
77:
76:
70:
67:
66:
62:
56:
51:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2964:
2950:
2727:Mughar Ridge
2717:Wadi el Hesi
2657:Jebel Hamlin
2358:İmroz (Elli)
2322:
2146:Ismail Kemal
1929:Mihail Savov
1924:Stoyan Danev
1902:Participants
1801:
1719:Kresna Gorge
1677:
1565:
1546:Kirk Kilisse
1504:
1440:Cretan State
1328:
1324:
1303:
1282:
1278:
1257:
1253:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1218:
1206:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1183:
1168:
1150:
1146:
1125:
1103:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
998:Tomić (2006)
993:
981:
954:
942:
719:
697:
686:
658:
642:
638:
630:
627:Final battle
589:
574:
566:
554:Ottoman army
551:
514:
512:
435:
434:
403:
402:
392:
358:Kirk Kilisse
345:
192:Georgi Vazov
117:Belligerents
45:Part of the
2986: /
2522:Anafartalar
2405:(1914–1918)
2393:2nd Çatalca
2343:1st Çatalca
2308:Kirk Kilise
2278:Sarantaporo
2271:(1912–1913)
2269:Balkan Wars
2239:Kunfuda Bay
2217:(1911–1912)
2040:Nazim Pasha
1934:Ivan Fichev
1919:Ivan Geshov
1914:Ferdinand I
1830:World War I
1556:Lule Burgas
1521:Sarantaporo
1378:Balkan Wars
1058:Levy (2002)
986:Hall (2002)
447:Sarantaporo
436:Greek front
398:2nd Çatalca
378:1st Çatalca
363:Lule Burgas
3001:Categories
2974:26°33′39″E
2971:41°40′28″N
2927:Khan Ayash
2832:Abu Tellul
2792:Karakilisa
2787:Sardarabad
2752:Tell 'Asur
2617:Bir el Abd
2427:Suez Canal
2417:Sarikamish
2318:Lüleburgaz
2050:Esad Pasha
2045:Zeki Pasha
2013:Nicholas I
2008:Montenegro
1861:Atrocities
1704:Bregalnica
1566:Adrianople
1479:Goudi coup
1385:Background
1094:References
581:Ivan Vazov
393:Adrianople
2932:2nd Amman
2837:2nd Arara
2767:1st Amman
2737:Jerusalem
2732:Ayun Kara
2697:Khuweilfe
2692:Beersheba
2687:Wadi Musa
2672:Istabulat
2587:Trebizond
2562:Sağ Sahil
2532:Sarıbayır
2527:Conkbayır
2502:Manzikert
2497:Zığındere
2492:3rd Kirte
2482:No.3 Post
2477:2nd Kirte
2462:1st Kirte
2070:Enver Bey
1809:Aftermath
1714:Kalimanci
1709:Knjaževac
1526:Kardzhali
1402:Bulgarian
916:Citations
693:artillery
519:Bulgarian
353:Kardzhali
290:Captured:
2902:Damascus
2882:Tiberias
2862:Nazareth
2812:Binagadi
2807:Kurdamir
2702:3rd Gaza
2667:2nd Gaza
2662:1st Gaza
2652:Samarrah
2627:Magdhaba
2597:Erzincan
2457:Baby 700
2353:Merhamli
2338:Monastir
2303:Kumanovo
2298:Sorovich
2234:Benghazi
2160:Category
2035:Mehmed V
1971:George I
1909:Bulgaria
1596:Merhamli
1591:Kaliakra
1581:Monastir
1541:Kumanovo
1536:Sorovich
1397:Albanian
1010:Nikolova
882:Isle of
726:Futurist
714:See also
646:Japanese
462:Sorovich
425:Monastir
410:Kumanovo
373:Kaliakra
368:Merhamli
247:Strength
132:Bulgaria
78:Location
2937:Haritan
2917:Sharqat
2852:Tulkarm
2842:Megiddo
2797:Goychay
2747:Jericho
2707:Baghdad
2647:2nd Kut
2557:1st Kut
2542:Hill 60
2447:Kumkale
2422:Ardahan
2378:Bolayır
2363:Korytsa
2283:Yenidje
2224:Preveza
2142:Albania
2109:Peter I
2087:Carol I
2082:Romania
1802:General
1687:Battles
1611:Korytsa
1601:Driskos
1561:Yenidje
1551:Scutari
1514:Battles
1412:Serbian
884:Tundzha
856:Tundzha
828:Tundzha
737:Gallery
728:writer
704:Tundzha
700:Maritsa
661:Vojvoda
650:Gurkhas
535:Turkish
527:Serbian
492:Korytsa
482:Driskos
452:Yenidje
430:Scutari
236: (
218: (
2922:Aleppo
2897:Kaukab
2877:Samakh
2847:Tabsor
2782:Abaran
2682:Ramadi
2612:Romani
2607:Bitlis
2388:Bizani
2383:Şarköy
2368:Lemnos
2333:Himara
2328:Prilep
2259:Zanzur
2254:Rhodes
2249:Beirut
2229:Tobruk
2104:Serbia
1966:Greece
1699:Doiran
1631:Bizani
1626:Şarköy
1621:Bulair
1616:Lemnos
1576:Himara
1571:Prilep
1447:&
1335:
1310:
1289:
1264:
1241:27 May
1194:2 June
1132:
1111:
935:Ivanov
547:Edirne
502:Bizani
497:Lemnos
472:Lesbos
467:Himara
420:Prilep
388:Şarköy
383:Bulair
158:
146:Serbia
143:
129:
105:Result
97:Turkey
93:Edirne
2907:Kiswe
2887:Irbid
2872:Haifa
2867:Jenin
2822:Arsuf
2802:Aghsu
2762:Hijla
2742:Jaffa
2677:Aqaba
2637:Nekhl
2622:Yanbu
2602:Aqaba
2592:Mecca
2582:Sabis
2437:Katya
2244:Derna
1784:Other
1739:Pirot
1734:Vidin
1407:Greek
1327:[
1281:[
1256:[
1149:[
858:River
689:Odrin
677:Krupp
569:siege
477:Chios
2817:Baku
2632:Rafa
2572:Wadi
1828:and
1606:Elli
1445:IMRO
1333:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1243:2008
1196:2007
1130:ISBN
1109:ISBN
708:Arda
702:and
648:and
590:The
513:The
487:Elli
415:Lumë
68:Date
2951:see
2722:Huj
239:POW
221:POW
3003::
1182:.
1077:^
966:^
923:^
667:)
587:.
564:.
537::
533:,
529::
525:,
521::
95:,
86:,
2194:e
2187:t
2180:v
2148:)
2144:(
1370:e
1363:t
1356:v
1341:.
1316:.
1295:.
1270:.
1245:.
1198:.
1138:.
1117:.
1072:.
1048:.
1012:.
802:)
732:.
517:(
325:e
318:t
311:v
242:)
224:)
99:)
34:.
20:)
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