659:
not yet been conducted" the researchers find "contextual support" for the use of these points on arrows: a broad range of animals were hunted, with an emphasis on taxa that prefer closed forested niches, including fast moving, terrestrial and arboreal animals. This is an argument for the use of traps, perhaps including snares. If snares were used, the use of cords and knots, which also would have been adequate for the production of bows, is implied. The employment of snares also would demonstrate a practical understanding of the latent energy stored in bent branches, the main principle of bow construction.
410:
297:
382:
31:
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against ochre properties, such as dry, loose, and dehydrating. Simultaneously, the artisan had to think about the correct position for placing stone inserts on the shafts.... Although fully modern behaviour is recognisable relatively late in the MSA, the circumstantial evidence provided here implies that people who made compound adhesives in the MSA shared at least some advanced behaviours with their modern successors.
629:
the workability, possibly a small amount of beeswax, coarse particles, or fat. This preliminary mixture had to have the correct ingredient proportions and then, before shafting, undergo a controlled heat treatment stage. This heating had to avoid boiling or dehydrating the mixture too much, otherwise it would weaken the resulting
678:
at Sibudu and elsewhere occur in a pattern whereby innovations are not further and progressively developed, but arise and then disappear. For instance, the shell beads occur in the Still Bay layers, but are absent from the
Howiesons Poort ones, in Sibudu, and elsewhere. This challenges the idea that
658:
Some of these hafted points might have been launched from bows. While "most attributes such as micro-residue distribution patterns and micro-wear will develop similarly on points used to tip spears, darts or arrows" and "explicit tests for distinctions between thrown spears and projected arrows have
645:
Artisans living in the MSA must have been able to think in abstract terms about properties of plant gums and natural iron products, even though they lacked empirical means for gauging them. Qualities of gum, such as wet, sticky, and viscous, were mentally abstracted, and these meanings counterpoised
628:
The replication of shafted tool manufacture using only methods and materials available at Sibudu has enabled the identification of the complexity of the thought processes that it required. The stone spear was embedded in the wood using a compound adhesive made up of plant gum, red ochre, and to aid
683:
can hardly be used to support the "classic" out of Africa scenario, which predicts increasing complexity and accretion of innovations during the MSA, determined by biological change. Instead, they appear, disappear, and re-appear in a way that best fits a scenario in which historical contingencies
616:
tools. These blades are shaped like the segment of an orange, with a sharp cutting edge on the straight lateral and an intentionally blunted and curved back. These were attached to shafts or handles by means of ochre and plant adhesive or alternatively fat mixed with plant material. Segments often
662:
The use of
Cryptocarya leaves in bedding indicates that early use of herbal medicines may have awarded selective advantages to humans, and the use of such plants implies a new dimension to the behaviour of early humans at this time.
688:
The idea that environmental change was responsible for this pattern has been questioned, and instead it has been suggested that the driving factors were changes in the social networks related to changes in population density.
238:
The use of glues and bedding are of particular interest, because the complexity of their creation and processing has been presented as evidence of continuity between early human cognition and that of modern humans.
654:
activities that tax reasoning ability and are also visible archaeologically, such as shafting, archaeologists are in a better position to contribute to an understanding of the evolution of the modern mind.
620:
Points were used in the period after the
Howiesons Poort for hunting weapons, such as the tips of spears. Use–trace analysis suggests that many of these points were hafted with ochre-loaded adhesives.
274:
of the
Tongati River, which now lies 10 m (33 ft) below the shelter. Its floor is 55 m (180 ft) long, and about 18 m (59 ft) in width. It has a large collection of
1319:
d'Errico, F; Henshilwood, C; Vanhaeren, M; van
Niekerk, K (January 2005). "Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age".
679:
the early development of technology by early humans was a process of accumulation of improvements. In discussing the findings of artefacts at Sibudu researchers have commented that they:
1559:"Catalysts for Stone Age innovations: What might have triggered two short-lived bursts of technological and behavioral innovation in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age?"
2001:
617:
were made with a cutting edge along their entire length, which required that they be attached to their hafts without twine and so, calls for particularly strong adhesive glue.
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1200:
Jacobs, Z; Wintle, AG; Duller, GAT; Roberts, RG; Wadley, L (2008). "New ages for the post-Howiesons Poort, late and final Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa".
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1187:
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1466:"Supporting Information for Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"
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406:. Trace use analysis on the tips of the points finds evidence of compound adhesives on their bases where they would once have been hafted to shafts.
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641:(MSA) humans at Sibudu would have required the multilevel mental operations and abstract thought capabilities of modern people to do this.
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Backwell, L; d'Errico, F; Wadley, L (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the
Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
2325:
61:
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d'Errico, F; Vanhaeren, M; Wadley, L (2008). "Possible shell beads from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
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Lombard M (2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa".
185:
Evidence of some of the earliest examples of modern human technology has been found in the shelter (although the earliest known
7755:
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Lombard M, Phillips L (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".
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The first excavations following its discovery in 1983 were carried out by Aron Mazel of the Natal Museum (unpublished work).
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1049:"Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa"
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and it has been placed on the UNESCO list of tentative sites as a potential future 'serial nomination' together with
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1264:"First impressions on the functions and hafting technology of Still Bay pointed artefacts from Sibudu Cave"
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Evidence suggests these were dry periods and the shelter was occupied only during wet climatic conditions.
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787:"Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal: Background to the excavations of middle stone age and iron age occupations"
266:. It is in a steep, forested cliff facing WSW that overlooks the Tongati River in an area that is now a
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In a commentary upon this research it has been suggested that instead of focusing upon language, with
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868:"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"
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637:. By experimentally recreating the fabrication of this adhesive, researchers concluded that the
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2012:
1520:"Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"
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603:, chemicals that have insecticidal and larvicidal properties against, for example, mosquitoes.
398:-based industry and made few tools. The Still Bay occupation, in addition to such flakes, made
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Rock shelter with earliest examples of modern human technology in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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1166:"The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa"
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981:. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388–1391. An older example is now known:
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In 2015, the South
African government submitted a proposal to add the cave to the list of
8:
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The
Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa
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6201:
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5320:
5265:
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3132:
3050:
3015:
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1944:
985:"Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"
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The
Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa
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Wadley, L (June 2007). "Announcing a Still Bay industry at Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
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Backwell, L; Bradfield, J; Carlson, KJ; Jashashvili, T; Wadley, L; d'Errico, F (2018).
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Middle Stone Age
Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa
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years ago, with wear similar to that found in bone needles used to puncture animal
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years old), and the earliest stone arrows (64,000 years old), the earliest needle (
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1607:"The Emergence of Modern Humans: The Pleistocene occupation sites of South Africa"
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years ago) which for a while was the oldest known example (an older example from
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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and environmental, rather than cognitive, changes are seen as main drivers.
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deposits that are well preserved organically and accurately dated using
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Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011).
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561:, and many others) and nuts were found at Sibudu Cave belonging to the
539:
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286:
267:
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stone points into wood handles to create spears — dated no later than
196:
years). The evidence in the shelter includes the earliest bone arrow (
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years old), the earliest use of heat-treated mixed compound gluing (
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stage, and the late and final Middle Stone periods. There was no
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topped with aromatic leaves containing natural insecticidal and
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Shell beads, although of a more recent date than those found at
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that pushes back the origin of bow and bone arrow technology to
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
2568:
721:. Three of the sites gained the World Heritage Status in 2024.
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An example of the use of bedding, dating back to approximately
399:
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258:, located roughly 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
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species are still used extensively in traditional medicine.
591:) which, when crushed, are aromatic and contain traces of α-
420:
Various examples of early human technology have been found:
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The occupations at Sibudu are divided into pre-Still Bay,
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and about 15 km (9 mi) inland, near the town of
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1199:
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years ago). There were occupation gaps of approximately
1424:"Seeds from the Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"
542:
and uncarbonised seeds (uncarbonised seeds consist of
1046:
363:
years between the post-Howiesons Poort and the late
300:
View of the excavation area within the rock shelter.
1463:
217:years ago), and an example of the use of bedding (
1517:
585:chemicals. The leaves were all from Cape laurel (
246:of Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa.
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270:plantation. The shelter was formed by erosional
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1281:
908:
349:years ago), and final Middle Stone Age phases (
293:started renewed excavations in September 1998.
385:View of the rock shelter in a sandstone cliff.
242:In 2024, the Sibudu Cave became a part of the
7658:
5791:
1669:
1556:
1518:Lombard, Marlize; Phillipson, Laurel (2010).
528:) as a paint binder in a milk-ochre mixture (
1278:
784:
612:The Howiesons Poort occupation manufactured
4706:
1105:"Hafted spears and the archaeology of mind"
859:
674:such as piecing needles, arrows, and shell
442:years beyond the previous earliest example;
7665:
7651:
5805:
5798:
5784:
1684:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
1676:
1662:
1459:
1457:
1354:Villa, Paola; et al. (30 June 2015).
1347:
1188:[Excavations at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal
1047:Wadley, L; Hodgskiss, T; Grant, M (2009).
983:Lyn Wadley; et al. (14 August 2020).
982:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
780:
778:
776:
29:
1582:
1494:
1484:
1464:Wadley, L; Hodgkiss, T; Grant, M (2009).
1398:
1388:
1138:
1128:
1074:
1064:
973:
971:
969:
967:
893:
883:
463:The earliest example of a compound glue (
4451:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
1635:Little arrow that rewrites history books
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
937:
692:
623:
408:
380:
295:
7761:Archaeological sites of Southern Africa
1454:
1421:
1261:
943:
809:
773:
496:years ago for the Sibudu beads, versus
7738:
1226:
1190:, The Digging Stick, 18, Dec, (3) 1–7.
1098:
1096:
1094:
964:
902:
7646:
6969:
6608:
5874:
5779:
5381:
4705:
4157:
3311:
1719:
1657:
1356:"A Milk and Ochre Paint Mixture Used
1353:
1031:
667:Interrupted technological development
231:years ago was recently discovered at
7771:World Heritage Sites in South Africa
7746:Archaeological sites in South Africa
6970:
1160:
1158:
1102:
517:being used on top, probably for its
168:site occupied, with some gaps, from
1091:
633:. The maker also had to reduce its
394:The pre-Still Bay occupation had a
164:, South Africa. It is an important
13:
1363:Years Ago at Sibudu, South Africa"
371:occupation, although there was an
335:years ago), post-Howiesons Poort (
14:
7782:
6922:Megalithic architectural elements
2839:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
2002:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
1797:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
1628:
1294:Journal of Archaeological Science
1202:Journal of Archaeological Science
1155:
946:Journal of Archaeological Science
872:Journal of Archaeological Science
833:Journal of Archaeological Science
280:optically stimulated luminescence
6609:
791:South African Journal of Science
503:years ago for those at Blombos);
7541:Evolutionary origin of religion
1599:
1557:Jacobs, Z; Roberts, RG (2009).
1550:
1511:
1415:
1312:
1255:
1220:
1193:
1180:
756:Timeline of historic inventions
573:The plant bedding consisted of
569:ago to approximately 37 ka ago.
291:University of the Witwatersrand
1168:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre
249:
1:
7756:Rock shelters in South Africa
7154:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
6684:British megalith architecture
785:Wadley, L; Jacobs, Z (2004).
766:
741:List of caves in South Africa
389:
304:
7149:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
6689:Nordic megalith architecture
1390:10.1371/journal.pone.0131273
1333:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002
1241:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.002
7:
5382:
3027:Other caves with decoration
2109:Other caves with decoration
2031:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
1707:Caves containing pictograms
1428:Southern African Humanities
1422:Sievers, Christine (2006).
724:
375:occupation about 1000 B.C.
10:
7787:
7297:British Isles and Brittany
7218:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4158:
3011:Other World Heritage Sites
2098:Other World Heritage Sites
1720:
1697:Paleoanthropological sites
1640:Sibudu Cave (South Africa)
524:The earliest use of milk (
99:UNESCO World Heritage Site
7707:
7678:
7499:
7312:
7139:
6986:
6982:
6965:
6851:
6815:
6664:
6621:
6617:
6604:
6411:
6242:
6215:
6140:
6066:
6057:
5962:
5887:
5883:
5875:
5870:
5813:
5747:
5723:
5707:
5691:
5673:
5652:
5634:
5618:
5590:
5394:
5390:
5377:
5113:
5097:
5056:
5000:
4984:
4968:
4950:
4909:
4868:
4847:
4826:
4780:
4754:
4738:
4722:
4718:
4701:
4677:
4656:
4640:
4614:
4443:
4417:
4401:
4380:
4364:
4318:
4297:
4281:
4260:
4239:
4223:
4207:
4186:
4170:
4166:
4153:
4124:
4103:
4077:
4065:
4039:
4008:
3972:
3954:
3938:
3922:
3906:
3890:
3844:
3823:
3807:
3756:
3675:
3654:
3598:
3567:
3521:
3505:
3479:
3418:
3402:
3356:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3307:
3198:
3182:
3161:
2904:
2873:
2847:
2816:
2770:
2739:
2688:
2667:
2651:
2633:
2617:
2601:
2585:
2567:
2504:
2483:
2422:
2394:
2318:
1994:
1978:
1937:
1921:
1880:
1844:
1823:
1768:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1692:
1536:10.1017/s0003598x00100134
1306:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.023
1214:10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.017
958:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001
923:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
853:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006
424:A bone point, a possible
143:
131:
121:
113:
105:
96:
92:
55:
41:
37:
28:
23:
5675:Northern Mariana Islands
3312:
1473:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1109:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1053:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
731:Howieson's Poort Shelter
445:The earliest known bone
7529:Evolutionary musicology
6932:Oldest extant buildings
6859:Archaeological features
6378:Prepared-core technique
1486:10.1073/pnas.0900957106
1130:10.1073/pnas.0904369106
1066:10.1073/pnas.0900957106
1009:10.1126/science.abc7239
77:29.522639°S 31.085889°E
7689:Diepkloof Rock Shelter
7491:Unchambered long cairn
7339:Mound Builders culture
6672:Neolithic architecture
5807:Prehistoric technology
4199:Manyana Rock Paintings
2250:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
719:Diepkloof Rock Shelter
686:
656:
648:
417:
386:
301:
7751:Caves of South Africa
7166:List of Stone Age art
6368:Microblade technology
6316:Langdale axe industry
5914:Ard / plough
4762:Actun Tunichil Muknal
751:Timeline of evolution
693:World Heritage Status
681:
652:
643:
624:Cognitive archaeology
412:
384:
299:
82:-29.522639; 31.085889
7573:Prehistoric medicine
7568:Prehistoric counting
7551:Prehistoric religion
7546:Paleolithic religion
7524:Behavioral modernity
6881:Causewayed enclosure
6773:Abri de la Madeleine
5897:Neolithic Revolution
4336:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
3276:Red Lady of Paviland
2168:Mayrières supérieure
885:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
699:World Heritage Sites
565:, from more than 60
435:years ago, at least
127:Cultural: iii, iv, v
7725:Klasies River Caves
7681:World Heritage Site
7612:Prehistoric warfare
6358:Magdalenian culture
6321:Levallois technique
6252:Earliest toolmaking
5151:Colorado Millennial
3789:Shiraho Saonetabaru
2593:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
1645:Site by Sibudu Cave
1381:2015PLoSO..1031273V
1262:Lombard, M (2006).
1121:2009PNAS..106.9544W
1001:2020Sci...369..863W
845:2008JArSc..35.1566B
736:Klasies River Caves
711:Klasies River Caves
244:World Heritage Site
73: /
7563:Origin of language
7556:Spiritual drug use
7466:Rectangular dolmen
7368:Dartmoor kistvaens
7181:Carved stone balls
6893:Circular enclosure
6852:Other architecture
6795:Alp pile dwellings
6383:Solutrean industry
6294:Gravettian culture
5944:Secondary products
4969:Dominican Republic
4730:Cueva de las Manos
3626:Huto and Kamarband
3036:Barranc del Migdia
2922:Caves in Cantabria
2346:Hohlenstein-Stadel
2153:Grotte de Gabillou
2138:La Chaire a Calvin
1563:Commun Integr Biol
588:Cryptocarya woodii
558:Bridelia micrantha
418:
387:
342:years ago), late (
302:
160:cliff in northern
106:Official name
7733:
7732:
7640:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7585:Prehistoric music
7534:music archaeology
7191:Cup and ring mark
7016:Clothing/textiles
6961:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6403:Yubetsu technique
6388:Striking platform
6353:Lithic technology
6238:
6237:
6223:Game drive system
6142:Projectile points
6034:Mortar and pestle
5773:
5772:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
4886:Piedras del Tunjo
4818:Toca da Tira Peia
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
2939:Hornos de la Peña
1479:(24): 9590–9594.
1300:(10): 2675–2685.
1186:Wadley L. (2001).
1115:(24): 9544–9545.
1059:(24): 9590–9594.
995:(6505): 863–866.
552:Croton sylvaticus
254:Sibudu Cave is a
235:, South Africa).
147:
146:
7778:
7766:Middle Stone Age
7667:
7660:
7653:
7644:
7643:
7600:Divje Babe flute
7507:Archaeoastronomy
7250:Petrosomatoglyph
6984:
6983:
6967:
6966:
6816:Water management
6619:
6618:
6606:
6605:
6509:Denticulate tool
6331:Lithic reduction
6064:
6063:
5885:
5884:
5872:
5871:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5692:Papua New Guinea
5392:
5391:
5379:
5378:
5331:Stanfield-Worley
5306:Rockhouse Cliffs
4720:
4719:
4703:
4702:
4571:Howieson's Poort
4268:Enkapune Ya Muto
4168:
4167:
4155:
4154:
3621:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
3322:
3321:
3309:
3308:
3076:Peñas de Cabrera
2376:Kleine Feldhofer
2336:Geissenklösterle
2188:Roc-aux-Sorciers
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1575:10.4161/cib.7743
1554:
1548:
1547:
1530:(325): 635–648.
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1103:Wynn, T (2009).
1100:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1044:
1029:
1028:
975:
962:
961:
952:(8): 1918–1930.
941:
935:
934:
917:(325): 635–648.
906:
900:
899:
897:
887:
878:(362): 289–303.
863:
857:
856:
839:(6): 1566–1580.
828:
807:
806:
782:
746:Modern behaviour
639:Middle Stone Age
563:Middle Stone Age
534:
533:
513:years ago, with
512:
511:
502:
501:
495:
494:
481:
480:
455:
454:
441:
440:
434:
433:
365:Middle Stone Age
362:
361:
355:
354:
348:
347:
341:
340:
334:
333:
323:
322:
318:
276:Middle Stone Age
230:
229:
223:
222:
216:
215:
209:
208:
202:
201:
195:
194:
181:
180:
174:
173:
166:Middle Stone Age
88:
87:
85:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
33:
21:
20:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7703:
7674:
7671:
7641:
7628:
7495:
7481:Stone box grave
7451:Megalithic tomb
7356:Cotswold-Severn
7308:
7213:Guardian stones
7141:Prehistoric art
7135:
6978:
6953:
6942:Timber trackway
6847:
6811:
6807:Wattle and daub
6660:
6639:Standing stones
6613:
6592:
6407:
6234:
6211:
6136:
6053:
5963:Food processing
5958:
5907:New World crops
5879:
5866:
5809:
5804:
5774:
5769:
5735:
5719:
5703:
5687:
5669:
5648:
5630:
5614:
5586:
5502:Mackintosh 90/1
5422:Beginner's Luck
5386:
5365:
5181:Dutchess Quarry
5121:Arnold Research
5109:
5093:
5052:
4996:
4980:
4964:
4946:
4905:
4864:
4843:
4822:
4776:
4772:Midnight Terror
4750:
4734:
4714:
4689:
4673:
4652:
4636:
4610:
4439:
4413:
4397:
4376:
4360:
4351:Kelif el Boroud
4314:
4293:
4277:
4256:
4235:
4219:
4203:
4182:
4162:
4141:
4120:
4099:
4073:
4061:
4035:
4004:
3968:
3950:
3934:
3918:
3902:
3886:
3840:
3819:
3803:
3752:
3671:
3650:
3594:
3563:
3517:
3501:
3475:
3414:
3398:
3352:
3336:
3316:
3295:
3194:
3178:
3157:
3056:los Murciélagos
3004:Roca dels Moros
2900:
2869:
2843:
2812:
2783:Chertovy Vorota
2766:
2735:
2684:
2663:
2647:
2635:North Macedonia
2629:
2613:
2597:
2581:
2563:
2500:
2479:
2418:
2390:
2314:
2077:Abri du Poisson
2042:Les Combarelles
1990:
1974:
1933:
1917:
1876:
1840:
1819:
1815:Trou de l'Abîme
1764:
1724:
1711:
1688:
1682:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1555:
1551:
1516:
1512:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1420:
1416:
1375:(6): e0131273.
1359:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1317:
1313:
1290:
1279:
1260:
1256:
1225:
1221:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1101:
1092:
1045:
1032:
976:
965:
942:
938:
907:
903:
864:
860:
829:
810:
783:
774:
769:
727:
695:
669:
626:
531:
529:
509:
507:
499:
497:
492:
490:
478:
476:
452:
450:
438:
436:
431:
429:
392:
359:
357:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
326:Howiesons Poort
320:
316:
314:
307:
252:
227:
225:
220:
218:
213:
211:
206:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
178:
176:
171:
169:
101:
81:
79:
75:
72:
67:
64:
62:
60:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7784:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7694:Pinnacle Point
7691:
7685:
7683:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7669:
7662:
7655:
7647:
7638:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7624:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7590:Alligator drum
7582:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7526:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7517:lunar calendar
7514:
7503:
7501:
7500:Other cultural
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7404:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7318:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7304:Venus figurine
7301:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7235:Megalithic art
7232:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7193:
7188:
7186:Cave paintings
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7151:
7145:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6988:Material goods
6980:
6979:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6907:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6787:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6704:Cliff dwelling
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6615:
6614:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6551:
6546:
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6506:
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6499:
6489:
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6472:
6467:
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6445:
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6435:
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6433:
6423:
6417:
6415:
6409:
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6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:Fire hardening
6286:
6281:
6279:Clovis culture
6276:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6248:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6202:Manis Mastodon
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
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6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6081:throwing stick
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
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6041:
6036:
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6026:
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5909:
5904:
5893:
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5859:
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5847:
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5825:
5814:
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5803:
5802:
5795:
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5771:
5770:
5768:
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5757:
5752:
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5725:
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5709:
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5695:
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5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
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5499:
5494:
5489:
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5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5417:Beeton Shelter
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5388:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
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5318:
5313:
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5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5089:T'uqu T'uquyuq
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4966:
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4963:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
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4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
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4758:
4756:
4752:
4751:
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4675:
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4660:
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4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4591:Pinnacle Point
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4529:
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4523:
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4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
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4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4393:The White Lady
4390:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
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4313:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3914:Khoit Tsenkher
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Creswell Crags
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Aveline's Hole
3202:
3200:
3199:United Kingdom
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3148:Santa Catalina
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2943:Monte Castillo
2940:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2824:Hadži-Prodan's
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2061:Laugerie-Haute
2059:
2057:Laugerie-Basse
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2038:Abri Chadourne
2036:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1938:Czech Republic
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:Romuald's Cave
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1702:Cave paintings
1699:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:cave paintings
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1629:External links
1627:
1624:
1623:
1598:
1549:
1510:
1453:
1440:10520/EJC84764
1434:(1): 203–222.
1414:
1346:
1311:
1277:
1254:
1219:
1192:
1179:
1154:
1090:
1030:
963:
936:
901:
858:
808:
771:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
726:
723:
707:Pinnacle Point
694:
691:
668:
665:
625:
622:
579:monocotyledons
571:
570:
538:Dried fruits,
536:
522:
504:
483:
482:years ago; and
461:
443:
416:from the cave.
391:
388:
369:Late Stone Age
306:
303:
251:
248:
145:
144:
141:
140:
133:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
57:
53:
52:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7783:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7679:Parts of the
7677:
7668:
7663:
7661:
7656:
7654:
7649:
7648:
7645:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7476:Simple dolmen
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7461:Passage grave
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7407:Gallery grave
7405:
7403:
7400:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7323:
7322:Burial mounds
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7311:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7282:Statue menhir
7280:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7270:Stone carving
7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7109:Sewing needle
7107:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6973:
6968:
6964:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6937:Timber circle
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6887:
6886:Tor enclosure
6884:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6875:
6874:fulacht fiadh
6872:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6814:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6110:spear-thrower
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6088:Bow and arrow
6086:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Grinding slab
5995:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5929:Domestication
5927:
5925:
5924:Digging stick
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5902:Founder crops
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5843:New Stone Age
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Cave painting
5758:
5756:
5755:List of caves
5753:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5636:New Caledonia
5633:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5542:New Guinea II
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Mannalargenna
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5376:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:On Your Knees
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5211:Hidden Valley
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:United States
5112:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Guilá Naquitz
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Dzibilchaltún
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Pedra Pintada
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4712:South America
4709:
4704:
4700:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4576:Klasies River
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Byneskranskop
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:Ifri Oudadane
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4310:Uan Muhuggiag
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Batadombalena
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Ras Baalbek I
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Nahal Me'arot
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3292:
3291:Windmill Hill
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Heathery Burn
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:Tito Bustillo
2969:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:Las Chimeneas
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Akhshtyrskaya
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Pego do Diabo
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Arene Candide
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Devil's Tower
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Pair-non-Pair
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Le Mas-d'Azil
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Arcy-sur-Cure
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Font-de-Gaume
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:Abri Castanet
2019:
2018:
2017:Castel Merle
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1208:: 1790–1807.
1207:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
974:
972:
970:
968:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
905:
896:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
779:
777:
772:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
690:
685:
680:
677:
673:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
621:
618:
615:
610:
608:
607:
602:
601:goniothalamin
598:
597:cryptofolione
594:
590:
589:
584:
580:
576:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
553:
548:
546:
541:
537:
527:
523:
520:
516:
505:
488:
484:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
448:
444:
427:
423:
422:
421:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
383:
379:
376:
374:
370:
366:
327:
312:
298:
294:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
245:
240:
236:
234:
188:
183:
175:years ago to
167:
163:
162:KwaZulu-Natal
159:
155:
151:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
91:
86:
58:
54:
51:
50:KwaZulu-Natal
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
7698:
7417:wedge-shaped
7402:Funeral pyre
7395:Great dolmen
7351:Chamber tomb
7332:Round barrow
7287:Stone circle
7159:Blombos Cave
7087:Grooved ware
7011:Chalcolithic
6915:Thornborough
6833:Flush toilet
6777:
6768:Blombos Cave
6763:Rock shelter
6719:Quiggly hole
6611:Architecture
6586:illustration
6228:Buffalo jump
6049:Storage pits
6012:Aşıklı Höyük
6002:Ground stone
5838:Subdivisions
5567:Wargata Mina
5527:Murrawijinie
5462:Eagles Reach
5457:Devil's Lair
5361:Wilson Butte
5146:Cherry Creek
5136:Bull Thistle
4881:Chiribiquete
4839:Charlie Lake
4767:Barton Creek
4595:
4581:Melkhoutboom
4521:Sterkfontein
4511:Plovers Lake
4444:South Africa
4346:Jebel Irhoud
4331:Ifri N'Ammar
4066:Turkmenistan
4031:Hunugalagala
3815:Iraq ed-Dubb
3580:Jeriji Saléh
3241:High Pasture
2798:Shulgan-Tash
2721:Pedra Furada
2542:
2381:Lichtenstein
2371:Brillenhöhle
2300:Le Regourdou
2260:La Ferrassie
2255:Combe Grenal
2198:Trois Frères
2133:Fontéchevade
2086:La Madeleine
1740:Drachenhöhle
1614:. Retrieved
1610:
1601:
1569:(2): 191–3.
1566:
1562:
1552:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1476:
1472:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1372:
1366:
1349:
1324:
1321:J. Hum. Evol
1320:
1314:
1297:
1293:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1235:(6): 681–9.
1232:
1229:J. Hum. Evol
1228:
1222:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1112:
1108:
1056:
1052:
992:
988:
949:
945:
939:
914:
910:
904:
875:
871:
861:
836:
832:
794:
790:
703:Blombos Cave
696:
687:
682:
670:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
627:
619:
611:
604:
586:
572:
556:
550:
543:
519:insecticidal
487:Blombos cave
471:), used for
419:
414:Lithic tools
396:lithic flake
393:
377:
324:years ago),
308:
284:
256:rock shelter
253:
241:
237:
184:
154:rock shelter
149:
148:
109:Sibhudu Cave
68:31°05′09.2″E
65:29°31′21.5″S
18:
7720:Border Cave
7699:Sibudu Cave
7439:unchambered
7434:Long barrow
7424:Grave goods
7380:Court cairn
7375:Clava cairn
7327:Bowl barrow
7265:Rock cupule
7208:Golden hats
7201:Hill figure
7102:Unstan ware
7082:Cord-marked
6947:Sweet Track
6869:Burnt mound
6790:Stilt house
6778:Sibudu Cave
6571:Tally stick
6539:Quern-stone
6524:Hammerstone
6514:Fire plough
6485:Pesse canoe
6443:Bannerstone
6413:Other tools
6326:Lithic core
6274:Aurignacian
6162:Bare Island
6044:Quern-stone
5653:New Zealand
5477:Gwion Gwion
5346:Trail Creek
5271:Meadowcroft
5231:Last Supper
5161:Daugherty's
5023:Las Flechas
4808:Rei do Mato
4532:Other caves
4516:Rising Star
4491:Makapansgat
4456:Bolt's Farm
4273:Njoro River
4116:Teshik-Tash
4111:Obi-Rakhmat
4095:Yarımburgaz
3995:Lapuz Lapuz
3973:Philippines
3882:Nachcharini
3877:Ras El Kelb
3836:Tam Pa Ling
3831:Tham An Mah
3713:Nahal Hemar
3461:Zhoukoudian
3436:Guanyindong
3410:Laang Spean
3332:Darra-e Kur
3325:Afghanistan
3271:Portbraddon
3261:Marble Arch
3174:Wildkirchli
3162:Switzerland
3098:Other caves
3071:Ojo Guareña
3051:Maltravieso
3046:Los Casares
3021:Siega Verde
2986:Los Aviones
2981:Santimamiñe
2955:Las Monedas
2948:El Castillo
2855:Čertova pec
2803:Mezmaiskaya
2711:Lagar Velho
2643:Cocev Kamen
2522:Balzi Rossi
2362:Other caves
2351:Sirgenstein
2280:Le Moustier
2270:Fontbrégoua
2230:Bonne-Femme
2210:Other caves
1929:Aetokremnos
1872:Utroba Cave
1778:Claminforge
1775:Belle-Roche
1327:(1): 3–24.
895:11336/81248
797:: 145–151.
715:Border Cave
606:Cryptocarya
535:years ago).
521:properties;
515:Cape laurel
449:, dated to
272:downcutting
250:Description
233:Border Cave
182:years ago.
150:Sibudu Cave
135:2024 (46th
132:Inscription
80: /
56:Coordinates
24:Sibudu Cave
7740:Categories
7578:trepanning
7471:Ring cairn
7429:Jar burial
7412:transepted
7344:U.S. sites
7245:Petroglyph
7171:Bird stone
7129:wine press
6802:Stone roof
6785:Roundhouse
6677:long house
6654:Stonehenge
6622:Ceremonial
6566:Stone tool
6393:Tool stone
6363:Metallurgy
6267:Mousterian
6244:Toolmaking
6182:Cumberland
6155:Transverse
6125:Schöningen
6017:Qesem cave
5985:Earth oven
5939:Irrigation
5850:Technology
5818:Prehistory
5765:Speleology
5582:Wellington
5537:Naracoorte
5522:Mudgegonga
5507:Madjedbebe
5472:Gabarnmung
5412:Ballawinne
5402:Abrakurrie
5301:Pictograph
5079:Qillqatani
5074:Pikimachay
5069:Guitarrero
5064:Chivateros
5043:Oxtotitlán
4896:Tequendama
4606:Wonderwerk
4586:Nelson Bay
4566:Elands Bay
4526:Swartkrans
4471:Gladysvale
4418:Somaliland
4365:Mozambique
4305:Haua Fteah
4104:Uzbekistan
3769:Minatogawa
3764:Kosegasawa
3718:Nahal Oren
3662:Hazar Merd
3631:Qaleh Bozi
3616:Do-Ashkaft
3513:Satsurblia
3480:East Timor
3357:Azerbaijan
3246:Kendrick's
3211:Bontnewydd
3133:Don Gaspar
3086:Praileaitz
3041:Las Caldas
2959:La Pasiega
2886:Divje Babe
2808:Okladnikov
2793:Ignatievka
2716:Pala Pinta
2625:Għar Dalam
2602:Luxembourg
2577:St Brelade
2559:Villabruna
2470:Stravomyti
2460:Megalakkos
2445:Eileithyia
2430:Alepotrypa
2341:Hohle Fels
2227:Balauzière
2183:Pech Merle
2091:Rouffignac
2065:La Micoque
2047:Cro-Magnon
2006:Bara Bahau
1950:Býčí skála
1898:Vela Spila
1857:Devetashka
1852:Bacho Kiro
767:References
761:Lyn Wadley
583:larvicidal
577:and other
540:carbonised
402:tools and
390:Technology
305:Occupation
287:Lyn Wadley
268:sugar cane
189:date back
7622:symbolism
7486:Tor cairn
7444:Grønsalen
7385:Cremation
7277:Sculpture
7255:Pictogram
7240:Petroform
7060:amber use
7028:Cosmetics
6838:Reservoir
6823:Check dam
6753:Pueblitos
6748:Pit-house
6731:Longhouse
6665:Dwellings
6534:Microlith
6465:Bow drill
6460:Bone tool
6453:prismatic
6262:Acheulean
6177:Cresswell
6150:Arrowhead
6076:Boomerang
5992:Granaries
5954:Terracing
5833:Stone Age
5731:Nanumanga
5715:Falemauga
5626:Makauwahi
5395:Australia
5351:Trinchera
5226:La Grange
5196:Gatecliff
5191:Franktown
5186:Fort Rock
5166:Dry Creek
5084:Toquepala
5048:Sac Actun
5038:Ox Bel Ha
5028:Frightful
5013:Coxcatlan
4992:Long Mile
4746:Quadiriki
4723:Argentina
4561:Diepkloof
4546:Boomplaas
4501:Minnaar's
4486:Kromdraai
4435:Laas Geel
4430:Dhaymoole
4425:Dhambalin
4388:Apollo 11
4289:Liphofung
4215:Shum Laka
4178:Gueldaman
4132:Con Moong
4009:Sri Lanka
3956:Palestine
3930:Padah-Lin
3867:Ksar Akil
3799:Yamashita
3784:Pinza-Abu
3590:Pettakere
3585:Liang Bua
3568:Indonesia
3554:Pahargarh
3539:Bhimbetka
3497:Lene Hara
3487:Jerimalai
3466:Zengpiyan
3456:Yuchanyan
3256:Long Hole
3153:del Valle
3128:dels Bous
3081:la Pileta
3016:Atapuerca
2931:Covalanas
2829:Pešturina
2757:Muierilor
2747:Coliboaia
2659:Svarthola
2475:Theopetra
2465:Petralona
2450:Franchthi
2440:Asphendou
2396:Gibraltar
2366:Baumann's
2356:Vogelherd
2331:Bockstein
2310:Vallonnet
2305:Rochereil
2295:Raymonden
2285:Noisetier
2237:Bruniquel
2158:Marsoulas
2148:Lombrives
2143:La Marche
2069:La Mouthe
2035:Abri Audi
2013:Cap Blanc
1955:Koněprusy
1945:Amatérská
1913:Veternica
1862:Kozarnika
1836:Ledenjača
1760:Tischofer
1750:Lurgrotte
1544:162438490
1524:Antiquity
1448:1681-5564
1268:S Afr Hum
1025:221113832
931:162438490
911:Antiquity
803:10204/527
672:Artefacts
545:Antidesma
465:plant gum
426:arrowhead
311:Still Bay
158:sandstone
7260:Rock art
7223:painting
7196:Geoglyph
7021:timeline
7001:Beadwork
6741:Mehrgarh
6736:Mudbrick
6644:megalith
6519:Fire-saw
6341:debitage
6336:analysis
6304:Hand axe
6284:Cupstone
5862:Glossary
5823:Timeline
5572:Warratyi
5557:Tarragal
5547:Nunamira
5532:Murujuga
5497:Kutikina
5492:Koonalda
5487:Koongine
5447:Cliefden
5442:Cave Bay
5341:Tomaquag
5326:Sisyphus
5256:Mantle's
5246:Lovelock
5241:LoDaisKa
5221:Humboldt
5105:Werehpai
5098:Suriname
5008:Chan Hol
4927:Centella
4917:Ambrosio
4869:Colombia
4834:Bluefish
4678:Zimbabwe
4615:Tanzania
4601:Stadsaal
4506:Motsetsi
4476:Gondolin
4466:Drimolen
4461:Cooper's
4356:Taforalt
4326:Hercules
4252:Swimmers
4224:DR Congo
4208:Cameroon
4187:Botswana
4057:Tham Lod
4047:Pha Taem
4040:Thailand
4021:Belilena
3939:Pakistan
3907:Mongolia
3891:Malaysia
3852:Antelias
3794:Tobayama
3748:Zuttiyeh
3667:Shanidar
3529:Ambadevi
3446:Tianyuan
3426:Baishiya
3403:Cambodia
3143:El Mirón
3138:Guanches
3113:Armintxe
3031:Bacinete
2976:Altxerri
2965:El Pendo
2935:La Garma
2917:Altamira
2874:Slovenia
2865:Jasovská
2848:Slovakia
2834:Risovača
2788:Denisova
2752:Cuciulat
2706:Furninha
2701:Escoural
2689:Portugal
2680:Paradise
2675:Obłazowa
2609:Loschbur
2549:Paglicci
2532:Corbeddu
2414:Vanguard
2409:Gorham's
2290:La Quina
2233:Bouillon
2220:Aurignac
2024:Reverdit
2009:Bernifal
1888:Grapčeva
1845:Bulgaria
1805:Scladina
1792:Naulette
1755:Salzofen
1593:19513276
1505:19433786
1409:26125562
1368:PLOS One
1341:15656934
1274:: 27–41.
1249:17337038
1172:1 August
1149:19506246
1085:19433786
1017:32792402
725:See also
467:and red
400:bifacial
373:Iron Age
328:(before
123:Criteria
42:Location
7715:Blombos
7617:Symbols
7228:pigment
7114:Weaving
7077:Cardium
7072:Pottery
7067:Mirrors
7055:Jewelry
6996:Baskets
6976:culture
6828:Cistern
6634:Pyramid
6576:Weapons
6554:Scraper
6544:Racloir
6504:Cleaver
6492:Chopper
6398:Uniface
6309:Grooves
6299:Hafting
6257:Oldowan
6216:Systems
6167:Cascade
6130:woomera
6120:harpoon
6093:history
6059:Hunting
6039:Pottery
5980:Cooking
5889:Farming
5855:history
5828:Outline
5683:Chugai'
5665:Ruakuri
5600:Gadao's
5577:Warreen
5512:Mammoth
5482:Jenolan
5427:Blanche
5407:Acheron
5384:Oceania
5356:Ventana
5336:Tainter
5311:Russell
5296:Pendejo
5291:Paisley
5251:Mammoth
5171:Durango
5131:Bonfire
4985:Jamaica
4952:Curaçao
4891:Sáchica
4876:El Abra
4860:Milodón
4803:Peruaçu
4793:Maquiné
4685:Bambata
4664:Kalemba
4536:Blombos
4481:Haasgat
4402:Nigeria
4381:Namibia
4319:Morocco
4282:Lesotho
4194:Tsodilo
4171:Algeria
4125:Vietnam
4085:Belbaşı
4071:Dzhebel
4026:Fa Hien
3985:Kalanay
3946:Sanghao
3923:Myanmar
3862:Kaukaba
3845:Lebanon
3733:Raqefet
3703:Misliya
3688:HaYonim
3636:Warwasi
3611:Darband
3606:Bisitun
3575:Harimau
3549:Gudiyam
3544:Edakkal
3506:Georgia
3451:Xianren
3379:Damjili
3374:Buzeyir
3348:Areni-1
3341:Armenia
3266:Oldbury
3231:Gough's
3216:Cathole
3190:Verteba
3183:Ukraine
2740:Romania
2731:Salemas
2696:Aroeira
2527:Cavallo
2512:Addaura
2491:Baradla
2484:Hungary
2435:Apidima
2319:Germany
2275:Lazaret
2203:Villars
2123:Cosquer
2103:Chauvet
2081:Lascaux
1979:Finland
1903:Vindija
1893:Krapina
1881:Croatia
1801:Ramioul
1769:Belgium
1745:Gudenus
1733:Austria
1616:3 April
1584:2686379
1496:2700998
1400:4488428
1377:Bibcode
1140:2701010
1117:Bibcode
1076:2700998
997:Bibcode
989:Science
841:Bibcode
635:acidity
593:pyrones
547:venosum
473:hafting
289:of the
264:Tongaat
137:Session
114:Part of
46:Tongaat
7595:flutes
7390:Dolmen
7314:Burial
7124:winery
7097:Linear
6927:Midden
6905:Cursus
6898:Goseck
6758:Pueblo
6709:Dugout
6694:Burdei
6373:Mining
6197:Lamoka
6192:Folsom
6172:Clovis
6029:Metate
6007:Hearth
5975:Basket
5949:Sickle
5724:Tuvalu
5660:Moncks
5644:Pindai
5619:Hawaii
5610:Talagi
5605:Mahlac
5467:Fossil
5452:Cloggs
5437:Burrup
5316:Sandia
5261:Marmes
5206:Hidden
5201:Graham
5156:Danger
5141:Burnet
5001:Mexico
4976:Pomier
4937:Patana
4922:Calero
4901:Tibitó
4827:Canada
4788:Gentio
4781:Brazil
4755:Belize
4669:Mumbwa
4657:Zambia
4641:Uganda
4622:Kondoa
4596:Sibudu
4541:Border
4496:Malapa
4372:Ngalue
4247:Beasts
4231:Matupi
4160:Africa
4090:Karain
4078:Turkey
4052:Spirit
3990:Minori
3980:Callao
3964:Shuqba
3808:Jordan
3779:Ōzakai
3774:Muroya
3723:Qafzeh
3693:Kebara
3676:Israel
3646:Yafteh
3641:Wezmeh
3471:Zhiren
3384:Tağlar
3286:Thor's
3221:Coygan
3169:Bichon
3123:Bedmar
3091:Sidrón
2927:Chufín
2860:Domica
2817:Serbia
2771:Russia
2668:Poland
2652:Norway
2586:Kosovo
2569:Jersey
2554:Romito
2496:Szelim
2455:Kleidi
2423:Greece
2128:Cussac
2118:Gargas
2073:Pataud
1995:France
1965:Mladeč
1922:Cyprus
1867:Magura
1831:Badanj
1824:Bosnia
1722:Europe
1611:UNESCO
1591:
1581:
1542:
1503:
1493:
1446:
1407:
1397:
1339:
1247:
1147:
1137:
1083:
1073:
1023:
1015:
929:
717:, and
631:mastic
599:, and
526:casein
447:needle
404:points
260:Durban
187:spears
7708:Other
7512:sites
7456:Mummy
7176:Cairn
7092:Jōmon
7043:shoes
7038:Hides
6910:Henge
6864:Broch
6726:Jacal
6581:Wheel
6529:Knife
6475:Canoe
6470:Burin
6448:Blade
6346:flake
6207:Plano
6115:baton
6105:Spear
6071:Arrow
6024:Manos
5877:Tools
5708:Samoa
5562:Ubirr
5552:ORS 7
5321:Shoup
5281:Mummy
5276:Modoc
5266:Martz
5216:Hogup
5126:Baker
4942:Pluma
4848:Chile
4813:Santo
4739:Aruba
4708:North
4648:Nyero
4632:Mumba
4556:Cango
4298:Libya
4261:Kenya
4240:Egypt
4137:Ngườm
4000:Tabon
3857:Jeita
3757:Japan
3743:Tabun
3738:Skhul
3728:Qesem
3698:Manot
3559:Tikla
3534:Belum
3522:India
3492:Laili
3441:Luobi
3431:Fuyan
3419:China
3394:Gazma
3369:Azykh
3364:Allar
3251:Kents
3118:Axlor
3108:Antón
3103:Ángel
3061:Nerja
2999:Araña
2905:Spain
2896:Potok
2891:Pekel
2881:Betal
2618:Malta
2543:Felci
2505:Italy
2386:Ofnet
2246:Cauna
2242:Calès
2215:Arago
2193:Renne
2173:Niaux
1970:Šipka
1960:Kůlna
1787:Goyet
1782:Engis
1649:SAHRA
1647:, at
1540:S2CID
1469:(PDF)
1021:S2CID
927:S2CID
676:beads
614:blade
575:sedge
469:ochre
156:in a
152:is a
7605:gudi
7363:Cist
7292:list
7119:Wine
7048:Ötzi
7033:Glue
7006:Beds
6974:and
6972:Arts
6843:Well
6699:Cave
6629:Kiva
6559:side
6549:Rope
6497:tool
6431:bone
6421:Adze
6187:Eden
6100:Nets
5970:Fire
5934:Goad
5919:Celt
5751:Cave
5699:Kilu
5592:Guam
5432:Bone
5236:Levi
5176:Dust
5057:Peru
4960:Hato
4932:Cura
4910:Cuba
4855:Fell
4710:and
4627:Bahi
3898:Niah
3824:Laos
3683:Amud
3655:Iraq
3599:Iran
3314:Asia
3281:Sand
3066:Niño
2762:Oase
2537:Deer
2265:Fées
1986:Wolf
1618:2015
1589:PMID
1501:PMID
1444:ISSN
1405:PMID
1337:PMID
1245:PMID
1174:2024
1145:PMID
1081:PMID
1013:PMID
458:hide
6714:Hut
6649:row
6480:Oar
6438:Axe
6426:Awl
4409:Rop
3389:Zar
2224:Azé
1810:Spy
1579:PMC
1571:doi
1532:doi
1491:PMC
1481:doi
1477:106
1436:hdl
1395:PMC
1385:doi
1360:000
1329:doi
1302:doi
1237:doi
1210:doi
1135:PMC
1125:doi
1113:106
1071:PMC
1061:doi
1057:106
1005:doi
993:369
954:doi
919:doi
890:hdl
880:doi
849:doi
799:hdl
795:100
532:000
510:000
500:000
493:000
479:000
453:000
439:000
432:000
360:000
353:600
346:700
339:500
332:000
321:000
319:–71
317:000
228:000
226:200
221:000
214:000
207:000
200:000
193:000
191:400
179:000
172:000
7742::
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