Siberian tiger - Knowledge

745: 1601:, China, near the borders of Russia and North Korea. He suffered compound fractures but managed to survive. When he sought medical attention, his story raised suspicions as Siberian tigers seldom attack humans. An investigation of the attack scene revealed that raw venison carried by the man was left untouched by the tiger. Officials suspected the man to be a poacher who provoked the attack. The following morning, tiger sightings were reported by locals along the same road, and a local TV station did an on-site coverage. The group found tiger tracks and blood spoor in the snow at the attack scene and followed them for approximately 2,500 meters, hoping to catch a glimpse of the animal. Soon, the tiger was seen ambling slowly ahead of them. As the team tried to get closer for a better camera view, the tiger suddenly turned and charged, causing the four to flee in panic. About an hour after that encounter, the tiger attacked and killed a 26-year-old woman on the same road. Authorities retrieved the body with the help of a bulldozer. By then, the tiger was found lying 20 meters away, weak and barely alive. It was successfully tranquilized and taken for examination, which revealed that the tiger was anemic and gravely injured by a poacher's snare around its neck, with the steel wire cutting deeply down to the vertebrae, severing both trachea and esophagus. Despite extensive surgery by a team of veterinarians, the tiger died of wound infection. Subsequent investigation revealed that the first victim was a poacher who set multiple snares that caught both the tiger and a deer. The man was later charged for poaching and harming 1187:, where until the beginning of the 20th century, very few wolves were sighted. Wolf numbers may have increased in the region after tigers were largely eliminated during the Russian colonisation in the late 19th century and early 20th century. This is corroborated by native inhabitants of the region claiming that they had no memory of wolves inhabiting Sikhote-Alin until the 1930s, when tiger numbers decreased. Today, wolves are considered scarce in tiger habitat, being found in scattered pockets, and usually seen travelling as loners or in small groups. First hand accounts on interactions between the two species indicate that tigers occasionally chase wolves from their kills, while wolves will scavenge from tiger kills. Tigers are not known to prey on wolves, though there are four records of tigers killing wolves without consuming them. Tigers recently released are also said to hunt wolves. 955: 1096: 759: 204: 712: 1221: 1322:, illegal deforestation and bribery of park rangers facilitated poaching of Siberian tigers. Local hunters had access to a formerly sealed off lucrative Chinese market, and this once again put the region's tiger population at risk of extinction. While improvement in the local economy has led to greater resources being invested in conservation efforts, an increase in economic activity has led to an increased rate of development and deforestation. The major obstacle in preserving the tiger is the enormous territory individual tigers require; up to 450 km (170 sq mi) is needed by a single female and more for a single male. 1562:. Numerous cases of attacks on humans were recorded in the 19th century, occurring usually in central Asia excluding Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and the Far East. Tigers were historically rarely considered dangerous unless provoked, though in the lower reaches of the Syr-Darya, a tiger reportedly killed a woman collecting firewood and an unarmed military officer whilst passing through reed thickets. Attacks on shepherds were recorded in the lower reaches of Ili. In the Far East, during the middle and late 19th century, attacks on people were recorded. In 1867 on the Tsymukha River, tigers killed 21 men and injured 6 others. In China's 1524:, and was meant to build a Siberian tiger gene pool to ensure the genetic diversity of the tiger. The Park and its existing tiger population would be further divided into two parts, one as the protective species for genetic management and the other as the ornamental species. It was discovered that when the Heilongjiang Northeast Tiger Forest Park was founded it had only 8 tigers, but according to the current breeding rate of tigers at the park, the worldwide number of wild Siberian tigers will break through 1,000 in late 2010. South Korea expected to receive three tigers pledged for donation in 2009 by Russia in 2011. 1649: 1088: 622:

presence of authors. Their comparison with historical data indicates that up to the first half of the 20th century both male and female Siberian tigers were on average heavier than post-1970 ones. The average historical wild male Siberian tiger weighed 215.3 kg (475 lb) and the female 137.5 kg (303 lb); the contemporary wild male Siberian tiger weighs 176.4 kg (389 lb) on average with an asymptotic limit being 222.3 kg (490 lb); a wild female weighs 117.9 kg (260 lb) on average. Historical Siberian tigers and

1386: 731:

outlines. The summer fur on the back is 15–17 mm (0.59–0.67 in) long, 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) along the top of the neck, 25–35 mm (0.98–1.38 in) on the abdomen, and 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in) on the tail. The winter fur on the back is 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in), 70–110 mm (2.8–4.3 in) on the top of the neck, 70–95 mm (2.8–3.7 in) on the throat, 60–100 mm (2.4–3.9 in) on the chest and 65–105 mm (2.6–4.1 in) on the abdomen. The whiskers are 90–115 mm (3.5–4.5 in).

329: 479: 38: 1502: 687:, are very high and strong in old males, and often much more massive than usually observed in the biggest skulls of Bengal tigers. The size variation in skulls of Siberian tigers ranges from 331 to 383 mm (13.0 to 15.1 in) in nine individuals measured. A female skull is always smaller and never as heavily built and robust as that of a male. The height of the sagittal crest in its middle part reaches as much as 27 mm (1.1 in), and in its posterior part up to 46 mm (1.8 in). 278:, but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population was declining. An initial census held in 2015 indicated that the Siberian tiger population had increased to 480–540 individuals in the Russian Far East, including 100 cubs. This was followed up by a more detailed census which revealed there was a total population of 562 wild Siberian tigers in Russia. As of 2014, about 35 individuals were estimated to range in the international border area between Russia and China. 59: 909: 590: 1183:) numbers, either to the point of localized extinction or to such low numbers as to make them a functionally insignificant component of the ecosystem. Wolves appear capable of escaping competitive exclusion from tigers only when human pressure decreases tiger numbers. In areas where wolves and tigers share ranges, the two species typically display a great deal of dietary overlap, resulting in intense competition. Wolf and tiger interactions are well documented in 1533: 1430: 643:

tail measures 99 cm (39 in) in males and 91 cm (36 in) in females. The longest male measured 309 cm (122 in) in total length including a tail of 101 cm (40 in) and with a chest girth of 127 cm (50 in). The longest female measured 270 cm (110 in) in total length including tail of 88 cm (35 in) and with a chest girth of 108 cm (43 in). A male captured by members of the

1890: 1570: 699:

tigers, with a maximum recorded condylobasal length of 342 mm (13.5 in). The biggest skull of a Siberian tiger from northeast China measured 406 mm (16.0 in) in length, which is about 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) more than the maximum skull lengths of tigers from the Amur region and northern India, with the exception of a skull of a northern Indian tiger from the vicinity of

581:: the northern clade comprises the Siberian and Caspian tiger populations, and the southern clade all remaining continental tiger populations. A study published in 2018 was based on 32 tiger specimens using a whole-genome sequencing for analysis. Results support six monophyletic tiger clades and indicate that the most recent common ancestor lived about 110,000 years ago. 1239: 3526: 727:

populations was brighter and more uniform than that of the Far Eastern populations. The summer coat is coarse, while the winter coat is denser, longer, softer, and silkier. The winter fur often appears quite shaggy on the trunk and is markedly longer on the head, almost covering the ears. Siberian and Caspian tigers had the thickest fur amongst tigers.

1151:

following tiger tracks to scavenge tiger kills and to potentially prey on tigers. Despite the threat of predation, some brown bears actually benefit from the presence of tigers by appropriating tiger kills that the bears may not be able to successfully hunt themselves. Brown bears generally prefer to contest the much smaller female tigers. During

744: 2499:

Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &

924:

population estimated in 1993 reached 0.3 tigers in 100 km (39 sq mi), with a sex ratio of averaging 2.4 females per male. These density values were much lower than what had been reported for other subspecies at the time. In 2004, dramatic changes in land tenure, population density, and

726:

The fur of the Siberian tiger is moderately thick, coarse and sparse compared to that of other felids living in the former Soviet Union. Compared to the extinct westernmost populations, the Siberian tiger's summer and winter coats contrast sharply with other subspecies. Generally, the coat of western

532:

relationships of tiger subspecies and observed a remarkable similarity between Caspian and Siberian tigers, indicating that the Siberian tiger is the genetically closest living relative of the Caspian tiger, which strongly implies a very recent common ancestry. Based on phylogeographic analysis, they

527:

and Hebrew University of Jerusalem collected tissue samples from 20 of 23 Caspian tiger specimens kept in museums across Eurasia. They sequenced at least one segment of five mitochondrial genes and found a low amount of variability of the mitochondrial DNA in Caspian tigers as compared to other tiger

1131:

were found in several tiger scat samples. Tigers attack black bears less often than brown bears, as the latter live in more open habitats and are not able to climb trees. In the same time period, four cases of brown bears killing female tigers and young cubs were reported, both in disputes over prey

1074:

and monitored for more than 15 months in the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range. Results of this study indicate that their distribution is closely associated with distribution of Manchurian wapiti, while distribution of wild boar was not such a strong predictor for tiger distribution.

698:

in January 1954 had a greatest skull length of 385 mm (15.2 in), which is considerably more than the known maximum for this population and slightly exceeds that of most Siberian tigers. However, its condylobasal length was only 305 mm (12.0 in), smaller than those of the Siberian

1465:

with the Iranian government, as conservation groups of both countries agreed on reintroducing these animals into the wild within the next five years. This issue is controversial since only 30% of such releases have been successful. In addition, the Siberian tiger is not genetically identical to the

1163:

and tigers to abstract their prey. In the Sikhote-Alin reserve, 35% of tiger kills were stolen by bears, with tigers either departing entirely or leaving part of the kill for the bear. Some studies show that bears frequently track down tigers to usurp their kills, with occasional fatal outcomes for

730:

The whiskers and hair on the back of the head and the top of the neck are also greatly elongated. The background colour of the winter coat is generally less bright and rusty compared to that of the summer coat. Because of the winter fur's greater length, the stripes appear broader with less defined

722:

The ground colour of Siberian tigers' pelage is often very pale, especially in winter coat. However, variations within populations may be considerable. Individual variation is also found in form, length, and partly in colour, of the dark stripes, which have been described as being dark brown rather

2682:

Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.;

1861:

Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;

642:

in the Sikhote-Alin range from 178 to 208 cm (70 to 82 in) in head and body length measured in straight line, with an average of 195 cm (77 in) for males; and for females ranging from 167 to 182 cm (66 to 72 in) with an average of 174 cm (69 in). The average

553:

structure analyses clearly identified two populations separated by a development corridor in Russia. Despite their well-documented 20th century decline, the researchers failed to find evidence of a recent population bottleneck, although genetic signatures of a historical contraction were detected.

1635:

province. Park officials reported that the bus driver violated safety guidelines by leaving the vehicle to check on the condition of the bus. In September 2013, a tiger mauled a zookeeper to death at a zoo in western Germany after the worker forgot to lock a cage door during feeding time. In July

1512:

In recent years, captive breeding of tigers in China has accelerated to the point where the captive population of several tiger subspecies exceeds 4,000 animals. Three thousand specimens are reportedly held by 10–20 "significant" facilities, with the remainder scattered among some 200 facilities.

1453:

and forms a large wetland of about 8,000 km (3,100 sq mi). Until 1948, the delta was a refuge of the extinct Caspian tiger. Reintroduction of the Siberian tiger to the delta has been proposed. Large populations of wild boar inhabit the swamps of the delta. The reintroduction of the

1206:

bore evidence of predation by a Siberian tiger. The tiger apparently ambushed, pursued, and killed the lynx but only consumed it partially. This incident marks one of the first documented cases of a tiger preying on a lynx, and indicates that the tiger might have been more intent on eliminating a

863:

In 2005, the number of Amur tigers in China was estimated at 18–22, and 331–393 in the Russian Far East, comprising a breeding adult population of about 250, fewer than 100 likely to be sub-adults, more than 20 likely to be less than 3 years of age. More than 90% of the population occurred in the

1615:

in December 2007, a tiger escaped and killed a visitor, and injured two others. The animal was shot by the police. The zoo was widely criticized for maintaining only a 12.5 ft (3.8 m) fence around the tiger enclosure, while the international standard is 16 ft (4.9 m). The zoo

1581:

According to the Japanese Police Bureau in Korea, in 1928 a tiger killed one human, whereas leopards killed three, wild boars four and wolves killed 48. Six cases were recorded in 20th century Russia of unprovoked attacks leading to man-eating behaviour. Provoked attacks are however more common,

621:

In 2005, a group of Russian, American and Indian zoologists published an analysis of historical and contemporary data on body weights of wild and captive tigers, both female and male across all subspecies. The data used include weights of tigers that were older than 35 months and measured in the

1425:

Delta was suggested as a potential site for such a project. A feasibility study was initiated to investigate if the area is suitable and if such an initiative would receive support from relevant decision makers. A viable tiger population of about 100 animals would require at least 5,000 km

1353:

was founded, with the aim of providing a comprehensive picture of the ecology of the Amur tiger and the role of tigers in the Russian Far East through scientific studies. By capturing and outfitting tigers with radio collars, their social structure, land use patterns, food habits, reproduction,

1272:

and are left alone when the female leaves to hunt for food. Cubs are divided equally between sexes at birth. However, by adulthood there are usually two to four females for every male. The female cubs remain with their mothers longer, and later they establish territories close to their original

1078:

Results of a three-year study on Siberian tigers indicate that the mean interval between their kills and estimated prey consumption varied across seasons: during 2009 to 2012, three adult tigers killed prey every 7.4 days in summer and consumed a daily average of 7.89 kg (17.4 lb); in

1426:(1,900 sq mi) of large tracts of contiguous habitat with rich prey populations. Such habitat is not presently available in the delta and so cannot be provided in the short term. The proposed region is therefore unsuitable for the reintroduction, at least at this stage of development. 934:

with their daughters once the daughters reached maturity. By 2007, population density of tigers was estimated at 0.8±0.4 tigers in 100 km (39 sq mi) in the southern part of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik, and 0.6±0.3 tigers in 100 km (39 sq mi) in the central part of the

1242: 1150:

The effect the presence of tigers has on brown bear behavior seems to vary. In the winters of 1970–1973, Yudakov and Nikolaev recorded two cases of bears showing no fear of tigers and another case of a brown bear changing path upon crossing tiger tracks. Other researchers have observed bears

662:

in 1943, reportedly measured 350 cm (140 in) "over the curves", with a tail length of about 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It weighed about 300 kg (660 lb). Dubious sources mention weights of 318 and 384 kg (701 and 847 lb) and even 408 kg (899 lb).

1241: 1246: 1245: 1240: 3288:

Qi, J.; Gu, J.; Ning, Y.; Miquelle, D. G.; Holyoak, M.; Wen, D.; Liang, X.; Liu, S.; Roberts, N.; Yang, E.; Lang, J.; Wang, F.; Li, C.; Liang, Z.; Liu, P.; Ren, Y.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, M.; Ma, J.; Chang, J. & Jiang, G. (2021). "Integrated assessments call for establishing a sustainable

1075:

Although they prey on both Siberian roe deer and sika deer, overlap of these ungulates with tigers was low. Distribution of moose was poorly associated with tiger distribution. The distribution of preferred habitat of key prey species was an accurate predictor of tiger distribution.

1247: 431:. In 2015, morphological, ecological and molecular traits of all putative tiger subspecies were analysed in a combined approach. Results support distinction of the two evolutionary groups: continental and Sunda tigers. The authors proposed recognition of only two subspecies: namely 1299:. Further exacerbating the problem is that more than 90% of the population occurred in the Sikhote Alin mountain region. Tigers rarely move across the development corridor, which separates this sub-population from the much smaller sub-population in southwest Primorye province. 1366:, which responds to all tiger-human conflicts; by continuing to enhance the large database on tiger ecology and conservation with the goal of creating a comprehensive Siberian tiger conservation plan; and training the next generation of Russian conservation biologists. 400:

of several tiger subspecies was questioned in 1999. Most putative subspecies described in the 19th and 20th centuries were distinguished on the basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size – characteristics that vary widely within populations.

1466:

Caspian tiger. Another difference is the climatic, with temperatures higher in Iran than in Siberia. Introducing exotic species into a new habitat could inflict irreversible and unknown damage. In December 2010, one of the tigers exchanged died in Eram Zoo in

1244: 617:

In the 1980s, the typical weight range of wild Siberian tigers was indicated as 180 to 306 kg (397 to 675 lb) for males and 100 to 167 kg (220 to 368 lb) for females. Exceptionally large individuals were targeted and shot by hunters.

929:

Siberian Tiger Project were detected, suggesting that when tigers are well protected from human-induced mortality for long periods, the adult female population density increases significantly. When more adult females survived, the mothers shared their

1190:

This competitive exclusion of wolves by tigers has been used by Russian conservationists to convince hunters in the Far East to tolerate the big cats, as they limit ungulate populations less than wolves, and are effective in controlling wolf numbers.

626:

were the largest ones, whereas contemporary Siberian tigers are on average lighter than Bengal tigers. The reduction of the body weight of today's Siberian tigers may be explained by concurrent causes, namely the reduced abundance of prey because of

2299:

Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825–1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de

1147:. Predation by tigers on denned brown bears was not detected during a study carried between 1993 and 2002. Ussuri brown bears, along with the smaller black bears constitute 2.1% of the Siberian tiger's annual diet, of which 1.4% are brown bears. 1306:. Poaching of tigers and their wild prey species is considered to be driving the decline, although heavy snows in the winter of 2009 could have biased the data. In northern China’s Huang Ni He National Nature Reserve, poachers set up foremost 273:

in the Russian Far East. In 2005, there were 331–393 adult and subadult Siberian tigers in this region, with a breeding adult population of about 250 individuals. The population had been stable for more than a decade because of intensive

2851: 1369:

In August 2010, China and Russia agreed to enhance conservation and cooperation in protected areas in a transboundary area for Amur tigers. China has undertaken a series of public awareness campaigns including celebration of the first

875:

located in the vicinity of the international borders with Russia and North Korea. Camera-trap surveys carried out in the spring seasons of 2013 and 2014 revealed between 27 and 34 tigers along the China-Russian border. In April 2014,

1420:

Inspired by findings that the Amur tiger is the closest relative of the Caspian tiger, there has been discussion whether the Amur tiger could be an appropriate subspecies for reintroduction into a safe place in Central Asia. The

1354:

mortality patterns and their relation with other inhabitants of the ecosystem, including humans is studied. These data compilations will hopefully contribute toward minimizing poaching threats because of traditional hunting. The

1171:

is not specifically studied. Numerous publications on these species there are mainly episodic and survey data on this issue are collected by different authors in selected areas which do not give a complete picture of the nature.

2042:

Xiao, W.; Feng, L.; Mou, P.; Miquelle, D. G.; Hebblewhite, M.; Goldberg, J. F.; Robinson, H. S.; Zhao, X.; Zhou, B.; Wang, T. & Ge, J. (2016). "Estimating abundance and density of Amur tigers along the Sino–Russian border".

544:

Samples of 95 wild Amur tigers were collected throughout their native range to investigate questions relative to population genetic structure and demographic history. Additionally, targeted individuals from the North American

3166:

Wang, T.; Feng, L.; Mou, P.; Wu, J.; Smith, J. L.; Xiao, W.; Yang, H.; Dou, H.; Zhao, X.; Cheng, Y. & Zhou, B. (2016). "Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan".

502:

makeup of the Siberian tiger and its relationship to other populations. One of the most important outcomes has been the discovery of low genetic variability in the wild population, especially when it comes to maternal or

1310:, but there is not sufficient personnel to patrol this 75 km (29 sq mi) area throughout the year. In Hunchun National Nature Reserve, poaching of ungulate species impedes recovery of the tiger population. 511:

almost completely dominates the maternal lineages of wild Siberian tigers. On the other hand, captive tigers appear to show higher mtDNA diversity. This may suggest that the subspecies has experienced a very recent

1345:

and countries with consumer markets have banned domestic trade as well. At the 14th Conference of the Parties to CITES in 2007, stronger enforcement measures were called for, as well as an end to tiger farming.

600:

The tiger is reddish-rusty, or rusty-yellow in colour, with narrow black transverse stripes. The body length is not less than 150 cm (59 in), condylobasal length of skull 250 mm (9.8 in),

4527: 3637: 1066:

was collected along the international border between Russia and China between November 2014 and April 2015; 115 scat samples of nine tigers contained foremost remains of wild boar, sika deer and roe deer.

203: 4820: 537:

less than 10,000 years ago via the Gansu−Silk Road region from eastern China, and subsequently traversed eastward to establish the Siberian tiger population in the Russian Far East. The events of the

1159:, 44 direct confrontations between bears and tigers were observed, in which bears in general were killed in 22 cases, and tigers in 12 cases. There are reports of brown bears specifically targeting 1243: 1513:

This makes China home to the second largest captive tiger population in the world, after the U.S., which in 2005 had an estimated 4,692 captive tigers. In a census conducted by the U.S.-based

4544: 774:

The Siberian tiger once inhabited much of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria and other parts of north-eastern China, the eastern part of Siberia and the Russian Far East, perhaps as far west as

694:

had a maximum length of 297.0 to 365.8 mm (11.69 to 14.40 in), while that of females measured 195.7 to 255.5 mm (7.70 to 10.06 in). A tiger killed on the Sumbar River in

3325: 4856: 4210: 884:

dispersed westwards between 2003 and 2016. Camera trap surveys between 2013 and 2018 revealed about 55 Siberian tigers in four forested landscapes in northeastern China: Laoyeling,

566:. Overall, their results indicate the need to secure ecological connectivity between the two Russian populations to minimize loss of genetic diversity and overall susceptibility to 3372:

Yang, H.; Zhao, X.; Han, B.; Wang, T.; Mou, P.; Ge, J. & Feng, L. (2018). "Spatiotemporal patterns of Amur leopards in northeast China: Influence of tigers, prey, and humans".

2442:

Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C. (2015).

1164:

the tiger. A report from 1973 describes twelve known cases of brown bears killing tigers, including adult males; in all cases the tigers were subsequently eaten by the bears.

2555:

Russello, M. A.; Gladyshev, E.; Miquelle, D. & Caccone, A. (2005). "Potential genetic consequences of a recent bottleneck in the Siberian tiger of the Russian Far East".

1283:

The average lifespan for Siberian tigers ranges from 16–18 years. Wild individuals tend to live between 10–15 years, while in captivity individuals may live up to 25 years.

554:

This disparity in signal may be due to several reasons, including historical paucity in population genetic variation associated with postglacial colonisation and potential

1202:) and occasionally kill and eat them. Eurasian lynx remains have been found in the stomach contents of Siberian tigers in Russia. In March 2014, a dead lynx discovered in 4232: 2825:

Slaght, J. C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Nikolaev, I. G.; Goodrich, J. M.; Smirnov, E. N.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Christie, S.; Arjanova, T.; Smith, J. L. D.; Karanth, K. U. (2005).

1582:

usually the result of botched attempts at capturing them. In December 1997, an injured Amur tiger attacked, killed and consumed two people. Both attacks occurred in the

1143:

When Amur tigers prey on brown bears, they usually target young and sub-adult bears, besides small female adults taken outside their dens, generally when lethargic from

293:

from Caspian tigers and living tiger populations indicate that the common ancestor of the Siberian and Caspian tigers colonized Central Asia from eastern China, via the

3649: 3496: 1897: 558:

from an extirpated Chinese population. The extent and distribution of genetic variation in captive and wild populations were similar, yet gene variants persisted

3527:"Глава 19. Взаимоотношения амурского тигра с бурым и гималайским медведями [Chapter 19. Relationship of Amur tigers with brown and Himalayan black bear]" 305:

eastward to establish the Siberian tiger population in the Russian Far East. The Caspian and Siberian tiger populations were the northernmost in mainland Asia.

2827:"Chapter 6. Who's king of the beasts? Historical and contemporary data on the body weight of wild and captive Amur tigers in comparison with other subspecies" 2593: 4907:"Mammals collected in the Maritime Province of Siberia by the Morden-Graves North Asiatic Expedition: with the description of a new hare from the Amur River" 2017: 1863: 2280:

Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

3989:

Gurumurthy, S.; Yu, L.; Zhang, C.; Jin, Y.; Li, W.; Zhang, X.; Fang, F. (2018). "Exploiting Data and Human Knowledge for Predicting Wildlife Poaching".

2974: 5002: 4450: 4188: 3359:

Siberian Tiger Project: Long-Term Research, Training, and Tiger-Human Conflict Mitigation in the Russian Far East. Final Report to 21st Century Tiger

3211: 4548: 4282: 2748:

Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O’Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J. (2018).

541:

may have been the critical factor in the reciprocal isolation of Caspian and Siberian tigers from what was likely a single contiguous population.

2850:

Kerley, L.; Goodrich, J.; Smirnov, E.; Miquelle, D.; Nikolaev, I; Arjanova, T.; Slaght, J.; Schleyer, B.; Kuigli, H. & Hornocker, M. (2005).

900:, urine and hair was used to genetically identify 30 tigers in this region. However, only Laoyeling is thought to support a breeding population. 5010: 4800: 4250: 3670: 916:

Siberian tigers are known to travel up to 1,000 km (620 mi) over ecologically unbroken country. In 1992 and 1993, the maximum total

5300: 5216: 3959: 3571:

The Ecology of the Amur Tiger based on Long-Term Winter Observations in 1970–1973 in the Western Sector of the Central Sikhote-Alin Mountains

4864: 4205: 3872: 3759: 516:

caused by human pressure, with the founders of the captive population having been captured when genetic variability was higher in the wild.

4163:

Asian big cat conservation and trade control in selected range States: evaluating implementation and effectiveness of CITES Recommendations

3688:

Goodrich, J. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Smirnov, E. N.; Miquelle, D. G.; McDonald, L.; Quigley, H. B.; Hornocker, M. G. & McDonald, T. (2008).

1652: 671:

The skull of the Siberian tiger is characterized by its large size. The facial region is very powerful and very broad in the region of the

4413: 3333: 358:

in 1844 were tiger skins with long hairs and dense coats sold in Japan, which originated in Korea, most likely from animals killed in the

3815: 4343: 1458:, which was once an important prey, is under consideration. The Ili delta is therefore considered as a suitable site for introduction. 1264:

on trees. She will spend 5 or 6 days with the male, during which she is receptive for three days. Gestation lasts from 3 to 3½ months.

817:, which crosses into Russia from China at several places in southwest Primorye. This region represents a merger zone of the East Asian 3151:

Wang, T.M.; Yang, H.T.; Xiao, W.H.; Feng, L.M.; Mou, P. & Ge, J.P. (2014). "Camera traps reveal Amur tiger breeding in NE China".

860:

are associated with the conifer forests and are near the southern limits of their distribution in the central Sikhote-Alin mountains.

963: 3458:

Miller, C. S.; Hebblewhite, M.; Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; DeCesare, N. J.; Goodrich, J. M. & Miquelle, D. G. (2013).

1924:

Goodrich, J.; Wibisono, H.; Miquelle, D.; Lynam, A.J.; Sanderson, E.; Chapman, S.; Gray, T.N.E.; Chanchani, P.; Harihar, A. (2022).

5305: 5138: 4797: 4042:"Relationships between humans and ungulate prey shape Amur tiger occurrence in a core protected area along the Sino-Russian border" 3934: 3495:

Seryodkin, I. V.; Kostyria, A. V.; Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Kerley, L. L. & Hornocker, M. G. (2003).

5177: 4839: 3645: 3525:

Seryodkin, I. V.; Goodrich, J. M.; Kostyrya, A. V.; Schleyer, B. O.; Smirnov, E. N.; Kerley, L. L. & Miquelle, D. G. (2005).

4817: 4508: 1273:

ranges. Males, on the other hand, travel unaccompanied and range farther earlier in their lives, making them more vulnerable to

1079:

winter they killed more large-bodied prey, made kills every 5.7 days and consumed a daily average of 10.3 kg (23 lb).

609:

tooth over 26 mm (1.0 in) long. It has an extended supple body standing on rather short legs with a fairly long tail.

5285: 4227: 4166: 2155: 1566:, tigers reportedly attacked woodsmen and coachmen, and occasionally entered cabins and dragged out both adults and children. 5208: 3855: 3798: 3566: 2954: 2919: 2809: 2423: 2391: 5182: 3087:

Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999).

758: 3229:

Ning, Y.; Kostyria, A.V.; Ma, J.; Chayka, M.I.; Guskov, V.Y.; Qi, J.; Sheremetyeva, I.N.; Wang, M. & Jiang, G. (2019).

1864:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" 954: 818: 4472: 4317: 1253:

Three orphaned Siberian tigers rescued after their mothers were killed by poachers are released back to the wild in Russia

466:

In 2017, the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes all the tiger populations in mainland Asia as

2087:"Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger" 1415: 3723:"Tigers and Wolves in the Russian Far East: Competitive Exclusion, Functional Redundancy, and Conservation Implications" 5310: 3573:. Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far-Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Archived from 1668: 1631:

were attacked and killed in 2010. In January 2011, a tiger attacked and killed a tour bus driver at a breeding park in

1616:

subsequently erected a taller barrier topped by an electric fence. One of the victims admitted to taunting the animal.

5020: 1095: 825:, resulting in a mosaic of forest types that vary in elevation and topography. Key habitats of the Siberian tiger are 5090: 4994: 4940: 4574: 4016: 3903: 3742: 570:

events, and support a previous study suggesting that the captive population may be a reservoir of gene variants lost

3721:

Miquelle, D. G.; Stephens, P. A.; Smirnov, E. N.; Goodrich, J. M.; Zaumyslova, O. J. & Myslenkov, A. E. (2005).

2085:

Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; Macdonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J. (2009).

5290: 1605:. He served two years in prison. After being released from prison, he worked in clearing the forest of old snares. 1277:

and other tigers. A Siberian tiger family comprising an adult male, a female and three cubs were recorded in 2015.

920:

of the Sikhote-Alin tiger population was estimated at 0.62 tigers in 100 km (39 sq mi). The maximum

577:

In 2013, the whole genome of the Siberian tiger was sequenced and published. Tigers in mainland Asia fall into two

5221: 4906: 3545: 3417:"Prey selection of Amur tigers in relation to the spatiotemporal overlap with prey across the Sino–Russian border" 4207:

Siberian Tiger Project: Long-Term Research, Training, and Tiger-Human Conflict Mitigation in the Russian Far East

2557: 1690:

considered the Siberian tiger as Hu Lin, the king. Since the tiger has a mark on its foreheads that looks like a

1608: 1319: 1226:

A tiger at the Rehabilitation and Reintroduction Center for Amur (Siberian) Tigers in the village of Alekseevka,

872: 690:

Female skulls range from 279.7 to 310.2 mm (11.01 to 12.21 in). The skulls of male Caspian tigers from

550: 4126:

Jo, Y. S. & Baccus, J. T. (2016). "Are large cats compatible with modern society on the Korean Peninsula?".

4089:

Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G. (2010).

1514: 1493:, Russia, provided the herbivore population has reached a size warranting the introduction of large predators. 524: 373: 347:

in 1758 for the tiger. In the 19th century, several tiger specimens were collected in East Asia and described:

4985: 4983:

Amur Leopard and Tiger Alliance (ALTA) – Conserving Amur leopards and tigers in the Russian Far East and China

3231:"Dispersal of Amur tiger from spatial distribution and genetics within the eastern Changbai mountain of China" 4447:

Taming the tiger trade: China's markets for wild and captive tiger products since the 1993 domestic trade ban

1994: 1695: 4929:"Sacred Places and Masters of Hunting Luck in the Forest Worlds of the Udege People of the Russian Far East" 4445: 1637: 4977: 4183: 3037:

Cooper, D. M.; Dugmore, A. J.; Gittings, B. M.; Scharf, A. K.; Wilting, A. & Kitchener, A. C. (2016).

1268:

size is normally two or four cubs but there can be as many as six. The cubs are born blind in a sheltered

5203: 5164: 4524: 3690:"Survival rates and causes of mortality of Amur tigers on and near the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik" 2319:

Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe

1812: 1156: 926: 632: 3550:(PhD) (in Russian). Vladivostok, Russia: Far Eastern National University. pp. 1–252. Archived from 871:

In August 2012, a Siberian tiger with four cubs was recorded for the first time in northeastern China's

844:, and wild boar being the most common throughout the Sikhote-Alin mountains but rare in higher altitude 711: 549:

population were sampled to assess the genetic representation found in captivity. Population genetic and

5280: 5035: 4289: 1521: 1280:

At 35 months of age, tigers are sub-adults. Males reach sexual maturity at the age of 48 to 60 months.

1220: 1107:

Following a decrease of ungulate populations from 1944 to 1959, 32 cases of Amur tigers attacking both

877: 5275: 2623:

Henry, P.; Miquelle, D.; Sugimoto, T.; McCullough, D. R.; Caccone, A. & Russello, M. A. (2009). "

2226: 1972: 1891:

A survey of tigers and leopards and prey resources in the Paektusan area, North Korea, in winter 1998

1819: 1805: 1326: 58: 46: 4762: 4257: 3112:

in the Russian Far East: the role of protected areas and landscape matrix in population persistence"

2295:"Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent" 1948: 5295: 4887: 4505: 3615: 2237:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 95–202. 1325:

The Siberian tiger was once common in the Korean Peninsula. It was eradicated during the period of

814: 3967: 2870: 2271: 1520:

In 1986, the Chinese government established the world's largest Siberian tiger breeding base, the

946:), but in the Changbai Mountains have been recorded more often in lower elevations than leopards. 5015: 3767: 3614:

Seryodkin, I. V.; Goodrich, J. M.; Kostyria, A. V.; Smirnov, E. N. & Miquelle, D. G. (2011).

832:

The faunal complex of the region is represented by a mixture of Asian and boreal life forms. The

355: 5104: 3991:

Compass '18. Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies

3596: 5052: 4420: 4040:

Xiao, W.; Hebblewhite, M.; Robinson, H.; Feng, L.; Zhou, B.; Mou, P.; Wang, T.; Ge, J. (2018).

1736: 1648: 1446: 880:

personnel captured a video of a tigress with cubs in inland China. The tiger population in the

857: 801:

Today, its range stretches south to north for almost 1,000 km (620 mi) the length of

245: 181: 4928: 3891: 3722: 2337: 2314: 1678:

considered the tiger a near-deity and often referred to it as "Grandfather" or "Old man". The

864:

Sikhote Alin mountain region. An unknown number of tigers survive in the reserve areas around

4569:

Vaillant, J. (2010) The Tiger: A True Story of Vengeance and Survival. Knopf Canada, Toronto

4251:

Pre-Feasibility Study on the Possible Restoration of the Caspian Tiger in the Amu Darya Delta

3642:Биоразнообразие и роль животных в экосистемах: Материалы IV Международной научной конференции 3524: 3494: 2408: 2379: 1860: 1660: 1506: 1411: 1203: 765: 538: 513: 424: 275: 4489: 4347: 3613: 2294: 5247: 5195: 5125: 5099: 3381: 3298: 3242: 3176: 3123: 3086: 3054: 3038: 2900: 2761: 2750:"Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers" 2696: 2640: 2455: 2444:"Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation" 2098: 1721:

The Siberian tiger is used in heraldic symbols throughout the area where it is indigenous.

1087: 520: 402: 397: 2824: 1470:. Nevertheless, the project has its defenders, and Iran has successfully reintroduced the 8: 5028: 3687: 3616:"Intraspecific relationships between brown bears, Asiatic black bears and the Amur tiger" 2885: 2598: 1838: 1261: 885: 3547:

The ecology, behavior, management and conservation status of brown bears in Sikhote-Alin

3385: 3302: 3246: 3180: 3127: 3058: 2949:] (Nachdruck der 3. Auflage 2004 ed.). Hohenwarsleben: Westarp Wissenschaften. 2765: 2700: 2644: 2459: 2102: 1358:

has been productive in increasing local capacity to address human-tiger conflict with a

1291:

Results of genetic analysis of 95 wild Siberian tiger samples from Russia revealed that

4718: 4674: 4630: 4143: 4066: 4041: 4022: 3994: 3428: 3397: 3265: 3230: 3192: 3036: 3002: 2725: 2684: 2664: 2574: 2476: 2443: 2180: 2121: 2086: 1833: 1768: 1663:

in the 1830s. The name 'Amur tiger' was used in 1933 for Siberian tigers killed by the

1602: 1274: 1031: 983: 917: 881: 853: 845: 654:

The Siberian tiger is often considered to be the largest tiger. A wild male, killed in

482:

Phylogenetic relationship of tiger populations Note the close relationship between the

419: 53: 4836: 3921:

The Way of the Tiger : natural history and conservation of the endangered big cat

2938: 2532: 2501: 2151: 1925: 1132:

and in self-defense. Tigers mainly feed on the bear's fat deposits, such as the back,

5242: 5112: 4936: 4570: 4394: 4375: 4071: 4012: 3899: 3851: 3794: 3738: 3706: 3689: 3464:) kill rates and potential consumption rates using global positioning system collars" 3270: 3136: 3107: 2950: 2915: 2805: 2779: 2730: 2656: 2652: 2537: 2481: 2419: 2387: 2126: 2084: 2060: 1761: 1751: 1691: 1612: 1292: 1116: 1108: 1007: 991: 975: 893: 841: 837: 791: 504: 444: 440: 413:. Therefore, it was proposed to recognize only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely 369: 290: 5029:

The Amur Tiger Programme : Two Adult Tigers Tagged in the Ussuri Nature Reserve

4161: 4147: 4026: 3401: 3196: 3006: 2668: 2578: 1964: 1260:

Siberian tigers mate at any time of the year. A female signals her receptiveness by

409:

between populations in those regions is considered to have been possible during the

5117: 4888:"Distribution of the species comprised in the most numerous families of quadrupeds" 4384: 4135: 4106: 4061: 4053: 4004: 3873:"Siberian Tiger Family Caught On Film — Adult Female, Adult Male, & Three Cubs" 3730: 3701: 3475: 3438: 3389: 3306: 3260: 3250: 3212:"Siberian tiger video suggests species is returning to China, conservationists say" 3184: 3131: 3062: 2994: 2769: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2648: 2566: 2527: 2517: 2471: 2463: 2170: 2116: 2106: 2052: 1943: 1675: 1541: 1482: 1475: 1338: 1124: 826: 783: 478: 262: 250: 20: 4283:

Feasibility Study on the Possible Restoration of the Caspian Tiger in Central Asia

3574: 2826: 2622: 2498: 1714:), or a similar character meaning "Great Emperor", it is revered by the Udege and 1385: 5270: 5229: 4989: 4843: 4824: 4804: 4531: 4512: 4476: 4454: 4236: 4214: 4192: 4170: 3844: 3393: 3310: 3021: 2522: 2111: 1501: 1462: 1265: 1071: 865: 806: 648: 359: 340: 254: 164: 3497:"Denning ecology of brown bears and Asiatic black bears in the Russian Far East" 328: 4467: 4321: 3089:"Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" 2998: 1923: 1788: 1715: 1563: 1490: 1486: 1471: 1407: 1227: 1168: 802: 716: 680: 602: 460: 386:

proposed by Charles Dode in 1871 was based on tiger skins from the Amur region.

286: 270: 4740: 4696: 4652: 4608: 4586: 3993:. Menlo Park and San Jose: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–8. 3188: 2774: 2749: 2685:"The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes" 2570: 1593:

In January 2002, a man was attacked by a tiger on a remote mountain road near

868:, on the border between China and North Korea, based on tracks and sightings. 594: 5264: 5190: 4248: 2849: 1934: 1778: 1756: 1746: 1583: 1455: 1450: 1442: 1195: 1070:

Between January 1992 and November 1994, 11 tigers were captured, fitted with

659: 529: 483: 436: 344: 282: 5169: 4389: 4370: 4111: 4090: 4008: 3480: 3459: 2235:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

2056: 908: 5075: 4398: 4318:"Russia, Iran exchange tigers for leopards but some experts express doubts" 4075: 4039: 3734: 3274: 2783: 2734: 2660: 2541: 2485: 2467: 2130: 2064: 1828: 1741: 1679: 1632: 1553: 1184: 1160: 939: 795: 672: 623: 534: 317: 266: 5234: 4784: 3326:"Population dynamics of the Amur tiger in Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik, Russia" 2315:"Revision der zur natürlichen Familie der Katzen (Feles) gehörigen Formen" 5151: 5084: 3725:. In Ray, J. C.; Redford, K. H.; Steneck, R. S. & Berger, J. (eds.). 3625:. International Association for Bear Research and Management. p. 64. 1783: 1731: 1683: 1481:

In 2005, re-introduction was planned as part of the rewilding project at

1390: 1342: 1144: 779: 589: 452: 410: 258: 140: 37: 4968: 4959: 4139: 3415:

Dou, H.; Yang, H.; Smith, J.L.; Feng, L.; Wang, T. & Ge, J. (2019).

3228: 3150: 1636:

2020, a female tiger attacked and killed a 55-year-old zookeeper at the

631:

and that the individuals were usually sick or injured and captured in a

5143: 3791:

Wildlife Science: Linking Ecological Theory and Management Applications

3551: 3332:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–70. Archived from 2708: 2418:(Second ed.). London, Burlington: Academic Press. pp. 53–84. 2184: 1888: 1773: 1517:, 2,884 tigers were documented as residing in 468 American facilities. 1307: 1100: 1039: 931: 810: 606: 567: 456: 309: 241: 120: 5156: 4545:"Devils in the Darkness: The Korean Gray Wolf was a terror for miners" 3443: 3416: 3255: 3067: 2716: 2282:(decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 41. 1700: 1532: 1433:

Comparison of the distribution of all tiger subspecies (1900 vs. 1990)

1429: 4894:. Vol. 1. London: Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper. pp. 85–94. 3356: 2914:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 55–64. 1559: 1438: 1422: 1152: 1023: 1015: 889: 849: 695: 691: 655: 555: 533:

suggested that the ancestor of Caspian and Siberian tigers colonized

508: 428: 406: 313: 298: 110: 70: 5046: 4057: 3988: 3457: 2441: 2175: 2018:"Sex imbalance as endangered Siberian tigers show signs of recovery" 1269: 5069: 4982: 3999: 3960:"Amur Tiger Factfile - Panthera tigris altaica - ALTA Conservation" 3529:. In Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N. & Goodrich, J. M. (eds.). 3433: 3287: 3088: 2979:(Temminck, 1844), with a remark on Temminck's mammal volume of the 1628: 1624: 1303: 971: 852:

are restricted to the southern half of the Sikhote-Alin mountains.

833: 787: 775: 628: 499: 150: 90: 3414: 3330:

Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes

3093:

Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes

3023:

Jungle trails in northern India: reminiscences of hunting in India

2384:

Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes

2380:"Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" 2365:

Nutzbare Tiere Ostasiens. Pelz- und Jagdtiere, Haustiere, Seetiere

4249:

Jungius, H.; Chikin, Y.; Tsaruk, O. & Pereladova, O. (2009).

1594: 1394: 959: 684: 320:

tiger", depending on the region where individuals were observed.

302: 130: 19:"Amur tiger" redirects here. For the leopard cat subspecies, see 5130: 3019: 2854:. In Miquelle, D.G.; Smirnov, E.N. & Goodrich, J.M. (eds.). 2683:

Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P. (2013).

2554: 3720: 3623:

20th International Conference on Bear Research & Management

3371: 3328:. In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P. (eds.). 3091:. In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P. (eds.). 2413:

Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of

1705: 1687: 1569: 1467: 1059: 1051: 782:, where the Caspian tiger also reportedly occurred. During the 700: 100: 80: 2297:. In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eds.). 703:, which measured 413 mm (16.25 in) "over the bone". 4525:"Russia to donate three rare Siberian tigers to South Korea." 4088: 3788: 3564: 3165: 2224: 1620: 1598: 1590:

investigated both deaths, tracked down and killed the tiger.

1574: 1137: 1063: 999: 897: 822: 676: 578: 294: 238: 4344:"Iran, world, political, sport, economic news and headlines" 2886:"Two long-term resident tigers in the Ussuri Nature Reserve" 3638:"Роль бурого медведя в экосистемах Дальнего Востока России" 3531:

Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation

3039:"Predicted Pleistocene–Holocene range shifts of the tiger ( 2856:

Tigers in Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation

2834:

Tigers in Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: Ecology and Conservation

2015: 1664: 1376:

International Forum on Tiger Conservation and Tiger Culture

1296: 1176: 1133: 1128: 1055: 1047: 498:

Several reports have been published since the 1990s on the

281:

The Siberian tiger is genetically close to the now-extinct

3898:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 343–371. 3816:"Battle of the big cats sees tiger hunt and devour a lynx" 2832:. In D. G. Miquelle; E. N. Smirnov; J.M. Goodrich (eds.). 2406: 2382:. In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.). 1461:

In 2010, Russia exchanged two captive Siberian tigers for

3935:"About the Siberian tiger - Russian Geographical Society" 3533:(in Russian). Vladivostok, Russia: PSP. pp. 156–163. 2409:"What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" 1889:

Rak, K. C.; Miquelle, D. G. & Pikunov, D. G. (1998).

1437:

A second possible introduction site in Kazakhstan is the

3889: 3841: 2883: 2594:"Rare Siberian tigers face potential genetic bottleneck" 2231:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

1082: 5016:

Amur.org.uk: Preserving leopards and tigers in the wild

4506:"S Korea to Welcome Three Siberian Tigers from Russia." 3357:

Miquelle, D.; Goodrich, J. & Seryodkin, I. (2008).

3105: 2852:"Chapter 7. Morphological indicators of the Amur tiger" 2836:(in Russian). Vladivostok, Russia: PSP. pp. 25–35. 519:

At the start of the 21st century, researchers from the

5011:

Wildlife Conservation Society's Siberian Tiger Project

2858:(in Russian). Vladivostok, Russia: PSP. pp. 1–15. 2747: 4371:"Pleistocene Park: Return of the Mammoth's Ecosystem" 3727:

Large Carnivores and the Conservation of Biodiversity

2912:

Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

2898: 1995:"Happy tigers: Siberian population continues to grow" 605:

width 180 mm (7.1 in), and length of upper

372:

in 1868 was based on a long-haired tiger skin in the

4818:"Siberian tiger attacks, kills bus driver in China." 4787:. The Associated Press, 17 January 2008. 2008-01-18. 4311: 4309: 1295:

is low, only 27–35 individuals contributed to their

4547:. English.ohmynews.com, 23 May 2007. Archived from 3567:"Hunting Behavior and Success of the Tigers' Hunts" 3289:meta-population of Amur tigers in Northeast Asia". 2041: 647:weighed 206 kg (454 lb), and the largest 4239:. Global Tiger Initiative Secretariat, Washington. 3843: 3813: 3082: 3080: 3078: 2251:Loukashkin, A. S. (1938). "The Manchurian Tiger". 829:forests with a complex composition and structure. 392:by Emil Brass in 1904 was a tiger skin from Korea. 4785:"Tiger attack victim admits taunting, police say" 4306: 4204:Miquelle, D., Goodrich, J., Seryodkin, I. (2008) 3671:"Brown Bear predation of Amur Tiger 1973 account" 3095:. UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–99. 3013: 2892: 2437: 2435: 2250: 405:, tigers from different regions vary little, and 5262: 4315: 3635: 3020:Hewett, J. P. & Hewett Atkinson, L. (1938). 2845: 2843: 2502:"Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers ( 2312: 1659:The English name 'Siberian tiger' was coined by 1167:The relationship between the Amur tiger and the 1099:Taxidermy exhibit portraying a tiger fighting a 4892:Researches into the Physical History of Mankind 4182:Nowell, K., Bauer, H., Breitenmoser, U. (2007) 4095:) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia" 3594: 3323: 3075: 2350:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2292: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 1949:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15955A214862019.en 1884: 1882: 1880: 1862:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). 1046:). Siberian tigers also take smaller prey like 4885: 4091:"Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( 2631:representation of the endangered Amur tiger". 2432: 2386:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–39. 2225:Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 1380:China 2010 Hunchun Amur Tiger Culture Festival 1210: 912:A Siberian tiger photographed by a camera trap 836:complex is represented by seven species, with 447:, Siberian and Caspian tiger populations; and 4904: 3789:Fulbright, T. E. & Hewitt, D. G. (2007). 3565:Yudakov, A. G. & Nikolaev, I. G. (2004). 3543: 3537: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3352: 3350: 3324:Smirnov, E. N. & Miquelle, D. G. (1999). 2840: 2799: 2400: 2371: 2246: 2244: 1653:Heraldic arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast 5003:National Geographic Animals: Siberian Tiger 4368: 3842:Matthiessen, P. & Hornocker, M. (2001). 2968: 2966: 2933: 2931: 2818: 2269: 1877: 1302:The winter of 2006–2007 was marked by heavy 925:reproductive output in the core area of the 798:basin, before humans interrupted gene flow. 4969:IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group : Amur ( 4933:Landscape & Culture in Northern Eurasia 4837:"Tiger kills zookeeper during feeding time" 4280: 3918: 3760:"'Putin's Tigers' are Thriving in the Wild" 3365: 3317: 3209: 2681: 2411:. In Tilson, R. & Nyhus, P. J. (eds.). 2191: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 734: 5033: 4857:"Siberian tiger kills zookeeper in Zurich" 4438: 3757: 3511: 3347: 3108:"Spatial viability analysis of Amur tiger 2868: 2618: 2616: 2407:Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2010). 2241: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2037: 2035: 1962: 301:corridor, and then subsequently traversed 202: 36: 4791: 4411: 4388: 4242: 4110: 4065: 3998: 3705: 3479: 3442: 3432: 3264: 3254: 3135: 3066: 2972: 2963: 2937: 2928: 2773: 2724: 2531: 2521: 2475: 2377: 2362: 2174: 2150: 2120: 2110: 1992: 1947: 1558:The Siberian tiger very rarely becomes a 1341:, banning international trade. All tiger 964:Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 4542: 4125: 3890:Sunquist, M. & Sunquist, F. (2002). 3870: 2335: 2137: 1647: 1568: 1531: 1500: 1428: 1384: 1262:leaving urine deposits and scratch marks 1094: 1091:Siberian tiger. Frame from a camera trap 1086: 953: 907: 710: 651:male weighed 212 kg (467 lb). 638:Measurements taken by scientists of the 588: 477: 327: 4229:Global Tiger Recovery Program 2010–2022 4173:. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 3646:Oles Honchar Dnipro National University 3488: 3361:. Bronx: Wildlife Conservation Society. 3106:Carroll, C. & Miquelle, D. (2006). 2613: 2071: 2032: 1965:"Russia Announce Tiger Census Results!" 1856: 1854: 903: 507:lineages. It seems that a single mtDNA 5263: 5021:USDA Information Resources on Tigers, 4960:IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group: Tiger ( 4935:. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. 4926: 4457:. TRAFFIC East Asia, Hong Kong, China. 4220: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3026:. London: Metheun and Company Limited. 2975:"Notes on Siberian long-haired tiger, 2795: 2793: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1194:Siberian tigers also compete with the 5051: 5050: 4469:Less than 3,000 Pet Tigers in America 2899:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). 2591: 1586:valley. The anti-poaching task force 1083:Interspecific predatory relationships 5301:Siberian Tiger Re-population Project 4633:. News.sina.com.cn. 13 February 2002 4414:"Mammoth Steppes and Future Climate" 4288:(Report). WWF Russia. Archived from 4256:(Report). WWF Russia. Archived from 2016:The Siberian Times reporter (2015). 1851: 1527: 1445:. The delta is situated between the 819:temperate broadleaf and mixed forest 794:population through corridors in the 308:The Siberian tiger was also called " 265:, but currently inhabits mainly the 4419:. Science in Russia. Archived from 3826: 2790: 1935:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1912: 1505:A tigress with cub in captivity in 1416:Siberian Tiger Introduction Project 1362:, part of the Russian government's 949: 938:Siberian tigers share habitat with 13: 4741:"走遍中国2009年06月20日C:寻踪东北虎系列之人虎情仇(下)" 4697:"走遍中国2009年06月20日B:寻踪东北虎系列之人虎情仇(下)" 4653:"走遍中国2009年06月20日A:寻踪东北虎系列之人虎情仇(下)" 4609:"走遍中国2009年06月19日C:寻踪东北虎系列之人虎情仇(上)" 4587:"走遍中国2009年06月19日A:寻踪东北虎系列之人虎情仇(上)" 3648:. pp. 502–503. Archived from 1669:American Museum of Natural History 1207:competitor than on catching prey. 970:Prey species of the tiger include 584: 16:Tiger population in Northeast Asia 14: 5322: 4953: 4827:Associated Press, 5 January 2011. 4226:Global Tiger Initiative. (2011). 3923:. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. 2884:The Amur Tiger Programme (2014). 1577:scroll from the late 18th century 1401: 1030:), and even sometimes small size 966:shows a tiger chasing a sika deer 790:, it was likely connected to the 528:subspecies. They re-assessed the 5036:"Amur tigers on 'genetic brink'" 4920: 4898: 4879: 4849: 4830: 3707:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00458.x 3137:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01237.x 2653:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04266.x 1237: 1219: 757: 743: 261:. It once ranged throughout the 57: 5306:National symbols of South Korea 4810: 4777: 4755: 4733: 4711: 4689: 4667: 4645: 4623: 4601: 4579: 4563: 4536: 4517: 4504:People's Daily, 21 April 2011. 4498: 4494:(in Chinese). SINA Corporation. 4482: 4479:. Wildlife Times 5 (37): 12–13. 4460: 4405: 4362: 4336: 4274: 4217:. Wildlife Conservation Society 4198: 4176: 4154: 4119: 4082: 4033: 3982: 3952: 3927: 3912: 3883: 3864: 3807: 3782: 3751: 3714: 3681: 3675:International Wildlife Magazine 3663: 3629: 3607: 3588: 3558: 3451: 3408: 3281: 3222: 3216:Guardian News and Media Limited 3203: 3159: 3144: 3099: 3030: 2877: 2862: 2741: 2675: 2585: 2548: 2492: 2356: 2329: 2306: 2286: 2263: 1667:River for an exhibition in the 1496: 1332: 1320:dissolution of the Soviet Union 873:Hunchun National Nature Reserve 706: 679:prominences, especially in the 4798:Siberian tiger kills zookeeper 4320:. Payvand News. Archived from 3603:. New York: North Point Press. 2009: 1986: 1956: 1710: 1699: 1515:Feline Conservation Federation 1441:delta at the southern edge of 1313: 750:Sikhote-Alin in Primorsky Krai 525:U.S. National Cancer Institute 374:Natural History Museum, Vienna 1: 5286:Fauna of the Russian Far East 4863:. 4 July 2020. Archived from 4846:The Local, 20 September 2013. 1844: 1643: 1573:A tiger family depicted in a 980:Cervus canadensis xanthopygus 316:tiger", "Korean tiger", and " 269:mountain region in southwest 222: Range in the late 1800s 4995:World Wide Fund for Nature: 4466:Wildlife Watch Group (2011) 4444:Nowell, K., Ling, X. (2007) 3394:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.009 3311:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109250 2802:Feline Behaviour and Welfare 2523:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 2302:. Leiden: Lugduni Batavorum. 2112:10.1371/journal.pone.0004125 813:. It also occurs within the 715:A Siberian tiger cub at the 612: 473: 211:Siberian tiger distribution 7: 4807:, TRHK News, 16 August 2010 3814:Blaszczak-Boxe, A. (2016). 3047:Diversity and Distributions 1813:Panthera tigris trinilensis 1737:Mainlaind Asian populations 1724: 1623:province and the cities of 1211:Reproduction and life cycle 1157:Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve 323: 10: 5327: 4763:"From hunter to protector" 4675:"先后动了两次手术我国首次抢救重伤野生东北虎纪实" 4346:. MehrNews. Archived from 3116:Journal of Applied Ecology 2999:10.1515/mamm.1967.31.4.537 1873:(Special Issue 11): 66−68. 1551: 1522:Harbin Siberian Tiger Park 1405: 1286: 878:World Wide Fund for Nature 593:Captive Siberian tiger at 18: 5311:Mammals described in 1884 5059: 4914:American Museum Novitates 4316:Khosravifard, S. (2010). 3636:Seryodkin, I. V. (2007). 3189:10.1007/s10980-015-0278-1 2871:"The Amur tiger: Ecology" 2775:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 2627:population structure and 2571:10.1007/s10592-004-1860-2 2313:Fitzinger, L. J. (1868). 1973:Worldwide Fund for Nature 1820:Panthera tigris acutidens 1806:Panthera tigris soloensis 1545: 1327:Korea under Japanese rule 210: 201: 54:Scientific classification 52: 47:Leipzig Zoological Garden 44: 35: 30: 4523:Reuters, 22 April 2011. 4490: 3595:Matthiessen, P. (2000). 3460:"Estimating Amur tiger ( 2804:. CABI. pp. 72–77. 2293:Temminck, C. J. (1844). 1896:(Report). Archived from 1769:Sunda island populations 735:Distribution and habitat 666: 5291:Fauna of Northeast Asia 5105:Panthera_tigris_altaica 5091:Panthera tigris altaica 5061:Panthera tigris altaica 5005:Panthera tigris altaica 4931:. In Jordan, P. (ed.). 4886:Prichard, J.C. (1836). 4743:. YouTube. 20 June 2009 4699:. YouTube. 20 June 2009 4655:. YouTube. 20 June 2009 4631:"吉林"东北虎吃人"迷雾重重：老虎胃里是空的" 4611:. YouTube. 18 June 2009 4589:. YouTube. 18 June 2009 4390:10.1126/science.1113442 4112:10.1644/09-mamm-a-293.1 4093:Panthera tigris altaica 4009:10.1145/3209811.3209879 3758:Vorontsova, M. (2015). 3481:10.1644/12-mamm-a-209.1 3462:Panthera tigris altaica 3291:Biological Conservation 3110:Panthera tigris altaica 2977:Panthera tigris altaica 2500:O'Brien, S. J. (2004). 2057:10.1111/1749-4877.12210 1546:Осторожно! Тигры рядoм! 1538:Caution! Tigers nearby! 1337:Tigers are included on 1329:between 1910 and 1945. 1123:) were recorded in the 1121:U. thibetanus ussuricus 927:Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik 490:) and Siberian (ALT or 435:comprising the Bengal, 356:Coenraad Jacob Temminck 237:is a population of the 4905:Goodwin, G.G. (1933). 4719:"吉林两男子欲捕东北虎其中一人反被虎咬伤" 4128:Ecological Restoration 3896:Wild Cats of the World 3544:Seryodkin, I. (2006). 2800:Fraser, A. F. (2012). 2468:10.1126/sciadv.1400175 2378:Kitchener, A. (1999). 2367:. Neudamm: J. Neumann. 1942:: e.T15955A214862019. 1656: 1578: 1549: 1509: 1447:Saryesik-Atyrau Desert 1434: 1398: 1356:Siberian Tiger Project 1351:Siberian Tiger Project 1104: 1092: 967: 913: 809:east and south of the 719: 645:Siberian Tiger Project 640:Siberian Tiger Project 597: 495: 417:in mainland Asia, and 415:Panthera tigris tigris 390:Felis tigris coreensis 362:and Pisihan Mountains. 333: 246:Panthera tigris tigris 216: Modern-day range 45:Siberian tiger at the 4369:Zimov, S. A. (2005). 4195:. Cat News 47: 33–34. 4046:Ecology and Evolution 3850:. North Point Press. 3235:Ecology and Evolution 2689:Nature Communications 2592:Platt, J. R. (2009). 2558:Conservation Genetics 2270:Linnaeus, C. (1758). 1661:James Cowles Prichard 1651: 1572: 1535: 1507:DierenPark Amersfoort 1504: 1432: 1412:Species translocation 1406:Further information: 1388: 1204:Bastak Nature Reserve 1113:Ursus arctos lasiotus 1098: 1090: 957: 911: 815:Greater Xing'an Range 766:Bastak Nature Reserve 714: 592: 539:Industrial Revolution 481: 425:Greater Sunda Islands 352:Felis tigris altaicus 331: 4281:Jungius, H. (2010). 4099:Journal of Mammalogy 3964:Altaconservation.org 3919:Karanth, U. (2001). 3737:. pp. 179–207. 3468:Journal of Mammalogy 3210:Vaughan, A. (2014). 2020:. The Siberian Times 1803:Prehistoric tigers: 1686:call it "Amba". The 1103:, Vladivostok Museum 996:Naemorhedus caudatus 944:P. pardus orientalis 904:Ecology and behavior 521:University of Oxford 276:conservation efforts 5034:Walker, M. (2009). 4765:. Chinadaily.com.cn 4185:Cats at CITES COP14 4140:10.3368/er.34.3.173 3386:2018MamBi..92..120Y 3303:2021BCons.26109250Q 3247:2019EcoEv...9.2415N 3181:2016LaEco..31..491W 3128:2006JApEc..43.1056C 3059:2016DivDi..22.1199C 2869:WCS Russia (2015). 2766:2018CBio...28E3840L 2701:2013NatCo...4.2433C 2645:2009MolEc..18.3173H 2599:Scientific American 2460:2015SciA....1E0175W 2103:2009PLoSO...4.4125D 2045:Integrative Zoology 1963:WWF Russia (2015). 1839:Holocene extinction 1360:Tiger Response Team 1032:Asiatic black bears 988:Moschus moschiferus 886:Zhangguangcai Range 332:Siberian tiger face 4988:2017-03-18 at the 4978:21st Century Tiger 4927:Sasaki, S (2011). 4842:2020-09-15 at the 4823:2015-02-06 at the 4816:Shahid, A. (2011) 4803:2012-08-18 at the 4721:. News.sina.com.cn 4677:. News.sina.com.cn 4530:2019-10-01 at the 4511:2019-10-01 at the 4475:2020-10-03 at the 4453:2012-01-17 at the 4426:on 29 October 2013 4412:Zimov, S. (2007). 4324:on 15 October 2020 4235:2011-08-26 at the 4213:2012-04-25 at the 4191:2020-08-07 at the 4169:2020-10-03 at the 4160:Nowell, K. (2007) 3846:Tigers In The Snow 3694:Journal of Zoology 3677:. 20 October 2009. 3644:. Denpropetrovsk: 3601:Tigers in the Snow 2973:Mazák, V. (1967). 2709:10.1038/ncomms3433 2363:Brass, E. (1904). 1993:Hance, J. (2015). 1900:on 5 December 2020 1657: 1603:endangered species 1579: 1550: 1510: 1489:basin in northern 1435: 1399: 1389:Siberian Tiger at 1374:in July 2010, and 1117:Ussuri black bears 1105: 1093: 1012:Capreolus pygargus 984:Siberian musk deer 968: 918:population density 914: 882:Changbai Mountains 854:Siberian musk deer 846:spruce-fir forests 805:and into southern 720: 633:conflict situation 598: 514:genetic bottleneck 496: 334: 5281:Mammals of Russia 5258: 5257: 5243:Open Tree of Life 5053:Taxon identifiers 4543:Neff, R. (2007). 4383:(5723): 796–798. 3871:Ayre, J. (2015). 3857:978-0-86547-596-0 3800:978-0-8493-7487-6 3770:on August 7, 2020 3444:10.2981/wlb.00508 3374:Mammalian Biology 3256:10.1002/ece3.4832 3169:Landscape Ecology 3068:10.1111/ddi.12484 3053:(11): 1199–1211. 2956:978-3-89432-759-0 2921:978-2-8317-0045-8 2905:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 2811:978-1-84593-926-7 2760:(23): 3840–3849. 2639:(15): 3173–3184. 2633:Molecular Ecology 2425:978-0-08-094751-8 2393:978-0-521-64835-6 2336:Dode, C. (1871). 2253:The China Journal 2167:Mammalian Species 1762:South China tiger 1752:Indochinese tiger 1732:Tiger populations 1692:Chinese character 1613:San Francisco Zoo 1528:Attacks on humans 1293:genetic diversity 1248: 1008:Siberian roe deer 992:long-tailed goral 976:Manchurian wapiti 894:Khingan Mountains 842:Siberian roe deer 838:Manchurian wapiti 792:South China tiger 505:mitochondrial DNA 370:Leopold Fitzinger 366:Tigris longipilis 291:mitochondrial DNA 271:Primorye Province 227: 226: 182:P. t. tigris 171: 5318: 5276:Mammals of China 5251: 5250: 5238: 5237: 5225: 5224: 5212: 5211: 5199: 5198: 5186: 5185: 5173: 5172: 5160: 5159: 5147: 5146: 5134: 5133: 5121: 5120: 5108: 5107: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5048: 5047: 5043: 4947: 4946: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4911: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4853: 4847: 4834: 4828: 4814: 4808: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4583: 4577: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4540: 4534: 4521: 4515: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4486: 4480: 4464: 4458: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4392: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4218: 4202: 4196: 4180: 4174: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4069: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4002: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3966:. Archived from 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3849: 3839: 3824: 3823: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3766:. Archived from 3755: 3749: 3748: 3731:Washington, D.C. 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3620: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3522: 3509: 3508: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3436: 3421:Wildlife Biology 3412: 3406: 3405: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3268: 3258: 3241:(5): 2415–2424. 3226: 3220: 3219: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3122:(6): 1056–1068. 3103: 3097: 3096: 3084: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3017: 3011: 3010: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2909: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2847: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2777: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2535: 2525: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2479: 2448:Science Advances 2439: 2430: 2429: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2248: 2239: 2238: 2222: 2189: 2188: 2178: 2164: 2148: 2135: 2134: 2124: 2114: 2082: 2069: 2068: 2039: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1969:tigers.panda.org 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1921: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1895: 1886: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1858: 1712: 1703: 1676:Tungusic peoples 1640:in Switzerland. 1588:Inspection Tiger 1547: 1483:Pleistocene Park 1476:Caspian red deer 1463:Persian leopards 1372:Global Tiger Day 1364:Inspection Tiger 1339:CITES Appendix I 1250: 1249: 1223: 1155:research in the 1125:Russian Far East 1036:Ursus thibetanus 950:Hunting and diet 935:protected area. 784:late Pleistocene 778:and the area of 761: 747: 427:and possibly in 289:study comparing 263:Korean Peninsula 251:Russian Far East 221: 215: 206: 197: 185: 170: 168: 62: 61: 40: 28: 27: 21:Amur leopard cat 5326: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5296:Northeast China 5261: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5246: 5241: 5233: 5230:Observation.org 5228: 5220: 5215: 5207: 5202: 5194: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5168: 5163: 5155: 5150: 5142: 5137: 5129: 5124: 5116: 5111: 5103: 5098: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5055: 5023:Panthera tigris 4990:Wayback Machine 4962:Panthera tigris 4956: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4925: 4921: 4909: 4903: 4899: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4867:on July 5, 2020 4855: 4854: 4850: 4844:Wayback Machine 4835: 4831: 4825:Wayback Machine 4815: 4811: 4805:Wayback Machine 4796: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4551:on 5 March 2016 4541: 4537: 4532:Wayback Machine 4522: 4518: 4513:Wayback Machine 4503: 4499: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4477:Wayback Machine 4465: 4461: 4455:Wayback Machine 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4367: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4327: 4325: 4314: 4307: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4237:Wayback Machine 4225: 4221: 4215:Wayback Machine 4203: 4199: 4193:Wayback Machine 4181: 4177: 4171:Wayback Machine 4159: 4155: 4124: 4120: 4087: 4083: 4058:10.1002/ece3.46 4038: 4034: 4019: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3888: 3884: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3840: 3827: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3719: 3715: 3686: 3682: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3655: 3653: 3634: 3630: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3542: 3538: 3523: 3512: 3493: 3489: 3456: 3452: 3413: 3409: 3370: 3366: 3355: 3348: 3339: 3337: 3322: 3318: 3286: 3282: 3227: 3223: 3208: 3204: 3164: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3104: 3100: 3085: 3076: 3041:Panthera tigris 3035: 3031: 3018: 3014: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2907: 2903:Panthera tigris 2897: 2893: 2882: 2878: 2867: 2863: 2848: 2841: 2829: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2798: 2791: 2754:Current Biology 2746: 2742: 2680: 2676: 2621: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2590: 2586: 2553: 2549: 2504:Panthera tigris 2497: 2493: 2454:(5): e1400175. 2440: 2433: 2426: 2415:Panthera tigris 2405: 2401: 2394: 2376: 2372: 2361: 2357: 2352:(May): 480–481. 2334: 2330: 2311: 2307: 2291: 2287: 2268: 2264: 2249: 2242: 2223: 2192: 2176:10.2307/3504004 2162: 2158:Panthera tigris 2149: 2138: 2083: 2072: 2040: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1961: 1957: 1928:Panthera tigris 1922: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1893: 1887: 1878: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1847: 1834:Bergmann's rule 1825: 1797: 1727: 1646: 1556: 1530: 1499: 1418: 1404: 1382:in August 2010. 1335: 1316: 1289: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1213: 1175:Tigers depress 1085: 952: 906: 866:Baekdu Mountain 807:Khabarovsk Krai 772: 771: 770: 769: 768: 762: 753: 752: 751: 748: 737: 709: 669: 629:illegal hunting 615: 587: 585:Characteristics 562:that were lost 476: 451:comprising the 403:Morphologically 341:scientific name 326: 287:phylogeographic 285:. Results of a 255:Northeast China 223: 219: 217: 213: 193: 179: 169: 162: 56: 31:Siberian tiger 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5324: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5239: 5226: 5213: 5200: 5187: 5174: 5161: 5148: 5135: 5122: 5109: 5096: 5081: 5065: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5045: 5044: 5040:BBC Earth News 5031: 5026: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4980: 4975: 4966: 4955: 4954:External links 4952: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4919: 4897: 4878: 4848: 4829: 4809: 4790: 4776: 4754: 4732: 4710: 4688: 4666: 4644: 4622: 4600: 4578: 4562: 4535: 4516: 4497: 4491:黑龙江东北虎林园将打造千虎园 4481: 4459: 4437: 4404: 4361: 4335: 4305: 4273: 4241: 4219: 4197: 4175: 4153: 4134:(3): 173–183. 4118: 4105:(3): 737–748. 4081: 4052:(4): 529–545. 4032: 4017: 3981: 3951: 3926: 3911: 3904: 3882: 3863: 3856: 3825: 3806: 3799: 3781: 3750: 3743: 3713: 3680: 3662: 3628: 3606: 3587: 3557: 3554:on 2013-12-24. 3536: 3510: 3487: 3474:(4): 845–855. 3450: 3407: 3364: 3346: 3316: 3297:(12): 109250. 3280: 3221: 3202: 3175:(3): 491−503. 3158: 3143: 3098: 3074: 3029: 3012: 2993:(4): 537–573. 2981:Fauna Japonica 2962: 2955: 2927: 2920: 2891: 2876: 2861: 2839: 2817: 2810: 2789: 2740: 2674: 2612: 2584: 2565:(5): 707–713. 2547: 2491: 2431: 2424: 2399: 2392: 2370: 2355: 2328: 2305: 2285: 2262: 2240: 2190: 2136: 2070: 2051:(4): 322−332. 2031: 2008: 1997:. Mongabay.com 1985: 1955: 1911: 1876: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1809: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1789:Sumatran tiger 1786: 1781: 1776: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1716:Chinese people 1645: 1642: 1619:Zookeepers in 1609:In an incident 1599:Jilin province 1564:Jilin Province 1529: 1526: 1498: 1495: 1472:Persian onager 1408:Reintroduction 1403: 1402:Reintroduction 1400: 1334: 1331: 1315: 1312: 1288: 1285: 1252: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1228:Primorsky Krai 1225: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1169:Himalayan bear 1127:, and hair of 1084: 1081: 951: 948: 905: 902: 803:Primorsky Krai 763: 756: 755: 754: 749: 742: 741: 740: 739: 738: 736: 733: 717:Pittsburgh Zoo 708: 705: 681:sagittal crest 668: 665: 649:radio-collared 614: 611: 586: 583: 475: 472: 461:Sumatran tiger 449:P. t. sondaica 420:P. t. sondaica 394: 393: 387: 377: 363: 325: 322: 249:native to the 231:Siberian tiger 225: 224: 218: 212: 208: 207: 199: 198: 195:Siberian tiger 191: 187: 186: 177: 173: 172: 160: 156: 155: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 50: 49: 42: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5323: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4971:P. t. altaica 4967: 4965: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4944: 4942:9781315425658 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4786: 4780: 4764: 4758: 4742: 4736: 4720: 4714: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4670: 4654: 4648: 4632: 4626: 4610: 4604: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4575:0-307-26893-4 4572: 4566: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4501: 4493: 4485: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4350:on 2011-07-14 4349: 4345: 4339: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4310: 4295:on 2016-03-04 4291: 4284: 4277: 4263:on 2016-10-22 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4122: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4018:9781450358163 4014: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3970:on 2018-01-09 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3922: 3915: 3907: 3905:9780226518237 3901: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3820:New Scientist 3817: 3810: 3802: 3796: 3793:. CRC Press. 3792: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3744:9781597266093 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3652:on 2011-08-17 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3577:on 2020-02-19 3576: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3336:on 2012-04-06 3335: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3154: 3147: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3025: 3024: 3016: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2923: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2895: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2395: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2374: 2366: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2309: 2301: 2296: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2259:(3): 127–133. 2258: 2254: 2247: 2245: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2038: 2036: 2019: 2012: 1996: 1989: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1959: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1899: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1872: 1865: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1779:Bornean tiger 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1757:Malayan tiger 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747:Caspian tiger 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1508: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1451:Taukum Desert 1448: 1444: 1443:Lake Balkhash 1440: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1349:In 1992, the 1347: 1344: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1229: 1222: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:Eurasian lynx 1192: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1161:Amur leopards 1158: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1102: 1097: 1089: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1072:radio-collars 1068: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020:Cervus nippon 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 965: 961: 956: 947: 945: 941: 940:Amur leopards 936: 933: 928: 923: 919: 910: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 869: 867: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 767: 760: 746: 732: 728: 724: 718: 713: 704: 702: 697: 693: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 664: 661: 660:Sungari River 657: 652: 650: 646: 641: 636: 635:with people. 634: 630: 625: 624:Bengal tigers 619: 610: 608: 604: 596: 591: 582: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 552: 548: 542: 540: 536: 531: 526: 522: 517: 515: 510: 506: 501: 493: 492:P. t. altaica 489: 488:P. t. virgata 485: 480: 471: 469: 464: 463:populations. 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 391: 388: 385: 381: 378: 375: 371: 367: 364: 361: 357: 353: 350: 349: 348: 346: 345:Carl Linnaeus 342: 338: 330: 321: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 283:Caspian tiger 279: 277: 272: 268: 264: 260: 257:and possibly 256: 252: 248: 247: 243: 240: 236: 232: 209: 205: 200: 196: 192: 189: 188: 184: 183: 178: 175: 174: 167: 166: 161: 158: 157: 154: 153: 149: 146: 145: 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 115: 112: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 86: 85: 82: 79: 76: 75: 72: 69: 66: 65: 60: 55: 51: 48: 43: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 5060: 5039: 5022: 5004: 4996: 4970: 4961: 4932: 4922: 4916:(681): 1–18. 4913: 4900: 4891: 4881: 4869:. Retrieved 4865:the original 4860: 4851: 4832: 4812: 4793: 4779: 4767:. Retrieved 4757: 4745:. Retrieved 4735: 4723:. Retrieved 4713: 4701:. Retrieved 4691: 4679:. Retrieved 4669: 4657:. Retrieved 4647: 4635:. Retrieved 4625: 4613:. Retrieved 4603: 4591:. Retrieved 4581: 4565: 4553:. Retrieved 4549:the original 4538: 4519: 4500: 4484: 4468: 4462: 4446: 4440: 4428:. Retrieved 4421:the original 4407: 4380: 4374: 4364: 4352:. Retrieved 4348:the original 4338: 4326:. Retrieved 4322:the original 4297:. Retrieved 4290:the original 4276: 4265:. Retrieved 4258:the original 4244: 4228: 4222: 4206: 4200: 4184: 4178: 4162: 4156: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4084: 4049: 4045: 4035: 3990: 3984: 3972:. Retrieved 3968:the original 3963: 3954: 3942:. Retrieved 3938: 3929: 3920: 3914: 3895: 3885: 3876: 3866: 3845: 3819: 3809: 3790: 3784: 3772:. Retrieved 3768:the original 3763: 3753: 3735:Island Press 3726: 3716: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3654:. Retrieved 3650:the original 3641: 3631: 3622: 3609: 3600: 3590: 3579:. Retrieved 3575:the original 3570: 3560: 3552:the original 3546: 3539: 3530: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3358: 3338:. Retrieved 3334:the original 3329: 3319: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3215: 3205: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3155:(61): 18−19. 3152: 3146: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3101: 3092: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3032: 3022: 3015: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2946: 2942: 2911: 2902: 2894: 2879: 2864: 2855: 2833: 2820: 2801: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2692: 2688: 2677: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2603:. Retrieved 2597: 2587: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2516:(12): e442. 2513: 2510:PLOS Biology 2509: 2503: 2494: 2451: 2447: 2416: 2412: 2402: 2383: 2373: 2364: 2358: 2349: 2343: 2340:Felis tigris 2339: 2331: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2298: 2288: 2279: 2274:Felis tigris 2273: 2265: 2256: 2252: 2234: 2230: 2169:(152): 1–8. 2166: 2157: 2097:(1): e4125. 2094: 2090: 2048: 2044: 2022:. Retrieved 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1988: 1976:. Retrieved 1968: 1958: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1902:. Retrieved 1898:the original 1870: 1829:Amur leopard 1818: 1811: 1804: 1742:Bengal tiger 1720: 1709: 1694:for 'King' ( 1673: 1658: 1633:Heilongjiang 1618: 1607: 1592: 1587: 1580: 1557: 1554:Tiger attack 1537: 1519: 1511: 1497:In captivity 1487:Kolyma River 1480: 1460: 1456:Bukhara deer 1436: 1419: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1343:range states 1336: 1333:Conservation 1324: 1317: 1301: 1290: 1282: 1279: 1259: 1199: 1193: 1189: 1185:Sikhote-Alin 1180: 1174: 1166: 1149: 1142: 1120: 1112: 1109:Ussuri brown 1106: 1077: 1069: 1044:Ursus arctos 1043: 1035: 1027: 1019: 1011: 1003: 995: 987: 979: 969: 943: 937: 921: 915: 870: 862: 831: 800: 796:Yellow River 773: 729: 725: 723:than black. 721: 707:Fur and coat 689: 670: 653: 644: 639: 637: 620: 616: 599: 576: 571: 563: 559: 546: 543: 535:Central Asia 530:phylogenetic 518: 497: 491: 487: 468:P. t. tigris 467: 465: 448: 433:P. t. tigris 432: 418: 414: 395: 389: 383: 380:Felis tigris 379: 368:proposed by 365: 354:proposed by 351: 343:proposed by 337:Felis tigris 336: 335: 307: 280: 267:Sikhote-Alin 244: 234: 230: 228: 194: 190:Population: 180: 176:Subspecies: 163: 151: 25: 5152:iNaturalist 5085:Wikispecies 3877:Planet Save 3764:Ecology.com 3427:(1): 1–11. 3380:: 120–128. 2024:18 December 1784:Javan tiger 1684:Nani people 1584:Bikin River 1536:Sign warns 1391:Yerevan Zoo 1314:In the past 1308:snare traps 1181:Canis lupus 1145:hibernation 1040:brown bears 1004:Alces alces 932:home ranges 892:and Lesser 827:Korean pine 780:Lake Baikal 764:A tiger in 685:occipitalis 683:and crista 595:Münster Zoo 445:South China 441:Indochinese 411:Pleistocene 259:North Korea 141:Pantherinae 137:Subfamily: 5265:Categories 4997:Amur tiger 4299:2014-10-03 4267:2011-10-06 4000:1805.05356 3700:(4): 323. 3656:2015-07-15 3581:2014-09-17 3434:1810.11195 3340:2018-03-31 2717:2263/32583 2605:4 November 2325:: 421–519. 1845:References 1774:Bali tiger 1644:In culture 1638:Zürich Zoo 1552:See also: 1318:After the 1101:brown bear 1028:Sus scrofa 858:Amur moose 811:Amur River 607:carnassial 568:stochastic 314:Manchurian 242:subspecies 235:Amur tiger 121:Feliformia 117:Suborder: 3974:5 January 3944:5 January 3507:(2): 159. 2947:The Tiger 2943:Der Tiger 2939:Mazák, V. 2344:amurensis 2152:Mazák, V. 1655:in Russia 1560:man-eater 1439:Ili River 1423:Amu-Darya 1200:Lynx lynx 1153:telemetry 1058:and even 1024:wild boar 1016:sika deer 972:ungulates 890:Wandashan 850:Sika deer 696:Kopet Dag 692:Turkestan 656:Manchuria 613:Body size 603:zygomatic 556:gene flow 509:haplotype 494:) tigers. 474:Phylogeny 429:Sundaland 407:gene flow 384:amurensis 312:tiger", " 299:Silk Road 165:P. tigris 159:Species: 111:Carnivora 77:Kingdom: 71:Eukaryota 5209:14000261 5070:Wikidata 4986:Archived 4840:Archived 4821:Archived 4801:Archived 4769:6 August 4747:6 August 4725:6 August 4703:6 August 4681:6 August 4659:6 August 4637:6 August 4615:6 August 4593:6 August 4555:6 August 4528:Archived 4509:Archived 4473:Archived 4451:Archived 4399:15879196 4354:6 August 4328:6 August 4233:Archived 4211:Archived 4189:Archived 4167:Archived 4148:88992035 4076:22393520 4027:21682090 3402:90802525 3275:30891189 3197:10597364 3153:Cat News 3007:85177441 2987:Mammalia 2941:(1983). 2901:"Tiger, 2784:30482605 2735:24045858 2695:: 2433. 2669:25766120 2661:19555412 2579:37492591 2542:15583716 2486:26601191 2154:(1981). 2131:19142238 2091:PLOS ONE 2065:27136188 1871:Cat News 1725:See also 1629:Shenzhen 1625:Shanghai 1449:and the 1304:poaching 1275:poachers 1230:, Russia 974:such as 834:ungulate 821:and the 788:Holocene 776:Mongolia 551:Bayesian 486:(PTV or 398:validity 339:was the 324:Taxonomy 318:Ussurian 152:Panthera 127:Family: 101:Mammalia 91:Chordata 87:Phylum: 81:Animalia 67:Domain: 5144:5219420 5131:1253183 4861:Reuters 4376:Science 4067:3287338 3892:"Tiger" 3774:June 7, 3382:Bibcode 3299:Bibcode 3266:6405893 3243:Bibcode 3177:Bibcode 3124:Bibcode 3055:Bibcode 2762:Bibcode 2726:3778509 2697:Bibcode 2641:Bibcode 2629:ex situ 2625:In situ 2477:4640610 2456:Bibcode 2342:, var. 2300:Siebold 2227:"Tiger" 2185:3504004 2122:2624500 2099:Bibcode 2001:13 June 1978:June 7, 1904:16 June 1696:Chinese 1611:at the 1595:Hunchun 1542:Russian 1491:Yakutia 1485:in the 1395:Armenia 1287:Threats 1052:rabbits 962:at the 960:diorama 673:canines 658:by the 572:in situ 564:in situ 560:ex situ 547:ex situ 500:genetic 484:Caspian 437:Malayan 423:in the 303:Siberia 147:Genus: 131:Felidae 107:Order: 97:Class: 5271:Tigers 5235:156823 5183:726472 5170:121116 5157:130796 5076:Q69581 4939: 4871:4 July 4573: 4397: 4146: 4074: 4064: 4025: 4015: 3939:Rgo.ru 3902: 3854: 3797: 3741: 3400: 3273: 3263: 3195: 3005: 2953: 2918: 2808: 2782: 2733: 2723: 2667: 2659: 2577: 2540: 2533:534810 2530: 2484: 2474: 2422: 2390: 2183: 2129: 2119: 2063: 1708:: 1706:pinyin 1698:: 1688:Manchu 1575:Korean 1468:Tehran 1414:, and 1266:Litter 1115:) and 1060:salmon 1038:) and 1014:) and 701:Nagina 675:. The 579:clades 220: 214: 5248:19403 5222:74533 5196:15956 5118:5K5M2 4910:(PDF) 4430:5 May 4424:(PDF) 4417:(PDF) 4293:(PDF) 4286:(PDF) 4261:(PDF) 4254:(PDF) 4144:S2CID 4023:S2CID 3995:arXiv 3619:(PDF) 3597:"One" 3501:Ursus 3429:arXiv 3398:S2CID 3193:S2CID 3003:S2CID 2945:[ 2908:(PDF) 2830:(PDF) 2665:S2CID 2575:S2CID 2233:[ 2181:JSTOR 2163:(PDF) 1894:(PDF) 1867:(PDF) 1680:Udege 1621:Anhui 1297:genes 1138:groin 1129:bears 1056:pikas 1048:hares 1000:moose 922:adult 898:Feces 823:taiga 677:skull 667:Skull 453:Javan 382:var. 360:Altai 295:Gansu 239:tiger 5217:NCBI 5191:IUCN 5178:ITIS 5139:GBIF 4937:ISBN 4873:2020 4771:2011 4749:2011 4727:2011 4705:2011 4683:2011 4661:2011 4639:2011 4617:2011 4595:2011 4571:ISBN 4557:2011 4432:2013 4395:PMID 4356:2011 4330:2011 4072:PMID 4013:ISBN 3976:2018 3946:2018 3900:ISBN 3852:ISBN 3795:ISBN 3776:2015 3739:ISBN 3425:2019 3271:PMID 2951:ISBN 2916:ISBN 2806:ISBN 2780:PMID 2731:PMID 2657:PMID 2607:2014 2538:PMID 2482:PMID 2420:ISBN 2388:ISBN 2127:PMID 2061:PMID 2026:2015 2003:2015 1980:2015 1940:2022 1906:2012 1711:Wáng 1682:and 1674:The 1665:Amur 1627:and 1474:and 1378:and 1177:wolf 1136:and 1134:hams 1064:Scat 856:and 786:and 459:and 457:Bali 396:The 310:Amur 229:The 5204:MSW 5165:ISC 5126:EoL 5113:CoL 5100:ADW 4385:doi 4381:308 4136:doi 4107:doi 4062:PMC 4054:doi 4005:doi 3702:doi 3698:276 3476:doi 3439:doi 3390:doi 3307:doi 3295:261 3261:PMC 3251:doi 3185:doi 3132:doi 3063:doi 2995:doi 2770:doi 2721:PMC 2713:hdl 2705:doi 2649:doi 2567:doi 2528:PMC 2518:doi 2472:PMC 2464:doi 2171:doi 2117:PMC 2107:doi 2053:doi 1944:doi 1597:in 1270:den 1022:), 1006:), 998:), 990:), 982:), 233:or 5267:: 5245:: 5232:: 5219:: 5206:: 5193:: 5180:: 5167:: 5154:: 5141:: 5128:: 5115:: 5102:: 5087:: 5072:: 5038:. 4912:. 4890:. 4859:. 4393:. 4379:. 4373:. 4308:^ 4142:. 4132:34 4130:. 4103:91 4101:. 4097:. 4070:. 4060:. 4048:. 4044:. 4021:. 4011:. 4003:. 3962:. 3937:. 3894:. 3875:. 3828:^ 3818:. 3762:. 3733:: 3729:. 3696:. 3692:. 3673:. 3640:. 3621:. 3599:. 3569:. 3513:^ 3505:14 3503:. 3499:. 3472:94 3470:. 3466:. 3437:. 3423:. 3419:. 3396:. 3388:. 3378:92 3376:. 3349:^ 3305:. 3293:. 3269:. 3259:. 3249:. 3237:. 3233:. 3214:. 3191:. 3183:. 3173:31 3171:. 3130:. 3120:43 3118:. 3114:. 3077:^ 3061:. 3051:22 3049:. 3045:. 3043:)" 3001:. 2991:31 2989:. 2985:. 2965:^ 2930:^ 2910:. 2842:^ 2792:^ 2778:. 2768:. 2758:28 2756:. 2752:. 2729:. 2719:. 2711:. 2703:. 2691:. 2687:. 2663:. 2655:. 2647:. 2637:18 2635:. 2615:^ 2596:. 2573:. 2561:. 2536:. 2526:. 2512:. 2508:. 2506:)" 2480:. 2470:. 2462:. 2452:11 2450:. 2446:. 2434:^ 2348:. 2323:58 2321:. 2317:. 2278:. 2257:28 2255:. 2243:^ 2229:. 2193:^ 2179:. 2165:. 2139:^ 2125:. 2115:. 2105:. 2093:. 2089:. 2073:^ 2059:. 2049:11 2047:. 2034:^ 1971:. 1967:. 1938:. 1932:. 1914:^ 1879:^ 1869:. 1853:^ 1718:. 1704:; 1671:. 1548:). 1544:: 1478:. 1410:, 1393:, 1140:. 1062:. 1054:, 1050:, 958:A 896:. 888:, 848:. 840:, 574:. 523:, 470:. 455:, 443:, 439:, 253:, 5042:. 4973:) 4964:) 4945:. 4875:. 4773:. 4751:. 4729:. 4707:. 4685:. 4663:. 4641:. 4619:. 4597:. 4559:. 4434:. 4401:. 4387:: 4358:. 4332:. 4302:. 4270:. 4150:. 4138:: 4115:. 4109:: 4078:. 4056:: 4050:1 4029:. 4007:: 3997:: 3978:. 3948:. 3908:. 3879:. 3860:. 3822:. 3803:. 3778:. 3747:. 3710:. 3704:: 3659:. 3584:. 3484:. 3478:: 3447:. 3441:: 3431:: 3404:. 3392:: 3384:: 3343:. 3313:. 3309:: 3301:: 3277:. 3253:: 3245:: 3239:9 3218:. 3199:. 3187:: 3179:: 3140:. 3134:: 3126:: 3071:. 3065:: 3057:: 3009:. 2997:: 2983:" 2959:. 2924:. 2888:. 2873:. 2814:. 2786:. 2772:: 2764:: 2737:. 2715:: 2707:: 2699:: 2693:4 2671:. 2651:: 2643:: 2609:. 2581:. 2569:: 2563:5 2544:. 2520:: 2514:2 2488:. 2466:: 2458:: 2428:. 2396:. 2346:" 2338:" 2276:" 2272:" 2187:. 2173:: 2160:" 2156:" 2133:. 2109:: 2101:: 2095:4 2067:. 2055:: 2028:. 2005:. 1982:. 1952:. 1946:: 1930:" 1926:" 1908:. 1701:王 1540:( 1397:. 1198:( 1179:( 1119:( 1111:( 1042:( 1034:( 1026:( 1018:( 1010:( 1002:( 994:( 986:( 978:( 942:( 376:. 297:− 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index