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215:, or the gardenesque style of the early part of the century. A shrubbery was a collection of hardy shrubs, quite distinct from a flower garden, which was also a cutting garden to supply flowers in the house. The shrubbery was arranged as a walk, ideally a winding one, that made a circuit that brought the walker back to the terrace of the house. Its paths were gravel, so that they dried quickly after a rain. A walk in the shrubbery offered a chance for a private conversation, and a winding walk among shrubs surrounding even quite a small lawn was a feature of the garden behind a well-furnished
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403:; judicious contrast and variety were essential, but Philips seems to have been among the first garden writers to notice that yellowish-green leaves in the foreground seem to throw bluish green-leaved shrubs deeper into a perceived distance. The desirable undulations of paths and islands and bands of shrub plantings would ideally undulate in elevation too: "break up the level by throwing up elevations,' Philips suggested, "so as to answer the double purpose of obscuring private walks and screening other parts from the wind."
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343:, but her shrubbery and hardy perennial plantings were designed to soften transitions: "Where woodland joins garden ground there is often a sudden jolt; the wood ends with a hard line, sometimes with a path along it, accentuating the defect." In the expansive space of even a small Edwardian garden, Miss Jekyll recommended a space "from twenty-five to forty feet" planted so as to bring wood and garden into harmony, "so planted as to belong equally to garden and wood."
27:
387:'s watercolor view c. 1822 of the west front of the Pavilion, reproduced in Nash's publication. The winding perimeter walk circling the lawn among the shrubs and trees, enriched with island beds of herbaceous perennials, began to be laid out in 1814, with a flush of activity 1817-21. Two books of commentaries proved indispensable for the replanting scheme. One was Henry Phillips, who wrote in 1823
290:, or Japanese influence in the arts of the West, was already well-established, and sparked the first Japanese gardens in the West. Initially these were mostly sections of large private gardens, but as the style grew in popularity, many Japanese gardens were, and continue to be, added to public parks and gardens. These are to a large extent planted with shrubs, as well as small trees.
183:
of 1753. In plans some of these proceed in a single overall direction, with several more or less curves to left and right, and often no exit shown at the end. With large shrubs these would first bring plants into view when fairly close, supplying a succession of surprises. There was great emphasis
168:
According to the garden historian Mark Laird, "by the early 1750s, we may reasonably claim that the shrubbery had been invented". The exact appearance of the earliest examples needs careful reconstruction from such plans, letters, poems and visual images as have survived. A high proportion seem to
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with very few original 18th-century examples surviving. As the fashion spread to smaller gardens, linear shrub borders covered up walls and fences, and were typically underplanted with smaller herbaceous flowering plants. By the late 20th century, shrubs, trees and smaller plants tend to be mixed
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on "graduation" in planting, with shorter plants, including herbaceous flowers, at the front near the path or lawn, with middle-sized ones behind, and the largest, and any trees, at the back. This principle, to some extent self-evident, has governed much planting ever since, for example that of
422:
Mr Nash ... masses the shrubs more closely together, allows the grass to disappear in wide sweeps under the plants or lets it run along the edges of the shrubs without trimming them ... hence they soon develop into a thicket that gracefully bends over the lawn without showing anywhere a sharply
267:. This had a wide range across Asia, extending to southern Spain, and it was introduced to England in the 1760s. But many sections of gardens, mostly from about 1890 to 1950, were planted as "rhododendron gardens" or "azealea gardens" from the start.
383:(1826), were finally carried out in connection with the extensive restorations of the Pavilion itself. Its "fairly open landscape of soft lawns dotted with trees and set with lightly-wooded, sinuous shrubberies" are best illustrated in
319:. Large rose gardens became highly popular as features of public parks at the end of the century, and remained popular additions in the 20th. Many rose breeders also show off their plants in gardens at their nurseries.
120:
The shrubbery was at first the development of the plant collector wing of the growing movement of
English gardeners, who in the early and mid-18th century eagerly awaited the new seeds and cuttings arriving at London
65:, mostly flowering species, are thickly planted. The original shrubberies were mostly sections of large gardens, with one or more paths winding through it, a less-remembered aspect of the
286:, 1893). Conder was a British architect who had worked for the Japanese government and other clients in Japan from 1877 until his death. The book was published when the general trend of
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together in the most visible parts of the garden, hopefully blending successfully. At the same time, shrubs, especially very large ones, have become part of the
133:, though Brown's designs in fact allowed for flower gardens and shrubberies, which have very rarely survived as well as his landscape vistas in the parks.
227:"Mr Rushworth," said Lady Bertram, "if I were you, I would have a very pretty shrubbery. One likes to get out into a shrubbery in fine weather." —
309:. Roses were never out of fashion, but received a great boost in the 19th century, as many hybrids from Asian species were developed, above all from
620:
Sylva florifera. The
Shrubbery, Historically and Botanically treated, with observations on the formation of Ornamental and Picturesque Scenery
101:", with compartments of smaller trees surrounded by hedges, and little colour. It was a further part of the garden, beyond the terrace and
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now often dominate shrubberies and woodland gardens planted in the period that have not been carefully maintained, especially the invasive
188:, but was rather novel in European gardening at this point, where the different sizes of plants were usually planted in different areas.
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that the house usually opened onto, and when mature provided shade on hot days, some shelter from a wind, and some privacy.
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have been viewed from "serpentine" paths, already a very fashionable layout for gardens, using an expanded version of the
93:". The shrubbery developed to display exciting new imported flowering species, initially mostly from the East Coast of
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were the stand-by in these shrub belts, combined with ferns, wood-rush, lilies, white foxgloves and white columbines.
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89:: "Nature has been so remarkably kind this last Autumn to adorn my Shrubbery with the flowers that usually blow at
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Wulf, 144-145; that Brown's designs in fact allowed for flower gardens and shrubberies is a major theme in Laird.
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in Europe, when roses were effectively the largest and most popular flowers, already existing in numerous garden
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129:(d. 1729) from America. There was some tension between them and the more landscape-oriented gardeners such as
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Sylvan
Sketches Or A Companion To The Park And The Shrubbery With Illustrations From The Works Of The Poets
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formed of Eden. It originated in
England and is as peculiar to the British nation as landscape planting.
140:, a type of natural landscape dominated by shrubs or bushes. The many distinct types of these include
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Such precise effects were made immeasurably simpler by the invention in 1827 by the
English engineer
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The formulas for arranging a shrubbery were founded on contemporary painterly requirements for the
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580:
Virginia Hinze, "The Re-Creation of John Nash's
Regency Gardens at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton"
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The shrubbery is a style of pleasure-garden which seems to owe its creation to the idea that our
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and
Western China became the most exciting new additions to the European garden, and large Asian
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The
Brother Gardeners: A Generation of Gentlemen Naturalists and the Birth of an Obsession
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Shrubbery is also the collective noun for shrubs in other contexts, sometimes used for
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In the later part of the 19th century hardy Asian shrubs from the hills around the
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Nash was at work also on the public parks of London, devising the shrubberies of
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A variant on this, from the 1890s onwards, was a
European interpretation of the
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is a specialized type of shrub garden, but it is normally treated as a type of
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The
Flowering of the Landscape Garden: English Pleasure Grounds, 1720-1800
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457:, "Shrubbery, 1": "A plantation of shrubs; a plot planted with shrubs".
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335:(London, 1908) in which her descriptions were based on her own garden at
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offered a chapter of suggestions for "Wood and Shrubbery Edges" in
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A shrubbery was a feature of 19th-century gardens in the
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Visions of Paradise: Glimpses of Our Landscape's Legacy
375:'s never-executed plans for the garden setting of the
596:Father of the better-known designer and architect
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16:Area in a garden where shrubs are thickly planted
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690:, 2008, William Heinemann (US: Vintage Books),
640:Philips 1823: I.20, quoted in Hinze 1996:51.
669:, 1999, University of Pennsylvania Press,
112:"Graduated" planting in a shrub border in
19:For the former military installation, see
517:A singular shrub is also known as a bush.
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622:(London, 1823), quoted in Hinze 1996:49.
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653:(Boston, 1971:71-72), noted by Hinze.
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333:Colour Schemes for the Flower Garden
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649:Pückler-Muskau, (S. Parsons, ed.)
487:Wulf, 7-11, 15, 22-23, 26-27, etc.
327:After the turn of the new century
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61:is a part of a garden where
21:The Shrubbery, Kidderminster
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414:, where the German visitor
381:Views of the Royal Pavilion
359:Dutch shrubbery in winter,
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85:to the fanatical gardener
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526:. Houghton Mifflin. 1982.
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67:English landscape garden
587:.1 (Summer 1996:45-53).
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31:Rhododendron
401:Picturesque
339:, south of
303:Middle Ages
295:rose garden
229:Jane Austen
154:shrub swamp
91:Whitsuntide
705:Categories
660:References
536:Laird, 133
365:Aerdenhout
249:, England.
123:nurserymen
99:wilderness
711:Gardening
618:Philips,
549:1999:297.
373:John Nash
307:cultivars
288:Japonisme
255:Himalayas
219:suburban
138:shrubland
51:shrubbery
177:'s book
158:moorland
125:such as
114:Cornwall
33:garden,
431:of the
410:and of
237:(1814).
217:Regency
203:in the
716:Shrubs
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146:maquis
142:fynbos
63:shrubs
443:Notes
221:villa
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