Shotgun - Knowledge

528: 3048:) and a number of them such as those by Robert and Chateauvillard from the 1830s and 1840s did not use hammers. In fact during these decades a wide variety of ingenious weapons, including rifles, adopted what is now often known as a 'needle-fire' method of igniting the charge, where a firing pin or a longer sharper needle provided the necessary impact. The most widely used British hammerless needle-fire shotgun was the unusual hinged-chamber fixed-barrel breech-loader by Joseph Needham, produced from the 1850s. By the 1860s hammerless guns were increasingly used in Europe both in war and sport although hammer guns were still very much in the majority. The first significant encroachment on hammer guns was a hammerless patent which could be used with a conventional side-lock. This was British gunmaker T. Murcott's 1871 action nicknamed the 'mousetrap' on account of its loud snap action. However, the most successful hammerless innovation of the 1870s was Anson and Deeley's 1181:(10.4 mm) is unusual, being measured in inches, and would be approximately 67 "real" gauge, though its short hull versions are nominally called 36-gauge in Europe. It uses a relatively small charge of shot. It is used for hunting and for skeet. Because of its very light recoil (approx 10 N), it is often used as a beginner's gun. However, the small charge and typically tight choke make it more difficult to hit targets. It is also frequently used by expert shooters because of the difficulty, especially in expensive side by side and over/under models for hunting small bird game such as quail and doves. Inexpensive bolt-action .410 shotguns are a very common first hunting shotgun among young pre-teen hunters, as they are used mostly for hunting squirrels, while additionally teaching bolt-action manipulation skills that will transfer easily later to adult-sized hunting rifles. Most of these young hunters move up to a 3436: 668:. The minimum barrel length for shotguns in most of the U.S. is 18 inches (460 mm), and this barrel length (sometimes 18.5–20 in (470–510 mm) to increase magazine capacity and/or ensure the gun is legal regardless of measuring differences) is the primary choice for riot shotguns. The shorter barrel makes the weapon easier to maneuver around corners and in tight spaces, though slightly longer barrels are sometimes used outdoors for a tighter spread pattern or increased accuracy of slug projectiles. Home-defense and law enforcement shotguns are usually chambered for 12-gauge shells, providing maximum shot power and the use of a variety of projectiles such as buckshot, rubber, sandbag and slug shells, but 20-gauge (common in bird-hunting shotguns) or .410 (common in youth-size shotguns) are also available in defense-type shotgun models allowing easier use by novice shooters. 2657: 3391:(SGC) is required to possess a "Section 2" shotgun. These cost £50 and can only be denied if the chief of police in the area believes and can prove that the applicant poses a real danger to the public, or if the applicant has been convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term of three years or more or if the applicant cannot securely store a shotgun (gun clamps, wire locks and locking gun cabinets are considered secure). The round number restrictions apply only to the magazine, not the chamber, so it is legal to have a single-barreled semi-auto or pump-action shotgun that holds more than 3 rounds in total, or a shotgun with separate chambers (which would need to also be multi-barrelled). For a shotgun to qualify as a section 2 shotgun, it must meet the following criteria: 2564: 594: 699:" that is more difficult to achieve with typical handgun loads. Compared to a rifle, riot shotguns are easier to maneuver due to the shorter barrel, still provide better damage potential at indoor distances (generally 3–5 meters/yards), and reduce the risk of "overpenetration"; that is, the bullet or shot passing completely through the target and continuing beyond, which poses a risk to those behind the target through walls. The wide spread of the shot reduces the importance of shot placement compared to a single projectile, which increases the effectiveness of "point shooting" – rapidly aiming simply by pointing the weapon in the direction of the target. This allows easy, fast use by novices. 1615:, or by threading the barrel and screwing in an interchangeable choke tube. The choke typically consists of a conical section that smoothly tapers from the bore diameter down to the choke diameter, followed by a cylindrical section of the choke diameter. Briley Manufacturing, a maker of interchangeable shotgun chokes, uses a conical portion about three times the bore diameter in length, so the shot is gradually squeezed down with minimal deformation. The cylindrical section is shorter, usually 0.6 to 0.75 inches (15 to 19 millimetres). The use of interchangeable chokes has made it easy to tune the performance of a given combination of shotgun and shotshell to achieve the desired performance. 2061:, and will therefore swing more slowly but more steadily. The short, low angular momentum barrels swing faster, but are less steady. These lengths are for pump or semi-auto shotguns; break open guns have shorter overall lengths for the same barrel length, and so will use longer barrels. The break open design saves between 7.62 and 15.24 cm (3.00 and 6.00 in) in overall length, but in most cases pays for this by having two barrels, which adds weight at the muzzle. Barrels for shotguns have been getting longer as modern steels and production methods make the barrels stronger and lighter; a longer, lighter barrel gives the same inertia for less overall weight. 661:

to three shells (two in the magazine and one chambered) as is mandated by U.S. federal law when hunting migratory birds. They can also easily be used with an empty magazine as a single-shot weapon, by simply dropping the next round to be fired into the open ejection port after the spent round is ejected. For this reason, pump-actions are commonly used to teach novice shooters under supervision, as the trainer can load each round more quickly than with a break-action, while unlike a break-action the student can maintain his grip on the gun and concentrate on proper handling and firing of the weapon.

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inducing spin on the projectile in a rifled barrel. Once the projectile clears the barrel, the sabot material falls away, leaving an unmarked, aerodynamic bullet to continue toward the target. The advantages over a traditional slug are increased shot power, increased bullet velocity due to the lighter-mass bullet, and increased accuracy due to the velocity and the reduction in deformation of the slug itself. Disadvantages versus a traditional slug include lower muzzle momentum due to reduced mass, reduced damage due to smaller bullet diameter, and significantly higher per-unit cost.

1604:, or normal distribution, with a higher density in the center that tapers off at the edges. Patterns are usually measured by firing at a 30-inch (76 cm) diameter circle on a large sheet of paper placed at varying distances. The hits inside the circle are counted, and compared to the total number of pellets, and the density of the pattern inside the circle is examined. An "ideal" pattern would put nearly 100% of the pellets in the circle and would have no voids—any region where a target silhouette will fit and not cover 3 or more holes is considered a potential problem. 1147: 1999:

tubes are often extended tubes, meaning they project beyond the end of the bore, giving more room for things like a longer conical section. Shot spreaders or diffusion chokes work opposite of normal chokes—they are designed to spread the shot more than a cylinder bore, generating wider patterns for very short range use. A number of recent spreader chokes, such as the Briley "Diffusion" line, actually use rifling in the choke to spin the shot slightly, creating a wider spread. The Briley Diffusion uses a 1 in 36 cm twist, as does the FABARM Lion Paradox shotgun.

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than an SGC. The applicant must nominate two referees who are known to the applicant to vouch for his or her character; a new 'variation' is required for each new caliber of gun to be owned; limits are set on how much ammunition a person can own at any one time; and an FAC can be denied if the applicant does not have sufficient 'good reason'. 'Good reason' generally means hunting, collecting, or target shooting – though other reasons may be acceptable. Personal defense is not an acceptable reason.

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in, whereas "buckshot" pellets are so large they must be stacked inside the cartridge in a fixed geometric arrangement to fit. The diameter in hundredths of an inch of bird shot sizes from No. 9 to No. 1 can be obtained by subtracting the shot size from 17. Thus, No. 4 bird shot is 17 – 4 = 13 = 0.13 inches (3.3 mm) in diameter. Different terminology is used outside the United States. In England and Australia, for example, 00 buckshot cartridges are commonly referred to as "

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loads the first shell by breaking the gun in the manner of a break-action shotgun, then closes it and inserts the second shell into a clip on the gun's right side. The spent hulls are ejected downwards. The guns combine the advantages of the break action (they can be proven to be safe by breaking open, there are no flying hulls) with those of the semi-automatic (low recoil, low barrel axis position hence low muzzle flip).

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use only a single shotgun for gamebirds normally pursued with 12 or 20-gauge shotguns, but have become rarer in recent years. 20-gauge shotguns are often used for gamebirds such as doves, smaller ducks, and quail. 28-gauge shotguns are not as common, but are classic quail-hunting guns. .410 gauge shotguns are typically used for squirrel hunting or for sportsmen seeking the challenge of killing game with a smaller load.

2983:. The shotgun has fallen in and out of favor with military forces several times in its long history. Shotguns and similar weapons are simpler than long-range rifles, and were developed earlier. The development of more accurate and deadlier long-range rifles minimized the usefulness of the shotgun on the open battlefields of European wars. But armies have "rediscovered" the shotgun for specialty uses many times. 2723: 2174:, which uses a large number (from dozens to hundreds) of small pellets, meant to create a wide "kill spread" to hunt birds in flight. Shot shells are described by the size and number of the pellets within, and numbered in reverse order (the smaller the number, the bigger the pellet size, similar to bore gauge). Size nine (#9) shot is the smallest size normally used for hunting and is used on small 3153: 1199: 3348:

types (pump/slide, break open, lever, bolt) do not have a magazine limit restriction or a minimum barrel length provided the overall length of the firearm remains more than 660 mm (26 in) and the barrel was produced by an approved manufacturer. Shotgun barrels may only be reduced in length to a minimum of 457 mm (18.0 in). Non-restricted shotguns may be possessed with any

708: 569:, which contain three barrels, usually two smoothbore barrels of the same gauge and a rifled barrel, though the only common theme is that at least one barrel be smoothbore. The most common arrangement was essentially a side-by-side shotgun with the rifled barrel below and centered. Usually a drilling containing more than one rifled barrel would have both rifled barrels in the same 1097: 801: 3259: 151: 2358:

injury at long ranges, but would cause painful stinging injuries and served as a warning. British gamekeepers have used rock salt shells to deter poachers. Rather than get into a physical confrontation, they stalk the poachers, making themselves known by a loud shout of "Run!" just before firing, to avoid hitting the now-fleeing subject in the eyes.

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this concept a bit further, with the addition of a wad that stays connected to the projectile after discharge, increasing accuracy. Both slugs are commonly found with fins or ribs, which are meant to allow the projectile to safely squeeze down during passage through chokes, but they do not increase stability in flight.

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limited penetration of the shot, which is why shotguns are used at short ranges, and typically against smaller targets. Larger shot sizes, up to the extreme case of the single projectile slug load, result in increased penetration, but at the expense of fewer projectiles and lower probability of hitting the target.

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squirrels in semi-open wooded or farmland areas in many parts of the eastern US (Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee) where dense brush is less of a hindrance and the ability to have more reach is important. For hunting in dense brush, shorter barrel lengths are often preferred when hunting the same types of game.

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as 1500 micrometres (0.060 inches). The use of too much choke and a small pattern increases the difficulty of hitting the target, whereas the use of too little choke produces large patterns with insufficient pellet density to reliably break targets or kill game. "Cylinder barrels" have no constriction.

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Semi-automatic shotguns with a barrel length of less than 469.9 mm (18.50 in) are considered restricted and any shotgun that has been altered so its barrel length is less than 457 mm (18.0 in) or if its overall length is less than 660 mm (26 in) is considered prohibited.

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All non-restricted shotguns must have an overall length of at least 660 mm (26 in). Semi-automatic shotguns must also have a barrel length of no less than 469.9 mm (18.50 in) and with a capacity of 5 shells or less in the magazine to remain non-restricted. All other shotgun action

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also used pump shotguns to guard bombers and other aircraft against saboteurs when parked on airbases across the Pacific and on the West Coast of the United States. Pump and semi-automatic shotguns were used in marksmanship training, particularly for bomber gunners. The most common pump shotguns used

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The typical use of a shotgun is against small and fast moving targets, often while in the air. The spreading of the shot allows the user to point the shotgun close to the target, rather than having to aim precisely as in the case of a single projectile. The disadvantages of shot are limited range and

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unit in a carrier that can be fired from a standard 12-gauge shotgun. The XREP projectile is fin stabilized, and travels at an initial velocity of 100 m/s (300 ft/s). Barbs on the front attach the electroshock unit to the target, with a tassel deploying from the rear to widen the circuit. A

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For buckshot, the numbers start and end with 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 ("single-aught"), 00 ("double-aught"), 000 ("triple-aught"), and 0000 ("quadruple-aught"). A different informal distinction is that "bird shot" pellets are small enough that they can be measured into the cartridge by weight, and simply poured

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Most shotguns are used to fire "a number of ball shot", in addition to slugs and sabots. The ball shot or pellets is for the most part made of lead but this has been partially replaced by bismuth, steel, tungsten-iron, tungsten-nickel-iron and even tungsten polymer loads. Non-toxic loads are required

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The gauge number is determined by the weight, in fractions of a pound, of a solid sphere of lead with a diameter equal to the inside diameter of the barrel. So, a 10-gauge shotgun nominally should have an inside diameter equal to that of a sphere made from one-tenth of a pound of lead. Each gauge has

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the bolt is trapped by a bolt stop and cannot return to battery unless it is manually released by depressing a thumb lever near the tang of the grip. Because the gun will not chamber a new round without manual actuation, the design is technically not really a self-loading, and Verney-Carron described

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shotguns, while uncommon, do exist. One of the best-known examples is a 12-gauge manufactured by Mossberg featuring a 3-round magazine, marketed in Australia just after changes to the gun laws in 1997 heavily restricted the ownership and use of pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns. They were not a

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However, shotgun ammunition which contains fewer than 6 projectiles requires a section 1 Firearms Certificate (FAC). Shotguns with a magazine capacity greater than 2 rounds are also considered to be section 1 firearms and, as such, require an FAC to own. An FAC costs £50 but is much more restrictive

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However, given the relatively low muzzle velocity of slug ammunition, typically around 500 m/s (about 1600 feet per second), and the blunt, poorly streamlined shape of typical slugs (which cause them to lose velocity very rapidly, compared to rifle bullets), a hunter must pay close attention to

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choke were used in limited numbers during the Vietnam War by US Navy Seals. It arguably increased effectiveness in close range engagements against multiple targets. Two major disadvantages plagued the system. One was erratic patterning. The second was that the shot would spread too quickly providing

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shooter shooting at distant targets might use 762 micrometres (0.030 inches) of constriction to produce a 76 cm (30 in) diameter pattern at 37 m (40 yd). Special chokes for turkey hunting, which requires long range shots at the small head and neck of the bird, can go as high

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and pushed forward into the chamber by the bolt. A pair of latches at the rear of the magazine hold the rounds in place and facilitate feeding of one shell at a time. If it is desired to load the gun fully, a round may be loaded through the ejection port directly into the chamber, or cycled from the

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Prior to an SGC being issued, an interview is conducted with the local Firearms Officer. In the past this was a duty undertaken by the local police, but more recently this function has been contracted out to civilian staff. The officer will check the location and suitability of the gun safe that is

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round used. Due to the large surface area of these rounds, they lose velocity rapidly, and must be used at fairly short ranges to be effective, though use at extremely short ranges, under 3 m (9.8 ft), can result in broken bones or other serious or lethal injuries. The rounds can also fly

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and Foster type slugs have the same basic configuration as normal slugs, but have increased accuracy. The hollowed rear of the Foster slug improves accuracy by placing more mass in the front of the projectile, therefore inhibiting the "tumble" that normal slugs may generate. The Brenneke slug takes

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bullet in damage potential. New "tactical" buckshot rounds, designed specifically for defensive use, use slightly fewer shot at lower velocity to reduce recoil and increase controllability of the shotgun. There are some shotgun rounds designed specifically for police use that shoot effectively from

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Other specialized choke tubes exist as well. Some turkey hunting tubes have constrictions greater than "Super Full", or additional features like porting to reduce recoil, or "straight rifling" that is designed to stop any spin that the shot column might acquire when traveling down the barrel. These

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A recent innovation is the back-boring of barrels, in which the barrels are bored out slightly larger than their actual gauge. This reduces the compression forces on the shot when it transitions from the chamber to the barrel. This leads to a slight reduction in perceived recoil, and an improvement

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Pump-action shotguns are common hunting, fowling and sporting shotguns. Hunting models generally have a barrel between 600 and 700 mm (24"-28"). Tube-fed models designed for hunting often come with a dowel rod or other stop that is inserted into the magazine and reduces the capacity of the gun

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of 1934; however, they are exempt from transfer taxes. These weapons commonly have barrels as short as 12 to 14 inches (30 to 36 centimetres) so that they are easier to handle in confined spaces. Non-prohibited private citizens may own short-barreled shotguns by passing extensive background checks

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Shotguns intended for defensive use have barrels as short as 18 inches (46 cm) for private use (the minimum shotgun barrel length allowed by law in the United States without federal registration). Barrel lengths of less than 18 inches (46 cm) as measured from the breechface to the muzzle

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An SGC holder can own any number of shotguns meeting these requirements so long as he/she can store them securely. No certificate is required to own shotgun ammunition, but one is required to buy it. There is no restriction on the amount of shotgun ammunition that can be bought or owned. There are

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Shotguns made for close ranges, where the angular speed of the targets is great (such as skeet or upland bird hunting), tend to have shorter barrels, around 24 to 28 inches (610 to 710 millimetres). Shotguns for longer range shooting, where angular speeds are small (trap shooting; quail, pheasant,

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Different gauges have different typical applications. 12-gauge shotguns are common for hunting geese, large ducks, or other big larger gamebirds; professional skeet and trap shooting; military applications; and home-defense applications. 16-gauge shotguns were once common for hunters who wanted to

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In the US, federal law prohibits shotguns from being capable of holding more than three shells including the round in the chamber when used for hunting migratory gamebirds such as doves, ducks, and geese. For other uses, a capacity of any number of shells is generally permitted. Most magazine-fed

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is credited with the invention of the American hammerless shotgun. Working for Barber & LeFever in Syracuse, New York, he introduced his first hammerless shotgun in 1878. This gun was cocked with external cocking levers on the side of the breech. He went on to patent the first truly automatic

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shot is taken at very close ranges, at which the shot charge expands no more than a few centimeters. This means the shotgun must still be aimed at the target with some care. Balancing this is the fact that shot spreads further upon entering the target, and the multiple wound channels are far more

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crystals, replacing the standard lead or steel shot. Rock salt shells could be seen as the forerunners of modern less-lethal rounds. In the United States, rock salt shells were and are sometimes still used by rural civilians to defend their property. The brittle salt was unlikely to cause serious

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Other, less common shotgun cartridges have their own unique uses. Ammunition manufacturer CCI produces 9mm Parabellum (.355 in.) and several other popular pistol calibers up to .45 ACP (11.43mm), as well as smaller calibers such as .22 Long Rifle (5.5mm) and .22 Magnum (5.5mm). These are commonly

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hybrid semi-automatic shotgun, which had an 8-round magazine located in the stock. While it reloaded automatically after each shot like a semi-automatic, it had a break-action to load the first shell. This design has only been repeated once, by Beretta with their UGB25 automatic shotgun. The user

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The shotgun remains a standard firearm for hunting throughout the world for all sorts of game from birds and small game to large game such as deer. The versatility of the shotgun as a hunting weapon has steadily increased as slug rounds and more advanced rifled barrels have given shotguns longer

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At any reasonable range, shotgun slugs make effective lethal wounds due to their tremendous mass, reducing the length of time that an animal might suffer. For example, a typical 12-gauge shotgun slug is a blunt piece of metal that could be described as an 18 mm (.729 inch) caliber that

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are a common type of slug round. While some slugs are exactly that—a 12-gauge metal projectile in a cartridge—a sabot is a smaller but more aerodynamic projectile surrounded by a "shoe" of some other material. This "sabot" jacket seals the barrel, increasing pressure and acceleration, while also

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Shotguns intended for all-round hunting are a compromise, but a 72 to 74 cm (28 to 29 in) barrel pump-action 12-gauge shotgun with a modified choke can serve admirably for use as one gun intended for general all-round hunting of small-game such as quails, rabbits, pheasants, doves, and

1600:. The ideal pattern would be a circle with an even distribution of shot throughout, with a density sufficient to ensure enough pellets will intersect the target to achieve the desired result, such as a kill when hunting or a break when shooting clay targets. In reality the pattern is closer to a 738:

Lever shotguns have seen a return to the gun market in recent years, however, with Winchester producing the Model 9410 (chambering the .410 gauge shotgun shell and using the action of the Winchester Model 94 series lever-action rifle, hence the name), and a handful of other firearm manufacturers

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Shotguns are often used with rifled barrels in locations where it is not lawful to hunt with a rifle. Typically, a sabot slug is used in these barrels for maximum accuracy and performance. Shotguns are often used to hunt whitetail deer in the thick brush and briers of the Southeastern and upper

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rounds are rounds that fire a single solid slug. They are used for hunting large game, and in certain military and law enforcement applications. Modern slugs are moderately accurate, especially when fired from special rifled slug barrels. They are often used in "shotgun-only" hunting zones near

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molded onto steel wire. When fired, the slugs separate, pulling the wire taut creating a flying blade, which could theoretically decapitate people and animals or amputate limbs. However, many active shotgun users consider this to be overstated, and view bolo shells as being less effective than

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shotgun was the most common type, and double-barreled variants are by far the most commonly seen in modern days. These are typically divided into two subtypes: the traditional "side-by-side" shotgun features two barrels mounted horizontally beside each other (as the name suggests), whereas the

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In many countries, especially the United States and Canada, shotguns are widely used as a support weapon by police forces. One of the rationales for issuing shotguns is that, even without much training, an officer will probably be able to hit targets at close to intermediate range, due to the

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depending on the shot size. Informally, birdshot pellets have a diameter smaller than 5 mm (0.20 in) and buckshot are larger than that. Pellet size is indicated by a number; for bird shot this ranges from the smallest 12 (1.2 mm, 0.05 in) to 2 (3.8 mm, 0.15 in) and then BB

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One major issue with lever-actions (and to a lesser extent pump-actions) was that early shotgun shells were often made of paper or similar fragile materials (modern hulls are plastic or metal). As a result, the loading of shells, or working of the action of the shotgun, could often result in

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Lever shotguns, while less common, were popular in the late 19th century with the Winchester Model 1887 and Model 1901 being prime examples. Initially very popular, demand waned after the introduction of pump-action shotguns around the start of the 20th century, and production was eventually

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On the other hand, the shotgun has become a standard in law enforcement use. A variety of specialty less-lethal or non-lethal ammunitions, such as tear gas shells, bean bags, flares, explosive sonic stun rounds, and rubber projectiles, all packaged into 12-gauge shotgun shells, are produced

3024:, since they rode with the weapon (loaded with buckshot) for defense against bandits. Passenger carriages carrying a strongbox usually had at least one private guard armed with a shotgun riding in front of the coach, next to the driver. This practice has survived in American slang; the term 2533:

at short range, more than nearly all handguns and many rifles. Though many believe the shotgun is a great firearm for inexperienced shooters, the truth is, at close range, the spread of shot is not very large at all, and competency in aiming is still required. A typical self-defense load of

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rounds, are designed to destroy door locking mechanisms without risking lives. They are constructed of a very brittle substance that transfers most of the energy to the primary target but then fragment into much smaller pieces or dust so as not to injure unseen targets such as hostages or

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is similar to but larger than birdshot, and was originally designed for hunting larger game, such as deer (hence the name). While the advent of new, more accurate slug technologies is making buckshot less attractive for hunting, it is still the most common choice for police, military, and

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usually refers to a zirconium-based pyrotechnic shotgun round. When fired, a gout of flame erupts from the barrel of the gun (up to 20 feet or 6 metres). The visual effect it produces is impressive, similar to that of a short ranged flamethrower. However, it has few tactical uses, mainly

544:"over-and-under" shotgun has the two barrels mounted vertically one on top of the other. Side-by-side shotguns were traditionally used for hunting and other sporting pursuits (early long-barreled side-by-side shotguns were known as "fowling pieces" for their use hunting ducks and other 3419:

Any pump-action or semi-automatic smoothbore gun (such as a shotgun) with a barrel length of less than 24 inches or total length of less than 40 inches is considered to be a section 5 firearm, that is, one that is subject to general prohibition, unless it is chambered for

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Globally, shotguns are generally not as heavily regulated as rifles or handguns, likely because they lack the range of rifles and are not easily concealable as handguns are; thus, they are perceived as a lesser threat by legislative authorities. The one exception is a

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was a government-run registry of all legally owned firearms in Canada. The government provided amnesty from prosecution to shotgun and rifle owners if they fail to register non-restricted shotguns and rifles. The long gun portion of the registry was scrapped in 2011.

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The choke should be tailored to the range and size of the targets. A skeet shooter shooting at close targets might use 127 micrometres (0.005 inches) of constriction to produce a 76 cm (30 in) diameter pattern at a distance of 19 m (21 yd). A

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weighs 28 grams (432 grains). For comparison, a common deer-hunting rifle round is a 7.62 mm (.308 inch) slug weighing 9.7 grams (150 grains), but the dynamics of the rifle cartridge allow for a different type of wound, and a much further reach.

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shells contain only a small amount of powder and no actual load. When fired, the blanks provide the sound and flash of a real load, but with no projectile. These may be used for simulation of gunfire, scaring wildlife, or as power for a launching device such as the

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This development was greatly overshadowed by two further innovations he introduced at the end of the 19th century. In 1893, Browning produced the Model 1893 Pump Action Shotgun, introducing the now familiar pump action to the market. And in 1900, he patented the

953:, are capable of switching between semi-automatic and pump action. These are popular for two reasons; first, some jurisdictions forbid the use of semi-automatic actions for hunting, and second, lower-powered rounds, like "reduced-recoil" buckshot shells and many 2880:

foot to 6; with an indifferent Bore, under Harquebus: Tho' for different Occasions they shou'd be of different Sorts, and Sizes. But in all, 'tis essential the Barrel be well polish'd and smooth within; and the Bore all of a Bigness, from one End to another...

2612:(called "game-shooting" in the United Kingdom, where "hunting" refers to hunting mammals with a pack of hounds), it is also used for more general forms of hunting especially in semi-populated areas where the range of rifle bullets may pose a hazard. Use of a 1185:

within a few years, and to 12-gauge shotguns and full-size hunting rifles by their late teens. Still, many who are particularly recoil-averse choose to stay with 20-gauge shotguns all their adult life, as it is a suitable gauge for many popular hunting uses.

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are classed as "Category C" (magazine capacity no more than 5 rounds) or "Category D" (magazine capacity more than 5 rounds) weapons; a licence for this type of firearm is, practically speaking, unavailable to the average citizen due to the difficulty and

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Offset chokes, where the pattern is intentionally slightly off of center, are used to change the point of impact. For instance, an offset choke can be used to make a double barrelled shotgun with poorly aligned barrels hit the same spot with both barrels.

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make extensive use of shotguns by personnel engaged in boarding hostile ships, as any shots fired will almost certainly be over a short range. Nonetheless, shotguns are far less common in military use than rifles, carbines, submachine guns, or pistols.

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troops in the early to mid-19th century because of its ease of use and generally good effectiveness on the move, as well as by coachmen for its substantial power. But by the late 19th century, these weapons became largely replaced on the battlefield by

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Shotguns generally have longer barrels than modern rifles. Unlike rifles, however, the long shotgun barrel is not for ballistic purposes; shotgun shells use small powder charges in large diameter bores, and this leads to very low muzzle pressures (see

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twenty-second burst of electrical energy is delivered to the target. This product was expected to be released to market in 2008. They were used—despite still being subject to testing, in breach of the supplier's license—by Northumbria police in their

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Since the end of World War II, the shotgun has remained a specialty weapon for modern armies. It has been deployed for specialized tasks where its strengths were put to particularly good use. It was used to defend machine gun emplacements during the

918:. Instead of having the action manually operated by a pump or lever, the action automatically cycles each time the shotgun is fired, ejecting the spent shell and reloading a fresh one into the chamber. The first successful semi-automatic shotgun was 2328:, fire a fabric bag filled with birdshot or a similar loose, dense substance. The "punch" effect of the bag is useful for knocking down targets; the rounds are used by police to subdue violent suspects. The bean bag round is by far the most common 3454:

shotguns come with a removable magazine plug to limit the capacity to 2, plus 1 in the chamber, for a total of 3 rounds, while hunting migratory gamebirds. Certain states have restrictions on magazine capacity or design features under hunting or

2676:"spreading" effect of buckshot. This is largely a myth, as the spread of buckshot at 25 feet averages 8 inches, which is still very capable of missing a target. Some police forces are replacing shotguns in this role with carbine rifles such as 3148:

reviewed the protest, and it was rejected because the Germans protested use of lead shot (which would have been illegal) but military shot was plated. This is the only occasion the legality of the shotgun's use in warfare has been questioned.

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to operate the semi-automatic mechanism. Conversely, the semi-automatic mode can be employed with more powerful shells, absorbing some of the recoil. Switching between the two modes is done by manipulating the ring located at the front of the

3007:

With the exception of cavalry units, the shotgun saw less and less use throughout the 19th century on the battlefield. As a defense weapon it remained popular with guards and lawmen, however, and the shotgun became one of many symbols of the

2064:

Shotguns for use against larger, slower targets generally have even shorter barrels. Small game shotguns, for hunting game like rabbits and squirrels, or shotguns for use with buckshot for deer, are often 56 to 61 cm (22 to 24 in).

792:, as well as the indigenous-designed SHS STP 12, have become increasingly popular alternatives to lever-action shotguns, largely due to the better ergonomics with less stress on the shooter's trigger hand and fingers when cycling the action. 2893:, in service with the British army from 1722 to 1838, had a 19 mm (.75 inch) smoothbore barrel, roughly the same as a 10-gauge shotgun, and was 157 cm (62 in) long, just short of the above recommended 168 cm (5 784:

at greater range. Typically, goose guns have long barrels (up to 36 inches), and small bolt-fed magazines. Bolt-action shotguns are also used in conjunction with slug shells for the maximum possible accuracy from a shotgun.

2734:

Shotguns are common weapons in military use, particularly for special purposes. Shotguns are found aboard naval vessels for shipboard security, because the weapon is very effective at close range as a way of repelling enemy

2251:

The unique properties of the shotgun, such as large case capacity, large bore, and the lack of rifling, has led to the development of a large variety of specialty shells, ranging from novelties to high tech military rounds.

563:, which is an over-and-under design with one smoothbore barrel and one rifle barrel (more often with a rifle barrel on top, but a rifle barrel on bottom was not uncommon). There is also a class of break-action guns called 3020:'s only confirmed kill was with a shotgun. The weapon both these men used was the short-barreled version favored by private strongbox guards on stages and trains. These guards, called express messengers, became known as 3003:

in the latter half of the 19th century. Mounted units favored the shotgun for its moving target effectiveness, and devastating close-range firepower. The shotgun was also favored by citizen militias and similar groups.

3298:

shotguns) are classed as "Category A" weapons and, as such, are comparatively easy to obtain a licence for, given a legally recognised "legitimate reason" (compare to the British requirement for "good reason" for a

2639:

Sabot slugs are essentially very large hollow point bullets, and are streamlined for maximum spin and accuracy when shot through a rifled barrel. They have greater ranges than older Foster and Brenneke-type slugs.

2272:

rounds contain aerodynamic darts, typically from 8 to 20 in number. The flechettes provide greatly extended range due to their aerodynamic shape and improved penetration of light armor. American troops during the

2203:

uses. Like birdshot, buckshot is described by pellet size, with larger numbers indicating smaller shot. From the smallest to the largest, buckshot sizes are: #4, (called "number four"), #1, 0 ("one-aught"), 00

2939:

With the adoption of smaller bores and rifled barrels, the shotgun began to emerge as a separate entity. Shotguns have long been the preferred method for sport hunting of birds, and the largest shotguns, the

2542:

rifle bullet, each pellet of shot is less likely to penetrate walls and hit bystanders (though in the case of traditional 00-Buck, overpenetration of soft and hard targets may be an issue). It is favored by

775:

rifle. The Russian Berdana shotgun was effectively a single-shot bolt-action rifle that became obsolete, and was subsequently modified to chamber 16-gauge shotgun shells for civilian sale. The U.S. military

2504:

rounds are sometimes carried by hunters for safety and rescue purposes. They are available in low and high altitude versions. Some brands claim they can reach a height of up to 200 m (660 ft).

3091:, America's first semi-automatic shotgun. The first semi-automatic shotgun in the world was patented in 1891–1893 by the Clair brothers of France. The Browning Auto-5 remained in production until 1998. 2975:

have produced fancy double-barrel guns for wealthy European and American hunters. These weapons can cost US$ 5,000 or more; some elaborately decorated presentation guns have sold for up to US$ 100,000.

3044:

The origins of the hammerless shotgun are European but otherwise obscure. The earliest breechloading shotguns originated in France and Belgium in the early 19th century (see also the history of the

2046:) and very little velocity change with increasing barrel length. According to Remington, modern powder in a shotgun burns completely in 25 (9.8425 in) to 36 (14.173 in) cm barrels. 1592:

Shot, small and round and delivered without spin, is ballistically inefficient. As the shot leaves the barrel it begins to disperse in the air. The resulting cloud of pellets is known as the shot

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hammerless shotgun in 1883. This gun automatically cocked itself when the breech was closed. He later developed the mechanism to automatically eject the shells when the breech was opened.

2368:

are similar in principle to the bean bag rounds. Composed of flexible rubber or plastic and fired at low velocities, these rounds are probably the most common choice for riot control.

1123:. By far the most common gauges are 12 (0.729 in, 18.5mm diameter) and 20 (0.614 in, 15.6mm), this includes other more or less common gauges, such as the 10, 16, 24, 28, 32, and 67 ( 751:

shotshells with more durable plastic casings. There has been a notable uptick in lever-action shotgun sales in Australia since 1997, when pump-actions were effectively outlawed.

1611:

is used to tailor the pattern for different purposes. Chokes may either be formed as part of the barrel at the time of manufacture, by squeezing the end of the bore down over a

527: 2129:

ammunition. They even make four adapter sleeves that allow the 20-gauge models to fire: 9mm Luger, .38 Special, .357 Magnum, .45 ACP, .45 Long Colt, and .410 gauge ammunition.

2333:

in a frisbee-like fashion and cut the person or animal being fired at. For this reason, these types of rounds are referred to as less-lethal, as opposed to less-than-lethal.

664:

Pump-action shotguns with shorter barrels and little or no barrel choke are highly popular for use in home defense, military and law enforcement, and are commonly known as

1154:

Handguns have also been produced that are capable of firing either .45 (Long) Colt or .410 shotgun shells from the same chamber; they are commonly known as "snake guns".

4132: 3353: 2854: 1211:

in the US, as the shot may be ingested by the waterfowl, which some authorities believe can lead to health problems due to the lead exposure. Shot is termed either

1135:

called snake shot cartridges. Larger gauges, up to 4 bore, too powerful to shoulder, have been built, but were generally affixed to small boats and referred to as

3286:

Within Australia, all shotguns manufactured after 1 January 1901 are considered firearms and are subject to registration and licensing. Most shotguns (including

4287: 2620:

slug, improves accuracy to 100 m (110 yd) or more. This is well within the range of the majority of kill shots by experienced hunters using shotguns.

556:). Both types of double-barrel shotgun are used for hunting and sporting use, with the individual configuration largely being a matter of personal preference. 3187:. Marines tended to use pump shotguns, since the pump action was less likely to jam in the humid and dirty conditions of the Pacific campaign. Similarly, the 2529:

Aside from the most common use against small, fast moving targets, the shotgun has several advantages when used against still targets. First, it has enormous

1027:, a dual-mode hybrid shotgun that allows the user the choice of semi-automatic or pump-action operation. Pump-action operation is employed when shooting less 3462:

when the weapon is in battery, or have an overall length of less than 26 inches (66 cm) are classified as short barreled shotguns (SBS) under the 1934

3356:(POL) and may be transported throughout the country without special authorization and may be used for hunting certain species at certain times of the year. 3145: 2814:

Shotguns are a popular means of home defense for many of the same reasons they are preferred for close-quarters tasks in law enforcement and the military.

3821: 2924:

loading, combining a musket ball with three or six buckshot, was used throughout the history of the smoothbore musket. The first recorded use of the term

763:

huge success, as they were somewhat slow and awkward to operate, and the rate of fire was noticeably slower (on average) than a double-barrelled gun. The

6491: 3772: 2849:

had large diameter, smoothbore barrels, and could fire shot as well as solid balls. A firearm intended for use in wing shooting of birds was known as a

2590:. These involve shooting clay discs, also known as clay pigeons, thrown in by hand and by machine. Both skeet and trap competitions are featured at the 2053:

the target by firing slightly ahead of the target, so that when the shot reaches the range of the target, the target will have moved into the pattern.

854:

chambering. The rifle has small blast shields attached to the cylinder to protect the shooter from hot gases escaping between the cylinder and barrel.

3482:(state and local laws may be more restrictive) as well as paying a $ 200 federal tax and being issued a stamp. Defensive shotguns sometimes have no 3175:, the shotgun was not heavily used in the war in Europe by official military forces. However, the shotgun was a favorite weapon of Allied-supported 7014: 3396:

has a barrel not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in length and does not have any barrel with a bore more than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter;

2010:

era. They were available for aftermarket addition in the 1970s from companies like A & W Engineering. Military versions of the Ithaca 37 with

1055:

catch mechanism like its similarly designed SpeedLine rifle. The Véloce is in essence a modified inertia-driven semi-automatic shotgun, but after

6803: 6561: 4044: 3608: 2952:

action in 1875. Modern innovations such as interchangeable chokes and subgauge inserts make the double-barreled shotgun the shotgun of choice in

4344: 3795: 3435: 3963:

X-Caliber X-treme: Multi-Caliber Weapons. NEVER BRING A KNIFE TO A GUNFIGHT. By DENNIS ADLER. FROM...RIFLE FIREPOWER MAGAZINE. 20 December 2013

3208:

and U.S. home security forces. Notably, industrial centers (such as the Gopher State Steel Works) were guarded by National Guard soldiers with

2222:

inches (7.0 cm) length 00 buck shell, which contains 9 pellets roughly 8.4 millimetres (0.33 in) in diameter, each comparable to a

3973: 3079:, which loaded a fresh cartridge from its internal magazine by the operation of the action lever. Before this time most shotguns were the ' 3013: 1162:" are popular among some outdoors-men in the South and Southwest regions of the United States. There are also some revolvers, such as the 816:, was manufactured between 1860 and 1863. Because of their low production numbers and age they are among the rarest of all Colt firearms. 3300: 6707: 4011: 3052:

patent of 1875. This simple but ingenious design only used four moving parts allowing the production of cheaper and reliable shotguns.

723:

designs, drawing inspiration from contemporary repeating rifles, with the earliest successful repeating shotgun being the lever-action

334:, the direct ancestor of the shotgun, was also used in similar roles from self-defense to riot control. Shotguns were often favored by 969:, such as the 1960's (appeared in 1967) Vietnam War era Remington Model 7188 (designed for and used by US Navy SEALs in Vietnam), the 780:

is also a bolt-action weapon. Bolt-action shotguns have also been used in the "goose gun" application, intended to kill birds such as

3634: 4505:"Royal Canadian Mounted Police – Canadian Firearms Program | Gendarmerie royale du Canada – Programme canadien des armes à feu" 4429: 3344:

Canada has three classifications of firearms: non-restricted, restricted, and prohibited. Shotguns are found in all three classes.

2285:

rounds. However, terminal performance was poor due to the very light weight of the flechettes, and their use was quickly dropped.

873:, Central Design and Research Bureau of Sporting and Hunting Arms. They are available in 12, 20, 28 and 32 gauges, and .410 bore. 6951: 6017: 3111:

and a heat shield so the barrel could be gripped while the bayonet was deployed. Shotguns fitted in this fashion became known as

2424:

that is fused to explode a short time after firing. They are designed to scare animals, such as birds that congregate on airport

3388: 3028:

is used for the passenger who sits in the front passenger seat. The shotgun was a popular weapon for personal protection in the

7008: 4540: 4403: 3183:. By contrast, in the Pacific theater, thick jungles and heavily fortified positions made the shotgun a favorite weapon of the 2743:

shotguns are often used, because regular steel is more prone to corrosion in the marine environment. Shotguns are also used by

4504: 4482: 4156: 788:

In Australia, some straight-pull bolt-action shotguns, such as the Turkish-made Pardus BA12 and Dickinson T1000, the American

429:. In a hunting context, this makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting fast-flying birds and other agile small/medium-sized 4627: 4604: 4585: 4566: 4385: 3933: 3752: 3725: 3698: 3671: 3474:) designed to be fired from the shoulder. The classification varies depending on how the weapon was originally manufactured. 3107:

employed 12-gauge pump-action shotguns when they were deployed to the Western Front in 1917. These shotguns were fitted with

6966: 6841: 4455: 4083: 2684:

situations, where police are blocking a highway to search cars for suspects. In the US, law enforcement agencies often use

789: 777: 640:

for the pump. The rounds are fed in one by one through a port in the receiver, where they are lifted by a lever called the

4139: 3360:

Restricted and prohibited shotguns may be possessed with a PAL or POL that has been endorsed for restricted or prohibited

2563: 4235: 3846: 2656: 974: 823:

was a modern take on the revolving shotgun that held 10 rounds of 12-gauge ammunition in its cylinder. It was copied by

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to be used for storage and conduct a general interview to establish the reasons behind the applicant requiring an SGC.

3349: 3948: 116: 7019: 6798: 6793: 2291:

rounds use exploding projectiles to increase long range lethality. These are currently experimental, but the British

135: 88: 6746: 6724: 6331: 4838: 2949: 2666: 671:

A riot shotgun has many advantages over a handgun or rifle. Compared to "defense-caliber" handguns (chambered for

5264: 2493: 2388: 2057:

and waterfowl hunting), tend to have longer barrels, 28 to 36 inches (910 mm). The longer barrels have more

2481:

conventional ammunition. Bolo shell rounds are banned in many locations (including the US states of Florida and

2438:

whistle that emits a loud whistling sound for the duration of its flight. These are also used to scare animals.

441:

to distant bystander and objects. However, in a military or law enforcement context, the high short-range blunt

6939: 6880: 6758: 6729: 6681: 6511: 6466: 6353: 6141: 4966: 95: 73: 2339:

shells spray a cone of gas for several meters. These are primarily used by riot police. They normally contain

509:

is the operating mechanism of a gun. There are many types of shotguns, typically categorized by the number of

6768: 5924: 3192: 2827: 2303:(HEAP) and High Explosive Fragmenting Antipersonnel (HEFA) forms, is under consideration by military forces. 985:

In addition to the commonly encountered shotgun actions already listed, there are also shotguns based on the

593: 6109: 7004: 6988: 6853: 6808: 3537: 356: 7024: 6983: 6922: 6734: 5548: 5402: 5394: 5157: 4348: 3470:

or "Any Other Weapon" or "Firearm", depending on barrel length. A shotgun is defined as a weapon (with a

3205: 610: 102: 4210: 3229:, and shotguns saw extensive use as door breaching and close quarter weapons in the early stages of the 2208:"), 000 ("triple-aught") and 0000 ("four-aught"). A typical round for defensive use would be a 12-gauge 2002:

Oval chokes, which are designed to provide a shot pattern wider than it is tall, are sometimes found on

6978: 6521: 6104: 4726: 4701: 3372: 3365: 3157: 3076: 2748: 1167: 691:

and similar), a shotgun has far more power and damage potential (up to 10 times the muzzle energy of a

162: 6166: 3612: 3399:

either has no magazine or has a non-detachable magazine not capable of holding more than 2 cartridges;

3250:

range and higher killing power. The shotgun has become a ubiquitous firearm in the hunting community.

402:

at the muzzle end to control the projectile scatter. This means each shotgun discharge will produce a

6863: 6486: 6022: 5110: 4012:"Auto Assault-12 (AA-12) Full-Auto Machine Shotgun/FRAG-12 High-Explosive Round Combo/Weapon System!" 3547: 3325: 2587: 2078: 1005: 421:

shape of the shot pellets also make them less accurate and decelerate quite quickly in flight due to

3491: 3467: 3067:

One of the men most responsible for the modern development of the shotgun was prolific gun designer

406:

instead of a single point of impact like other firearms. Having multiple projectiles also means the

84: 6629: 6423: 6146: 5766: 5568: 3379:

See online for an official Canadian list of non-restricted and restricted and prohibited firearms.

2756: 2539: 344: 69: 38: 17: 535:

of a side-by-side, and an over-and-under double-barrelled shotgun, both shown with the action open

6619: 6418: 6059: 6000: 5364: 5349: 5223: 4978: 4834: 4026: 3522: 2945: 2448: 2159:

The extremely large caliber of shotgun shells has led to a wide variety of different ammunition.

2049:

Since shotguns are generally used for shooting at small, fast moving targets, it is important to

809: 522: 290: 286: 266: 157: 62: 3980: 3466:

and are regulated. A similar short barreled weapon having a pistol grip may be classified as an

2636:

Midwestern United States, where, due to the dense cover, ranges tend to be close – 25m or less.

747:

of Australia) producing versions of the Winchester Model 1887/1901 designed for modern 12-gauge

464:, as shotguns are commonly owned civilian weapons in many countries. Shotguns are also used for 6885: 6848: 6624: 6136: 5899: 5776: 5654: 5617: 5300: 5177: 5037: 4973: 4738: 4677: 3316: 3246:

introduced a self-contained electronic weapon which is fired from a standard 12-gauge shotgun.

2538:

contains 8–27 large lead pellets, resulting in many wound tracks in the target. Also, unlike a

911: 882: 764: 552:), whereas over-and-under shotguns are more commonly associated with recreational use (such as 411: 305: 4653: 3908: 3869: 3742: 3715: 3661: 6556: 6481: 6451: 6176: 5985: 5573: 5553: 5137: 5054: 4961: 3690:

Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World

3688: 3478: 3463: 3201: 3197: 3184: 3161: 2933: 2550:

On the other hand, the hit potential of a defensive shotgun is often overstated. The typical

1077: 646: 461: 368: 360: 167: 2643:

People often use semiautomatic or pump-action shotguns for hunting waterfowl to small game.

624:

to work the action, extracting the spent shell and inserting a new round, while cocking the

6604: 6586: 6576: 6084: 5823: 5716: 5518: 5451: 3596: 3055: 2697: 2320: 2081:, allowing most single- and double-barrel shotguns to fire a wide range of ammunition. The 1146: 903: 851: 835: 813: 808:

Colt briefly manufactured several revolving shotguns that were met with mixed success. The

553: 489: 207: 4648: 3638: 1088:, calling it "semi-semi-automatic" that needed to be prohibited as a "rapid-fire weapon". 8: 6714: 6697: 6599: 6541: 6263: 6246: 6064: 6007: 5995: 5990: 5968: 5854: 5818: 5721: 5696: 5659: 5597: 5513: 5022: 3997: 3477:

Shotguns used by military, police, and other government agencies are regulated under the

3243: 3209: 3176: 3072: 2870:

Of Fowling Pieces, those are reputed the best, which have the longest Barrel, vis. from 5

2701: 2689: 2383: 2371: 2043: 1601: 1597: 1056: 812:

was manufactured between 1839 and 1841. Later, the Colt Model 1855 Shotgun, based on the

606: 391: 301: 172: 4662: 4433: 3191:

used pump shotguns to guard ships when in port in Chinese harbors (e.g., Shanghai). The

3140:

even filed an official diplomatic protest against their use, alleging they violated the

327:) were widely used by European militaries from the 17th until the mid-19th century. The 6929: 6875: 6836: 6536: 6526: 6338: 6326: 5944: 5726: 5533: 5503: 5167: 4889: 4535: 4059:"NIJ : Research for Practice : Impact Munitions Use: Types, Targets, Effects" 3595:

Admin. (2023, January 18). 17th century weapons: Historical weapons. Exquisite Knives.

3424: 3188: 3118: 2996: 2831: 2760: 1101: 927: 645:

magazine, which is then topped off with another round. Well-known examples include the

565: 2485:) due to concerns about their potential lethality. The round is named in reference to 253:

ranging from 5.5 mm (.22 inch) to up to 5 cm (2.0 in), though the

7053: 6646: 6641: 6594: 6531: 6516: 6311: 6114: 6079: 5934: 5894: 5842: 5674: 5558: 5314: 5238: 5208: 5172: 5162: 5120: 4954: 4705: 4670: 4623: 4600: 4581: 4562: 4508: 4038: 3929: 3748: 3721: 3694: 3667: 3542: 3271: 3180: 3029: 3021: 3009: 2736: 2727: 2477: 2442: 2205: 2028: 1208: 1065: 1001: 966: 910:

actions are other popular methods of increasing the rate of fire of a shotgun; these

625: 621: 506: 309: 282: 274: 109: 4407: 3960: 3571: 727:, designed by John Browning at the behest of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. 313: 6973: 6890: 6828: 6677: 6571: 6471: 6461: 6428: 6363: 6069: 5929: 5813: 5711: 5706: 5528: 5476: 5334: 5324: 5254: 5195: 5066: 4792: 4697: 4163: 3949:

http://soldiersystems.net/2012/11/23/x-caliber-survival-rifle-gauge-adapter-system/

3532: 3517: 3125:. After World War I, the United States military began referring to all shotguns as 3104: 2979:

During its long history, the shotgun has been favored by bird hunters, guards, and

2617: 2401: 2175: 2058: 1608: 1581: 1182: 1113: 1085: 1069: 1020: 899: 748: 724: 712: 633: 598: 399: 250: 235: 4616: 4389: 2517:

Series of individual 1/1,000,000-second exposures showing shotgun firing shot and

996:

Some of the more interesting advances in shotgun technology include the versatile

261:(15.63 mm or 0.615 in) bores are by far the most common. Almost all are 6961: 6956: 6763: 6753: 6636: 6614: 6343: 6129: 6074: 5798: 5607: 5481: 5466: 5446: 5259: 5127: 5044: 5027: 4990: 4927: 4917: 4058: 3487: 3483: 3471: 3443: 3141: 3088: 3025: 2904: 2799: 2744: 2740: 2567: 2395: 2085:

system consists of eight adapter sleeves that allow the 12-gauge models to fire:

1052: 970: 946: 772: 560: 465: 457: 434: 426: 352: 348: 270: 177: 4459: 4266:"Shotgun Home Defense Ammunition, .357 SIG – A Solution in Search of a Problem?" 4087: 957:

cartridges, have insufficient power to reliably cycle a semi-automatic shotgun.

383: 6501: 6321: 6171: 6089: 5914: 5869: 5743: 5679: 5669: 5580: 5538: 5508: 5429: 5218: 5088: 5009: 4983: 4934: 4101: 3527: 3455: 3304: 3133: 3113: 3049: 2961: 2953: 2803: 2776: 2768: 2713: 2693: 2628:

of the particular ammunition used to ensure an effective and humane kill shot.

2579: 2530: 2300: 2296: 2167:

are the most commonly used round, filled with lead or lead substitute pellets.

2003: 931: 820: 696: 672: 574: 481: 473: 469: 446: 442: 422: 414: 364: 4643: 4243: 4030: 719:

Early attempts at repeating shotguns invariably centred around either bolt-or

7047: 6702: 6161: 6119: 5791: 5751: 5731: 5691: 5639: 5627: 5612: 5486: 5471: 5344: 5281: 5269: 5103: 5093: 5083: 5078: 5061: 5032: 4944: 4864: 3361: 3340:

An RCMP officer in 2010 armed with a shotgun outfitted to fire beanbag rounds

3137: 3068: 2957: 2921: 2792: 2616:

shotgun with a rifled slug or, alternatively, a rifled barrel shotgun with a

2591: 2583: 2571: 2163: 2138: 2118: 1620: 1048: 1028: 997: 986: 919: 847: 650: 477: 407: 403: 340: 262: 215: 6546: 6183: 4530: 735:

cartridges getting crushed and becoming unusable, or even damaging the gun.

297: 6908: 6900: 6780: 6719: 6689: 6669: 6476: 6301: 6151: 5909: 5904: 5879: 5874: 5859: 5786: 5701: 5649: 5634: 5602: 5491: 5286: 5233: 5132: 5073: 5049: 4827: 4807: 4797: 4787: 4783: 4309: 4265: 4236:"The Box O' Truth #3 – The Shotgun Meets the Box O' Truth The Box O' Truth" 3507: 3439: 3295: 3287: 3172: 3165: 3075:, Browning revolutionized shotgun design. In 1887, Browning introduced the 3017: 2868:

Fowling Piece, a portable Fire Arm for the shooting of Birds. See Fire Arm.

2780: 2717: 2685: 2551: 2513: 2465:, and is designed as a non-lethal ammunition ideally used in small spaces. 2231: 2200: 1163: 1105: 990: 907: 892: 831: 720: 665: 654: 540: 532: 492:", thrown in various ways by a dedicated launching device called a "trap". 454: 450: 438: 410:

is divided among the pellets, leaving each individual projectile with less

328: 293: 219: 2311: 2143: 887: 6917: 6912: 6609: 6456: 6396: 6268: 6251: 6124: 6099: 6012: 5949: 5919: 5889: 5864: 5828: 5803: 5771: 5761: 5756: 5644: 5622: 5456: 5424: 5329: 5228: 5149: 4869: 3421: 3312: 3291: 3226: 3100: 3000: 2838: 2784: 2772: 2489:, which use two or more weighted balls on a rope to trap cattle or game. 2435: 2421: 2329: 2274: 2236:

inhabited areas, where rifles are prohibited due to their greater range.

2223: 2106: 2098: 2094: 2007: 1587: 1081: 1073: 1032: 954: 759: 680: 676: 430: 418: 331: 317: 278: 239: 3885: 3796:"Push to import new 'rapid-fire' shotgun into Australia sparks concerns" 2999:

employed shotguns. U.S. cavalry used the shotgun extensively during the

2967:

As wing shooting has been a prestige sport, specialty gunsmiths such as

2461:

is a type of shotgun shell which contains sixteen 00-buck balls made of

6818: 6813: 6785: 6673: 6566: 6506: 6496: 6379: 6306: 6278: 6206: 6044: 5980: 5808: 5664: 5523: 5498: 5461: 5414: 4995: 4939: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4772: 4743: 3512: 3447: 3222: 3204:. The break-open action, single barrel shotgun was used by the British 3080: 2887: 2625: 2613: 2603: 2340: 2122: 2110: 2102: 1174:/.410 rounds; but as with derringers they are not considered shotguns. 1024: 950: 935: 684: 637: 629: 578: 559:

Another, less commonly encountered type of break-action shotgun is the

510: 398:

inside the shell and scatter upon leaving the barrel, which is usually

394:. The shot pellets from a shotshell are propelled indirectly through a 387: 379: 227: 223: 2688:, especially for crowd and riot control where they may be loaded with 1051:

produces the Véloce shotgun, a "lever-release blowback firearm" using

154:

Silhouettes of several shotguns of different types and configurations:

6413: 6408: 6391: 6316: 6273: 6094: 6049: 5884: 5684: 5590: 5585: 5563: 5419: 5339: 5274: 5213: 4912: 4844: 4802: 2968: 2822: 2796: 2764: 2681: 2282: 2268: 2187: 2090: 2082: 2032: 1178: 1159: 1155: 1124: 1012: 870: 843: 768: 613: 581:

cartridge. Although very rare, drillings with three and even four (a

545: 367:

to great effect. Since then, shotguns have been used in a variety of

211: 51: 6870: 6858: 6401: 6285: 6241: 6231: 6226: 6202: 5954: 5939: 5543: 5434: 5098: 4949: 4907: 4859: 4812: 3822:"Calls to ban Verney-Carron's fast lever action rifle in Australia" 3321: 3230: 3152: 3108: 3033: 2941: 2929: 2842: 2788: 2535: 2482: 2344: 2194: 2148: 2126: 2086: 2036: 1225: 1216: 1212: 1140: 1136: 1061: 1041: 939: 866: 744: 549: 375: 258: 254: 200: 3336: 2306: 573:, but examples do exist with different caliber barrels, usually a 6741: 6433: 6348: 6256: 6236: 6214: 6054: 5781: 5441: 5115: 4899: 4854: 4849: 4817: 4721: 4693: 4659:, October 1947, p. 196–200. Excellent diagrams and drawings. 3308: 3045: 2992: 2972: 2932:. It was noted as part of the "frontier language of the West" by 2795:

environments. Some U.S. units in Iraq used shotguns with special

2609: 2518: 2292: 2186:. Larger sizes are used for hunting larger upland game birds and 2114: 1612: 1593: 1487: 1240: 1120: 740: 692: 688: 570: 395: 335: 246: 231: 203: 3769:"New "semi-semi-automatic" firearms fresh risk to public safety" 2227:

50 yards (46 m) with a 20" diameter grouping of the balls.

6551: 6443: 6358: 6156: 4922: 4822: 4753: 3771:. David Shoebridge – Media release. 8 June 2018. Archived from 3275: 3263: 2980: 2890: 2846: 2722: 2544: 2425: 2354: 1036: 923: 858: 824: 371:

roles in civilian, law enforcement, and military applications.

324: 214:, which discharges numerous small spherical projectiles called 31: 3225:, American and French jungle patrols used shotguns during the 1143:

hunting, to kill large numbers of birds resting on the water.

445:

and large number of projectiles makes the shotgun useful as a

417:. The lack of spin stabilization and the generally suboptimal 5374: 5369: 5354: 5309: 5005: 3998:"High Explosive: Innovations in Ammunition – Army Technology" 3744:

The Gun Digest Book of Centerfire Rifles Assembly/Disassembly

3495: 2752: 2677: 2555:

likely to produce a disabling wound than a rifle or handgun.

2486: 2462: 2183: 2152: 1198: 1171: 781: 2730:

trooper in Singapore armed with a folding stock pump shotgun

2414:

non-combatants that may be standing behind a breached door.

3234: 2917:

feet) for fowling pieces, shorter than the typical musket.

2578:

Some of the most common uses of shotguns are the sports of

2179: 1150:

Bond Arms Cowboy Defender .45 Colt/.410 Shotshell Derringer

707: 485: 150: 37:

This article is about the type of gun. For other uses, see

4386:"SMALL ARMS IN IRAQ: WHAT WORKED, WHAT SUCKED WHAT A HOAX" 3849:. Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia. 7 June 2018 2991:

During the 19th century, shotguns were mainly employed by

1096: 800: 539:

For most of the history of the shotgun, the breechloading

273:. Like rifles, shotguns also come in a range of different 5359: 5319: 4748: 4733: 4692: 3258: 2347:. Other variations launch a gas-grenade-like projectile. 930:

beginning in 1902. Other well-known examples include the

601:, one of the first successful pump-action shotgun designs 351:. The military value of shotguns was rediscovered in the 4370:

Bruce N. Canfield (May 2004). "Give Us More Shotguns!".

4157:"Safety Equipment : Owner's Manual : Mossberg" 3666:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 198, 209. 3597:

https://exquisiteknives.com/common-17th-century-weapons/

3278:, as it is more easily concealed than a normal shotgun. 1190:

in shot pattern due to reduced deformation of the shot.

989:

rifle design, originally designed by British arms maker

6668: 3242:

specifically for the law enforcement market. Recently,

296:

shotguns are by far the most common variants. Although

3032:, requiring less skill on the part of the user than a 382:

loads for heavier projectiles without as much risk of

3747:. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. p. 310. 1607:

A constriction in the end of the barrel known as the

842:. It comes in the original combination chambering of 3099:

The decline in military use of shotguns reversed in

1060:

it as a "manual repeating shotgun". When Australian

834:

revolver along with its Australian partner company,

300:

do exist, most modern repeating shotguns are either

4230: 4228: 4102:"Raoul Moat Taser Company Director "Kills Himself"" 3412:also no rules regarding the storage of ammunition. 2255: 234:on the inner wall, but rifled barrels for shooting 76:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4615: 4507:. Cfc-cafc.gc.ca. 31 December 2008. Archived from 4432:. Cfc-cafc.gc.ca. 31 December 2008. Archived from 3942: 3490:to reduce overall length even more when required. 3136:, the American shotguns were extremely effective. 2277:packed their own flechette shotgun rounds, called 1011:In 1925, Rodolfo Cosmi produced the first working 4613: 4369: 4211:"Public Act 92-0423 of the 92nd General Assembly" 3961:https://www.tactical-life.com/firearms/x-caliber/ 3923: 3693:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 50. 3233:, and saw limited use in tank crews. Many modern 3121:. Those without such modifications were known as 2547:for its low penetration and high stopping power. 2170:Of this general class, the most common subset is 7045: 4594: 4225: 3906: 3867: 3714:Jones, Richard D.; White, Andrew (27 May 2008). 2948:has changed little since the development of the 2751:have used shotguns since their inception at the 632:. A pump-action shotgun is typically fed from a 6989:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 4288:"Problem while searching in History of Science" 3215: 2307:Less-lethal rounds, for riot and animal control 2806:when making a surprise entry into a dwelling. 2315:Two rounds of Fiocchi 12-gauge rubber buckshot 636:underneath the barrel, which also serves as a 460:. Militants or insurgents may use shotguns in 4678: 4483:"Government extends gun-registration amnesty" 4024: 3951:X-CALIBER Survival-Rifle Gauge Adapter System 3707: 2767:. Shotguns were modified for and used in the 2072: 830:Taurus manufactures a carbine variant of the 374:The smoothbore shotgun barrel generates less 5392: 4448: 4127: 4125: 4123: 3847:"French hunting shotgun choking on red tape" 3734: 3324:of acquiring one. For more information, see 2809: 1064:tried to import the Véloce shotgun in 2018, 6201: 4575: 4556: 4480: 4043:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2903:feet). On the other hand, records from the 347:, which were far more accurate with longer 323:Preceding smoothbore firearms (such as the 4685: 4671: 3713: 3680: 3016:killed two men with a shotgun; his friend 620:) is manually moved back-and-forth like a 27:Firearm loaded with a cartridge of pellets 4120: 3819: 3793: 3740: 3364:firearms. These shotguns require special 3077:Model 1887 Lever Action Repeating Shotgun 1232:Table of American standard birdshot size 865:) is a shotgun fed by a 5-round internal 767:in India also manufactured a single-shot 343:rifled firearms shooting spin-stabilized 136:Learn how and when to remove this message 4458:. Canada Firearms Centre. Archived from 3434: 3335: 3257: 3151: 2944:, were used for commercial hunting. The 2821: 2721: 2562: 2512: 2310: 2142: 2077:Shotguns are well suited for the use of 1197: 1145: 1095: 886: 799: 706: 592: 526: 218:, or a single solid projectile called a 149: 4580:. Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. 4033:on 29 October 2021 – via YouTube. 3686: 3653: 3494:transfer with a $ 5 tax stamp from the 2907:show a maximum length of 137 cm (4 2246: 1630:for a 12-gauge shotgun using lead shot 14: 7046: 4345:"Automatic Weapons:French Forerunners" 3062: 3039: 914:shotguns are generally referred to as 6667: 6200: 5391: 4771: 4770: 4666: 3609:"Mossberg & Sons | Products" 977:also exist, but they are still rare. 257:(18.53 mm or 0.729 in) and 222:. Shotguns are most commonly used as 4649:Shotgun sabot separation photography 4559:Shotgunning, The Art and the Science 3659: 2468: 2376:eXtended Range Electronic Projectile 1653:in a 76 cm (30 in) circle 1575: 206:designed to shoot a straight-walled 74:adding citations to reliable sources 45: 3196:for these duties were the 12-gauge 2920:Shot was also used in warfare; the 2420:are low-powered rounds that fire a 2353:shells are hand loaded with coarse 1170:, that are capable of shooting the 245:Shotguns come in a wide variety of 24: 4561:. New Jersey: New Win Publishing. 3350:Possession and Acquisition Licence 2804:blow the locks or hinges off doors 2700:. Shotguns are also often used as 2646: 2574:finals at the 2008 Summer Olympics 1019:The Italian firearms manufacturer 25: 7065: 4637: 3907:Hearst Magazines (October 1947). 3868:Hearst Magazines (October 1947). 3794:Carbonell, Rachel (30 May 2018). 3663:Standard Catalog of Colt Firearms 3382: 3132:Due to the cramped conditions of 2837:Most early firearms, such as the 2791:, being popular with soldiers in 2787:. Shotguns were also used in the 2374:announced in 2007 a new 12-gauge 1139:. These were used for commercial 1000:and fully automatics such as the 876: 495: 3913:. Hearst Magazines. p. 196. 3874:. Hearst Magazines. p. 197. 3820:Wahlquist, Calla (30 May 2018). 3717:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide 5e 3430: 2964:, as well as with many hunters. 2655: 2608:The shotgun is popular for bird 2389:standoff with Raoul Moat in 2010 2256:Hunting, defensive, and military 2022: 1202:U.S. Marines fire their shotguns 1160:Snake Slayer and Cowboy Defender 1047:The French firearm manufacturer 869:cylinder. It is produced by the 513:or the way the gun is reloaded. 50: 4599:. Alabama: Countrysport Press. 4523: 4497: 4474: 4422: 4396: 4378: 4363: 4337: 4324: 4302: 4280: 4258: 4203: 4181: 4149: 4094: 4076: 4051: 4018: 4004: 3990: 3966: 3954: 3917: 3900: 3878: 3861: 3839: 3813: 3787: 3637:. Gun-tests.com. Archived from 3253: 2986: 2763:often issued them to a squad's 2476:rounds are made of two or more 1228:" (Swanshot gauge) cartridges. 702: 516: 61:needs additional citations for 4242:. 13 June 2014. Archived from 4162:. Mossberg.com. Archived from 4025:Haloskulls117 (29 June 2010). 3761: 3720:. HarperCollins. p. 355. 3627: 3611:. Mossberg.com. Archived from 3601: 3589: 3564: 1035:) that do not generate enough 754: 588: 265:, and can be single barreled, 13: 1: 6854:Firearms by country 6769:Civilian Marksmanship Program 4622:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 4310:"Firearms in Plymouth Colony" 3553: 3193:United States Army Air Forces 3094: 2755:level, often in the hands of 2451:#50298 marine line launcher. 2132: 711:A modern reproduction of the 585:) shotgun barrels were made. 285:. For non-repeating designs, 226:firearms, meaning that their 4654:"Shotgun Chokes and Gauges." 3687:Cutshaw, Charles Q. (2011). 3538:Military 12-gauge cartridges 3281: 3216:Late 20th century to present 2680:. Shotguns are also used in 2498:distraction/disorientation. 960: 359:forces used the pump-action 7: 7025:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 6923:Campaign Against Arms Trade 4481:Tim Naumetz (14 May 2008). 4406:. Taser.com. Archived from 4290:. Digicoll.library.wisc.edu 4189:"The 2007 Florida Statutes" 3501: 2707: 2558: 1168:Smith & Wesson Governor 795: 10: 7070: 6979:High-capacity magazine ban 6105:Mean time between failures 3928:. Thomas. pp. 91–94. 3924:Roger H. Robinson (1973). 3373:Canadian Firearms Registry 3366:Authorization to Transport 2817: 2711: 2669:police armed with shotguns 2601: 2597: 2136: 2079:caliber conversion sleeves 2073:Caliber conversion sleeves 2026: 2015:a limited effective zone. 1655:at 37 m (40 yd) 1585: 1579: 1497:000 or LG ("triple-aught") 1111: 880: 840:Taurus/Rossi Circuit Judge 814:Model 1855 revolving rifle 520: 36: 29: 6997: 6947: 6938: 6899: 6827: 6779: 6708:Household ownership rates 6688: 6663: 6585: 6442: 6387: 6378: 6294: 6222: 6213: 6196: 6037: 5976: 5967: 5850: 5841: 5742: 5410: 5401: 5387: 5299: 5247: 5204: 5190: 5148: 5018: 5004: 4898: 4779: 4766: 4717: 4713: 4595:Michael McIntosh (1999). 4312:. Plymoutharch.tripod.com 3926:The Police Shotgun Manual 3741:Muramatsu, Kevin (2013). 3548:Shotgun (shooting sports) 3387:In the United Kingdom, a 3331: 3326:Gun politics in Australia 2995:units. Both sides of the 2981:law enforcement officials 2810:Home and personal defense 2704:devices to defeat locks. 2382:, which contains a small 2006:, primarily those of the 1508:00 or SG ("double-aught") 862: 500: 390:, and are also easier to 345:cylindro-conoidal bullets 3103:. American forces under 1220:(4.6 mm, 0.18 in). 1091: 980: 695:cartridge), allowing a " 425:, giving shotguns short 404:cluster of impact points 378:and thus allows greater 39:Shotgun (disambiguation) 30:Not to be confused with 7009:by U.S. state 6419:Overpressure ammunition 6354:Improved Military Rifle 6060:Circular error probable 4979:Personal defence weapon 4614:Jack O'Connor (1965) . 4456:"Transporting Firearms" 4332:Blue Book of Gun Values 3523:Double-barreled shotgun 3486:or will have a folding 3354:Possession-Only License 3317:semi-automatic shotguns 2946:double-barreled shotgun 2508: 1663:Total spread at 40 yds 1628:Table of shotgun chokes 1479:Table of buckshot size 1193: 810:Colt Model 1839 Shotgun 523:Double-barreled shotgun 484:, which involve flying 195:, or historically as a 158:double-barreled shotgun 6703:Civilian gun ownership 6232:Firing (Shooting) 4268:. Firearmstactical.com 3450: 3442:skeet shooting with a 3402:is not a revolver gun. 3341: 3266: 3168: 3146:judge advocate general 2884: 2834: 2830:cavalryman during the 2739:. In a naval setting, 2731: 2575: 2522: 2316: 2156: 2155:semi-automatic shotgun 1203: 1151: 1109: 896: 895:semi-automatic shotgun 883:Semi-automatic shotgun 827:as the Streetsweeper. 805: 790:C-More Competition M26 765:Rifle Factory Ishapore 731:discontinued in 1920. 716: 602: 536: 462:asymmetric engagements 269:, or in the form of a 242:) are also available. 180: 6177:Handgun effectiveness 6110:Minute of Angle (MOA) 5986:Ballistic coefficient 4962:Semi-automatic pistol 4541:The National Archives 4430:"Prohibited Firearms" 3479:National Firearms Act 3464:National Firearms Act 3438: 3339: 3261: 3185:United States Marines 3155: 2934:James Fenimore Cooper 2865: 2825: 2725: 2602:Further information: 2566: 2516: 2321:Flexible baton rounds 2314: 2299:(HE), High Explosive 2146: 2027:Further information: 1658:Total spread at 37 m 1201: 1149: 1104:soldier armed with a 1099: 1078:Gun Control Australia 890: 803: 771:shotgun based on the 710: 647:Winchester Model 1897 609:, a linearly sliding 596: 530: 369:close quarters combat 361:Winchester Model 1897 168:Winchester Model 1897 163:Winchester Model 1887 153: 6794:in the United States 6452:Armour piercing 6013:Rangefinding/keeping 5925:Push/Controlled feed 5717:Synchronization gear 5452:Blank-firing adapter 5303: or famous 4576:Elmer Keith (1950). 4557:Bob Brister (1976). 4145:on 4 September 2012. 4133:"FRAG-12 fact sheet" 3974:"FRAG-12 fact sheet" 3635:"April, 97 Browning" 3446:525 on the range at 3158:United States Marine 3071:. While working for 3056:Daniel Myron LeFever 2247:Specialty ammunition 1466:2.03 mm (.080") 1452:2.29 mm (.090") 1438:2.41 mm (.100") 1424:2.79 mm (.110") 1410:3.05 mm (.120") 1396:3.30 mm (.130") 1382:3.56 mm (.140") 1368:3.81 mm (.150") 1354:4.06 mm (.160") 1340:4.32 mm (.170") 1326:4.57 mm (.180") 1312:4.83 mm (.190") 1298:5.08 mm (.200") 1284:5.33 mm (.210") 1270:5.59 mm (.220") 1256:5.84 mm (.230") 926:, first produced by 852:.44 Remington Magnum 715:lever-action shotgun 607:pump-action shotguns 554:clay pigeon shooting 320:to a lesser extent. 70:improve this article 6886:Privately made 6849:Firearm brands 6735:State firearms 6715:Exhibition shooting 6698:Celebratory gunfire 6557:Plastic tipped 6487:High explosive 6008:Physics of firearms 4531:"Firearms Act 1968" 4462:on 15 November 2007 4410:on 3 September 2008 4351:on 22 December 2021 4027:"The AA-12 shotgun" 3660:Sapp, Rick (2007). 3389:Shotgun Certificate 3244:Taser International 3212:12-gauge shotguns. 3210:Winchester Model 37 3198:Winchester Model 97 3073:Winchester Firearms 3063:John Moses Browning 3040:Hammerless shotguns 2384:electroshock weapon 2372:Taser International 2044:internal ballistics 1631: 1598:shotgun shot spread 1480: 1248:Pellets/10 g steel 1233: 1207:by Federal law for 6984:Right to bear arms 6930:Featureless rifles 6876:Improvised firearm 6837:3D printed firearm 6725:United States 6620:Fully powered 6527:Total metal jacket 6167:Stock measurements 4890:Underwater firearm 4786: versus 4536:legislation.gov.uk 4000:. 12 January 2011. 3775:on 29 October 2020 3451: 3342: 3267: 3189:United States Navy 3169: 3119:United States Army 3022:shotgun messengers 2997:American Civil War 2835: 2832:American Civil War 2732: 2576: 2523: 2324:, commonly called 2317: 2281:after the similar 2157: 1651:Percentage of shot 1627: 1566:6.1 mm (.24") 1555:6.4 mm (.25") 1544:6.9 mm (.27") 1533:7.6 mm (.30") 1522:8.1 mm (.32") 1511:8.4 mm (.33") 1500:9.1 mm (.36") 1492:Pellets/10 g lead 1478: 1245:Pellets/10 g lead 1231: 1204: 1152: 1110: 1102:United States Army 967:automatic shotguns 945:Some, such as the 928:Fabrique Nationale 897: 806: 717: 603: 537: 298:revolving shotguns 181: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7032: 6998:United States Gun 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6542:Hollow point 6467:Full metal jacket 6374: 6373: 6332:Tubes and Primers 6192: 6191: 6142:Power factor 6080:Gun harmonisation 6033: 6032: 5963: 5962: 5837: 5836: 5819:Night vision 5383: 5382: 5295: 5294: 5209:Automatic shotgun 5186: 5185: 4773:Types of firearms 4762: 4761: 4657:Popular Mechanics 4629:978-0-394-50138-3 4606:978-0-924357-79-4 4587:978-0-935632-58-3 4568:978-0-8329-1840-7 4436:on 20 August 2007 4392:on 10 April 2009. 4372:American Rifleman 3986:on 13 April 2008. 3935:978-0-398-02630-1 3910:Popular Mechanics 3871:Popular Mechanics 3754:978-1-4402-3544-3 3727:978-0-06-137408-1 3700:978-1-4402-2709-7 3673:978-1-4402-2697-7 3615:on 14 August 2012 3272:sawed-off shotgun 3181:French Resistance 3030:American Old West 3010:American Old West 2886:For example, the 2728:Gurkha Contingent 2469:Novelty and other 2295:, which comes in 2176:upland game birds 2029:Sawed-off shotgun 1996: 1995: 1853:Improved Modified 1751:Improved Cylinder 1576:Pattern and choke 1573: 1572: 1476: 1475: 1209:waterfowl hunting 1002:Pancor Jackhammer 850:, as well as the 804:Closeup of MTs255 488:disks, known as " 187:(also known as a 146: 145: 138: 120: 16:(Redirected from 7061: 6945: 6944: 6891:Small arms trade 6829:Firearm industry 6680:, and 6665: 6664: 6537:Hollow base 6385: 6384: 6364:Smokeless powder 6220: 6219: 6198: 6197: 6147:Precision-guided 5974: 5973: 5848: 5847: 5655:Rail system 5529:Flash suppressor 5408: 5407: 5389: 5388: 5335:Winchester rifle 5325:Antique firearms 5255:20-gauge shotgun 5202: 5201: 5016: 5015: 4768: 4767: 4715: 4714: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4633: 4621: 4618:The Shotgun Book 4610: 4591: 4572: 4545: 4544: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4388:. Archived from 4382: 4376: 4375: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4347:. Archived from 4341: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4246:on 18 March 2014 4240:The Box O' Truth 4232: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4169:on 14 April 2008 4168: 4161: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4138:. Archived from 4137: 4129: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4108:. 1 October 2010 4098: 4092: 4091: 4090:on 25 June 2009. 4086:. Archived from 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4034: 4029:. Archived from 4022: 4016: 4015: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3979:. Archived from 3978: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3888:. Chuckhawks.com 3882: 3876: 3875: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3568: 3518:List of shotguns 3105:General Pershing 3026:"riding shotgun" 2916: 2915: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2800:breaching rounds 2737:boarding parties 2659: 2459: 2458: 2396:Breaching rounds 2221: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2059:angular momentum 1864: 1863: 1859: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1632: 1626: 1582:Choke (firearms) 1481: 1477: 1234: 1230: 1114:Gauge (firearms) 1086:mainstream media 1070:David Shoebridge 1031:shells (such as 1021:Benelli Armi SpA 864: 725:Winchester M1887 713:Winchester M1887 634:tubular magazine 599:Winchester M1897 548:as well as some 458:defensive weapon 433:without risking 427:effective ranges 349:effective ranges 171:Semi-automatic: 141: 134: 130: 127: 121: 119: 78: 54: 46: 21: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7029: 6993: 6962:Concealed carry 6957:Assault weapons 6952:Air travel 6934: 6911: and 6895: 6823: 6783: 6775: 6764:Shooting sports 6754:Pistol duelling 6684: 6651: 6615:Rifle cartridge 6581: 6522:Supercavitating 6517:Soft point 6438: 6370: 6344:Ball propellant 6290: 6209: 6188: 6184:Twist rate 6075:Gun chronograph 6065:Effective range 6029: 5959: 5930:Recoil-operated 5833: 5738: 5397: 5379: 5365:Colt Peacemaker 5291: 5265:Dragon's breath 5260:Breaching round 5243: 5224:Double-barreled 5182: 5158:General purpose 5144: 5000: 4894: 4835:Multiple-barrel 4775: 4758: 4709: 4691: 4640: 4630: 4607: 4588: 4569: 4548: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4511:on 30 July 2007 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4330:Fjestad, S. P. 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4036: 4035: 4023: 4019: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3922: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3641:on 25 July 2008 3633: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3556: 3533:Shotgun wedding 3504: 3444:Browning Citori 3433: 3405: 3385: 3334: 3284: 3274:, especially a 3256: 3218: 3164:shotgun during 3142:laws of warfare 3097: 3089:Browning Auto-5 3065: 3042: 2989: 2928:was in 1776 in 2913: 2909: 2908: 2905:Plymouth colony 2899: 2895: 2894: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2820: 2812: 2745:military police 2741:stainless steel 2720: 2710: 2692:rounds such as 2673: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2649: 2647:Law enforcement 2606: 2600: 2568:Vincent Hancock 2561: 2545:law enforcement 2511: 2494:Dragon's breath 2471: 2456: 2455: 2399:, often called 2366:rubber buckshot 2309: 2258: 2249: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2151:shells into an 2141: 2135: 2075: 2039: 2025: 2004:combat shotguns 1861: 1857: 1856: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1674: 1673:Effective range 1669: 1668:Effective range 1664: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1641: 1636: 1629: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1519:0 ("one-aught") 1196: 1116: 1094: 1076:groups such as 1062:firearm dealers 1023:also makes the 1006:Auto-Assault 12 983: 973:(AA-12) or the 971:Auto Assault-12 963: 947:Franchi SPAS-12 885: 879: 798: 757: 705: 591: 561:combination gun 525: 519: 503: 498: 470:shooting sports 443:knockback force 435:overpenetration 365:trench fighting 353:First World War 310:fully automatic 271:combination gun 267:double barreled 178:Atchisson AA-12 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 142: 131: 125: 122: 79: 77: 67: 55: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7067: 7057: 7056: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6905: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6833: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6799:Assassinations 6796: 6790: 6788: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6744: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6591: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6394: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6322:Percussion cap 6319: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6194: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6172:Stopping power 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6090:Length of pull 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5915:Out-of-battery 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5539:Forward assist 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5509:Cocking handle 5506: 5501: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5393:Mechanics and 5385: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5277: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5219:Combat shotgun 5216: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5113: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5047: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5030: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4984:Submachine gun 4981: 4974:Pistol caliber 4971: 4970: 4969: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4718: 4711: 4710: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4651: 4646: 4639: 4638:External links 4636: 4635: 4634: 4628: 4611: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4573: 4567: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4546: 4522: 4496: 4473: 4447: 4421: 4395: 4377: 4362: 4336: 4323: 4301: 4279: 4257: 4224: 4202: 4191:. Flsenate.gov 4180: 4148: 4119: 4093: 4075: 4050: 4017: 4003: 3989: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3934: 3916: 3899: 3877: 3860: 3838: 3812: 3786: 3760: 3753: 3733: 3726: 3706: 3699: 3679: 3672: 3652: 3626: 3600: 3588: 3576:Dictionary.com 3562: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3528:Riding shotgun 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3456:assault weapon 3432: 3429: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3384: 3383:United Kingdom 3381: 3333: 3330: 3305:sport shooting 3283: 3280: 3255: 3252: 3217: 3214: 3179:, such as the 3162:Winchester M97 3134:trench warfare 3096: 3093: 3064: 3061: 3041: 3038: 2988: 2985: 2962:sporting clays 2866: 2819: 2816: 2811: 2808: 2769:trench warfare 2714:Combat shotgun 2709: 2706: 2694:rubber bullets 2664: 2663: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2599: 2596: 2588:sporting clays 2580:skeet shooting 2560: 2557: 2540:fully jacketed 2531:stopping power 2510: 2507: 2470: 2467: 2308: 2305: 2301:Armor-piercing 2297:High Explosive 2279:beehive rounds 2257: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2137:Main article: 2134: 2131: 2074: 2071: 2024: 2021: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1788:Light Modified 1786: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1649: 1646: 1645:American name 1643: 1638: 1637:(micrometres) 1580:Main article: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1195: 1192: 1112:Main article: 1093: 1090: 982: 979: 962: 959: 932:Remington 1100 904:inertia-driven 881:Main article: 878: 877:Semi-automatic 875: 821:Armsel Striker 797: 794: 756: 753: 704: 701: 673:9mm Parabellum 590: 587: 575:.22 long rifle 531:A view of the 521:Main article: 518: 515: 502: 499: 497: 496:Design factors 494: 482:sporting clays 455:close-quarters 447:door breaching 415:kinetic energy 306:semi automatic 287:over-and-under 161:Lever action: 156:Break action: 144: 143: 58: 56: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7066: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6881:Most-produced 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6782: 6778: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5910:Muzzleloading 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5875:Breechloading 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5640:Muzzle shroud 5638: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5628:Stripper clip 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5618:High-capacity 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345:Mauser rifles 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5270:Shotgun shell 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5023:Anti-materiel 5021: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4631: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4543:. 1968 c. 27. 4542: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4526: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4373: 4366: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4333: 4327: 4311: 4305: 4289: 4283: 4267: 4261: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4212: 4206: 4190: 4184: 4165: 4158: 4152: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4060: 4054: 4046: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4007: 3999: 3993: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3911: 3903: 3887: 3881: 3873: 3872: 3864: 3848: 3842: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3710: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3683: 3675: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3656: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3577: 3573: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3431:United States 3428: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362:grandfathered 3357: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3260: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069:John Browning 3060: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2958:trap shooting 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2922:buck and ball 2918: 2906: 2892: 2889: 2882: 2864: 2862: 2861:fowling piece 2858: 2857: 2852: 2851:fowling piece 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2815: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777:jungle combat 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:riot shotguns 2683: 2679: 2668: 2658: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2592:Olympic Games 2589: 2585: 2584:trap shooting 2581: 2573: 2570:in the men's 2569: 2565: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2407:Disintegrator 2404: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2139:Shotgun shell 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2119:.45 Long Colt 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2023:Barrel length 2020: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1650: 1648:British name 1647: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 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Ncjrs.gov 3892:19 February 3886:"410 Gauge" 3853:13 December 3831:13 December 3805:13 December 3779:13 December 3645:5 September 3619:19 February 3422:.22 caliber 3313:pump-action 3311:. However, 3303:), such as 3292:bolt-action 3262:A homemade 3227:Vietnam War 3160:carrying a 3114:trench guns 3101:World War I 3001:Indian Wars 2856:Cyclopaedia 2853:. 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