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170:
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1050:, particularly hunting and shooting, are more likely to conserve and reinstate woodlands and hedgerows because they are used by quarry species. A study in 2003 showed that they are around 2.5 times more likely to plant new woodlands than landowners without game or hunting interests, and also conserve a far greater woodland area. These habitats are essential for the persistence of a wide range of other British wildlife, and consequently it has been suggested that field sports can provide valuable tools for wildlife conservation in the UK, without the need for governmental subsidies or
440:. The total bag (number of birds shot) will be anywhere between 10 and 400, again dependent on the budget and quarry. The day may be very formal, and the head gamekeeper or a shoot captain will oversee proceedings. Great emphasis is placed on safety. Pickers-up with dogs are also employed to make sure all shot or wounded game is collected. On such estates, large numbers of pheasants, partridge and duck, but not grouse, are reared and released to provide sufficient numbers of game. Grouse cannot be reared intensively but the heather moorland where they live is intensively
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1105:, providing valuable food resources and refuge from predators. One study assessed the response of bird assemblages to the implementation of a multi-dimensional game management system on a farm in Leicestershire, England. It was found that the populations of several declining species increased significantly, suggesting that game management strategies may indeed play a major role in the conservation of wildlife in Britain, particularly threatened farmland
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436:, where beaters are employed to walk through woods and over moors or fields, dependent on the quarry and time of year and drive game towards a line of 8–10 standing guns standing about 50 or 60 metres apart. The guns will be members of a syndicate sharing costs, or have paid in the region of £25+ per bird for pheasants and much more for
454:
is typically happens in the form of a single gun sitting in pursuit of wildfowl by a body of water, or on the coastal foreshore, often at dawn or dusk, and waits for birds to "flight" in. This is sometimes undertaken in total darkness or by the light of the moon. Duck are also shot by the two methods
461:
was once popular in rural
Britain for both pest control and gaining food, wherein juvenile rooks living in rookeries, known as "branchers", were shot before they were able to fly. These events were both very social and a source of food (the rook becomes inedible once mature) as the rook and rabbit
1069:
has reported the conservation benefits of game management schemes in the UK, including woodlands with denser undergrowth and higher abundances of native birds. However, overall evidence that game shooting is beneficial to wider biodiversity has been inconclusive: high densities of game birds are
447:
Rough shooting, where several guns walk through a woodland, moor or field and shoot the birds their dogs put up, is increasingly popular. It is less formal and may be funded by several people grouping together to form a "syndicate", paying a certain amount each year towards pheasants, habitat
1120:
also provided a major incentive for woodland conservation and management throughout
England and Wales, with higher species diversity and abundance of plants and butterflies found in woodlands managed for foxes according to a survey of mounted hunts in 2006, verified by The Council of Hunting
239:
were relaxed by
Parliament in 1831, which meant anyone could obtain a permit to shoot rabbits, hares, and gamebirds, although shooting and taking away any birds or animals on someone else's land without their permission continued to count as the crime of
1005:
In the UK wildfowling is largely self-regulated. Their representative body, WAGBI (Wildfowlers
Association of Great Britain and Ireland), was founded in 1908 by Stanley Duncan in Hull. This Association changed its name in 1981 to become the
1913:
Stoate C, Szczur J, Aebische NJ. Winter use of wild bird cover crops by passerines on farmland in northeast
England: Declining farmland species were more abundant in these crops which can be matched to the birds' requirements.
1985:
1070:
known to negatively impact ecosystems, resulting in shorter grassland vegetation, lower floral diversity in semi-natural woodlands, fewer saplings in hedgerows leading from such woodlands, and possible reductions in
1026:
Mean ± SE numbers of birds recorded in 4 ha plots in woodlands managed for pheasants compared with unmanaged woodlands in southern
England. * indicates statistically significant difference. Created using data from
880:
or over wetlands, many wildfowlers are switching to modern guns with stronger engineering to allow the use of non-toxic ammunition such as steel or tungsten based cartridges. The most popular bore is the 12-gauge.
1002:" policies mean that wildfowlers' conservation areas are at risk. However, in most regions, good relationships exist between wildfowlers, conservationists, ramblers and other coastal area users.
1256:
2552:
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1993:
638:
Although there is no close season for hare outside
Northern Ireland, the Hare Preservation Act of 1892 makes it illegal to sell, or offer to sell, hare between 1 March and 31 July.
998:
Wildfowling has come under threat in recent years through legislation. Destruction of habitat also has played a large part in the decline of shooting areas, and recently in the UK "
81:. Firearm ownership is regulated in the UK by licensing. Provisions exist for those without a Firearm or Shotgun certificate to shoot under the supervision of a certificate holder.
912:, which they survive but result in lifelong suffering. Shooting from too far away also increases the risk of causing significant harm to ducks due to the increased spread of shot
2502:
1858:
Sage RB, Woodburn MIA, Draycott RAH, Hoodless AN, Clarke S. The flora and structure of farmland hedges and hedgebanks near to pheasant release pens compared with other hedges.
2750:
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2727:
1620:"Rates of Recovery of Bands, Harvest Patterns and Estimates for Black Duck, Chestnut Teal, Grey Teal and Mountain Duck Shot during Victorian Open Seasons, 1953-1977"
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1900:
Boatman ND, Stoate C, Watts PN. Practical management solutions for birds on lowland arable farmland 2000; In: Aebischer NJ, Evans AD, Grice PV, Vickery JA (eds.)
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2604:
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1802:
Ludolf IC, Robertson PA, Woodburn MIA. Changes in the ground flora and butterfly populations of woodlands managed to encourage pheasants. In: Buckey PJ (ed.)
1010:(BASC) and now represents all forms of live quarry shooting at European, national and local levels. There are also many wildfowling clubs around the coast of
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The rearing of both wild and released game birds requires the provision of food and shelter during the winter months, and to achieve this landowners plant
494:. This may take place high on moors, or from a "high seat" in woodland. Venison is also a highly popular meat with sales quadrupling in the UK in 2014.
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Draycott RAH, Hoodless AN, Cooke M, Sage RB. The influence of pheasant releaseing and associated management on farmland hedgerows and birds in
England.
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2559:
2345:
1007:
247:
Hunting was formerly a royal sport, and to an extent shooting still is, with many kings and queens being involved in hunting and shooting, including
70:
1970:
Ewald JA, Callegari SE, Kingdon NG, Graham NA. Fox-hunting in
England and Wales: its contribution to the management of woodland and other habitats.
413:, is found in the UK, on large, traditional driven shoots on estates and on small-scale rough shoots. Shooting of game birds is carried out using a
1222:
is a small country property specifically used for organising hunting parties. It can also be called a hunting box, shooting box or shooting lodge.
292:) did not shoot. Shooting on the large estates of Scotland has always been a fashionable country sport. This trend is generally attributed to the
643:
2324:
1097:, these are planted in strips alongside arable land. Cover crops are also utilised by a variety of nationally declining farmland birds such as
1530:
327:. In 2005 it became unlawful in England and Wales to shoot game birds while they are not in flight, an action which has long been considered
1828:
Callegari SE, Bonham E, Hoodless AN, Sage RB, Holloway GJ. Impact of game bird release on the Adonis blue butterfly
Polyommatus bellargus (
1199:
231:
culled competitive species such as foxes, magpies and birds of prey almost to extirpation in popular areas, and landowners improved their
830:
are no longer shot regularly, due to a continuing decline in numbers and those that are shot are most likely to be females mistaken for
151:
1575:"The Incidence of Lead Shotgun Pellets in Waterfowl (Anatidae and Rallidae) Examined in South-Eastern Australia Between 1957 and 1973"
319:
in 2005, but continues in certain accepted forms. Traditional foxhunting continues in Northern Ireland. Following a trail (similar to
2018:
1354:, a keen hunter, who kept the breed pure. Vulpine hounds are named after the fact that they are a cross between dogs and foxes ."
850:
are also shot, but not as much as in the past; they have a closed season that follows the wildfowl season and are classed as game.
360:
315:
in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Hunting with hounds in the traditional manner became unlawful in Scotland in 2002 and in
2426:
2061:
1709:
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1467:
1251:
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1845:
Sage RB, Ludolf C, Robertston PA. The ground flora of ancient semi-natural woodlands in pheasant release pens on England.
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that survive. As ducks often fly in flocks, there is a potential for multiple ducks to be hit when hunters shoot into the
1231:
282:
1077:
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2029:
1374:
1174:
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Cover crops such as maize are planted in strips to provide forage and shelter for game birds during the winter months
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507:
426:
228:
1940:
Sage RB, Parish DMB, Woodburn MIA, Thompson PGL. Songbirds using crops planted on farmland as cover for game birds.
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642:
are not included in the definition, but similar controls provided to those in the Game Act apply to deer (from the
248:
840:
are no longer shot in the UK, as they are now protected (Scotland only) due to a long-term decline in population.
1815:
Draycott RAH, Hoodless AN, Sage RB. Effects of pheasant management on vegetation and birds in lowland woodlands.
1276:
824:, which can be shot for the sole purposes of conservation, public health or safety or to prevent serious damage.
267:
1228:
The lodge may have a special room for hanging game and a gun room where guns were lodged and ammunition stored.
2019:
The Science and Sociology of Hunting: Shifting Practices and Perceptions in the United States and Great Britain
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Such places might be quite separate or detached from the main property, or in a different part of the country.
1156:
1028:
323:) rather than a live quarry has subsequently grown in importance in Great Britain, as has hunting foxes with a
259:
861:
Wild ducks and geese are shot over foreshores and inland and coastal marshes in Europe. Birds are shot with a
2689:
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typically dies and falls to the ground. However, ducks on the periphery of the shot may still be hit by some
1431:
1750:
Oldfield TEE, Smith RJ, Harrop SR, Leader-Williams N. Field sports and conservation in the United Kingdom.
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Landowners undertake management measures to improve habitats for quarry species, including shrub planting,
17:
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154:
breed. The Romans brought their Castorian and Fulpine hound breeds to England, along with importing the
2419:
2054:
1927:
Henderson IG, Vickery JA, Carter N. The use of winter bird crops by farmland birds in lowland England.
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263:
223:
were improved during the 18th and 19th centuries and game shooting became more popular. To protect the
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Only certain 'quarry' species of wildfowl may legally be shot in the UK, and are protected under the
1665:"Reducing wounding of game by shotgun hunting: effects of a Danish action plan on pink‐footed geese"
800:
The aforementioned species are those primarily pursued for game shooting. To this list can be added
397:
73:(BASC) over a million people a year participate in shooting, including stalking, shooting, hunting,
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Parish DMB, Sotherton NW. Game crops as summer habitat for farmland songbirds in Scotland.
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401:
Red-legged partridge shoot in Hampshire, England with guns at their respective pegs (2017)
8:
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116:
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297:
217:. By the end of the 17th century, many organised packs were hunting both hare and fox.
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865:, and less commonly, a large single barreled gun mounted on a small boat, known as a
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The impact of releasing pheasants for shooting on invertebrates in British woodlands
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506:. Other (non-game) birds that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the
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1014:, often covering certain estuary areas where wildfowl are found in large numbers.
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105:
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1953:
Stoate C. Multifunctional use of a natural resource on farmland: wild pheasant (
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have shown there is a significant proportion of crippling losses with shotguns.
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foxes in the late 17th century, with the oldest such fox-hunt likely to be the
197:, in 1534, where farmers began chasing down foxes with their dogs as a form of
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with no qualification generally refers to hunting with hounds, e.g. normally
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Deer stalkers in Hampshire, England glassing the surroundings for roe deer
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1531:"Plans announced to phase out lead ammunition in bid to protect wildlife"
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1159: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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262:(who on 18 December 1913 shot over a thousand pheasants out of a total
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1257:
List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom
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for recording game and vermin killed on country estates, farms, etc.
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in the United Kingdom, however landowners that participate in
108:
societies before the domestication of animals and the dawn of
1090:
991:. Other common quarry targets for the wildfowler include the
530:
202:
893:
870:
639:
1957:) management and the conservation of farmland passerines.
1022:
2035:
British Association for Shooting and Conservation website
2034:
1904:. Tring, UK: British Ornithologists' Union; 2000. p43-54.
379:
Since the mid-18th century game keepers and hunters kept
131:
by driving them over cliffs; evidence has been found at
474:
Deer stalkers on Ardnamurchan Estate in Scotland (2017)
1793:. Fordingbridge, UK: The Game Conservancy Trust; 2003.
1663:
Noer, Henning; Madsen, Jesper; Hartmann, Poul (2007).
1234:, formerly known as The Great Standing, is located in
104:
since prehistoric times; it was a crucial activity of
1875:. Ph.D. Thesis. Bristol: University of Bristol; 2009.
935:
Snowden Slights 'the last of Yorkshire's Wildfowlers'
1902:Ecology and conservation of lowland farmland birds
1662:
296:, who were inspired by the romantic nature of the
2346:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
1560:Maple Tech: Maple in Mathematics and the Sciences
1350:, "Castorian hounds are so called because it was
1008:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
71:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
2788:
1736:Lost life: England's lost and threatened species
1017:
904:. The duck struck by the central cluster of the
687:Other birds and mammals shot in the UK include:
334:
173:"The Setting Dogg & Partridgs" (detail) by
142:In Britain, hunting with hounds was popular in
2325:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002
1780:. Bulletin 106. UK: Forestry Commission; 1992.
2420:
2055:
429:. Shooters are often referred to as "guns".
1983:
1738:. Worcester, England: Natural England; 2010.
1617:
1462:, The Crowood Press Ltd, Marlborough, 2006,
1446:"The UK's finest country sports publication"
1746:
1744:
1460:The classic British rook & rabbit rifle
892:, there is a risk of accidentally injuring
185:The earliest known attempt to specifically
2797:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
2427:
2413:
2351:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
2062:
2048:
502:In the UK "game" is defined in law by the
432:Game birds are shot in different ways. In
2396:Rarely shot because of declining numbers.
1883:
1881:
1806:. London: Belhaven Press; 1989. p312-327.
1707:
1175:Learn how and when to remove this message
1741:
1452:
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88:Falconer with a golden eagle in Scotland
83:
28:
1889:Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
1553:
1481:"Venison sales quadruple - Shooting UK"
14:
2789:
2356:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
1878:
1572:
1411:"h2g2 - Common Pheasant and Relatives"
1326:Aslam, Dilpazier (February 18, 2005).
1252:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
2434:
2408:
2043:
1942:European Journal of Wildlife Research
1834:European Journal of Wildlife Research
1765:European Journal of Wildlife Research
1701:
1507:"Regulation - 2021/57 - EN - EUR-Lex"
1325:
462:pie was considered a great delicacy.
1362:Hiero the Tyrant and Other Treatises
1157:adding citations to reliable sources
1128:
1067:Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust
510:. UK law defines game as including:
343:
1791:Woodland Conservation and Pheasants
1708:Ratcliffe, Roger (6 October 2006).
1074:biomass attributable to predation.
634:in a typical English shooting scene
205:were first trained specifically to
24:
1556:"Shotgun Wounding Characteristics"
158:(the mountain hare is native) and
25:
2808:
2376:Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
2023:The State of the Animals II: 2003
2012:
1986:"Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge"
1984:Lisa Gazeley (16 December 2010).
1804:Biological Habitat Reconstruction
1778:Woodland Management for Pheasants
1432:"Gamebooks: A peep into the past"
1124:
941:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
508:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
490:High-powered rifles are used for
1992:. City of London. Archived from
1681:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01293.x
1618:Norman, Fi; Powell, Dgm (1981).
1133:
465:
347:
244:, and continues to do so today.
100:has been practised by humans in
37:In the United Kingdom, the term
1990:City of London official website
1977:
1964:
1947:
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1921:
1907:
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1523:
1499:
1473:
1359:(30 March 2006). "On Hunting".
1232:Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge
1144:needs additional citations for
869:. Due to the ban on the use of
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287:
272:
253:
1438:
1424:
1403:
1390:
1338:
1319:
1294:
1269:
1065:growth. Roger Draycott of the
856:
646:). Deer hunted in the UK are:
13:
1:
1972:Biodiversity and Conservation
1959:Biodiversity and Conservation
1262:
1238:. It is an example of such a
1061:and skylighting to encourage
1018:Field sports and conservation
425:, often on land managed by a
335:Forms of hunting and shooting
235:and other habitats for game.
1328:"Ten things you didn't know"
1089:. Generally species such as
339:
7:
2299:League Against Cruel Sports
1245:
392:
10:
2813:
1817:Journal of Applied Ecology
1669:Journal of Applied Ecology
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1716:. Johnston Publishing Ltd
1396:Ridley, Jane (Oct 1990),
1344:According to Xenophon in
1220:sporting or hunting lodge
568:1 September – 31 January
179:The Gentlemans Recreation
795:
632:English Springer Spaniel
594:12 August – 30 November
565:1 September – 1 February
388:British country clothing
189:with hounds occurred in
1929:Biological Conservation
1860:Biological Conservation
1847:Biological Conservation
1554:Russell, Geoff (1994).
620:12 August – 31 January
604:12 August – 10 December
591:12 August – 10 December
578:20 August – 10 December
550:1 October – 31 January
45:, stag (deer) hunting,
2483:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2366:Driven grouse shooting
1832:) on chalk grassland.
1830:Lepidoptera Lycaenidae
1279:. BASC. Archived from
1203:
1082:
1052:protective legislation
1032:
1029:Draycott et al. (2008)
936:
635:
547:1 October – 1 February
475:
402:
182:
133:La Cotte de St Brelade
89:
34:
2077:in the United Kingdom
1862:2009; 142: 1362-1369.
1710:"Blast from the past"
1413:. BBC. 17 August 2007
1190:
1080:
1042:are major drivers of
1025:
934:
629:
473:
444:to maximise numbers.
400:
172:
87:
32:
2361:Countryside Alliance
2242:European fallow deer
2100:Red-legged partridge
1974:2006; 15: 4309-4334.
1302:"Firearms licensing"
1153:improve this article
434:driven game shooting
2699:States with limited
1955:Phasianus colchicus
1918:2003; 50(1): 15-21.
1891:2004: 104: 429-438.
1849:2005; 122: 243-252.
1754:2003; 423: 531-533.
1573:Norman, Fi (1976).
1036:Habitat destruction
515:
150:arrived, using the
129:woolly rhinoceroses
69:. According to the
57:is the shooting of
1961:2002; 11: 561-573.
1944:2005; 51: 248-253.
1836:2014; 60: 781-787.
1819:2008; 45: 334-341.
1767:2012; 58: 227-234.
1714:The Yorkshire Post
1562:. December: 17–23.
1434:. 10 January 2013.
1204:
1200:Duke of Hamilton's
1083:
1033:
937:
676:Chinese water deer
636:
513:
476:
448:maintenance, etc.
403:
359:. You can help by
311:are carried on as
298:Scottish Highlands
283:Queen Elizabeth II
227:for the shooters,
183:
90:
35:
2784:
2783:
2435:Hunting in Europe
2402:
2401:
2186:Northern shoveler
2171:Pink-footed goose
2120:Eurasian woodcock
1931:2004; 118: 21-32.
1734:Natural England.
1636:10.1071/WR9810659
1624:Wildlife Research
1591:10.1071/WR9760061
1579:Wildlife Research
1511:eur-lex.europa.eu
1468:978-1-86126-880-8
1458:Colin Greenwood,
1367:Waterfield, Robin
1185:
1184:
1177:
1044:biodiversity loss
989:pink-footed goose
755:Pink-footed goose
624:
623:
455:described above.
377:
376:
317:England and Wales
166:was also hunted.
135:on the island of
61:. What is called
16:(Redirected from
2804:
2737:Dependencies and
2441:Sovereign states
2429:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2371:Glorious Twelfth
2330:Hunting Act 2004
2252:Reeves's muntjac
2206:Common goldeneye
2191:Northern pintail
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1789:Sage R, Swan M.
1787:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1485:shootinguk.co.uk
1477:
1471:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1365:. Translated by
1342:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1273:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1137:
1129:
725:Common goldeneye
617:No closed season
536:Northern Ireland
516:
512:
409:, in particular
405:The shooting of
372:
369:
351:
344:
291:
290: 1952–2022
289:
276:
275: 1936–1952
274:
257:
256: 1901–1910
255:
21:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2738:
2732:
2718:Northern Cyprus
2700:
2694:
2615:North Macedonia
2436:
2433:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2334:
2308:
2287:
2283:European rabbit
2261:
2220:
2176:Eurasian wigeon
2129:
2090:Common pheasant
2078:
2068:
2015:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1996:on 12 June 2011
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1784:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1571:
1567:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1400:(HarperCollins)
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1369:. UK: Penguin.
1343:
1339:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1248:
1216:
1210:
1198:in 1743 as the
1181:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1020:
949:Eurasian wigeon
859:
853:
798:
790:European rabbit
500:
488:
482:
468:
419:12 and 20 gauge
395:
390:
373:
367:
364:
357:needs expansion
342:
337:
286:
271:
252:
249:King Edward VII
195:East of England
106:hunter-gatherer
95:
79:target shooting
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2739:other entities
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2690:United Kingdom
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Czech Republic
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2211:Common moorhen
2208:
2203:
2201:Common pochard
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2134:Quarry species
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Rock ptarmigan
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Grey partridge
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2014:
2013:External links
2011:
2008:
2007:
1976:
1963:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1906:
1893:
1877:
1871:Pressland CL.
1864:
1851:
1838:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1776:Robertson PA.
1769:
1756:
1740:
1727:
1700:
1675:(3): 653–662.
1655:
1610:
1565:
1546:
1522:
1498:
1487:. 25 July 2014
1472:
1451:
1437:
1423:
1402:
1389:
1375:
1337:
1318:
1293:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1242:installation.
1208:Sporting lodge
1206:Main article:
1202:hunting lodge.
1183:
1182:
1141:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1125:Sporting lodge
1123:
1121:Associations.
1019:
1016:
858:
855:
797:
794:
793:
792:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
758:
757:
752:
747:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
720:Common pochard
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
685:
684:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
622:
621:
618:
615:
609:
608:
605:
602:
596:
595:
592:
589:
583:
582:
579:
576:
570:
569:
566:
563:
552:
551:
548:
545:
539:
538:
533:
520:
499:
496:
478:Main article:
467:
464:
394:
391:
386:Main article:
375:
374:
354:
352:
341:
338:
336:
333:
268:King George VI
144:Celtic Britain
94:
91:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2809:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Faroe Islands
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:South Ossetia
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Liechtenstein
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Deer stalking
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Game Act 1831
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:European hare
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2216:Eurasian coot
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Greylag goose
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Golden plover
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:0-9658942-7-4
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1378:
1376:9780141959627
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1283:on 2013-03-28
1282:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:Epping Forest
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Chatelherault
1189:
1179:
1176:
1168:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:This section
1140:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:Prior to the
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:fragmentation
1037:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1012:Great Britain
1009:
1003:
1001:
1000:right to roam
996:
994:
990:
986:
985:greylag goose
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
933:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:to target an
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
879:
875:
872:
868:
864:
854:
851:
849:
845:
844:Eurasian coot
841:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
791:
788:
787:
786:
781:
780:Golden plover
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
745:Greylag goose
743:
742:
741:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
683:of these deer
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
645:
644:Deer Act 1991
641:
633:
628:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
564:
562:
558:
554:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
534:
532:
528:
524:
521:
518:
517:
514:Game seasons
511:
509:
505:
504:Game Act 1831
495:
493:
492:deer stalking
487:
481:
480:Deer stalking
472:
466:Deer stalking
463:
460:
459:Rook shooting
456:
453:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
417:, most often
416:
412:
408:
399:
389:
384:
382:
371:
362:
358:
355:This section
353:
350:
346:
345:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:deer stalking
307:shooting and
306:
301:
299:
295:
284:
280:
279:Prince Philip
269:
265:
261:
260:King George V
250:
245:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
180:
176:
175:Richard Blome
171:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:, humans and
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
86:
82:
80:
76:
75:clay shooting
72:
68:
67:deer stalking
65:elsewhere is
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
2728:Transnistria
2350:
2266:Other quarry
2161:Canada goose
2125:Common snipe
2115:Black grouse
2071:Game animals
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1989:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1735:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1713:
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1672:
1668:
1658:
1647:. Retrieved
1627:
1623:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1582:
1578:
1568:
1559:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1459:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1405:
1397:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1361:
1345:
1340:
1332:The Guardian
1331:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1271:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1196:William Adam
1171:
1162:
1151:Please help
1146:verification
1143:
1111:
1084:
1056:
1048:field sports
1034:
1004:
997:
993:common snipe
981:Canada goose
943:. These are
938:
883:
876:for hunting
860:
852:
842:
838:Capercaillie
836:
828:Black grouse
826:
814:carrion crow
802:feral pigeon
799:
784:
760:Other birds
759:
750:Canada goose
739:
689:
686:
671:Muntjac deer
637:
574:Black grouse
501:
498:Game animals
489:
486:Deer hunting
457:
450:
446:
431:
404:
380:
378:
365:
361:adding to it
356:
325:bird of prey
321:drag hunting
313:field sports
302:
246:
219:
199:pest control
184:
178:
141:
121:neanderthals
117:last ice age
114:
96:
66:
63:deer hunting
54:
38:
36:
26:
18:Shooting box
2766:Isle of Man
2701:recognition
2675:Switzerland
2610:Netherlands
2386:Deer forest
2181:Tufted duck
2151:Wood pigeon
1398:Fox Hunting
1382:10 February
1347:Cynegeticus
1214:Jagdschloss
1194:, built by
1118:fox hunting
1114:Hunting Act
1087:cover crops
977:tufted duck
857:Wildfowling
765:Wood pigeon
735:Tufted duck
661:Fallow deer
555:Partridge,
452:Wildfowling
303:As of 2020
281:, although
229:gamekeepers
201:. Packs of
162:as quarry.
160:fallow deer
146:before the
115:During the
110:agriculture
51:minkhunting
43:fox hunting
2645:San Marino
2605:Montenegro
2585:Luxembourg
2565:Kazakhstan
2468:Azerbaijan
2304:Animal Aid
2257:Water deer
2105:Red grouse
2083:Game birds
1916:Bird Study
1694:2024-08-02
1649:2024-07-30
1630:(3): 659.
1604:2024-07-30
1540:2024-09-14
1516:2024-09-14
1417:2013-03-30
1287:2013-03-30
1263:References
1212:See also:
1107:passerines
1063:understory
918:Statistics
902:individual
832:red grouse
613:Brown hare
587:Red grouse
561:red-legged
484:See also:
427:gamekeeper
407:game birds
368:April 2019
329:unsporting
294:Victorians
266:of 3937),
187:hunt a fox
156:brown hare
59:game birds
53:, whereas
2756:Gibraltar
2580:Lithuania
2292:Opponents
2247:Sika deer
1689:0021-8901
1644:1035-3712
1599:1035-3712
1585:(1): 61.
1334:. London.
1165:June 2011
1072:arthropod
1059:coppicing
973:goldeneye
922:Australia
878:waterfowl
666:Sika deer
600:Ptarmigan
423:.410 bore
381:gamebooks
340:Equipment
237:Game Laws
225:pheasants
215:Yorkshire
193:, in the
164:Wild boar
2791:Category
2776:Svalbard
2761:Guernsey
2708:Abkhazia
2660:Slovenia
2655:Slovakia
2630:Portugal
2488:Bulgaria
2339:See also
2237:Roe deer
2232:Red deer
2075:shooting
1720:17 March
1491:12 April
1357:Xenophon
1246:See also
961:shoveler
890:shotguns
867:punt gun
785:Mammals
770:Woodcock
710:Shoveler
656:Roe deer
651:Red deer
543:Pheasant
527:Scotland
519:Species
411:pheasant
393:Shooting
242:poaching
221:Shotguns
211:Bilsdale
152:Agassaei
125:mammoths
55:shooting
47:beagling
2685:Ukraine
2635:Romania
2595:Moldova
2553:Ireland
2548:Iceland
2543:Hungary
2533:Germany
2528:Georgia
2518:Finland
2513:Estonia
2508:Denmark
2493:Croatia
2478:Belgium
2473:Belarus
2463:Austria
2458:Armenia
2453:Andorra
2448:Albania
2278:Red fox
2196:Gadwall
2141:Mallard
1311:18 June
1103:finches
1099:linnets
969:gadwall
965:pintail
957:pochard
945:mallard
926:Denmark
914:pellets
910:pellets
886:hunting
863:shotgun
848:moorhen
818:jackdaw
730:Gadwall
715:Pintail
695:Mallard
681:Hybrids
523:England
442:managed
415:shotgun
233:coverts
191:Norfolk
177:, from
123:hunted
102:Britain
98:Hunting
93:History
39:hunting
2771:Jersey
2713:Kosovo
2680:Turkey
2670:Sweden
2650:Serbia
2640:Russia
2625:Poland
2620:Norway
2600:Monaco
2570:Latvia
2538:Greece
2523:France
2498:Cyprus
2028:
2000:31 May
1752:Nature
1687:
1642:
1597:
1535:GOV.UK
1466:
1373:
1352:Castor
1306:Gov.UK
1277:"BASC"
1095:quinoa
810:magpie
740:Geese
700:Wigeon
690:Ducks
438:grouse
277:) and
203:hounds
181:(1686)
148:Romans
137:Jersey
2746:Åland
2665:Spain
2590:Malta
2560:Italy
2021:from
1240:Tudor
1091:maize
920:from
898:flock
894:ducks
888:with
884:When
796:Other
775:Snipe
531:Wales
421:or a
49:, or
2225:Deer
2146:Teal
2073:and
2026:ISBN
2002:2011
1722:2015
1685:ISSN
1640:ISSN
1595:ISSN
1493:2018
1464:ISBN
1384:2023
1371:ISBN
1313:2020
1101:and
1038:and
987:and
953:teal
924:and
906:shot
874:shot
871:lead
846:and
822:rook
820:and
705:Teal
640:Deer
607:N/A
581:N/A
559:and
557:grey
529:and
305:game
207:hunt
127:and
77:and
2313:Law
1677:doi
1632:doi
1587:doi
1155:by
1093:or
995:.
806:jay
630:An
363:.
264:bag
258:),
213:in
2793::
1988:.
1880:^
1743:^
1712:.
1683:.
1673:44
1671:.
1667:.
1638:.
1626:.
1622:.
1593:.
1581:.
1577:.
1558:.
1533:.
1509:.
1483:.
1330:.
1304:.
1218:A
1116:,
1109:.
1054:.
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
967:,
963:,
959:,
955:,
951:,
947:,
916:.
834:.
816:,
812:,
808:,
804:,
525:,
331:.
300:.
288:r.
273:r.
254:r.
139:.
112:.
2428:e
2421:t
2414:v
2063:e
2056:t
2049:v
2004:.
1724:.
1697:.
1679::
1652:.
1634::
1628:8
1607:.
1589::
1583:3
1543:.
1519:.
1495:.
1470:.
1448:.
1420:.
1386:.
1315:.
1290:.
1178:)
1172:(
1167:)
1163:(
1149:.
1031:.
370:)
366:(
285:(
270:(
251:(
20:)
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