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the boys and mobs with stones and dirt… For the same reason, they are prohibited to go out when it rains; for it is said the rain would wash dirt off them, which would sully the feet of the
Mussulmans… If a Jew is recognized as such in the streets, he is subjected to the greatest insults. The passers-by spit in his face, and sometimes beat him… unmercifully… If a Jew enters a shop for anything, he is forbidden to inspect the goods… Should his hand incautiously touch the goods, he must take them at any price the seller chooses to ask for them... Sometimes the Iranians intrude into the dwellings of the Jews and take possession of whatever please them. Should the owner make the least opposition in defense of his property, he incurs the danger of atoning for it with his life... If... a Jew shows himself in the street during the three days of the Katel (qatl al-Husayn, or "murder of
227:
frightened rabbis swore that they did not know that a child of Muslim parents had strayed into the Jewish quarter and protested against the accusation. The people withdrew after threatening to put the entire Jewish quarter to fire and sword if the girl had not been found by noon the next day. On the same day, the body of a child was found one kilometer away from the city behind an abandoned palace, one hundred meters from the Jewish cemetery. Some thought that the body was that of the missing Muslim girl and that she had been killed by the Jews. Subsequently, it was found to be the disinterred body of a Jewish boy who had been buried eight days previously.
255:|The thieves formed a chain in the street. They passed along the line carpets, bundles of goods, bales of merchandise , anything, in a word, which was salable. Anything, which did not have commercial value or which, on account of its weight or size, could not be carried off, was, in a fury of vandalism, destroyed and broken. The doors and windows of the houses were torn off their hinges and carried away or smashed to pieces. The rooms and cellars were literally ploughed up to see whether the substratum did not conceal some wealth.
406:
abandoned Lar and Jahrom. which were never resettled, and emigrated to Shiraz and thence to
Palestine, where they joined the numerous Shirazis who had previously escaped. Just after the holiday of Sukkot in 1910, a pogrom organized by the apostate Qavam family resulted in thirteen deaths, injury, theft. vandalism and near starvation for the 6000 Jews of Shiraz (Alliance, 1910:229—245).
509:- "Indeed, Loeb begins his description of the Jewish community in Shiraz in 1968, with an account of what happened in 1910 when the last major pogrom was initiated against the Jews of Shiraz. After the murder, pillage, rape, and vandalism finally ended, the entire community of 6,000 was virtually homeless and terrorized."
167:
wrote about the life of
Persian Jews: "…they are obliged to live in a separate part of town…; for they are considered as unclean creatures… Under the pretext of their being unclean, they are treated with the greatest severity and should they enter a street, inhabited by Mussulmans, they are pelted by
213:
woman standing at the entrance of their house with a parcel. Seeing that she was noticed, the woman hurriedly threw the parcel into a cesspool (that were located near the front door in all Jewish houses) and ran away. The dwellers of the house promptly pulled out the parcel and found it to be a copy
405:
In 1892, several Jews were murdered in Shiraz (Alliance, 1892:52). Twenty Jews were murdered and three synagogues were burned down in 1897 (Alliance, 1897:87). Pogroms, forced conversion and expulsion swept Zarqon, Lar, Jahrom, Darab, Nobendigan, Sarvestan and
Kazerun (Alliance, 1900—1910). Jews
235:
The next morning, a crowd began to gather in front of the government palace; the people were accusing the Jews of murdering the girl and were vociferously demanding vengeance. The temporary governor ordered the troops to attack the "mob", and the crowd headed for the Jewish quarter, where they
226:
of Shiraz, Mollah Rabbi
Shelomo (father of Mollah Meir Moshe Dayanim) and Mirza Ibrahim. They were accompanied by a bazaar merchant, who stated that one of his children, a girl of four, had disappeared in the afternoon in the Jewish quarter, where she had been killed to obtain her blood. The
214:
of the Qur'an. After being informed of this incident and fearing further provocations, the representative of the
Alliance Israélite Universelle in the city contacted Mirza Ibrahim, the chief mullah of Shiraz, who promised to ignore the provocation and lend his assistance in case of need.
301:
Relief efforts were organized by the
Alliance Israélite Universelle, assisted by the British consul. Some local Muslims helped too, distributing bread, grapes, and money. One wealthy Muslim sent a ton of bread, the governor sent two tons, and the chief mufti a further 400 kilograms.
152:, Lar, Jahrom, Darab, Nobendigan, Sarvestan and Kazerun. Jamshid Sedaghat, a historian in Shiraz, has said attacks happened annually during the late 19th century, finally ending as a result of pressure from Europe. The last of these occurred in 1910.
296:
Women, men, and old folk are rolling in the dust, beating their chests and demanding justice. Others, plunged into a state of genuine stupor, appear to be unconscious and in the throes of an awful nightmare which won't
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who were in the city to sell some livestock, even women and children, joined in the pillage, which lasted for six to seven hours, not sparing a single one of 260 houses in the Jewish quarter. The representative of the
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girl. In the course of the pogrom, 12 Jews were killed and about 50 were injured, and 6,000 Jews of Shiraz were robbed of all their possessions. The event was documented by the representative of the
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arrived simultaneously with the soldiers. The latter, contrary to the orders given to them, were the first to attack the Jewish quarters, giving the rest of the mob a signal to plunder. Soldiers,
155:
Historical treatment of Jews in Iran would change depending on the ruler. However, it was described by historians that Jews were heavily mistreated and oppressed throughout the
611:
259:
The people did not limit themselves to alleged robbery, but also engaged in combat against the Jews. Most Jews fled, some to their Muslim friends' homes, others in the
452:
193:
of a Jewish house in Shiraz, some scavengers claimed to have found an old book, some pages of which remained clean and were recognized as a part of the
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802:
534:, p. 183 - "Even the accusation of ritual murder, not known in the past, reached Iran, and a particularly bad case occurred in Shiraz in 1910."
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148:. Twenty Jews were murdered and three synagogues were burned down in 1897. Pogroms, forced conversion and expulsion swept
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531:
248:
129:
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the judgment for corrupting the Koran is death, whether carried out by a Muslim or not . Then, on the first day of
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832:
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Simon, Rita J (September 1980). "Review of "Outcaste: Jewish Life in
Southern Iran by Laurence D. Loeb"".
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for 2,500 years. Pogroms have not been unknown: In 1892, several Jews were murdered in
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Dinmore, Guy (2000-05-20). "Off Centre: An ancient community that is slipping away".
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As a result of the pogrom, the Jewish quarter was completely devastated:
274:. Those few who stayed were injured or killed. Twelve were killed in the
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366:, gave rights to minorities as Zoroastrians, Christians and Jews
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560:, No 35, 1910, pp. 182–188. English translation in
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Dynasties. For example, in the middle of the 19th century,
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or bullets, and a further forty sustained minor injuries.
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Next evening, some people entered the houses of the two
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1910 pogrom carried out by
Muslims against Jews in Iran
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In the beginning of
October 1910, while cleaning the
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Outcaste (RLE Iran D): Jewish Life in Southern Iran
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176:commemoration)…, he is sure to be murdered."
120:and sparked by accusations that the Jews had
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566:Jews Under Muslim Rule: The Case Of Persia
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526:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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116:, on October 30, 1910, organized by the
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205:, several Jews were coming home from a
803:Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Middle East
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793:Jewish Persian and Iranian history
642:Prozess gegen die Juden von Trient
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478:Financial Times (London, England)
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80:Qavam family and their supporters
838:20th-century mass murder in Iran
556:Nataf, M. Letter of 31.10.1910.
453:"1910: A Pogrom in Shiraz, Iran"
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512:
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387:Laurence D Loeb (4 May 2012).
249:Alliance Israélite Universelle
130:Alliance Israélite Universelle
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140:There has been a significant
737:Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln
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364:Persian Constitution of 1906
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251:thus described the robbing:
218:Allegations of ritual murder
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570:The Wiener Library Bulletin
329:History of the Jews in Iran
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393:. Routledge. p. 33.
142:Jewish population in Iran
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755:Holy Child of La Guardia
359:Blood libel against Jews
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543:Littman (1979), p. 13
442:Littman (1979), p. 12
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833:1910 murders in Iran
788:Antisemitism in Iran
761:Gabriel of Białystok
713:Harold of Gloucester
818:Mass murder in 1910
731:Werner of Oberwesel
690:Massena blood libel
575:(New series 49/50).
725:Dominguito del Val
707:William of Norwich
678:Shiraz blood libel
666:Tiszaeszlár affair
660:Rhodes blood libel
99:Shiraz blood libel
808:Conflicts in 1910
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635:Notable incidents
524:The Jews of Islam
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88:Antisemitism
77:Perpetrators
72:Persian Jews
64:~ 50 injured
56:12 civilians
30:Shiraz, Iran
798:Blood libel
628:Blood libel
132:in Shiraz.
112:quarter in
44:Attack type
828:Qajar Iran
777:Categories
462:2024-02-21
564:(1979). "
371:Footnotes
288:Aftermath
282:bludgeons
270:, and in
266:, on the
264:consulate
207:synagogue
191:cesspools
522:(1984).
344:Converso
322:Allahdad
306:See also
268:terraces
244:Qashqais
231:Violence
197:. Under
27:Location
551:Sources
457:Haaretz
431:Littman
354:Neofiti
349:Marrano
272:mosques
261:British
239:sayyids
157:Safavid
136:History
108:of the
102:of 1910
69:Victims
61:Injured
813:Shiraz
763:(1690)
757:(1491)
751:(1475)
745:(1462)
739:(1255)
733:(1287)
727:(1250)
721:(1181)
715:(1168)
709:(1142)
662:(1840)
656:(1840)
650:(1670)
644:(1475)
530:
397:
334:Dönmeh
211:veiled
203:Sukkot
195:Qur'an
170:Husayn
150:Zarqon
146:Shiraz
126:Muslim
110:Jewish
106:pogrom
104:was a
85:Motive
53:Deaths
573:XXXII
495:. 2.
339:Chala
277:mêlée
199:Islam
174:Shi'a
172:"; a
161:Qajar
528:ISBN
395:ISBN
297:end.
159:and
35:Date
568:".
501:doi
97:or
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379:^
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