1176:
boarding a ship which is on fire, raising a ship or boat which has already sunk, or towing a ship which is in the surf away from the shore. Low-order salvage occurs where the salvor is exposed to little or no personal risk. Examples of low-order salvage include towing another vessel in calm seas, supplying a vessel with fuel, or pulling a vessel off a sand bar. Salvors performing high-order salvage receive substantially greater salvage award than those performing low-order salvage.
953:
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42:
1502:. Whilst Pakistan now has its own statute, the Admiralty Jurisdiction of High Courts Ordinance, 1980 (Ordinance XLII of 1980), it also follows English case law. One reason for this is that the 1980 Ordinance is partly modelled on old English admiralty law, namely the Administration of Justice Act 1956. The current statute dealing with the Admiralty jurisdiction of the England and Wales High Court is the
1284:(International Maritime Committee or CMI). Founded in 1897, the CMI drafted numerous international conventions, including the Hague Rules (International Convention on Bills of Lading), the Visby Amendments (amending the Hague Rules), the Salvage Convention, and many others. While the CMI continues to function in an advisory capacity, many of its functions have been taken over by the
1851:. This replacement was done in 2001 to handle the constantly upgrading modern shipping industry. The purpose of the Pakistan Merchant Shipping Ordinance 2001 is to provide a strategy and rules under which the government authorities will function in dealing with stuff related to the shipping industry. This law also handles duties internationally required under the ILO (
1091:
three years, suits against cruise lines may need to be brought within one year because of limitations contained in the passenger ticket. Notice requirements in the ticket may require a formal notice to be brought within six months of the injury. Most U.S. cruise line passenger tickets also have provisions requiring that suit to be brought in either
1030:. Admiralty law also covers land-based commercial activities that are maritime in character, such as marine insurance. Some lawyers prefer to reserve the term "admiralty law" for "wet law" (e.g. salvage, collisions, ship arrest, towage, liens and limitation), and use "maritime law" only for "dry law" (e.g. carriage of goods and people,
1656:
The common element of those cases are that they require the court to exercise jurisdiction over maritime property. For example, in a petitory and possession action, a vessel whose title is in dispute, usually between co-owners, will be put in the possession of the court until the title dispute can be
1513:
Admiralty courts assume jurisdiction by virtue of the presence of the vessel in its territorial jurisdiction irrespective of whether the vessel is national or not and whether registered or not, and wherever the residence or domicile or their owners may be. A vessel is usually arrested by the court to
1175:
Pure salvage claims are divided into "high-order" and "low-order" salvage. In high-order salvage, the salvor exposes himself and his crew to the risk of injury and loss or damage to his equipment to salvage the damaged ship. Examples of high-order salvage are boarding a sinking ship in heavy weather,
1058:
The obligation of "maintenance" requires the shipowner to provide a seaman with his basic living expenses while he is convalescing. Once a seaman is able to work, he is expected to maintain himself. Consequently, a seaman can lose his right to maintenance, while the obligation to provide cure is
1179:
In both high-order and low-order salvage the amount of the salvage award is based first upon the value of the property saved. If nothing is saved, or if additional damage is done, there will be no award. The other factors to be considered are the skills of the salvor, the peril to which the salvaged
1539:
Canada has adopted an expansive definition of its maritime law, which goes beyond traditional admiralty law. The original
English admiralty jurisdiction was called "wet", as it concerned itself with things done at sea, including collisions, salvage and the work of mariners, and contracts and torts
1171:
In pure salvage, there is no contract between the owner of the goods and the salvor. The relationship is one which is implied by law. The salvor of property under pure salvage must bring his claim for salvage in court, which will award salvage based upon the "merit" of the service and the value of
1090:
to passengers. Consequently, passengers who are injured aboard ships may bring suit as if they had been injured ashore through the negligence of a third party. The passenger bears the burden of proving that the shipowner was negligent. While personal injury cases must generally be pursued within
693:
governing the relationships between private parties operating or using ocean-going ships. While each legal jurisdiction usually has its own legislation governing maritime matters, the international nature of the topic and the need for uniformity has, since 1900, led to considerable international
1268:
it was established that there was the presumption that the moving vessel is at fault, stating that "presumption derives from the common-sense observation that moving vessels do not usually collide with stationary objects unless the vessel is mishandled in some way". This is also referred to as
1232:) – have all been the subject of treasure salvage awards. Due to refinements in side-scanning sonars, many ships which were previously missing are now being located and treasure salvage is now a less risky endeavor than it was in the past, although it is still highly speculative and expensive.
1183:
A pure or merit salvage award will seldom exceed 50 percent of the value of the property salved. The exception to that rule is in the case of treasure salvage. Because sunken treasure has generally been lost for hundreds of years, while the original owner (or insurer, if the vessel was insured)
1163:
There are two types of salvage: contract salvage and pure salvage, which is sometimes referred to as "merit salvage". In contract salvage the owner of the property and salvor enter into a salvage contract prior to the commencement of salvage operations and the amount that the salvor is paid is
1054:
injured in the service of the ship, until the seaman has reached "maximum medical cure". The concept of "maximum medical cure" is more extensive than the concept "maximum medical improvement". The obligation to "cure" a seaman includes the obligation to provide him with medications and medical
855:
of 1873–1875 abolished the
Admiralty Court as such, and it became conflated in the new Probate, Divorce and Admiralty division of the High Court. However, when the PDA was abolished and replaced by a new Family Division, admiralty jurisdiction passed to a so-called Admiralty Court which was
1827:. The principle of maintenance and cure requires a shipowner to both pay for an injured seaman's medical treatment until maximum medical recovery (MMR) is obtained and provide basic living expenses until completion of the voyage, even if the seaman is no longer aboard ship.
1136:
against the ship to guarantee payment. To enforce the lien, the ship must be arrested or seized. In the United States, an action to enforce a lien against a U.S. ship must be brought in federal court and cannot be done in state court, except for under the reverse
1730:(COGSA), which is the U.S. enactment of the Hague Rules. One of its key features is that a shipowner is liable for cargo damaged from "hook to hook", meaning from loading to discharge, unless it is exonerated under one of 17 exceptions to liability, such as an "
1426:) are advised to implement self-protective measures, in accordance with most recent best management practices agreed upon by the members of the merchant industry and endorsed by the NATO Shipping Centre, and the Maritime Security Centre Horn-of-Africa (MSCHOA).
1055:
devices which improve his ability to function, even if they do not "improve" his actual condition. They may include long-term treatments that permit him to continue to function well. Common examples include prostheses, wheelchairs, and pain medications.
1664:
Aside from those five types of cases, all other maritime cases, such as claims for personal injuries, cargo damage, collisions, maritime products liability, and recreational boating accidents may be brought in either federal or state court.
879:. For example, the phrase in the Declaration of Independence "For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury" refers to the practice of the UK Parliament giving the Admiralty Courts jurisdiction to enforce the
926:
proposing that the U.S. Constitution, then under consideration by the States, be amended to include "trial by jury in all matters of fact triable by the laws of the land and not by the laws of
Nations". The result was the
1159:
award on the salvaged property. There is no "life salvage": all mariners have a duty to save the lives of others in peril without expectation of reward. Consequently, salvage law applies only to the saving of property.
733:
Seaborne transport was one of the earliest channels of commerce, and rules for resolving disputes involving maritime trade were developed early in recorded history. Early historical records of these laws include the
1263:
While there is no great difference between the two terms and often they are even used interchangeably, determining the difference helps clarify the circumstances of emergencies and adapt accordingly. In the case of
1675:
Maritime law is governed by a uniform three-year statute of limitations for personal injury and wrongful death cases. Cargo cases must be brought within two years (extended from the one-year allowance under the
887:
any colonist of its violation. The
Admiralty Court, which has never had trial by jury, was thus given jurisdiction so a colonist charged with breaching the Stamp Act could be more easily convicted by the Crown.
589:
1327:
also form part of the body of conventions in international waters. Other commercial conventions include the "International
Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships",
2299:
which stated that a person missing at sea shall be assumed to be dead after seven years; conspiracy theorists claim that the government uses this Act to secretly enslave people, by assuming any person to be
774:
noted further that admiralty law was also used as an alternative to the common law in Norman
England, which previously required voluntary submission to it by entering a plea seeking judgment from the court.
1244:" is then used to mean the striking of a stationary object, while "collision" is used to mean the striking of a moving object. Thus, when two vessels run against each other, courts typically use the term
1969:
1707:
doctrine" requires state courts hearing admiralty cases to apply substantive federal admiralty law. However, state courts are allowed to apply state procedural law. This change can be significant.
2307:
The origin of the maritime law conspiracy theory is unknown, though it may stem from a misunderstanding of some nautical-sounding words in common usage in the
English-language judiciary such as
1506:, ss. 20–24, 37. The provisions in those sections are, in turn, based on the International Arrest Convention 1952. Other countries which do not follow the English statute and case laws, such as
1692:
A state court hearing an admiralty or maritime case is required to apply the admiralty and maritime law, even if it conflicts with the law of the state, under a doctrine known as the "reverse-
1625:
over admiralty and maritime matters; however, that jurisdiction is not exclusive, and most maritime cases can be heard in either state or federal courts under the "saving to suitors" clause.
1403:
in the case of piracy, which means that any nation may pursue pirates on the high seas, including pursuing them into a country's territorial waters. Most nations have signed onto the 1982
1946:
1844:
1668:
From a tactical standpoint it is important to consider that in federal courts in the United States, there is generally no right to trial by jury in admiralty cases, although the 1920
1198:) are the most commonly thought of type of treasure salvage, other types of ships – including German submarines from World War II which can hold valuable historical artifacts,
1240:
In maritime law, it is occasionally desirable to distinguish between the situation of a vessel striking a moving object and that of it striking a stationary object. The word "
1066:, 369 U.S. 527 (1962). If a shipowner's breach of its obligation to provide maintenance and cure is willful and wanton, the shipowner may be subject to punitive damages. See
3040:
3238:
1848:
935:
in an admiralty case in colonial Boston involving seizure of one of
Hancock's ships for violations of customs regulations. In the more modern era, Supreme Court Justice
851:
took hold and
English maritime commerce burgeoned, the Admiralty Court became a proactive source of innovative legal ideas and provisions to meet the new situation. The
1304:
600:
1973:
744:), of which no primary written specimen has survived, but which is alluded to in other legal texts (Roman and Byzantine legal codes), and later the customs of the
1280:
Before the mid-1970s, most international conventions concerning maritime trade and commerce originated in a private organization of maritime lawyers known as the
3199:
3030:
Healy, Sharpe and Sharpe, Cases and
Materials on Admiralty, Thomson West, pp.502-510 (maintenance and cure); pp.510-20 (Jones Act); pp.520-25 (unseaworthiness).
1180:
property was exposed, the value of the property which was risked in effecting the salvage, the amount of time and money expended in the salvage operation, etc.
1324:
1312:
1296:
608:
864:
then clarified the admiralty jurisdiction of the Queen's Bench, so England and Wales once again has a distinct Admiralty Court (albeit no longer based in the
1475:
was a development of continental civil law, the Admiralty Court of England and Wales was a common law court, albeit somewhat distanced from the mainstream
1132:
Banks which loan money to purchase ships, vendors who supply ships with necessaries like fuel and stores, seamen who are due wages, and many others have a
3128:
1863:
There are several universities that offer maritime law programs. What follows is a partial list of universities offering postgraduate maritime courses:
2443:
1657:
resolved. In a limitation action, the shipowner will post a bond reflecting the value of the vessel and her pending freight. A sixth category, that of
2879:
2769:
1184:
continues to have an interest in it, the salvor or finder will generally get the majority of the value of the property. While sunken ships from the
1118:" has become a useful way for a contractor to pass on the protection of a limitation clause to his employees, agents and third-party contractors.)
2737:
collision—vessel struck or was struck by another vessel on the water surface, or struck a stationary object, not another ship (an allision)
2411:
1823:
injured aboard ship have three possible sources of compensation: the principle of maintenance and cure, the doctrine of unseaworthiness, and the
1614:
1404:
1368:
1316:
714:
556:
2455:
The Convention on the Law of the Sea has not been ratified by 29 United Nations member and observer states, most notably the United States. See
1415:
963:
3276:
2911:
2524:
2831:"International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships, and Protocol of Signature. ATS 2 of 1981"
3002:
2852:
2833:
2456:
1820:
1661:, relating to claims over vessels captured during wartime, has been rendered obsolete due to changes in the laws and practices of warfare.
1333:
481:
3100:
111:
1114:
has made it unlawful to exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by one's negligence. (Since then, however, the so-called "
2711:
Talley, Wayne K. (January 1995). "Safety Investments and Operating Conditions: Determinants of Accident Passenger-Vessel Damage Cost".
229:
3403:
899:
in 1789. Many American lawyers who were prominent in the American Revolution were admiralty and maritime lawyers. Those included are
689:
that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes. Admiralty law consists of both domestic law on maritime activities, and
4604:
3322:
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3047:
665:
639:
3247:
3293:
2019:
1352:
594:
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https://web.archive.org/web/20150721223230/http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsAcademicPrograms/index.aspx?id=1726%7Carchive-date=21
1110:
allowed a shipping line to escape liability when a bosun's negligence resulted in a passenger being injured. Since then, the
4689:
1985:
1580:
Canadian jurisdiction was originally consolidated in 1891, with subsequent expansions in 1934 following the passage of the
2228:
2211:
1894:
1285:
1050:
promulgated in about 1160 A.D. The obligation to "cure" requires a shipowner to provide medical care free of charge to a
629:
584:
550:
431:
3418:
2963:
2038:
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has tended to expand the maritime law power, thus overriding prior provincial laws based on the provinces' power over
4030:
3588:
3487:
3423:
2497:
2479:
2222:
2005:– LL.M. in Business, Corporate, and Maritime Law; Master of Science (M.Sc.) In Maritime Economics and Logistics (MEL)
1852:
1807:
1068:
993:
1789:
1746:, it must be established that the goods were placed in the carrier's possession and control for immediate carriage.
1498:
countries) follow English statute and case law. India still follows many Victorian-era British statutes such as the
1339:
Once adopted, most international conventions are enforced by the individual signatory nations, either through their
4144:
4013:
2156:
2150:
2051:
3195:
2698:
The striking by a vessel of a fixed object such as a bridge, technically termed 'allision' rather than 'collision'
1281:
634:
4599:
3946:
3847:
3145:
2672:"Admiralty Court Rejects Equal Division Rule and Apportions Damages Unequally in Multiple Fault Collision Case".
1348:
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A seaman who is required to sue a shipowner to recover maintenance and cure may also recover his attorneys fees.
755:
79:
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3740:
3125:
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1785:
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2205:
2054:– LL.M in maritime law (Graduate Diploma in Maritime Law and Arbitration International Maritime Organization)
1087:
2525:"Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
2323:. This theory is entirely devoid of merit: when invoked by litigants, it has been consistently dismissed as
4266:
3745:
2528:
2401:
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2216:
2002:
1727:
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performed at sea. Canadian law has added "dry" jurisdiction to this field, which includes such matters as:
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17:
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Healy, Nicholas J.; Sweeney, Joseph C. (July–October 1991). "Basic Principles of the Law of Collision".
1510:, also have established well-known maritime courts which decide international cases on a regular basis.
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2840:. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
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1959:
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354:
1703:" requires that federal courts hearing state actions must apply substantive state law, the "reverse-
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from the age of seven and thereafter considering their person and/or property as its possessions.
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2180:
1770:
1499:
1476:
1472:
1384:
857:
822:
567:
283:
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2153:– BSc & MSc in Maritime, Transport & Logistics (MTL) (with embedded maritime law elements)
1295:
The IMO has prepared numerous international conventions concerning maritime safety, including the
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3765:
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court that was initially somewhat distanced from other English courts. After around 1750, as the
3212:
2998:
2880:"Why the Full Extent of the Admiralty Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts has yet to be explored"
2849:
2830:
2608:
70:
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4544:
4529:
2584:
2324:
2219:– LL.M in admiralty and JD with a Certificate of Specialization in Admiralty & Maritime Law
2144:
1916:
1533:
1503:
1400:
1051:
861:
651:
3104:
2912:"Admiralty Jurisdiction and Canadian Maritime Law in the Federal Courts: The next forty years"
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in the American colonies. The Stamp Act was unpopular in America, so a colonial jury would be
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2391:
1942:
1523:
1423:
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on the American flags displayed in courtrooms is evidence of maritime law being in effect.
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63:
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movements, asserts that at some point maritime law, which they consider to be the law of
876:
791:
207:
1155:
When property is lost at sea and rescued by another, the rescuer is entitled to claim a
713:, jurisdiction over coastal waters, and the maritime relationships between nations. The
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2165:(Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law) – LLM in International Maritime Law
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2025:
2015:
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1340:
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1199:
1015:
975:
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323:
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School of Law (Institute of Maritime Law) – LLB (Maritime Law) and LLM in Maritime Law
1248:
whereas when one vessel runs against a stationary object, they typically use the term
1047:
931:. Alexander Hamilton and John Adams were both admiralty lawyers and Adams represented
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1319:(UNCLOS) defined a treaty regarding protection of the marine environment and various
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1007:
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706:
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530:
419:
364:
219:
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128:
56:
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Duties in American Colonies Act 1765 (5 Geo. 3 c. 12), 22 March 1765. D. Pickering,
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2435:
2281:
2080:– Master in Maritime Business and Maritime Law (ICADE – Spanish Maritime Institute)
1929:
1684:. Most major cruise ship passenger tickets have a one-year statute of limitations.
1550:
1031:
919:
904:
771:
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690:
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239:
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90:
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Claims for damage to cargo shipped in international commerce are governed by the
1681:
1456:
1257:
1207:
1115:
818:
695:
540:
509:
454:
449:
409:
202:
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3101:"Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas – Droit maritime (1230) – programme de cours"
3085:
4767:
4757:
4752:
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3872:
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http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsAcademicPrograms/index.aspx?id=1726%7Ctitle=Tulane
2127:
2100:
1989:
1963:
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414:
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164:
2999:"Converse-Erie: The Key to Federalism in an Increasingly Administrative State"
1528:
Canadian jurisdiction in the area of navigation and shipping is vested in the
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313:
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116:
85:
2295:
One variation of this theory is based on a misinterpretation of the English
1738:, and management of the ship. The basis of liability for the shipowner is a
1241:
4717:
4641:
4391:
4359:
4314:
4052:
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4018:
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3909:
3877:
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3614:
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3524:
3502:
3445:
2574:, Vol. XXVI, p. 179ff. (Section LVII relates to jurisdiction in admiralty.)
2285:
2059:
1840:
1563:
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1411:
1211:
1195:
1185:
932:
579:
264:
147:
142:
3146:"University of Oslo (UiO) - Maritime & North Sea Energy Law Education"
1628:
There are five types of cases which can only be brought in federal court:
1164:
determined by the contract. The most common salvage contract is called a "
4563:
4504:
4494:
4291:
4286:
4124:
4025:
3941:
3900:
3867:
3832:
3755:
3679:
3629:
3544:
2859:. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library.
2406:
2301:
2273:
1997:
1658:
1556:
1544:
1514:
retain jurisdiction. State-owned vessels are usually immune from arrest.
1410:
Merchant vessels transiting areas of increased pirate activity (i.e. the
1103:
843:
834:
735:
426:
303:
293:
249:
1913:
in Nantes – Master of Laws and Safety of maritime and oceanic activities
1891:– LL.M in international, business or private law with marine law courses
1359:. By contrast, disputes involving the Law of the Sea may be resolved at
875:
English Admiralty courts were a prominent feature in the prelude to the
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159:
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1299:(SOLAS), the Standards for Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (
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4416:
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4178:
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4139:
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3842:
2795:"Vane Line Bunkering, Inc. | Civil Action No. 17-1882. | 20180222d82"
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329:
308:
244:
212:
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2818:
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1759:
1307:(Collision Regulations or COLREGS), Maritime Pollution Regulations (
1046:
The doctrine of maintenance and cure is rooted in Article VI of the
795:
4787:
4782:
4583:
4568:
4271:
4156:
3953:
3497:
3408:
2770:"You Say Collision, I Say Allision; Let's Sort the Whole Thing Out"
2288:
over people. Sovereign citizens notably claim that the presence of
2114:
1954:
1919:
in Le Havre – Master of Laws in Maritime & Ports Activities Law
1836:
1739:
1483:
1434:
1329:
3021:. Hornbook Series. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Co. p. 439
2268:" system as part of a broader conspiracy which secretly replaced
1947:
Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
1343:, or through their national courts. Cases within the ambit of the
4807:
4737:
4473:
4421:
4401:
4349:
4161:
4079:
3895:
3857:
3805:
2431:
2033:
1937:
1924:
1419:
1399:
normally has jurisdiction over a ship on the high seas, there is
1364:
1096:
393:
359:
337:
318:
3071:
41:
4812:
4573:
4426:
4171:
4062:
4057:
4003:
3674:
2109:
Master of Science in Maritime Affairs (Maritime Law and Policy)
2091:
2010:
1883:
1867:
1507:
1452:
1380:
1308:
1253:
1019:
803:
486:
234:
3213:"University of Hawaii - Ocean Engineering & Law Education"
2252:
of American origin, notably present among the anti-government
4514:
4458:
4364:
4205:
4008:
3507:
3171:
2850:"International Convention for Safe Containers. ATS 3 of 1981"
2072:
1980:
1491:
1360:
1292:
in 1958 but did not become truly effective until about 1974.
1092:
778:
A leading sponsor of admiralty law in Europe was the French
739:
722:
137:
132:
3198:
Law School Academics|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=
2635:. vol. 2: 1864–1957. United States: Vintage Books.
1407:
which dictates the legal requirements for pursuing pirates.
4802:
4792:
4396:
4344:
4200:
3598:
3514:
2086:– Master in Maritime Enterprise Management and Maritime Law
1300:
1133:
342:
2468:
The title of Aleka Mandaraka-Sheppard's book changed from
1855:) conventions as Pakistan is an active member of the ILO.
1305:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
895:
through admiralty cases arising after the adoption of the
794:. Eleanor then established admiralty law on the island of
3468:
821:
handles all admiralty cases. Despite early reliance upon
810:, Eleanor instituted admiralty law into England as well.
686:
3172:"Charleston School of Law, An ABA-Accredited Law School"
1006:
Matters dealt by admiralty law include marine commerce,
782:. Eleanor had learned about admiralty law whilst on the
939:
was an admiralty lawyer before ascending to the bench.
3437:
3373:, 209 F.3d 1227, 1233–1235, fn. 2 (9th Cir. 2000)
2940:
and the expanding definition of Canadian maritime law"
2933:
1325:
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
1313:
International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue
1297:
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
1672:
grants a jury trial to seamen suing their employers.
802:. Some time later, while she was in London acting as
3135:. Formations.univ-brest.fr. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
2909:
2877:
2334:
2231:
University of Hawaii – LL.M. in Ocean Law and Policy
3126:
Master Droit des Espaces et des Activités Maritimes
1584:, and in 1971 with the extension to "dry" matters.
1577:This list is not exhaustive of the subject matter.
3240:Without Prejudice: What Sovereign Citizens Believe
2487:
2469:
1075:
4697:
3072:"New shipping law to meet modern day requirement"
1710:
4830:
1435:Great Britain and certain Commonwealth countries
1323:. Restrictions on international fishing such as
2412:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
2135:– LLM in Maritime Law and LLM in Law of the Sea
1734:", the inherent nature of the goods, errors in
1405:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1389:Throughout history, piracy has been defined as
1367:, provided that the parties are signatories to
1317:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1144:
1121:
715:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3246:, George Washington University, archived from
3019:Handbook of Admiralty Law in the United States
1749:
694:maritime law developments, including numerous
4683:
3453:
3327:, Southern Poverty Law Center, August 1, 2010
960:The examples and perspective in this section
659:
3324:The Sovereigns: A Dictionary of the Peculiar
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
2868:NATO Shipping Centre (www.shipping.nato.int)
2749:
2457:United States non-ratification of the UNCLOS
2264:, substituted for the original, legitimate "
1482:Most of the common law countries (including
1334:International Convention for Safe Containers
1275:
1141:whereby state courts can apply federal law.
701:Admiralty law may be distinguished from the
2633:Great Issues in American History: 1765–1865
2208:– LL.M. in Logistics and Transportation Law
1788:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1266:Vane Line Bunkering, Inc. v. Natalie D M/V,
826:
753:
4690:
4676:
3460:
3446:
3098:
978:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
717:has been adopted by 167 countries and the
666:
652:
3263:
1808:Learn how and when to remove this message
1395:, or the enemy of all mankind. While the
994:Learn how and when to remove this message
4605:History of the American legal profession
3286:
1742:and if the carrier is to be liable as a
3428:Roger Williams University School of Law
3388:, 912 F. Supp 224 (N.D. Tex. 1996)
3317:
3315:
2202:– LL.M. in Admirality and Maritime Law
1970:Netherlands Maritime University College
1932:- Master of Science in Maritime Science
1429:
1041:
891:Admiralty law gradually became part of
640:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
14:
4831:
3236:
2793:Fallon, Eldon E. (February 20, 2018).
2792:
2710:
2020:Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law
1897:– LL.M in marine and environmental law
595:International Convention on Load Lines
4671:
3441:
3230:
2934:Christopher J. Giaschi (2000-10-03).
2552:De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
3312:
2936:"The Constitutional implications of
2752:Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce
2237:
1986:International Maritime Law Institute
1858:
1786:adding citations to reliable sources
1753:
1632:limitation of shipowner's liability,
1288:(IMO), which was established by the
946:
860:sitting to hear nautical cases. The
3283:, Issue 57, February 2012, pp 18–19
3086:"International Labour Organization"
2547:
2517:
2229:William S. Richardson School of Law
2212:St. Thomas University School of Law
2159:– LLM in International Shipping Law
1895:University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
1680:), pursuant to the adoption of the
1286:International Maritime Organization
1252:. The fixed object could also be a
1072:, 557 U.S. 404 (2009) (J. Thomas).
837:, the English Admiralty Court is a
768:were in effect from an early date.
721:, and disputes are resolved at the
630:International Maritime Organization
585:Ballast Water Management Convention
551:International Convention on Salvage
432:The captain goes down with the ship
24:
3041:"Merchant Shipping Ordinance 2001"
2488:Mandaraka-Sheppard, Aleka (2014).
2470:Mandaraka-Sheppard, Aleka (2007).
2122:– LL.M. in international trade law
1966:in Legal Aspects of Marine Affairs
1315:(SAR Convention) and others. The
1221:), and sunken merchant ships (the
1166:Lloyd's Open Form Salvage Contract
709:dealing with navigational rights,
25:
4860:
3589:Restitution and unjust enrichment
3397:
2680:(3): 554 footnote 1. March 1963.
2631:Hofstadter, Richard (1958).
2223:University of Miami School of Law
1853:International Labour Organization
1687:
1069:Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend
4636:
4635:
4621:
3409:Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide
2351:
2337:
2157:Queen Mary, University of London
2151:Liverpool John Moores University
2052:National University of Singapore
2041:– Master of Laws in Maritime Law
2028:– Master of Laws in Maritime Law
1845:Merchant Shipping Ordinance 2001
1758:
1652:petitory and possession actions.
1621:grants original jurisdiction to
1598:
951:
798:, where it was published as the
40:
4600:History of the legal profession
3378:
3363:
3337:
3205:
3188:
3164:
3138:
3119:
3092:
3078:
3064:
3033:
3024:
3011:
2991:
2979:Rotterdam Rules: Interpretation
2972:
2957:
2927:
2910:John G. O'Connor (2011-10-28).
2903:
2878:John G. O'Connor (2004-11-05).
2871:
2862:
2843:
2824:
2811:
2786:
2762:
2743:
2704:
2665:
2652:
2638:
2225:– LL.M in Ocean and Coastal Law
2039:Ovidius University of Constanța
1715:
1609:
1076:Personal injuries to passengers
756:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
80:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
27:Law of the oceans and their use
3017:Robinson, Gustavus H. (1939).
2625:
2601:
2577:
2564:
2541:
2462:
2449:
2424:
2078:Comillas Pontifical University
1901:University of Western Brittany
1711:Features of U.S. admiralty law
1532:by virtue of s. 91(10) of the
1112:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
1108:Adler v Dickson (The Himalaya)
1026:by sea of both passengers and
13:
1:
4698:Seamanship (seafaring) topics
2774:response.restoration.noaa.gov
2662:". Accessed November 7, 2014.
2510:
2206:Florida Coastal School of Law
1992:in International Maritime Law
1459:(civil law) that prevails in
1282:Comité Maritime International
790:with her first husband, King
635:Comité Maritime International
601:International Regulations for
557:United Nations Convention on
3419:Law of the Sea at the UN web
3386:United States v. Greenstreet
2529:United Nations Treaty Series
2402:Maritime environmental crime
2217:Tulane University Law School
2003:Erasmus University Rotterdam
1728:Carriage of Goods by Sea Act
1587:Recent jurisprudence at the
1145:Salvage and treasure salvage
1122:Maritime liens and mortgages
929:United States Bill of Rights
740:
603:Preventing Collisions at Sea
7:
4763:Ship-to-ship cargo transfer
3414:LII: Law about... Admiralty
3351:Conway Hall Ethical Society
3300:Southern Poverty Law Center
3295:Sovereign Citizens Movement
3202:July 2015|url-status=dead}}
2492:(3rd ed.). Routledge.
2474:(2nd ed.). Cavendish.
2330:
2175:University of Hertfordshire
1830:
1750:Personal injuries to seamen
1605:United States admiralty law
1582:Statute of Westminster 1931
1235:
974:, discuss the issue on the
942:
622:International organizations
10:
4865:
4267:International legal theory
3746:International slavery laws
3741:International human rights
3736:International criminal law
3371:United States v. Mackovich
2997:Joseph R. Oliveri (2008).
2821:, especially paragraph 10.
2241:
1849:Merchant Shipping Act 1923
1719:
1619:United States Constitution
1602:
1521:
1378:
1148:
1125:
1079:
1036:Maritime Labour Convention
825:concepts derived from the
780:Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine
728:
546:Maritime Labour Convention
4798:Man overboard rescue turn
4703:
4615:
4592:
4482:
4320:Administration of justice
4305:
4214:
4105:
3984:
3886:
3607:
3475:
2819:158 U.S. 186 - The Oregon
2713:Southern Economic Journal
2321:birth (berth) certificate
2187:University of Southampton
2169:University College London
2107:World Maritime University
2067:– Masters in Maritime Law
1960:Universiti Teknologi Mara
1889:Panthéon-Assas University
1593:property and civil rights
1517:
1374:
1276:International conventions
691:private international law
523:International conventions
4097:Basic structure doctrine
3947:Natural and legal rights
3828:Public international law
3424:Marine Affairs Institute
3237:Berger, JM (June 2016),
3176:Charleston School of Law
2417:
2382:Barratry (admiralty law)
2200:Charleston School of Law
2181:University of Nottingham
2022:) – LL.M in maritime law
1500:Admiralty Court Act 1861
1385:International piracy law
1191:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
752:. In southern Italy the
707:public international law
568:International piracy law
559:the Law of the Sea
4277:Principle of typicality
3751:International trade law
3467:
3346:Freeloaders on the Land
3277:"Nonsense or loophole?"
2297:Cestui Que Vie Act 1666
2065:University of Cape Town
1974:Diploma in Maritime law
1589:Supreme Court of Canada
1496:Commonwealth of Nations
1473:English Admiralty court
1332:, 10 October 1957. and
1172:the salvaged property.
1088:duty of reasonable care
866:Royal Courts of Justice
590:Anti-fouling Convention
3404:Jones Act Law Resource
3005:June 13, 2010, at the
2985:March 9, 2012, at the
2658:merriam-webster.com, "
2262:international commerce
2145:City University London
1917:University of Le Havre
1839:is also classified as
1696:doctrine". While the "
1615:Article III, Section 2
1559:and security services,
1534:Constitution Act, 1867
1504:Senior Courts Act 1981
1467:, which trace back to
1401:universal jurisdiction
862:Senior Courts Act 1981
827:
754:
741:Nomos Rhodion Nautikos
4272:Principle of legality
4031:Delegated legislation
3731:Intellectual property
3433:The Maritime Law Blog
2560:. Harvard Law School.
2392:Declaration of London
2183:– LLM in Maritime Law
2177:– LLM in Maritime Law
2171:– LLM in Maritime Law
2147:– LLM in Maritime Law
2141:– LLM in Shipping Law
1949:– PhD in maritime law
1943:University of Hamburg
1875:– LL.M in marine and
1720:Further information:
1524:Canadian maritime law
1424:Bab-el-Mandeb straits
1392:hostis humani generis
937:Oliver Wendell Holmes
849:Industrial Revolution
788:eastern Mediterranean
725:tribunal in Hamburg.
705:, which is a body of
4849:Eleanor of Aquitaine
4490:Barristers' chambers
4432:Legal representation
4370:Justice of the peace
3716:Financial regulation
2649:2 LLR 267, 1 QB 158
2472:Modern Admiralty Law
2387:Consulate of the Sea
2120:Thammasat University
2084:University of Deusto
1911:University of Nantes
1907:– LL.M in marine law
1873:Dalhousie Law School
1782:improve this section
1530:Parliament of Canada
1449:Northern Ireland law
1430:Individual countries
1351:may be heard by the
1042:Maintenance and cure
972:improve this section
962:may not represent a
829:Corpus Juris Civilis
808:Richard I of England
746:Consulate of the Sea
515:Vice admiralty court
261:Contract of carriage
64:Corpus Juris Civilis
4525:Election commission
4237:Expressive function
3766:Landlord–tenant law
3665:Consumer protection
2719:(3): 823, note 11.
2674:Columbia Law Review
2490:Modern Maritime Law
2258:freeman on the land
1623:U.S. federal courts
1321:maritime boundaries
1106:, the 1954 case of
1064:Vaughan v. Atkinson
885:unlikely to convict
877:American Revolution
792:Louis VII of France
4748:Naval architecture
4483:Legal institutions
4350:Lawsuit/Litigation
4340:Dispute resolution
4145:Catholic canon law
3853:State of emergency
3816:Will and testament
3540:Law of obligations
3493:Constitutional law
3483:Administrative law
3152:. 25 November 2017
3131:2012-06-24 at the
3074:. 12 October 2001.
2855:2017-04-15 at the
2836:2017-04-15 at the
2163:Swansea University
2139:Cardiff University
2026:University of Oslo
2016:University of Oslo
1649:salvage cases, and
1465:continental Europe
1455:, contrast to the
1341:Port State Control
1200:American Civil War
1016:maritime pollution
901:Alexander Hamilton
806:for her son, King
124:Maritime transport
4844:International law
4826:
4825:
4665:
4664:
4325:Constitutionalism
4247:Law and economics
4085:Act of parliament
3823:Product liability
3776:Legal archaeology
3701:Environmental law
3695:Entertainment law
3535:International law
2572:Statutes at Large
2440:Hague-Visby Rules
2254:sovereign citizen
2250:conspiracy theory
2238:Conspiracy theory
2133:Bangor University
1877:environmental law
1859:Academic programs
1847:has replaced the
1835:Admiralty law in
1818:
1817:
1810:
1678:Hague-Visby Rules
1642:property arrests
1494:, and many other
1445:England and Wales
1086:Shipowners owe a
1020:seafarers' rights
1008:marine navigation
1004:
1003:
996:
897:U.S. Constitution
893:United States law
815:England and Wales
676:
675:
614:Athens Convention
580:MARPOL Convention
531:Hague-Visby Rules
420:Freight forwarder
365:Proof of delivery
220:Maritime security
57:Code of Hammurabi
16:(Redirected from
4856:
4773:Passage planning
4733:Maritime studies
4692:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4449:Question of fact
4330:Criminal justice
3660:Construction law
3655:Conflict of laws
3620:Agricultural law
3462:
3455:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3391:
3382:
3376:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3290:
3284:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3209:
3203:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3103:. Archived from
3099:Nathalie Mouly.
3096:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3046:. Archived from
3045:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3009:
2995:
2989:
2976:
2970:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2942:. Archived from
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2885:. Archived from
2884:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2847:
2841:
2828:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2504:
2503:
2485:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2428:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2282:admiralty courts
1930:Ghent University
1813:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1762:
1754:
1551:marine insurance
1271:The Oregon Rule.
1032:marine insurance
999:
992:
988:
985:
979:
955:
954:
947:
920:Thomas Jefferson
856:effectively the
832:
759:
750:Hanseatic League
743:
668:
661:
654:
575:SOLAS Convention
562:
427:Captain (Master)
225:Letter of marque
182:Marine insurance
91:Hanseatic League
44:
30:
29:
21:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4699:
4696:
4666:
4661:
4634:
4620:
4611:
4588:
4579:Political party
4552:Legal education
4540:Law enforcement
4520:Court of equity
4478:
4454:Question of law
4407:Practice of law
4387:Judicial review
4301:
4252:Legal formalism
4232:Comparative law
4227:Contract theory
4210:
4130:Legal pluralism
4101:
4090:Act of Congress
4014:Executive order
3980:
3882:
3801:Nationality law
3726:Immigration law
3650:Competition law
3603:
3471:
3466:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3383:
3379:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3354:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3275:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3217:EduMaritime.net
3211:
3210:
3206:
3194:{{cite web|url=
3193:
3189:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3150:EduMaritime.net
3144:
3143:
3139:
3133:Wayback Machine
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3107:on 4 March 2016
3097:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3016:
3012:
3007:Wayback Machine
2996:
2992:
2987:Wayback Machine
2977:
2973:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2857:Wayback Machine
2848:
2844:
2838:Wayback Machine
2829:
2825:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2725:10.2307/1061000
2709:
2705:
2686:10.2307/1120603
2671:
2670:
2666:
2657:
2653:
2646:Adler v Dickson
2643:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2609:"Trial By Jury"
2607:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2558:Ames Foundation
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2482:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2397:General average
2372:Admiralty court
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2284:with no actual
2246:
2240:
2103:in maritime law
2097:Lund University
1861:
1843:. The Pakistan
1833:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1779:
1763:
1752:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1690:
1682:Rotterdam Rules
1635:vessel arrests
1612:
1607:
1601:
1526:
1520:
1471:. Although the
1457:continental law
1437:
1432:
1387:
1377:
1278:
1238:
1225:Central America
1208:St. Johns River
1202:ships (the USS
1153:
1147:
1130:
1124:
1116:Himalaya clause
1084:
1078:
1048:Rolls of Oléron
1044:
1000:
989:
983:
980:
969:
956:
952:
945:
853:Judicature Acts
819:Admiralty Court
800:Rolls of Oléron
731:
672:
605:
602:
564:
560:
558:
541:Rotterdam Rules
510:Admiralty court
450:Freight company
441:
203:General average
184:
155:Merchant marine
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4846:
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4824:
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4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4768:Propeller walk
4765:
4760:
4755:
4753:Ship stability
4750:
4745:
4743:Nautical terms
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:Ice navigation
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4660:
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4652:
4645:
4631:
4628:Law portal
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4471:
4466:
4464:Trial advocacy
4461:
4456:
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4404:
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4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
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4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3994:Ballot measure
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3971:Legal treatise
3968:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3937:Letters patent
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3888:Sources of law
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3873:Unenforced law
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
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3798:
3793:
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3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Commercial law
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
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3547:
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3522:
3517:
3512:
3511:
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3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3398:External links
3396:
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3311:
3285:
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3204:
3187:
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2990:
2971:
2964:28 U.S.C.
2956:
2938:Ordon v. Grail
2926:
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2842:
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2394:
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2374:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2348:
2332:
2329:
2248:A pseudolegal
2239:
2236:
2235:
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2226:
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2209:
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2192:
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2128:United Kingdom
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1860:
1857:
1832:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1744:common carrier
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1689:
1688:Applicable law
1686:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1611:
1608:
1603:Main article:
1600:
1597:
1575:
1574:
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1554:
1548:
1522:Main article:
1519:
1516:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1376:
1373:
1345:European Union
1290:United Nations
1277:
1274:
1237:
1234:
1219:Chesapeake Bay
1151:Marine salvage
1146:
1143:
1123:
1120:
1080:Main article:
1077:
1074:
1043:
1040:
1002:
1001:
984:September 2010
966:of the subject
964:worldwide view
959:
957:
950:
944:
941:
881:Stamp Act 1765
870:Rolls Building
784:Second Crusade
730:
727:
719:European Union
711:mineral rights
703:law of the sea
674:
673:
671:
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656:
648:
645:
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609:SAR Convention
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403:
399:
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391:
390:
389:
379:
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367:
362:
357:
352:
351:
350:
340:
335:
334:
333:
326:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
289:Bill of lading
286:
281:
276:
268:
267:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
252:
250:Wartime prizes
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
217:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
179:
178:
177:
172:
167:
165:Passenger ship
162:
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150:
145:
140:
135:
121:
120:
119:
114:
101:
100:
96:
95:
94:
93:
88:
83:
76:
75:
74:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4861:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Admiralty law
4837:
4836:
4834:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:Hydrodynamics
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Civil society
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:Trier of fact
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4355:Legal opinion
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Court-martial
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4307:Jurisprudence
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:Statutory law
4194:
4192:
4191:Socialist law
4189:
4185:
4184:Byzantine law
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4135:Religious law
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4107:Legal systems
4104:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:Statutory law
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Statutory law
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Transport law
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Legal fiction
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Financial law
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Corporate law
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Statutory law
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:Core subjects
3474:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3353:, 3 June 2014
3352:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3253:on 2022-02-04
3249:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3053:on 2021-04-15
3049:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2946:on 2011-03-19
2945:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2913:
2906:
2892:on 2012-04-24
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2814:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2501:
2499:9780415843201
2495:
2491:
2483:
2481:9781843141969
2477:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Amalfian Laws
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:Oceans portal
2354:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2280:hence became
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:United States
2193:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
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2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2004:
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1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
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1971:
1968:
1965:
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1948:
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1941:
1940:
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1936:
1931:
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1776:
1772:
1767:This section
1765:
1761:
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1755:
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1733:
1729:
1723:
1722:Freight claim
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1569:contracts of
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1230:Cape Hatteras
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1177:
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1169:
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1161:
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1140:
1139:Erie Doctrine
1135:
1129:
1128:Maritime lien
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1070:
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930:
925:
924:James Madison
921:
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809:
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801:
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767:
766:Amalfian Laws
763:
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757:
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737:
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720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
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697:
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685:is a body of
684:
680:
679:Admiralty law
669:
664:
662:
657:
655:
650:
649:
647:
646:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
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536:Hamburg Rules
534:
532:
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516:
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387:International
385:
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321:
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315:
314:Force majeure
312:
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305:
302:
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297:
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287:
285:
282:
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274:Affreightment
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208:Seaworthiness
206:
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117:Fisheries law
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86:Amalfian Laws
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32:
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4777:
4718:Watchkeeping
4654:
4647:
4633:
4619:
4392:Jurisdiction
4360:Legal remedy
4315:Adjudication
4215:Legal theory
4053:Ratification
4048:Promulgation
4019:Proclamation
3999:Codification
3932:Human rights
3920:Divine right
3910:Constitution
3878:Women in law
3796:Military law
3791:Marriage law
3786:Maritime law
3785:
3685:Election law
3625:Aviation law
3615:Abortion law
3567:Property law
3503:Criminal law
3385:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3355:, retrieved
3345:
3339:
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3323:
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3105:the original
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2887:the original
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2519:
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2430:Such as the
2426:
2320:
2316:
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2306:
2302:legally dead
2294:
2290:gold fringes
2286:jurisdiction
2274:corporations
2247:
2060:South Africa
1862:
1841:shipping law
1834:
1819:
1804:
1795:
1780:Please help
1768:
1725:
1716:Cargo claims
1704:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1644:quasi in rem
1643:
1636:
1627:
1613:
1610:Jurisdiction
1586:
1579:
1576:
1538:
1527:
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1481:
1477:King's Bench
1461:Scottish law
1438:
1416:Somali Basin
1412:Gulf of Aden
1409:
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1101:
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933:John Hancock
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874:
858:King's Bench
842:
817:, a special
812:
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770:
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700:
696:multilateral
683:maritime law
682:
678:
677:
360:Packing list
328:
265:Charterparty
175:Registration
148:Shipbuilding
78:
69:
62:
33:
18:Shipping law
4783:Dry-docking
4564:Legislature
4495:Bureaucracy
4292:Rule of man
4287:Rule of law
4262:Libertarian
4125:Chinese law
4026:Legislation
3976:Regulations
3964:Law reports
3942:Natural law
3838:Reparations
3833:Refugee law
3756:Jurimetrics
3697:(Media law)
3635:Banking law
3630:Amnesty law
3608:Disciplines
3545:Private law
2968:§ 1333
2613:history.org
2585:"Stamp Act"
2313:citizenship
2270:governments
1998:Netherlands
1557:warehousing
1545:stevedoring
1418:, Southern
844:sui generis
736:Rhodian law
502:Judiciaries
304:Consignment
4833:Categories
4818:Sea anchor
4713:Navigation
4705:Seamanship
4557:Law school
4437:Prosecutor
4375:Magistrate
4162:Jewish law
4120:Common law
4041:Rulemaking
4036:Regulation
3986:Law making
3925:Divine law
3901:Legal code
3848:Sports law
3771:Law of war
3721:Health law
3706:Family law
3690:Energy law
3640:Bankruptcy
3577:Punishment
3572:Public law
3357:2022-07-12
3331:2022-01-20
3305:January 6,
3257:2022-02-07
3181:2024-07-05
3057:2021-02-25
2950:2012-01-10
2920:2012-05-25
2896:2011-09-27
2804:2018-08-28
2779:2018-08-28
2618:2019-10-31
2594:2019-10-31
2534:2015-04-02
2511:References
2345:Law portal
2266:common law
2242:See also:
1736:navigation
1732:act of God
1441:common law
1397:flag state
1379:See also:
1357:Luxembourg
1210:, and the
1204:Maple Leaf
1149:See also:
1126:See also:
1082:Negligence
1034:, and the
1022:, and the
909:John Adams
839:common law
760:(1063) at
698:treaties.
324:Commercial
299:Chartering
213:Total loss
188:Act of God
160:Cargo ship
4813:Anchoring
4535:Judiciary
4530:Executive
4505:The bench
4442:Solicitor
4417:Barrister
4297:Sociology
4282:Pseudolaw
4222:Anarchist
4179:Roman law
4167:Parsi law
4152:Hindu law
4140:Canon law
4115:Civil law
4068:Concordat
3959:Precedent
3868:Trust law
3843:Space law
3680:Drugs law
3550:Procedure
3488:Civil law
3281:Benchmark
3222:11 August
3156:11 August
3111:17 August
3001:(essay).
2758:(3): 359.
2548:Bracton.
2367:Admiralty
2325:frivolous
2309:ownership
2278:judiciary
2244:Pseudolaw
2047:Singapore
1825:Jones Act
1769:does not
1670:Jones Act
1488:Singapore
1469:Roman law
1451:, and of
1246:collision
1188:(such as
1059:ongoing.
976:talk page
922:wrote to
918:In 1787,
841:, albeit
835:Justinian
823:civil law
494:Stevedore
472:Principal
467:Consignor
462:Consignee
445:Charterer
330:Pro forma
309:Demurrage
294:Brokerage
245:Smuggling
240:Pollution
198:Collision
4788:Ropework
4728:Pilotage
4642:Category
4584:Tribunal
4569:Military
4412:Attorney
4382:Judgment
4242:Feminist
4157:Jain law
3954:Case law
3675:Cyberlaw
3582:Corporal
3560:Criminal
3530:Evidence
3520:Doctrine
3498:Contract
3129:Archived
3003:Archived
2983:Archived
2853:Archived
2834:Archived
2660:Allision
2331:See also
2115:Thailand
1955:Malaysia
1837:Pakistan
1831:Pakistan
1798:May 2020
1740:bailment
1701:doctrine
1571:carriage
1484:Pakistan
1330:Brussels
1303:), the
1250:allision
1242:allision
1236:Allision
1214:Virginia
1024:carriage
970:You may
943:Features
905:New York
764:and the
561:(UNCLOS)
355:Manifest
348:Maritime
284:Barratry
170:Mortgage
129:Shipping
99:Features
4808:Mooring
4803:Buoyage
4738:Sailing
4656:Outline
4593:History
4500:The bar
4474:Verdict
4422:Counsel
4402:Justice
4257:History
4080:Statute
3896:Charter
3858:Tax law
3806:Probate
2733:1061000
2694:1120603
2589:HISTORY
2432:COLREGS
2034:Romania
1938:Germany
1925:Belgium
1790:removed
1775:sources
1617:of the
1463:and in
1420:Red Sea
1365:Hamburg
1206:in the
1194:in the
1157:salvage
1104:England
1097:Seattle
1012:salvage
786:in the
772:Bracton
748:or the
729:History
455:Manager
439:Carrier
402:Parties
394:Waybill
370:Salvage
338:Laytime
319:Invoice
143:Freight
112:Illegal
107:Fishing
71:Digesta
49:History
4574:Police
4545:Agency
4427:Lawyer
4172:Sharia
4063:Treaty
4058:Repeal
4004:Decree
3915:Custom
3811:Estate
3761:Labour
3525:Equity
2966:
2799:Leagle
2731:
2692:
2496:
2478:
2446:, etc.
2276:. The
2092:Sweden
2011:Norway
1884:France
1868:Canada
1821:Seamen
1637:in rem
1564:agency
1518:Canada
1508:Panama
1453:US law
1381:Piracy
1375:Piracy
1369:UNCLOS
1309:MARPOL
1254:bridge
1052:seaman
804:regent
796:Oléron
487:Mutiny
482:Seaman
415:Factor
279:Agency
235:Piracy
4793:Knots
4649:Index
4515:Court
4459:Trial
4365:Judge
4206:Yassa
4009:Edict
3555:Civil
3508:Crime
3251:(PDF)
3244:(PDF)
3051:(PDF)
3044:(PDF)
2915:(PDF)
2890:(PDF)
2883:(PDF)
2729:JSTOR
2690:JSTOR
2436:SOLAS
2418:Notes
2407:Prize
2272:with
2073:Spain
1981:Malta
1945:with
1905:Brest
1659:prize
1566:, and
1492:India
1447:, of
1361:ITLOS
1093:Miami
1028:goods
762:Trani
723:ITLOS
477:Owner
410:Agent
382:Terms
230:Drugs
193:Cargo
138:Cargo
133:Ferry
4397:Jury
4345:Fiqh
4201:Xeer
3599:Tort
3515:Deed
3307:2022
3224:2022
3158:2022
3113:2015
2817:See
2494:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2444:ISPS
2317:dock
2256:and
2101:LL.M
1990:LL.M
1964:LL.M
1773:any
1771:cite
1705:Erie
1699:Erie
1694:Erie
1439:The
1422:and
1383:and
1353:CJEU
1349:EMSA
1301:STCW
1258:dock
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1134:lien
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