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Army to implement an interim remedy prior to deciding on a permanent remedy. The Army chose to construct a $ 16 million cap. Public comments for this interim action opposed the cap, focusing on the Army's characterization of the type of waste in the landfill, the geologic instability of the ravine and bluff environment, and the proximity to Lake
Michigan from which local drinking water is drawn. The Army responded that the cap was an interim solution that was thought to be effective for temporary containment of the waste.
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259:. When the main fort was officially closed by the Army on May 3, 1993, the majority of the property was sold by the Department of Defense to commercial land developers. Most of the original housing structures were then refurbished and resold as a residential community. Other buildings were given to cultural organizations like
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commission. The Army began evaluating the permanent closure of
Landfill 7 and the inherent problems with its maintenance. Because Landfill 7 had been dispensing 14,000 gallons of leachate per day into Lake Michigan, and the leachate was above state environmental effluent standards, CERCLA allowed the
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The geological setting of Fort
Sheridan is tableland above a 70-foot (21 m) high bluff in an area cut by seven deep ravines. The bluff overlooks Lake Michigan and the ravines create an open face in the bluff at the beach's edge. Over the years, the Army filled in the ravines with waste generated
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was hired to create a site plan for Fort
Sheridan which was to include a parade ground for drills. Simonds used a natural ravine to border the meadow created for the purpose. A scenic drive was incorporated into the plan which showcased natural vistas and brick and stone officers' housing. The effect
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After the interim containment remedy was selected on April 22, 1997, the Army brought in Dr. Shabica to evaluate the shore protections as part of the design phase. On
December 2, 1997, he informed the Army that the cap, as designed, would fail due to erosion. The Army responded by purchasing a new
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permit was not issued while the landfill was operating, and a high-density plastic containment liner was not used between the ravine and the waste. Regulatory oversight did not begin until 1979 when the State of
Illinois commenced litigation. An operating permit was issued two months after the
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landfill ceased operations. The Army then applied for a closure permit, installed a leachate collection system, and placed a clay cap over
Landfill 7. By 1982, the cap had failed due to ponding of water and the failure of the leachate collection system to collect
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found in the remedial investigation, remedial action, and feasibility study was skewed in favor of the Army's preferred remedy which was less expensive. According to the FY2006 Defense
Environmental Restoration Program Annual Report To Congress,
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Walsh, Don and
Liberman, Polina, Fort Sheridan Landfills 6 & 7 Closure. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University on behalf of Chicago Environmental Law Clinic August 2003 pg 26. Northwestern University
372:, originally the tallest structure in the Chicago area, was altered and shortened by 60 feet (18 m) in 1940. The row of buildings flanking the tower were troop barracks. The 110 acre (450,000 m) Historic District, placed on the
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Responsiveness
Summary. Mayor Geraci of Highland Park, Mayor Sirotti of Highwood, the League of Women Voters of Lake Forest/Lake Bluff/Highland Park, the Lake Michigan Federation, and the Sierra Club all opposed the interim capping
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263:, the largest youth music program in the Midwest. Approximately 90 acres (36 ha) of the southern end of the original post were retained by the Army; there the Army now operates the Sheridan Reserve Center complex.
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Walsh, Don and Liberman, Polina, Fort Sheridan Landfills 6 & 7 Closure. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University on behalf of Chicago Environmental Law Clinic August 2003 pg
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arrived in November 1887 to what was initially called Camp Highwood. A year later, Camp Highwood was renamed Fort Sheridan. Troops stationed at Fort Sheridan were used in 1894 to quell labor unrest during the
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The decision to cap Landfill 7 as the final remedy conflicts with some of the recommendations of the geological community. The Army is the lead agency in determining cleanup alternatives. Opponents claim the
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system designed by Dr. Shabica's company. The interim cap was completed in June 2004, and the Army may propose making capping the final remedy based on the same analysis that supported the interim action.
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Shabica, Charles W. and Charles Shabica & Associates. Review of Erosion Control Features for Interim Remedial Action Landfills 6 & 7, Fort Sheridan, Illinois, November 25, 1997.
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Illinois Department of Transportation; Division of Water Resources. Harmony with the Lake: Guide to Bluff Stabilization, Lake Michigan, IL. The Illinois Coastal Zone Management Program.
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by military operations. The most toxic waste was placed in the Wells Ravine, also known as Landfill 7. The United States Environmental Protection Agency considers Landfill 7 to be a
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338:. Fort Sheridan processed nearly 20,000 returning wounded soldiers and helped them return to civilian life through physical and occupational training reenter the workforce. During
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An Army Reserve base continues to use about 90 acres (360,000 m) of the original Post. The remaining property is divided between the
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The 94 buildings in the Historic District, built between 1889 and 1910, include 64 structures that were the first major works of the
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USACE, Decision Document (DD) for Interim Source Control Action for Landfills 6 and 7 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. April 22, 1997.
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in the upper Midwest from 1953 to 1973, at which point it returned to providing administrative and logistical support services.
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of Chicago. These earliest buildings are made of bricks molded and fired on site, using clay mined from lakefront bluffs. The
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In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Fort Sheridan was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the
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Fort Sheridan closed in 1993. The decision to close Fort Sheridan came in the 1989 first round of base closings under the
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National Priorities List (NPL) location. The landfills were not operated in an environmentally sound manner. An
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58.7 million in cleanup funding had been appropriated for Fort Sheridan. Estimated cost to completion was
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National Guard was stationed there in 1950. Fort Sheridan served as the base for supplying and servicing
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921:. : Clerical School and the Visual Training Aids Section, 1672nd Service Unit, 1944.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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438:. The Army stated that the cap failure was caused by failure to maintain the cap.
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Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy
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used a warehouse on the base to build interior sets for his Oscar-winning film
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in 1886 to arrange for the donation of 632 acres (2.6 km) of land to the
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645:. Vol. VI–A. Saginaw, MI: Seemann & Peters. p. 554 – via
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Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
801:. Chicago : Military Training Camps Association of the United States.
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Fort Sheridan became a mobilization and training center beginning with the
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The history and achievements of the Fort Sheridan officers' training camps
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Defense Environmental Restoration Program Annual Report To Congress FY2006
1747:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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Society of Architectural Historians SAH ARCHIPEDIA entry on Fort Sheridan
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Microsoft Word - Proposed Plan Landfills 6 & 7 Final Remedy Final.doc
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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Hostiles? : the Lakota ghost dance and Buffalo Bill's Wild West
705:. Enhanced Preliminary Assessment Report: Fort Sheridan 1989 pg. 24.
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Dahl, Arthur G. ; Military Training Camps Association (U.S.).
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Melichar, Paul ; Melichar, Diana ; Smith, Nina Bennett.
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View from the tower : a history of Fort Sheridan, Illinois
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The history of Fort Sheridan from its beginnings to World War I
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National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Illinois
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Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
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By 1989, Fort Sheridan was facing potential closure by the
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Holabird & Roche; Office of the Quartermaster General
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Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)
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The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
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Fort Sheridan mobilization reserve component handbook
883:. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.
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of the plan was lauded as picturesque and charming.
243:, United States. It was originally established as a
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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The Town of Fort Sheridan, IL - About Fort Sheridan
416:and a variety of ongoing commercial developments.
1868:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
691:US EPA Region 5 Superfund Division, Fort Sheridan
380:in 1984. In 1979, the site was documented by the
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906:. Lake Forest, Ill. : Paul Melichar, 2000.
330:, activities at Fort Sheridan included two 1917
2260:National Register of Historic Places portal
585:"The proud history of architecture in Illinois"
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2311:Closed installations of the United States Army
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63:Fort Sheridan water tower and barracks complex
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972:US Army Headquarters, Fort Sheridan, Illinois
350:. The 174th Military Police Battalion of the
989:. : Headquarters Ft. Sheridan , 1983.
951:. Charleston, SC : Arcadia Pub., 2008.
816:. Charleston, SC : Arcadia Pub., 2004.
282:Looking north on Fort Sheridan in the 1970s.
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290:, concerned since 1877 with the need for a
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512:National Historic Landmark summary listing
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1808:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1164:Map of Illinois highlighting Lake County
904:Fort Sheridan : historical analysis
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2341:National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
932:Sorenson, Martha E.; Martz, Douglas A.
608:
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985:United States Department of the Army.
970:United States Department of the Army.
919:The history of Fort Sheridan, Illinois
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484:"National Register Information System"
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799:The sentinel : Sixth Corps Area
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583:Waldinger, Mike (January 30, 2018).
489:National Register of Historic Places
374:National Register of Historic Places
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467:22.2 million estimated for FY2003.
270:Illinois component (AIA Illinois).
227:is the former Fort Sheridan now in
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2331:1993 disestablishments in Illinois
2223:National Historic Preservation Act
1159:
1078:Municipalities and communities of
1013:Globalsecurity.org - Fort Sheridan
853:. The Fort Sheridan Association .
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385:Historic American Buildings Survey
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612:Midwestern Landscape Architecture
508:"Fort Sheridan Historic District"
225:Philip H. Sheridan Reserve Center
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615:. University of Illinois Press.
268:American Institute of Architects
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2326:1887 establishments in Illinois
936:. : W.W. Sorenson, 1985.
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46:U.S. National Historic Landmark
29:Fort Sheridan Historic District
2176:Federated States of Micronesia
1822:Architectural style categories
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639:(1920). Robinson, Wirt (ed.).
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557:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
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115:Show map of the United States
1020:- Survey number HABS IL-1113
609:Tishler, William H. (2004).
589:Springfield Business Journal
443:Base Realignment and Closure
410:Lake County Forest Preserves
403:Base Realignment and Closure
18:United States historic place
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1008:EPA Region 5, Fort Sheridan
703:Argonne National Laboratory
255:, to honor his services to
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2228:Historic Preservation Fund
2207:American Legation, Morocco
378:National Historic Landmark
376:in 1980, was designated a
334:, which were commanded by
332:Officers' Training Centers
288:Commercial Club of Chicago
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456:Analysis of Alternatives
356:Nike antimissile systems
2296:Highland Park, Illinois
1024:Nike Historical Society
660:"The Reawakening", 1919
551:Gannett, Henry (1905).
514:. National Park Service
294:, was motivated by the
129:Fort Sheridan, Illinois
2145:Minor Outlying Islands
2128:Lists by insular areas
1842:Keeper of the Register
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864:Haberkamp, Douglas B.
834:Fort Sheridan (Ill.).
420:Environmental concerns
283:
2291:Lake Forest, Illinois
1847:National Park Service
1827:Contributing property
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1081:Lake County, Illinois
1034:Illinois Great Places
494:National Park Service
281:
261:Midwest Young Artists
241:Lake County, Illinois
156:42.21250°N 87.81056°W
2202:District of Columbia
1765:United States portal
366:Holabird & Roche
324:Spanish–American War
90:Show map of Illinois
496:. January 23, 2007.
382:Library of Congress
352:Leavenworth, Kansas
348:Jonathan Wainwright
316:Ossian Cole Simonds
214:Designated NHL
161:42.21250; -87.81056
152: /
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1722:Former settlements
1378:Round Lake Heights
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390:In 1979, director
363:architectural firm
302:for this purpose.
300:Federal Government
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245:United States Army
209:September 29, 1980
2306:Forts in Illinois
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1832:Historic district
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637:Cullum, George W.
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2064:Rhode Island
2059:Pennsylvania
2039:North Dakota
1683:Prairie View
1612:Diamond Lake
1545:Channel Lake
1482:Libertyville
1398:Vernon Hills
1316:Lincolnshire
1311:Libertyville
1269:Indian Creek
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2195:Other areas
2155:Puerto Rico
1989:Mississippi
1904:Connecticut
1703:Sylvan Lake
1637:Grange Hall
1599:communities
1550:Forest Lake
1393:Tower Lakes
1321:Lindenhurst
1300:Lake Zurich
1274:Island Lake
1259:Hainesville
1192:Bannockburn
1131:Lake Forest
1096:County seat
594:January 30,
414:Great Lakes
370:water tower
328:World War I
229:Lake Forest
159: /
135:Coordinates
2285:Categories
2104:Washington
2024:New Mexico
2019:New Jersey
1894:California
1677:Palm Beach
1642:Grass Lake
1560:Gages Lake
1477:Lake Villa
1388:Third Lake
1368:Round Lake
1363:Riverwoods
1326:Long Grove
1295:Lake Villa
1290:Lake Bluff
1249:Green Oaks
1209:Beach Park
1197:Barrington
785:, page 84.
518:October 3,
471:References
147:87°48′38″W
144:42°12′45″N
2114:Wisconsin
2079:Tennessee
1984:Minnesota
1959:Louisiana
1743:Footnotes
1693:Rosecrans
1672:Monaville
1662:Loon Lake
1647:Ingleside
1607:Aptakisic
1580:Long Lake
1570:Knollwood
1434:Townships
1408:Wadsworth
1336:Mundelein
1244:Grayslake
1226:Deerfield
1220:Deer Park
1141:Park City
965:184823770
912:680744071
427:Superfund
314:In 1888,
249:Civil War
180:Architect
2270:Category
2099:Virginia
2049:Oklahoma
2029:New York
2004:Nebraska
1994:Missouri
1979:Michigan
1969:Maryland
1954:Kentucky
1934:Illinois
1909:Delaware
1899:Colorado
1889:Arkansas
1729:Half Day
1713:Wildwood
1667:Millburn
1517:Waukegan
1512:Wauconda
1418:Wheeling
1413:Wauconda
1351:Palatine
1305:Lakemoor
1232:Fox Lake
1173:Villages
1146:Waukegan
1126:Highwood
1103:Waukegan
995:10214474
980:16538932
942:15132979
927:27923469
897:61285768
868:. 1980.
844:45632229
829:58726172
807:28528203
436:leachate
233:Highwood
195:80001379
125:Location
2216:Related
2119:Wyoming
2094:Vermont
1999:Montana
1939:Indiana
1919:Georgia
1914:Florida
1884:Arizona
1874:Alabama
1698:Russell
1688:Rondout
1657:Kennedy
1652:Ivanhoe
1497:Shields
1492:Newport
1487:Moraine
1467:Fremont
1442:Antioch
1331:Mettawa
1280:Kildeer
1181:Antioch
874:8855211
734:action.
274:History
257:Chicago
2054:Oregon
2009:Nevada
1949:Kansas
1924:Hawaii
1879:Alaska
1815:Topics
1734:Wilson
1632:Gilmer
1507:Warren
1502:Vernon
1452:Benton
1254:Gurnee
1113:Cities
993:
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963:
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925:
910:
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857:
842:
827:
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805:
724:study.
619:
534:"Home"
304:Troops
235:, and
2186:Palau
2084:Texas
1964:Maine
1929:Idaho
1595:Other
1472:Grant
172:Built
2140:Guam
2089:Utah
2044:Ohio
1944:Iowa
1617:Eddy
1537:CDPs
1527:Zion
1457:Cuba
1447:Avon
1403:Volo
1151:Zion
991:OCLC
976:OCLC
961:OCLC
953:ISBN
938:OCLC
923:OCLC
908:OCLC
893:OCLC
885:ISBN
870:OCLC
855:OCLC
840:OCLC
838:. .
825:OCLC
818:ISBN
803:OCLC
617:ISBN
596:2018
520:2007
431:IEPA
346:and
286:The
223:The
175:1889
1462:Ela
773:26.
559:129
239:in
190:No.
2287::
1099::
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540:.
522:.
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