Sheikh Abdullah - Knowledge

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Sardar Patel dated 7 October 1948 in which he wrote, "With the taking over of the State forces by the Indian Government, it was agreed that steps would be taken to reorganise and rebuild our army so that when the present emergency is over and the Indian forces are withdrawn the State will be left with a proper organised army of its own to fall back upon." (Sheikh Abdullah has alleged that most of the Muslim soldiers of the Militia were either discharged or imprisoned before his arrest in 1953. The Militia (dubbed as Dagan Brigade) was converted from a State Militia to a regular unit of the Indian Army on 2 December 1972 and redesignated the

651: 994: 121: 954: 715:. He was released after serving his sentence on 24 February 1939 and accorded a grand reception by the people of Srinagar on his return. Speeches were made at the reception stressing the importance of unity among Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. Subsequently the resolution for changing the name of Muslim Conference to National Conference was ratified with an overwhelming majority by the General Council of the Muslim Conference on 11 June 1939 and from that date Muslim Conference became National Conference. 826: 738: 612:

Hassan Shah Naqshbandi, Mirwaiz Kashmir, Molvi Ahmad-Ullah, Mirwaiz Hamadani, Agha Syed Hussain Shah Jalali, Mufti Sharif-ud-din, Molvi Atiq-Ullah and Haji Jafar Khan. According to Abdullah Sheikh this effort was not successful because of the unfavourable reception of the idea by the non-Muslim parties. Sheikh Abdullah campaigned to change the name of the Muslim Conference to National Conference, under the influence of among others

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police administration failed. The Maharaja, in the dead of the night, left the capital along with his courtiers, and the result was absolute panic. There was no one to take over control. In that hour of crisis, the National Conference came forward with 10,000 volunteers and took over the administration of .

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The government of Pakistan in 1947 viewed Abdullah and his party as agents of Nehru and did not recognise his leadership of Kashmir. He spoke against Pakistani government in United Nations by comparing it with Hitler's rule, and he also endorsed Indian stand on Jammu and Kashmir. However, there was a

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was written by the noted Kashmiri author M.Y. Taing and published after Sheikh Abdullah's death. It is often referred to as his autobiography as Taing claimed that he only acted as an amanuensis. It is based on extensive interviews that Taing had with Sheikh Abdullah and provides valuable information

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also sent telegrams to Nehru and Sheikh Abdullah with the message that as Pakistan too was a party to the Kashmir dispute any resolution of the conflict without its participation would not be acceptable to Pakistan. This paved the way for Sheikh Abdullah's visit to Pakistan to help broker a solution

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and Padshanama. This was followed by a primary school run by the Anjuman Nusrat-ul-Islam, however the low standards of education resulted in Abdullah shifting to the district school at Visrarnaag. After five grades here he shifted to Government High School, Dilawar Bagh. He had to walk the distance

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While the raiders came to our land, massacred thousands of people — mostly Hindus and Sikhs, but Muslims too — abducted thousands of girls, Hindu, Sikhs and Muslims alike, looted our property and almost reached the gates of our summer capital, Srinagar, the result was that the civil, military and

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He presented these demands to the Maharajah in a speech on 28 August 1938. The Maharajah was not willing to accept these demands and so he along with many of his companions was arrested for defying prohibitory orders and sentenced to six months imprisonment and a fine. His arrest provoked a public

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Over the years, especially after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the subsequent Simla Agreement of 1972, the focus on the plebiscite diminished. The political realities shifted towards maintaining the status quo, with India and Pakistan managing their respective parts of Kashmir. The political

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In March 1933 the Muslim Conference constituted a committee which included Molvi Abdullah and nine other members for the purpose of establishing contacts with non-Muslim parties and exploring the possibility of forming a joint organisation. Those nine members were Khwaja Saad-ud-din Shawl, Khwaja

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Reading Room Party was given in 1930 and Sheikh Abdullah became the Secretary of the party. During Abdullah's time the reading room party was located in the house of Mufti Ziauddin. For Abdullah, "the establishment of reading room(s) was an excuse"; rather it was an opportunity to get together to

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The Indira–Sheikh Accord of 1975 was a result of prolonged negotiations where Sheikh Abdullah agreed to accept the position of Chief Minister under the Indian Constitution, effectively dropping the demand for a plebiscite. He became CM with support of INC which had 61 out of 75 seats in assembly

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even before the Indian troops had landed. This group of volunteers would serve as the nucleus for the subsequent formation of Jammu and Kashmir Militia. This, Sheikh Abdullah hoped, would take over the defence of Kashmir after the Indian army was withdrawn. This was articulated in his letter to

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n consistence with their policy that in the case of any State where the issue of accession has been the subject of dispute, the question of accession should be decided in accordance with the wishes of the people of the State, it is my Government's wish that, as soon as law and order have been

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climate in J&K had also evolved, with new leaders and parties emerging, and the National Conference (NC) losing its dominant position. Also, evident from the fact that his party who won 70 out of 75 seats in state election in 1962 won only 8 seats in 1967 while 0 seats in 1972 election.

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As a result of the 1931 agitation, the Maharajah appointed a Grievances Commission with an Englishman B.J. Glancy as president who submitted its report in March 1932. Subsequently, a Constitutional Reforms Conference also presided over by B.J. Glancy recommended the setting up of an elected

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for the rights of all oppressed sections of the society and not Muslims alone. It was not a communal party and would struggle for the rights of the oppressed, whether Hindu, Muslim or Sikh, with the same fervor. He reasserted that the struggle of Kashmiris was not a communal struggle.

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had denounced Sheikh Abdullah as a turncoat and traitor. Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas embraced him and in his speech described him as one of the greatest leaders of the subcontinent and a great benefactor of the Muslims of the subcontinent. President Ayub Khan and his then Foreign minister

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The birth anniversary of Abdullah was a public holiday in the state until 2019. "Sher-e-Kashmir" has been dropped from a number of places, including a conference hall, the state award and police medal. There are a number of institutions and buildings named after him, such as the

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One of the first incidents which led Abdullah's Reading Room Party to gain wider recognition was after writing a letter to the government related to government recruitment policies. Subsequently they were called to present their views in front of the Regency Council headed by

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was also banned. This was allegedly done to prevent him and the Plebiscite Front which was supported by him from taking part in elections in Kashmir. Again, he was exiled from Kashmir in 1971-72 for 18 months, during which period the Indo-Pak war of 1971 came to be waged.

3083:(Annotated 2015 edition with 38 References and 650 footnotes is available at http:// books.google.co.in.It has chapters on The Kashmir Committee, Jinnah's first visit to Kashmir, and describes errors of omission and commission in Atish e Chinar all for the first time.) 924:

in Pakistan-administered Kashmir when he received the news. He addressed a public rally at Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and returned to Delhi. On his suggestion, President Ayub Khan sent a high level Pakistani delegation led by his Foreign Minister

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with Sheikh Abdullah as president, Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas as general secretary, and Molvi Abdul Rahim as Secretary was formed on 16 October 1932. In his presidential address Sheikh Abdullah categorically stated that the Muslim Conference had come into existence to

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In the 1920s there were a couple of 'reading rooms' in Srinagar which consisted of the educated youth of the area and could only be formed after acquiring the permission of the government. Forming political associations the time was banned. In 1922,

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After his release he was reconciled with Nehru. Nehru requested Sheikh Abdullah to act as a bridge between India and Pakistan and make President Ayub to agree to come to New Delhi for talks for a final solution of the Kashmir problem. President

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was appointed the new prime minister. The expressions 'Sadr-i-Riyasat' and 'Prime Minister' were replaced with the terms 'Governor' and 'Chief Minister' in 1965. Sheikh Abdullah again became the Chief Minister of the state following the

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in mid June for talks with Nehru as suggested by him. Even the date of his proposed visit was fixed and communicated to New Delhi. However, before Ayub Khan could make his visit, Nehru died on 27 May 1964. The Sheikh was en route to

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on Sheikh Abdullah's family background, early life, ringside glimpses of happenings in Kashmir at a crucial juncture in its history, and his viewpoint about the political events in Kashmir in which he himself played a central role.

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and his dissident cabinet minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed was appointed as prime minister. Sheikh Abdullah was immediately arrested and later jailed for eleven years, accused of conspiracy against the state in the infamous

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agitation in which volunteers called Dictators (so called because they had the authority to defy laws that was forbidden for normal law-abiding party members) courted arrest. This agitation was called off on the appeal of

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discussed the Kashmir problem with him. The government of Pakistan treated him as a state guest. Sheikh Abdullah had the rare distinction of having poems in his praise written by three major Pakistani Urdu poets namely

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In May 1946 Sheikh Abdullah launched the Quit Kashmir agitation against Maharajah Hari Singh and was arrested and sentenced to three years imprisonment but was released only sixteen months later on 29 September 1947.

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He assumed the position of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. The Central Government and the ruling Congress Party withdrew its support so that the State Assembly had to be dissolved and mid term elections called.

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in support of his statement. A. G. Noorani writing in Frontline supports this view, as according to him Nehru himself ordered the arrest. On 8 April 1964, the state government dropped all charges in the so-called

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in October 1930. This was one of the first interactions of Sheikh Abdullah with the government and the favourable impression that Abdullah had left on Wakefield helped push his name into the public limelight.

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He introduced a resolution in the working committee of the Muslim Conference for changing its name to National Conference on 24 June 1938 to allow people from all communities to join the struggle against the

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I may also inform your Excellency's Government that it is my intention at once to set up an interim Government and ask Sheikh Abdullah to carry the responsibilities in this emergency with my Prime Minister.

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and lawyer Molvi Abdullah. Molvi Abdullah's son Molvi Abdul Rahim, Sheikh Abdullah and Ghulam Nabi Gilkar were the first three educated Kashmiri youth to be arrested during the public agitation of 1931.

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Sheikh Abdullah with other leaders of 1931 agitation. Sitting R to L: Sardar Gohar Rehman, Mistri Yaqoob Ali, Sheikh Abdullah, Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas. Standing R: Molvi Abdul Rahim, L:Ghulam Nabi Gilkar

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He raised a force of local Kashmiri volunteers to patrol Srinagar and take control of administration after the flight of the Maharaja along with his family and Prime Minister Meher Chand Mahajan to

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Sheikh Abdullah went to Pakistan in spring of 1964. President Ayub Khan of Pakistan held extensive talks with him to explore various avenues for solving the Kashmir problem and agreed to come to

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change in Pakistan's viewpoint with the passage of time. When he visited Pakistan in 1964 he was awarded a tumultuous welcome by the people of Pakistan. Among the persons who received him was

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and Jammu & Kashmir as a State and was later jailed by Indian government citing his support to Insurgents. He was dismissed from the position of Prime Ministership on 8 August 1953 and

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The National Conference won an overwhelming majority in the subsequent elections and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as Chief Minister. He remained as Chief Minister till his death in 1982.

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Volume 17 – Issue 19, 16–29 September, (Discusses illegality of Central Govt and Parliament's Actions in amending Article 370 without concurrence of Constituent Assembly of Kashmir)

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set up the Islamia School Old Boys Association (a reading room) with 20 members as part of the leadership, including Sheikh Abdullah. At this time Abdullah was still in college.

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issued by the Maharaja which was undated except for the mention of October 1947 in place of the date. He took charge as Head of the Emergency Administration on 30 October 1947.

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rule of the Maharaja. Meanwhile, he along with his liberal progressive friends, many of whom were not Muslim like Kashyap Bandhu, Jia Lal Kilam, Pandit Sudama Sidha,

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My Government and I note with satisfaction that your Highness has decided to invite Sheikh Abdullah to form an Interim Government to work with your Prime Minister

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Kashmiri polymath and lawyer Molvi Abdullah. His lectures motivated Abdullah Sheikh and other educated Muslim youth to struggle for justice and fundamental rights

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of ten miles to school and back on foot, but in his own words, the joy of being allowed to obtain a school education made it seem a light work. He passed his

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was responsible for the miseries of the Kashmiris and like all progressive nations of the world Kashmir too should have a democratically elected government.

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Lord Mountbatten accepted the accession after a meeting of the Defence Committee on 26 October 1947. In accepting the accession unconditionally he wrote, "

707:(New Kashmir) Manifesto (which was a charter of demands for granting a democratic constitution committed to the welfare of the common people of Kashmir). 76: 2571: 3272: 3257: 700: 3144:'s role in establishing modern filatures in Kashmir and his dream of making Kashmir a competitor for China and Japan in the international silk market. 1985: 3417: 781:

and prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a key factor in getting Sheikh Abdullah appointed as Head of the emergency administration by the Maharaja.

1988:. Text Of Letter Dated 26 October 1947 From Hari Singh, The Maharaja Of Jammu & Kashmir to Lord Mountbatten, The then Governor General of India. 647:

on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Sheikh Abdullah's Government had been accused of rigging in these elections to the constituent assembly.

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Abdullah, described as a six feet four inches (1.93 m) to six feet six inches (1.98 m) tall man, was fluent in both

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Even after the formation of Praja Sabha in 1934 as recommended by the Commission real power continued to remain in the hands of the Maharajah.

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restored in Kashmir and its soil cleared of the invader, the question of the State's accession should be settled by a reference to the people.

3442: 3422: 3392: 3265: 561: 1116: 394: 1289: 1183: 3397: 2798: 1492: 3387: 3066: 3037:(URDU). Muhafiz Publications Srinagar Volume 2 gives an account of events in Kashmir from 1932 to 1946 as seen by a local journalist. 903:. Sheikh Abdullah was released and returned to Srinagar where he was accorded an unprecedented welcome by the people of the valley." 2947:

Volume 23 – Issue 15 :: 29 July 11 August 2006 (Discusses Nehru's role in arrest of Sheikh Abdullah and erosion of Article 370)

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Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah (right), chosen to head interim government in Kashmir, confers with Sardar Patel, deputy premier of India

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did not have the right to vote. Roughly less than 10% (according to Justice Anand only 3%) of the population were enfranchised.

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I do hereby accept this Instrument of Accession. Dated this twenty seventh day of October, nineteen hundred and forty seven.

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Often referred to as Sheikh Abdullah's autobiography. It has not been copyrighted in deference to Sheikh Abdullah's wishes.

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According to Sheikh Abdullah his dismissal and arrest were engineered by the central government headed by Prime Minister

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Seventeen years later in 1951, the government of Kashmir with Sheikh Abdullah as prime minister held elections to a

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broke out on the western border of India between India and Pakistan, both of which culminated in the creation of

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After Nehru's death in 1964, Sheikh Abdullah was again interned from 1965 to 1968. The internment was ordered by

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Ankit, Rakesh. "Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of Kashmir, 1965–1975: From Externment to Enthronement."

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Rakesh Ankit, "Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of Kashmir, 1965–1975: From Externment to Enthronement."

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Guha, Ramachandra. "Opening a window in Kashmir." Economic and Political Weekly (2004): 3905-3913.

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who admired his lifelong struggle against injustice and for democratic rights of the common man.

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wife Mirjan. Michael Harry Nedou was himself the proprietor of hotels at the tourist resort of

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Sheikh Abdullah was introduced to Jawaharlal Nehru in 1937 and as he too was a leader of the

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for Indian military aid. In his accession offer dated 26 October 1947 which accompanied The

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As a consequence, Sheikh Abdullah was appointed head of an emergency administration by an

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Sheikh Abdullah and his colleagues were greatly influenced by the lectures of a Kashmiri

68: 2602:"J&K: Leaders Criticise Move to Drop 'Sher-e-Kashmir' from Conference Centre's Name" 3178: 1442: 1173: 993: 879: 712: 655: 570: 554: 501: 464: 244: 650: 120: 3133: 3122: 3100: 3076: 3062: 3045: 3000: 2992: 2979: 2950: 2916: 2891: 2855: 2662: 1721: 1692: 1627: 1599: 1572: 1545: 1468: 1434: 1366: 1354:. Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi. 1990. 1317: 1085: 1009: 489: 221: 2911:. Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi. 1990. 2886:. Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi. 1990. 953: 3336: 2096:"Excerpts of Sheikh Abdullah's February 5, 1948, speech in the UN Security Council" 1426: 1415:"Explaining the Kashmir Insurgency: Political Mobilization and Institutional Decay" 1178: 1138: 941: 891: 746: 613: 472: 441: 3321: 3249: 3154: 2004: 1593: 1566: 1539: 1237:

Ali claims she was married in 1928 to an Arab Karam Shah who disappeared after a

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of Jammu was very important in motivating the members to vote for this change.

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Maharaja Hari Singh's letter requesting Indian Assistance against tribal raids

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officer. He claims that Akbar Jehan was divorced by her first husband in 1929.

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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

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The Making of Modern Kashmir: Sheikh Abdullah and the Politics of the State

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PIB Press release Press Information Bureau Govt of India 16 September 2004

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directed by Zul Vellani covers his life and works. It was produced by the

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and graduated from there. In 1930, he obtained an M.Sc. in Chemistry from

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between Pakistan and Bangladesh joined later by India, and subsequently

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preacher. His father had been a middle class manufacturer and trader of

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Sheikh Abdullah-A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. 2019 Edition

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Sheikh Abdullah-A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. 2019 Edition

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The Regency Council represented the state in the absence of the king.

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his once colleague and later political enemy who earlier in his book

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Brenda M King (2005): "Silk and empire" Manchester University Press

2007:. Jammu-kashmir.com (26 October 1947). Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 1430: 957:

Sheikh Abdullah addressing a gathering at Lal Chowk Srinagar in 1975

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along with him to take part in the last rites of Jawaharlal Nehru.

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portrayed Abdullah in the 2013 Indian docudrama television series

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Sheikh Abdullah has been called the "Architect of Modern Kashmir".

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duly signed by him on 26 October 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh wrote "

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after its accession to India. He agitated against the rule of the

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Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah: A Profile, Lok Sabha Secretariat (1990)

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in 1909, when he was four, where he learnt the recitation of the

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and remained in the top slot till his death on 8 September 1982.

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Article 370 : a constitutional history of Jammu and Kashmir

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On 8 August 1953 he was dismissed as prime minister by the then

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List of political parties in Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

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Emergence and Role of Muslim Conference in Kashmir (1932-1939)

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Chief ministers from Jammu & Kashmir National Conference

2508: 2487: 2448: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2194: 2137: 2125: 2067: 2034: 1943: 1895: 1883: 1814: 1802: 1790: 1750:. Department of History, University of Kashmir. p. 147. 1664: 1400:

The Myth of Indian Claim to Jammu and Kashmir: A Reappraisal

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Sheikh Abdullah – A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905–1939

1976:. Satp.org (26 October 1947). Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 1766: 1754: 1013: 453: 3073:

Sheikh Abdullah – A biography:The Crucial Period 1905–1939

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A.G. Noorani (2006), "Nehru's legacy in foreign affairs".

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Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War

2019:. Rediff.com (2 June 1999). Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 1467:(1. publ. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 3119:

Ravinderjit Kaur (1998): "Political Awakening In Kashmir

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Acceptance Of Accession By The Governor General Of India

2906:"Part 1. His Life. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah: A Profile" 1056:

claims that Abdullah was Akbar Jehan's second husband.

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A.G. Noorani (2000), "Article370: Law and Politics".

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Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians

768:" In the covering letter to Hari Singh, he wrote "I 732: 415:He served as the 1st elected Prime Minister of the 2965: 2803:Guha, Ramachandra. "Opening a window in Kashmir." 2541:"Sheikh Abdullah: The Architect of Modern Kashmir" 1591: 949:After Indo-Pakistan war and creation of Bangladesh 27:Indian politician in Jammu and Kashmir (1905–1982) 2017:Rediff On The NeT Special: The Real Kashmir Story 1585: 463:He was first admitted to a traditional school or 3359: 1595:Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah: Tragic Hero of Kashmir 1028:was elected as the Chief Minister of the State. 57:, potentially preventing the article from being 3413:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu 3009: 1624:Paradise at War: A Political History of Kashmir 436:Sheikh Abdullah was born on 5 December 1905 in 2774:"Pradhanmantri - Episode 3 - Story of Kashmir" 3273: 2848:Hussain, Syed Taffazull (23 November 2013) , 2813: 2526: 2514: 2493: 2454: 2405: 2342: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2170: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2073: 2052: 2040: 2028: 1986:Accession Of Jammu And Kashmir State To India 1961: 1949: 1901: 1889: 1877: 1841:Regulation No1. of Samvat1991 (22 April 1934) 1820: 1808: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1525: 682:the two became friends and political allies. 500:After matriculation he obtained admission in 460:. Abdullah was the youngest of six siblings. 3403:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India 2301:. Harvard University Press, 2005, pp. 79–81. 1309: 1117:Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences 30:For other people named Sheikh Abdullah, see 2749:"Flame Of The Chinar, The | Films Division" 2317: 1558: 1305: 1303: 1184:Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir) 1159:, which covered the tenures of Indian PMs. 666:was demanding similar rights for people of 385:. Abdullah was the founding leader of the 3280: 3266: 2314:. Tulika Books, 2013, Vol. 2, pp. 316–318. 2299:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 1040:, the daughter of Michael Harry Nedou, of 119: 77:reliable, independent, third-party sources 3155:Newspaper clippings about Sheikh Abdullah 3089:(undated): (retrieved on 5 November 2008) 3087:APHC: White Paper On Elections in Kashmir 2638:. Press Trust of India. 26 January 2020. 2432: 1868:APHC: White Paper on Elections In Kashmir 718: 149:25 February 1975 – 26 March 1977 95:Learn how and when to remove this message 3418:Prisoners and detainees of British India 1683:Hussain, Syed Taffazull (13 July 2019). 1313:Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Their Exodus 1300: 992: 952: 736: 649: 589: 523: 191:31 October 1951 – 9 August 1953 125:Sheikh Abdullah on a 1988 stamp of India 71:by replacing them with more appropriate 2960: 2847: 2814:Abdullah, Sheikh; Taing, M. Y. (1985), 2417: 2356:The Kashmir of Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah 2323: 1712:Para, Altaf Hussain (7 December 2018). 1682: 1565:Syed Taffazull Hussain (13 July 2019). 1459: 1412: 387:All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference 326:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 263:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 234:5 March 1948 – 31 October 1951 160:9 July 1977 – 8 September 1982 54:too closely associated with the subject 14: 3360: 2867: 2660: 2367: 1541:Flames of the Chinar: An Autobiography 685: 3261: 2997:The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir 2703:from the original on 22 December 2021 2582:from the original on 29 December 2019 2569: 2551:from the original on 30 December 2021 2539:Para, Altaf Hussain (14 March 2015). 2428: 2426: 1618: 1361:from the original on 28 January 2021. 1126: 861: 856: 727: 623: 547: 519: 391:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference 3393:Chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir 3296:Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir 3115:Sheikh Abdullah: his life and ideals 3097:Pakistan Between Mosque and Military 2721: 2673:from the original on 5 November 2019 2642:from the original on 26 January 2020 2538: 2505:The WEEKLY "AAINA" 15 July 1970, p19 2392:Hugh Tinker, "Accursed Paradise" in 2324:Noorani, A. G. (16 September 2000), 1922:Rasheed Taseer (1973) vol2, p314-383 1711: 1316:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 185–. 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1044:and British descent, and his Muslim 997:Sheikh Abdullah's funeral procession 820: 672:All India States Peoples' Conference 598:Kashmir's first political party the 577: 540:ideas. He became convinced that the 412:.He is also known as Sher-e-Kashmir 36: 3240:Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 3213:Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 3186:Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 3022:from the original on 9 January 2009 3012:"The Nedous and Lawrence of Arabia" 2570:Ahmad, Mudasir (28 December 2019). 1538:Mohammad Abdullah (Sheikh) (1993). 1024:After his death his eldest son Dr. 817:Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 658:(centre) at Shalimar Garden in 1945 417:Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir 395:Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 275:October 1932 – August 1981 219:Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 179:Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 137:Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir 24: 2780:from the original on 12 June 2021. 2661:Kathju, Junaid (4 November 2019). 2612:from the original on 10 March 2020 2433:Whitehead, Andrew (6 March 2014). 2423: 1940:Rasheed Taseer (1973) vol2, p25-40 1612: 988: 699:and Sardar Budh Singh drafted the 25: 3454: 3398:Government Islamia College alumni 3148: 2722:Huda, Kashif-ul (15 March 2020). 1740: 1402:. World Kashmir Freedom Movement. 1266: 1064: 1016:. His biography in Urdu entitled 495: 3443:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1977–1983 3423:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1972–1977 3388:Aligarh Muslim University alumni 3289: 3010:Mubashir Hassan (18 July 2008), 1626:. New Delhi: Aleph. p. 23. 1394: 1031: 824: 798:Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry 745:Maharaja Hari Singh appealed to 733:Head of emergency administration 506:Prince of Wales College in Jammu 52:may rely excessively on sources 41: 32:Sheikh Abdullah (disambiguation) 3438:Kashmiri independence activists 3071:Syed Taffazull Hussain (2009): 2999:. Universal Law Publishing Co. 2930: 2766: 2741: 2715: 2685: 2654: 2624: 2594: 2563: 2532: 2499: 2478: 2469: 2460: 2386: 2373: 2348: 2304: 2291: 2288:I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 131–133. 2278: 2185: 2176: 2088: 2079: 2058: 2010: 1991: 1979: 1967: 1934: 1931:Rasheed Taseer (1973) vol2, p25 1925: 1916: 1913:Rasheed Taseer (1973) vol2, p29 1907: 1862: 1853: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1734: 1705: 1676: 1598:. Lotus collection/Roli Books. 1531: 1279:Hoiberg, Dale H. (2010) p 22-23 1231: 1222: 1059: 654:Sheikh Abdullah with Nehru and 488:(standard 12) examination from 2326:"Article370: Law and Politics" 1859:Justice A.S. Anand (2006), p36 1850:Justice A.S. Anand (2006), p30 1832:Justice A.S. Anand (2006), p28 1481: 1453: 1406: 1388: 1379: 1337: 1282: 1245:reported that he was actually 452:after getting influenced by a 13: 1: 3408:People from Srinagar district 3075:. Wordclay. Indianapolis.IN. 2805:Economic and Political Weekly 2312:The Kashmir Dispute 1947–2012 1310:Tej K. Tikoo (19 July 2012). 1260: 803:Sheikh Abdullah spoke at the 703:the forerunner of the famous 674:for supporting the people of 431: 383:politics of Jammu and Kashmir 3035:Tareekh e Hurriyat e Kashmir 2875:, Princeton University Press 2484:Sandeep Bamzai (2006), p242. 1200:Outline of Jammu and Kashmir 7: 3378:20th-century Indian Muslims 3159:20th Century Press Archives 3111:Freda Marie (Houlston) Bedi 3059:The Clash of Fundamentalism 2967:"Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad" 2435:"Srinagar: Nedou's reborn?" 2381:The Indo-Pakistani conflict 2332:, vol. 17, no. 19 1592:Ajit Bhattacharjea (2008). 1162: 1052:, and Srinagar. The writer 502:Shri Pratap (S. P.) College 10: 3459: 3099:. Vanguard Books. Lahore. 3044:Rupa & Co. New Delhi. 2881:"Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah" 2854:, Indianapolis: WordClay, 2795:Studies in Indian Politics 2776:. ABP News. 28 July 2013. 2171:Abdullah & Taing (1985 2064:Sandeep Bamzai (2006), p73 1691:. Syed Taffazull Hussain. 1571:. Syed Taffazull Hussain. 1489:Studies in Indian Politics 1345:"Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah" 1210:List of political families 1115:in Kashmir and Jammu, the 565:discuss different issues. 426:accord with Indira in 1974 336:Begum Akbar Jehan Abdullah 308:8 September 1982 (aged 76) 29: 3383:Abdullah political family 3302: 3246: 3237: 3229: 3219: 3210: 3202: 3192: 3183: 3175: 3170: 2527:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2515:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2494:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2455:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2406:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2343:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2273:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2261:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2249:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2237:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2225:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2213:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2201:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2156:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2144:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2132:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2120:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2074:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2053:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2041:Abdullah & Taing 1985 2029:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1962:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1950:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1902:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1890:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1878:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1821:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1809:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1797:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1785:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1773:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1761:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1671:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1659:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1647:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1526:Abdullah & Taing 1985 1095: 963:Bangladesh Liberation War 807:on 5 February 1948 thus: 751:Governor-General of India 680:representative government 600:Kashmir Muslim Conference 534:Aligarh Muslim University 514:Aligarh Muslim University 372: 367:Aligarh Muslim University 356: 341: 331: 321: 304: 288: 283: 279: 268: 260: 250: 238: 227: 217: 205: 195: 184: 176: 164: 153: 142: 134: 130: 118: 111: 1741:Ganai, Muhammad Yousuf. 1720:. Taylor & Francis. 1249:(Lawrence of Arabia), a 1215: 912:to the Kashmir problem. 678:in their struggle for a 664:Indian National Congress 379:Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah 348:, Suraiya Abdullah Ali, 18:Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah 3061:. Verso Books. London. 3040:Sandeep Bamzai (2006): 3033:Rasheed Taseer (1973): 2972:Encyclopædia Britannica 2699:. PTI. 15 August 2021. 2475:Tariq Ali (2003), p 230 2466:Mubashhir Hassan (2008) 1413:Ganguly, Šumit (1996). 1205:Kashmir Conspiracy Case 1169:List of Kashmiri people 1132:The Flame of the Chinar 965:broke out in erstwhile 901:Kashmir Conspiracy Case 885:Kashmir Conspiracy Case 755:Instrument of Accession 560:Permission to open the 510:Islamia College, Lahore 448:clan, who converted to 3196:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad 2921:: CS1 maint: others ( 2896:: CS1 maint: others ( 2697:The New Indian Express 1419:International Security 1371:: CS1 maint: others ( 1121:Sher-e-Kashmir Stadium 1102:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed 1072:Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas 998: 958: 814: 742: 719:Quit Kashmir agitation 659: 629:Legislative Assembly ( 618:Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas 595: 529: 421:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad 393:) and the 1st elected 363:Islamia College Lahore 212:Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad 3332:Mufti Mohammad Sayeed 3307:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 3109:Baba Pyare Lal Bedi, 3042:Bonfire of Kashmiryat 3016:The Nation (Pakistan) 2284:Schofield, Victoria. 2003:17 March 2019 at the 996: 985:while JKNC had none. 956: 809: 740: 653: 593: 527: 3327:Ghulam Mohammad Shah 3121:. South Asia Books. 2822:Flames of the Chinar 2797:6.1 (2018): 88-102 2191:A. G. Noorani (2006) 2182:B. N. Mullick (1972) 1491:6.1 (2018): 88-102 1251:British Intelligence 645:constituent assembly 350:Sheikh Mustafa Kamal 2955:My Years with Nehru 2807:(2004): 3905-3913. 2529:, pp. 265–268. 2354:C. Bilqees Taseer, 2345:, pp. 860–882. 2275:, pp. 817–825. 2227:, pp. 774–778. 2215:, pp. 755–757. 2173:, pp. 566–567) 2158:, pp. 711–717. 2122:, pp. 593–594. 2055:, pp. 413–414. 2031:, pp. 462–464. 1964:, pp. 327–389. 1880:, pp. 226–227. 1787:, pp. 156–160. 1296:. 9 September 1982. 1143:Government of India 1081:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 1036:In 1933 he married 934:Lal Bahadur Shastri 927:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 896:My Years with Nehru 805:UN Security Council 686:National Conference 670:and had formed The 3179:Mehr Chand Mahajan 3171:Political offices 2993:Justice A.S. Anand 2835:on 4 December 2020 1294:The New York Times 1174:History of Kashmir 1127:In popular culture 999: 959: 880:floor of the house 862:Arrest and release 857:Return to activism 836:. You can help by 777:." The support of 743: 728:Head of Government 713:Mohandas K. Gandhi 660: 624:Electoral politics 596: 571:G. E. C. Wakefield 548:Reading Room Party 530: 520:Political activism 245:Mehr Chand Mahajan 3355: 3354: 3256: 3255: 3247:Succeeded by 3220:Succeeded by 3193:Succeeded by 3127:978-8-17024-709-8 3081:978-1-60481-309-8 3067:978 1 85984 457 1 2985:978-1-59339-837-8 2873:Danger in Kashmir 2861:978-1-60481-309-8 2753:filmsdivision.org 2608:. 10 March 2020. 1727:978-0-429-65734-4 1698:978-1-60481-603-7 1578:978-1-60481-603-7 1551:978-0-670-85318-2 1323:978-1-935501-34-3 1086:Hafeez Jullundhri 936:and continued by 854: 853: 578:Muslim Conference 490:Punjab University 477:Gulistan of Sa'di 376: 375: 315:Jammu and Kashmir 299:Jammu and Kashmir 261:President of the 222:Independent state 105: 104: 97: 16:(Redirected from 3450: 3337:Ghulam Nabi Azad 3294: 3293: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3233:President's rule 3230:Preceded by 3223:President's rule 3203:Preceded by 3176:Preceded by 3168: 3167: 3140:. Describes Sir 3138:978-07190-6701-3 3030: 3029: 3027: 2989: 2969: 2962:Hoiberg, Dale H. 2926: 2920: 2912: 2910: 2901: 2895: 2887: 2885: 2876: 2864: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2827: 2782: 2781: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2430: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2396:, Volume 6, p.25 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2302: 2297:Bose, Sumantra. 2295: 2289: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1661:, pp. 1–14. 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1496: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1362: 1360: 1349: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1307: 1298: 1297: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1254: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1179:Kashmir conflict 1139:documentary film 1134:, a 1998 Indian 942:Plebiscite Front 892:Jawaharlal Nehru 870:(Constitutional 849: 846: 828: 821: 747:Lord Mountbatten 701:National Demands 614:Jawaharlal Nehru 532:As a student at 284:Personal details 273: 253: 241: 232: 208: 198: 189: 167: 158: 147: 123: 109: 108: 100: 93: 89: 86: 80: 45: 37: 21: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3322:Farooq Abdullah 3317:Sheikh Abdullah 3298: 3288: 3286: 3252: 3250:Farooq Abdullah 3243: 3235: 3225: 3216: 3208: 3198: 3189: 3181: 3151: 3093:Hussain Haqqani 3025: 3023: 2986: 2933: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2862: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2785: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2636:Hindustan Times 2630: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2545:Greater Kashmir 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2391: 2387: 2379:Russel Brines, 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2322: 2318: 2310:Noorani, A. G. 2309: 2305: 2296: 2292: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2169: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2011: 2005:Wayback Machine 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1710: 1706: 1699: 1681: 1677: 1673:, pp. 8–9. 1669: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1634: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1499: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1463:(7 July 2011). 1458: 1454: 1431:10.2307/2539071 1411: 1407: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1308: 1301: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1165: 1129: 1107: 1098: 1090:Faiz Ahmed Faiz 1067: 1062: 1034: 1026:Farooq Abdullah 991: 989:Return to power 951: 864: 859: 850: 844: 841: 834:needs expansion 819: 735: 730: 721: 697:Prem Nath Bazaz 688: 676:princely states 626: 580: 550: 522: 498: 471:and some basic 458:Kashmiri shawls 434: 389:(later renamed 365: 346:Farooq Abdullah 322:Political party 309: 293: 292:5 December 1905 274: 269: 251: 239: 233: 228: 206: 196: 190: 185: 171:Farooq Abdullah 165: 159: 154: 148: 143: 126: 114: 113:Sheikh Abdullah 101: 90: 84: 81: 66: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3456: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3347:Mehbooba Mufti 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3312:Syed Mir Qasim 3309: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3285: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3262: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3209: 3206:Syed Mir Qasim 3204: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3150: 3149:External links 3147: 3146: 3145: 3130: 3117: 3107: 3090: 3084: 3069: 3052: 3038: 3031: 3007: 2990: 2984: 2964:, ed. 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