1474:
correspondence with other members of the ulama or his students, usually intended to expand upon a teaching advanced in another work, or provide answers to vexing questions of theology or jurisprudence. Treatises and lessons composed independently by al-Ahsáʼí make up a smaller number of his works, but tend to be longer than his correspondence and more commonly studied and reprinted. In keeping with
Islamic and Persian literary and academic tradition, a large number of his works take the form of commentaries on Surahs from the Qurʼan, important Hadiths of Muhammad or the Imams, or writing by earlier mystical or theological writers. The most comprehensive bibliography of Ahmad's known works identifies twelve wide subject areas addressed by individual works:
1236:
kindred, on one of the islands of
Bahrayn, to the south of the Persian Gulf, he set out, to unravel the mysteries of those verses of Islamic Scriptures which foreshadowed the advent of a new Manifestation There burned in his soul the conviction that no reform, however drastic, within the Faith of Islam, could achieve the regeneration of this perverse people. He knew, that nothing short of a new and independent Revelation, as attested and foreshadowed by the sacred Scriptures of Islam, could revive the fortunes and restore the purity of that decadent Faith.
1382:
contentious arenas he entered was that of the nature of religious authority. He lived at a time when his branch of Islam was deeply divided on the role of the Muslim learned man. Was he an exemplar to be emulated by the laity without fail, or merely the first among equals, bound by a literal interpretation of the sacred text just as was everyone else? Or was he, as the Sufis maintained, a pole channeling the grace of God to those less enlightened than himself? How may we situate Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i with regard to these contending visions of Shiʻi Islam?
1347:. In this realm, believers who honed their intellectual and moral capacities could contemplate the presence of the Imam of the Age and encounter his "manifestation" in the corporeal world. Ahsa'i identified the "Perfect Shi‘a" as one who attained this state of visionary perfection, capable of guiding others along a similar transformative journey. This concept echoed the well-established idea of the "Perfect Man" (ensan-e kamel) found in speculative
2205:
1162:
2435:
1396:(George Ronald, Oxford, 1985) states that many mujtahids were afraid that the Shaykh's preference for intuitive knowledge, which he claimed to obtain directly by inspiration from the Imams, would seriously undermine the authority of their position. Momen has commented on Shaykh Ahmad's doctrines and his succession during which the conflict with Shiʻi orthodoxy intensified.
1332:. Notably on the ethereal existence of the Hidden Imam in the unseen realm, the means by which one could recognize him, and the timing and circumstances surrounding his anticipated advent. Ahsa'i's quest for salvation for humanity transcended mere religious obligations, focusing instead on an intuitive engagement with the sacred within a conceptual space he termed "
1288:, even beyond the extent of his pious contemporaries and espoused heterodox views on the afterlife, the resurrection and end-times, as well as medicine and cosmology. His views on the soul posited a "subtle body" separate from, and associated with the physical body, and this also altered his views on the occultation of the Imam
68:
1235:
He observed how those who professed the Faith of Islam had shattered its unity, sapped its force, perverted its purpose, and degraded its holy name. His soul was filled with anguish at the sight of the corruption and strife which characterised the Shí'ah sect of Islam
Forsaking his home and
1473:
Shaykh Ahmad was a prolific writer, he is known to have completed 71 published works during his career, of which 354 contemporary manuscripts are known to be still extant. Writing primarily in Arabic, his work spanned a wide array of literary forms. The largest number of his works consist of
1381:
When Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i wrote, there was no
Shaykhi school, which only crystallized after his death. He saw himself as a mainstream Shiʻite, not as a sectarian leader. Yet he clearly innovated in Shiʻi thought in ways that, toward the end of his life, sparked great controversy. Among the
1277:, an interpreter of Islamic Law. He contended with Sufi and Neo-Platonist scholars, and attained a positive reputation among their detractors. He declared that all knowledge and sciences were contained (in essential form) within the
395:, resulted in accusations of heresy from orthodox members of the Shia ulama, and instances of persecution against Ahsá'í and his followers occurred during and after his lifetime. His teachings were complex, thus he often practised
1281:, and that to excel in the sciences, all knowledge must be gleaned from the Quran. To this end he developed systems of interpretation of the Quran and sought to inform himself of all the sciences current in the Muslim world.
1252:
While it is unclear how much of Nabil's interpretation is consistent with Shaykh Ahmad's true feelings, the underlying motivations for reform, and ultimately for messianic expectation, become somewhat clearer.
1336:." This realm, borrowed from the twelfth-century Iranian philosopher Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi, served as an intermediary zone between earthly existence and the celestial domain.
2793:
2164:
1308:
He experienced a series of dreams and visions. In one such dream recounted by him, he believed that he was granted permission to transmit knowledge by each of the
1377:
summarises the situation at the advent of the
Shaykhi School, and the questions that were unfolding as his views crystallised and he acquired an early following:
2726:
1411:, their complex mystical and esoteric knowledge, their insistence on the absolute transcendence of the divine Essence, their rejection of the doctrine of
2800:
1777:
1720:
1866:
1781:
1724:
1773:
1716:
414:; the two Shaykhí leaders continue to be highly regarded by the Babis and the Baháʼís, being seen as spiritual forerunners to their religions.
2468:
2463:
2134:
232:
1261:
Shaykh Ahmad, at about age forty (1784 or 1794 - circa), began to study in earnest in the Shiʻi centres of religious scholarship such as
17:
1329:
2667:
2391:
2171:
2731:
1852:
Une absence remplie de présences. Herméneutiques de l'occultation chez les
Shaykhiyya (Aspects de l'imamologie duodécimaine VII)
1749:
1692:
2910:
2900:
631:
2579:
2444:
2307:
1292:. His views resulted in his denunciation by several learned clerics, and he engaged in many debates before moving on to
1190:
626:
2620:
2548:
2478:
1362:” sphere. While Ahsa'i never explicitly articulated this in his often cryptic works, the implication emerged that the
402:
Today, Shaykhí populations retain a minority following in Iran and Iraq. After the death of Shaykh Ahmad's successor,
2895:
2885:
2880:
2101:
2039:
1884:
1614:
274:
571:
2673:
2890:
2786:
1358:'s thousand-year longevity in a non-physical state by proposing the existence of his celestial prototype in the “
1147:
2751:
2663:
2458:
1927:
2594:
2332:
2768:
1465:). After his death in 1843, many of his students spread out around Iraq and Iran to search for a new leader.
2553:
2075:
1108:
1425:), and their ambiguous assertions concerning the necessity of the presence of a living Gate (a Báb) to the
886:
2384:
1042:
576:
2695:
1052:
2558:
1077:
388:
2756:
2031:
1018:
2746:
2700:
2532:
1112:
943:
660:
601:
446:
224:
2736:
2453:
1876:
2526:
1343:”, the Hidden Imam remained invisible to humanity, much like the souls of believers awaiting the
1072:
703:
698:
392:
2625:
2584:
2483:
2377:
2348:
2275:
2239:
2157:
1604:
1344:
1183:
738:
2741:
2414:
270:
2635:
2219:
1462:
1426:
35:
2053:
2024:
2875:
2870:
2809:
2424:
2120:
1057:
921:
733:
611:
553:
462:
2685:
2512:
2400:
2327:
1922:. Translated by Pearson, Nancy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 351.
1228:
411:
8:
2844:
621:
581:
426:
376:
220:
2473:
2358:
1630:
1579:
2615:
2563:
2488:
2140:
2083:
1767:
1710:
1241:
1142:
967:
506:
437:
262:
187:
2690:
1211:
Little is documented about the early life of Shaykh Ahmad, except that he was born in
2905:
2353:
2097:
2087:
2035:
1933:
1923:
1880:
1755:
1745:
1698:
1688:
1610:
1366:
would eventually manifest himself in a new earthly form at the culmination of time.
1289:
1245:
1224:
1176:
1166:
823:
536:
521:
501:
457:
341:
2131:
for more information about
Shaykhi teachings. (This site is in the Arabic language.)
2915:
2839:
1872:
1418:
1413:
1309:
1067:
1023:
673:
481:
228:
2505:
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1832:
1062:
952:
531:
292:
94:
2640:
2261:
2224:
2003:
2610:
2093:
1408:
1047:
1008:
906:
566:
491:
330:
326:
250:
1903:
1865:(2001-08-30), "Shaykh Ahmad Al-Ahsaʾi on the Sources of Religious Authority",
2864:
2110:
Iran: A Modern
History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2017.
1984:
1968:
1759:
1702:
1457:
1313:
1212:
1013:
978:
881:
511:
496:
486:
365:
337:
170:
90:
2026:
An
Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism
1996:
The
Metaphysics and Cosmology of Process According to Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1937:
2710:
2519:
2049:
2019:
1958:
1944:
1915:
1442:
1389:
983:
916:
896:
472:
403:
258:
254:
180:
149:
125:
98:
1739:
1682:
2778:
2244:
1486:
1363:
1355:
1028:
891:
526:
516:
216:
137:
2096:(Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
2281:
2008:
Lights of 'Irfán: Papers Presented at the 'Irfán Colloquia and Seminars
1430:
1220:
430:
322:
308:
28:
2645:
2229:
1998:. (Ph.D. dissertation: State University of New York at Buffalo, 1998).
1449:
movement until his death. He taught his students how to recognize the
1269:. He attained sufficient recognition in such circles to be declared a
266:
67:
2302:
2004:"Twin Shining Lights, Part 1: Shaykh Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Din al-Ahsa'i"
1920:
Spiritual Body and Selestial Earth: from Mazdean Iran to Shīʻite Iran
1898:
1862:
1446:
1404:
1374:
1103:
963:
948:
876:
845:
798:
788:
315:
212:
192:
2630:
2589:
2234:
2180:
1215:, in the northeast of the Arabian peninsula, to a Shiʻi family with
407:
1671:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1662:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1653:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1270:
1117:
901:
865:
743:
616:
1300:. It was in Yazd that much of his books and letters were written.
1274:
1262:
1122:
1094:
988:
973:
911:
871:
840:
833:
828:
793:
783:
778:
713:
708:
636:
353:
345:
319:
2204:
2833:
2678:
2369:
2144:
1834:
Some aspects of Isrā'īliyyāt and the emergence of the Bābī-Bahā
1348:
1293:
768:
641:
561:
384:
311:
285:
141:
117:
48:
2828:
2419:
2194:
1741:
Gate of the heart : understanding the writings of the Báb
1684:
Gate of the heart : understanding the writings of the Báb
1354:
Ahsa'i offered a resolution to the perplexing question of the
1161:
2823:
2705:
2434:
2323:
1451:
1317:
1285:
1278:
1266:
1216:
958:
773:
763:
693:
688:
683:
668:
646:
606:
380:
372:
364:, he received the protection and patronage of princes of the
349:
160:
145:
121:
2089:
Nabíl's Narrative of the Early Days of the Baháʼí Revelation
2079:. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
1403:(Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2010) has characterised
1297:
678:
361:
357:
31:
2149:
2128:
803:
1904:
The World as Text: Cosmologies of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1417:, their reinterpretation of the traditional doctrine of
399:
concealing his controversial ideas from his opponents.
41:
Founder of Shaykhí school of Twelver Shiism (1753–1826)
1856:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2054:"The Works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá'í: A Bibliography"
1981:, 3 vols. - (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).
1812:
1737:
1680:
2137:- Some biographical notes, translations and studies
1800:
1560:
1548:
2023:
1788:
314:theologian and jurist who founded the influential
2076:The Development of Shaykhi Thought in Shiʻi Islam
1609:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. p. 31.
391:. These divergences, according to Bahá'í scholar
2862:
1328:Asha'i theology is deeply influenced by that of
1231:, describes his spiritual awakening as follows:
383:, and the proper interpretation of the mystical
360:. Spending the last twenty years of his life in
325:, which attracted followers from throughout the
1296:where he settled for a time in the province of
1631:"AḤSĀʾĪ, SHAIKH AḤMAD – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1580:"AḤSĀʾĪ, SHAIKH AḤMAD – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1369:
2794:
2385:
2165:
1184:
299:) (May 1753–27 June 1826), commonly known as
1871:, Oxford University Press, pp. 82–92,
1776:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1719:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
289:Ahmad bin Zayn al-Dín bin Ibráhím al-Ahsá'í
2808:
2801:
2787:
2392:
2378:
2172:
2158:
1780:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1772:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1723:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1715:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1606:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith
1191:
1177:
66:
2141:Collected Works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1877:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137996.003.0006
1330:Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi
297:شيخ أحمد بن زين الدين بن إبراهيم الأحسائي
1503:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tabriz: 1856-59).
1256:
2082:
2001:
1830:
1566:
1554:
14:
2863:
1914:
1858:Vol. 64, No. 1. (2001), pp. 1–18.
1837:(Thesis thesis). Newcastle University.
1794:
1738:Saiedi, Nader, 1955- (31 March 2010).
1681:Saiedi, Nader, 1955- (31 March 2010).
2782:
2373:
2153:
2064:
2048:
2018:
1949:L'ecole Shaykhie en Theologie Shiʻite
1818:
1806:
1602:
1517:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tehran: 1861).
1510:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tehran: 1861).
1496:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tabriz: 1856).
1339:Within the imaginative landscape of “
1303:
368:. His ancestors were nomadic Sunnis.
1861:
1399:Bahá'í scholar, Nader Saiedi in his
1284:He also evinced a veneration of the
1974:Ahsa'i, Shaikh Ahmad b. Zayn al-Din
1911:, No. 80. (1994), pp. 145–163.
1522:Sharh al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira
1481:- a multi-volume commentary on the
296:
24:
2030:. Yale University Press. pp.
1468:
25:
2927:
2114:
2002:Lambden, Stephen (May 26, 2016).
1965:. Galimard (Paris: 1972), vol. 4.
1223:(1753 CE), or 1157 AH (1744 CE).
1219:ancestry in either the year 1166
2433:
2399:
2203:
1160:
375:school on key issues related to
2069:. Paris, France: Paul Geuthner.
1824:
1731:
371:Shaykh Ahmad diverged from the
348:and the theological centres of
72:Ahmad bin Zayn al-Din al-Ahsáʼí
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1623:
1596:
1572:
1445:as his successor, who led the
1323:
859:Other related sects and groups
13:
1:
1868:The Most Learned of the Shiʿa
1844:
1206:
406:, many Shaykhís converted to
1850:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali. "
1436:
1148:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism
887:Bektashism and folk religion
233:Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm
7:
1528:(Kirman: 1972), 4 Volumes.
1394:Introduction to Shiʻi Islam
1370:Founding the Shaykhi School
18:Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
10:
2932:
2901:Saudi Arabian Shia clerics
2559:Universal House of Justice
2179:
2145:H-Bahai Discussion Network
1479:Sharh al-Hikma al-Arshiyya
1312:. In another dream he saw
1143:List of Twelver Shia books
417:
26:
2911:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī
2816:
2765:
2727:Socioeconomic development
2719:
2656:
2603:
2572:
2541:
2497:
2442:
2431:
2407:
2341:
2316:
2290:
2253:
2212:
2201:
2187:
1831:Lambden, Stephen (2002).
1039:Other hadith collections
1019:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
241:
203:
198:
186:
176:
166:
156:
133:
106:
82:
77:
65:
58:
46:
2896:Saudi Arabian ayatollahs
2886:19th-century Arab people
2881:18th-century Arab people
1542:
1429:for the guidance of the
1409:millenarian expectations
447:The Fourteen Infallibles
225:Muhammad Baqir Behbahani
138:Jannaṫ al-Baqīʻ Cemetery
2549:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
2527:Some Answered Questions
2067:Essai sur le cheikhisme
2065:A.L.M, Nicolas (1910).
2058:Baháʼí Studies Bulletin
1991:. Brill (Leyden, 2008).
1441:Shaykh Ahmad appointed
1073:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
1043:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays
336:He was a native of the
275:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
2891:Precursors in religion
2810:Precursors in religion
2732:Progressive revelation
2073:Rafati, Vahid (1979).
1537:Al-Da'ira al-'Alamiyya
1384:
1250:
2674:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
2636:Letters of the Living
2220:Letters of the Living
1994:Hamid, Idris Samawi.
1989:The Messiah of Shiraz
1979:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1603:Smith, Peter (1999).
1379:
1257:Education and Mission
1233:
1167:Shia Islam portal
602:Imamate of the Family
36:Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi
2564:Spiritual Assemblies
2554:Administrative Order
2060:. Monograph #1: 177.
1483:al-Hikma al-Arshiyya
1058:Reality of Certainty
734:Mourning of Muharram
612:Mourning of Muharram
2845:Sayyid Kazim Rashti
2282:Writings of the Báb
2122:Sheykh Ahmad Ahsa'i
1419:bodily resurrection
1345:Day of Resurrection
1227:, a history of the
739:Arba'een Pilgrimage
255:Siyyid Kazim Rashti
221:Mohsen Fayz Kashani
60:الشيخ أحمد الإحسائي
2616:Hands of the Cause
2489:Nineteen Day Feast
2333:Baháʼí–Azali split
1526:Chapkhaneh Sa'adat
1515:Sharh al-'Arshiyya
1463:the returned Jesus
1304:Dreams and Visions
1002:Hadith collections
379:, the role of the
307:, was a prominent
263:Karim Khan Kermani
207:Influenced by
2858:
2857:
2776:
2775:
2686:Shrine of the Báb
2469:Unity of religion
2464:Unity of humanity
2367:
2366:
1751:978-1-55458-056-9
1694:978-1-55458-056-9
1635:iranicaonline.org
1584:iranicaonline.org
1508:Sharh al-Masha'ir
1407:by their fervent
1401:Gate of the Heart
1290:Muhammad al-Mahdi
1246:The Dawn-Breakers
1225:Nabíl's Narrative
1201:
1200:
1097:and jurisprudence
704:Nahy ani l-Munkar
544:
543:
342:Arabian Peninsula
283:
282:
114:(aged 72–73)
16:(Redirected from
2923:
2840:John the Baptist
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2664:House of Worship
2520:The Hidden Words
2437:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2317:Resultant groups
2213:Prominent people
2207:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2107:
2092:. Translated by
2070:
2061:
2045:
2029:
2015:
1963:En islam iranien
1941:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1863:Cole, Juan R. I.
1839:
1838:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1771:
1763:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1714:
1706:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1539:(Beirut: 1993).
1533:Rasa'il al-Hikma
1501:Jawami' al-Kalim
1494:Sharh al-Fawa'id
1388:Bahá'í scholar,
1248:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1164:
1068:Mafatih al-Jinan
1053:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa
1024:Tahdhib al-Ahkam
627:Wilayat al-Faqih
452:
451:
422:
421:
340:region (Eastern
298:
229:Yusuf al-Bahrani
113:
70:
44:
43:
21:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2812:
2807:
2777:
2772:
2761:
2715:
2652:
2599:
2568:
2537:
2493:
2438:
2429:
2408:Central figures
2403:
2398:
2368:
2363:
2337:
2312:
2286:
2249:
2208:
2199:
2183:
2178:
2135:Early Shaykhism
2117:
2104:
2094:Effendi, Shoghi
2042:
1955:(Tehran: 1967).
1930:
1909:Studia Islamica
1899:Cole, Juan R.I.
1891:
1889:
1887:
1847:
1842:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1489:(Tabriz, 1854)
1471:
1469:Published works
1439:
1423:ma'ad-i-Jismani
1414:wahdatu’l-wujúd
1372:
1326:
1306:
1259:
1249:
1240:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1113:The Infallibles
1098:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1063:Nahj al-Balagha
1035:
1003:
995:
994:
993:
938:
930:
929:
928:
860:
852:
851:
850:
818:
810:
809:
808:
758:
750:
749:
748:
728:
727:Other practices
720:
719:
718:
699:Amr bi-l maʿrūf
663:
653:
652:
651:
596:
588:
587:
586:
556:
546:
545:
449:
438:Twelver Shi'ism
420:
344:), educated in
279:
247:
246:
237:
209:
208:
129:
115:
111:
102:
95:Khalidi Emirate
87:
73:
61:
54:
53:Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
51:
42:
39:
27:For the Indian
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2856:
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2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2820:
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2814:
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2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2762:
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2744:
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2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:Shoghi Effendi
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:Baháʼí history
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
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2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
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2432:
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2422:
2417:
2411:
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2397:
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2365:
2364:
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2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2276:Kitabu'l-Asmá'
2272:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2116:
2115:External links
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2084:Zarandi, Nabil
2080:
2071:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2016:
1999:
1992:
1985:MacEoin, Denis
1982:
1969:MacEoin, Denis
1966:
1956:
1942:
1928:
1912:
1896:
1885:
1859:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1823:
1821:, p. 170.
1811:
1799:
1787:
1750:
1730:
1693:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1622:
1615:
1595:
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1470:
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1238:
1208:
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1199:
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1181:
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1169:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:Related topics
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
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1100:
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1091:
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1083:
1082:
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1050:
1048:Bihar al-Anwar
1045:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:The Four Books
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
991:
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981:
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956:
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541:
540:
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529:
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514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
476:
475:
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460:
450:
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444:
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419:
416:
281:
280:
278:
277:
251:Hadi Sabzavari
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
236:
235:
206:
205:
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196:
195:
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88:
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63:
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59:
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52:
47:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2928:
2917:
2914:
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2899:
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2815:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2797:
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2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
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2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:Other Baháʼís
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
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2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2506:Kitáb-i-Aqdas
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:Key scripture
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
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2436:
2426:
2423:
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2413:
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2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2269:Persian Bayán
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:Key scripture
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
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2206:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2155:
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2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2103:0-900125-22-5
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:Momen, Moojan
2047:
2043:
2041:0-300-03499-7
2037:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:Momen, Moojan
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:Corbin, Henry
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:Corbin, Henry
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:Corbin, Henry
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1888:
1886:9780195137996
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1809:, p. 25.
1808:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1779:
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1769:
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1757:
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1686:
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1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1616:1-85168-184-1
1612:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1563:
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1529:
1527:
1523:
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1497:
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1490:
1488:
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1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1405:his followers
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1316:teaching him
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1242:Nabíl-i-Aʻzam
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1149:
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1133:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
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1089:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Kitab al-Kafi
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
999:
998:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Seghatoleslam
977:
975:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
954:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
934:
933:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
863:
856:
855:
847:
844:
842:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
821:
814:
813:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
754:
753:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
724:
723:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
657:
656:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:Other beliefs
592:
591:
583:
582:Judgement Day
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
550:
549:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:
474:
470:
469:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
442:
439:
436:
435:
432:
428:
424:
423:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
366:Qajar dynasty
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
294:
290:
287:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
248:
240:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
210:
202:
199:Muslim leader
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:Qajar dynasty
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
151:
148:(Present-day
147:
143:
139:
136:
134:Resting place
132:
127:
124:(Present-day
123:
119:
109:
105:
100:
97:(Present-day
96:
92:
89:Al-Mutayraf,
85:
81:
76:
69:
64:
57:
50:
45:
37:
34:scholar, see
33:
30:
19:
2850:Shaykh Ahmad
2849:
2767:
2720:Other topics
2696:World Centre
2641:Mullá Husayn
2542:Institutions
2525:
2518:
2513:Kitáb-i-Íqán
2511:
2504:
2459:Unity of God
2425:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
2401:Baháʼí Faith
2342:Other topics
2308:Baháʼí Faith
2298:Shaykh Ahmad
2297:
2274:
2267:
2262:Arabic Bayán
2260:
2225:Mullá Husayn
2121:
2088:
2074:
2066:
2057:
2025:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1890:, retrieved
1867:
1855:
1851:
1833:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1740:
1733:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1605:
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1574:
1569:, p. 7.
1567:Zarandi 1932
1562:
1557:, p. 2.
1555:Zarandi 1932
1550:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1456:
1450:
1443:Kazim Rashti
1440:
1422:
1412:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1390:Moojan Momen
1387:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1359:
1353:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1310:twelve Imams
1307:
1283:
1260:
1251:
1234:
1229:Baháʼí faith
1210:
1202:
984:Hojatoleslam
922:Ni'matullāhī
897:Qalandariyya
744:Intercession
632:Usul al-fiqh
617:Intercession
473:Twelve Imams
412:Baháʼí faith
404:Kazim Rashti
401:
396:
389:Twelve Imams
370:
335:
304:
301:Shaykh Ahmad
300:
288:
284:
259:Mulla Husayn
181:Twelver Shia
177:Denomination
150:Saudi Arabia
126:Saudi Arabia
112:(1826-06-27)
110:27 June 1826
99:Saudi Arabia
2876:1834 deaths
2871:1753 births
2757:Orthography
2595:Persecution
2533:Other Texts
2415:Baháʼu'lláh
2245:Subh-i-Azal
2240:Bahá'u'lláh
2129:alabrar.com
1795:Corbin 1977
1487:MuIla Sadra
1433:community.
1427:Hidden Imám
1364:Hidden Imam
1356:Hidden Imam
1324:His Thought
1093:Sources of
1029:Al-Istibsar
937:Scholarship
892:Malamatiyya
870:Sufism and
757:Holy cities
622:Occultation
572:Prophethood
393:Peter Smith
377:eschatology
271:Baháʼu'lláh
217:Mulla Sadra
2865:Categories
2817:Precursors
2752:Statistics
2747:Prophecies
2701:Pilgrimage
2691:Síyáh-Chál
2359:Pilgrimage
1929:0691018839
1892:2018-10-04
1845:References
1819:Momen 1991
1807:Momen 1991
1640:2020-09-20
1589:2020-09-20
1320:verses.
1314:Imam Hasan
1207:Early life
907:Bektashism
562:Monotheism
554:Principles
431:Shia Islam
318:school of
245:Influenced
29:Naqshbandi
2836:(Sergius)
2737:Cosmology
2454:Teachings
2349:Teachings
2303:Shaykhism
2124:, Iranica
2086:(1932) .
1768:cite book
1760:904293009
1711:cite book
1703:904293009
1437:Successor
1375:Juan Cole
1118:Consensus
964:Ayatollah
882:Safaviyya
877:Qizilbash
799:Kadhimiya
789:Jerusalem
661:Practices
532:al-Askari
497:al-Sajjad
333:Empires.
305:al-Ahsá'í
213:Ibn Arabi
193:Shaykhísm
2906:Shaykhis
2769:Category
2621:Apostles
2585:Timeline
2484:Calendar
2443:Basics (
2354:Calendar
2052:(1991).
2022:(1985).
1971:. S.V. "
1938:23769270
1918:(1977).
1455:and the
1360:horqalya
1341:horqalya
1334:horqalya
1271:mujtahid
1239:—
1078:Al-Amali
902:Hurufism
866:Alawites
537:al-Mahdi
512:al-Kazim
507:al-Sadiq
502:al-Baqir
458:Muhammad
427:a series
425:Part of
410:and the
188:Movement
157:Religion
86:May 1753
78:Personal
2916:Baharna
2742:Symbols
2646:Táhirih
2573:History
2445:outline
2420:The Báb
2291:History
2230:Táhirih
2195:The Báb
2188:Founder
1447:Shaykhí
1392:in his
1318:Quranic
1275:Karbala
1263:Karbala
1213:al-Ahsa
1109:Hadiths
1095:ijtihad
989:Ijtihad
974:Allamah
966: (
951: (
872:Alevism
846:Shaykhi
834:Akhbari
824:Ja'fari
794:Samarra
784:Mashhad
779:Karbala
714:Tabarri
709:Tawalli
637:Ijtihad
577:Imamate
567:Justice
527:al-Naqi
522:al-Taqi
517:ar-Rida
463:Fatimah
418:History
397:Taqayya
387:of the
354:Karbala
346:Bahrain
338:Al-Ahsa
331:Ottoman
327:Persian
320:Twelver
316:Shaykhí
267:The Báb
91:Al-Hasa
2834:Bahira
2679:Qiblih
2657:Places
2604:People
2590:Bábism
2479:Prayer
2328:Baháʼí
2235:Quddús
2181:Bábism
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2038:
1977:," in
1936:
1926:
1907:," in
1883:
1854:," in
1758:
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1349:Sufism
1294:Persia
1123:Reason
1104:Qur'an
949:Marja'
917:Galibi
912:Rifa`i
817:Groups
769:Medina
642:Taqlid
607:Angels
492:Husayn
408:Bábism
385:hadith
323:Shiism
312:Muslim
293:Arabic
286:Shaykh
142:Medina
118:Medina
49:Shaykh
2824:Asita
2706:Haifa
2631:Bábis
2324:Azali
1953:Taban
1543:Notes
1458:Masih
1452:Mahdi
1431:Shí'i
1286:Imams
1279:Quran
1267:Najaf
1217:Sunni
959:Hawza
841:Alevi
829:Usuli
774:Najaf
764:Mecca
694:Jihad
689:Khums
684:Zakat
669:Salat
647:Irfan
487:Hasan
381:ulama
373:Usuli
350:Najaf
161:Islam
146:Hijaz
122:Hijaz
2711:Acre
2668:List
2474:Laws
2098:ISBN
2036:ISBN
1934:OCLC
1924:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1782:link
1778:link
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