1463:
correspondence with other members of the ulama or his students, usually intended to expand upon a teaching advanced in another work, or provide answers to vexing questions of theology or jurisprudence. Treatises and lessons composed independently by al-Ahsáʼí make up a smaller number of his works, but tend to be longer than his correspondence and more commonly studied and reprinted. In keeping with
Islamic and Persian literary and academic tradition, a large number of his works take the form of commentaries on Surahs from the Qurʼan, important Hadiths of Muhammad or the Imams, or writing by earlier mystical or theological writers. The most comprehensive bibliography of Ahmad's known works identifies twelve wide subject areas addressed by individual works:
1225:
kindred, on one of the islands of
Bahrayn, to the south of the Persian Gulf, he set out, to unravel the mysteries of those verses of Islamic Scriptures which foreshadowed the advent of a new Manifestation There burned in his soul the conviction that no reform, however drastic, within the Faith of Islam, could achieve the regeneration of this perverse people. He knew, that nothing short of a new and independent Revelation, as attested and foreshadowed by the sacred Scriptures of Islam, could revive the fortunes and restore the purity of that decadent Faith.
1371:
contentious arenas he entered was that of the nature of religious authority. He lived at a time when his branch of Islam was deeply divided on the role of the Muslim learned man. Was he an exemplar to be emulated by the laity without fail, or merely the first among equals, bound by a literal interpretation of the sacred text just as was everyone else? Or was he, as the Sufis maintained, a pole channeling the grace of God to those less enlightened than himself? How may we situate Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i with regard to these contending visions of Shiʻi Islam?
1336:. In this realm, believers who honed their intellectual and moral capacities could contemplate the presence of the Imam of the Age and encounter his "manifestation" in the corporeal world. Ahsa'i identified the "Perfect Shi‘a" as one who attained this state of visionary perfection, capable of guiding others along a similar transformative journey. This concept echoed the well-established idea of the "Perfect Man" (ensan-e kamel) found in speculative
2194:
1151:
2424:
1385:(George Ronald, Oxford, 1985) states that many mujtahids were afraid that the Shaykh's preference for intuitive knowledge, which he claimed to obtain directly by inspiration from the Imams, would seriously undermine the authority of their position. Momen has commented on Shaykh Ahmad's doctrines and his succession during which the conflict with Shiʻi orthodoxy intensified.
1321:. Notably on the ethereal existence of the Hidden Imam in the unseen realm, the means by which one could recognize him, and the timing and circumstances surrounding his anticipated advent. Ahsa'i's quest for salvation for humanity transcended mere religious obligations, focusing instead on an intuitive engagement with the sacred within a conceptual space he termed "
1277:, even beyond the extent of his pious contemporaries and espoused heterodox views on the afterlife, the resurrection and end-times, as well as medicine and cosmology. His views on the soul posited a "subtle body" separate from, and associated with the physical body, and this also altered his views on the occultation of the Imam
57:
1224:
He observed how those who professed the Faith of Islam had shattered its unity, sapped its force, perverted its purpose, and degraded its holy name. His soul was filled with anguish at the sight of the corruption and strife which characterised the Shí'ah sect of Islam
Forsaking his home and
1462:
Shaykh Ahmad was a prolific writer, he is known to have completed 71 published works during his career, of which 354 contemporary manuscripts are known to be still extant. Writing primarily in Arabic, his work spanned a wide array of literary forms. The largest number of his works consist of
1370:
When Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i wrote, there was no
Shaykhi school, which only crystallized after his death. He saw himself as a mainstream Shiʻite, not as a sectarian leader. Yet he clearly innovated in Shiʻi thought in ways that, toward the end of his life, sparked great controversy. Among the
1266:, an interpreter of Islamic Law. He contended with Sufi and Neo-Platonist scholars, and attained a positive reputation among their detractors. He declared that all knowledge and sciences were contained (in essential form) within the
384:, resulted in accusations of heresy from orthodox members of the Shia ulama, and instances of persecution against Ahsá'í and his followers occurred during and after his lifetime. His teachings were complex, thus he often practised
1270:, and that to excel in the sciences, all knowledge must be gleaned from the Quran. To this end he developed systems of interpretation of the Quran and sought to inform himself of all the sciences current in the Muslim world.
1241:
While it is unclear how much of Nabil's interpretation is consistent with Shaykh Ahmad's true feelings, the underlying motivations for reform, and ultimately for messianic expectation, become somewhat clearer.
1325:." This realm, borrowed from the twelfth-century Iranian philosopher Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi, served as an intermediary zone between earthly existence and the celestial domain.
2782:
2153:
1297:
He experienced a series of dreams and visions. In one such dream recounted by him, he believed that he was granted permission to transmit knowledge by each of the
1366:
summarises the situation at the advent of the
Shaykhi School, and the questions that were unfolding as his views crystallised and he acquired an early following:
2715:
1400:, their complex mystical and esoteric knowledge, their insistence on the absolute transcendence of the divine Essence, their rejection of the doctrine of
2789:
1766:
1709:
1855:
1770:
1713:
1762:
1705:
403:; the two Shaykhí leaders continue to be highly regarded by the Babis and the Baháʼís, being seen as spiritual forerunners to their religions.
2457:
2452:
2123:
221:
1250:
Shaykh Ahmad, at about age forty (1784 or 1794 - circa), began to study in earnest in the Shiʻi centres of religious scholarship such as
1318:
2656:
2380:
2160:
2720:
1841:
Une absence remplie de présences. Herméneutiques de l'occultation chez les
Shaykhiyya (Aspects de l'imamologie duodécimaine VII)
1738:
1681:
2899:
2889:
620:
2568:
2433:
2296:
1281:. His views resulted in his denunciation by several learned clerics, and he engaged in many debates before moving on to
1179:
615:
2609:
2537:
2467:
1351:” sphere. While Ahsa'i never explicitly articulated this in his often cryptic works, the implication emerged that the
391:
Today, Shaykhí populations retain a minority following in Iran and Iraq. After the death of Shaykh Ahmad's successor,
2884:
2874:
2869:
2090:
2028:
1873:
1603:
263:
560:
2662:
2879:
2775:
1347:'s thousand-year longevity in a non-physical state by proposing the existence of his celestial prototype in the “
1136:
2740:
2652:
2447:
1916:
2583:
2321:
2757:
1454:). After his death in 1843, many of his students spread out around Iraq and Iran to search for a new leader.
2542:
2064:
1097:
1414:), and their ambiguous assertions concerning the necessity of the presence of a living Gate (a Báb) to the
875:
2373:
1031:
565:
2684:
1041:
2547:
1066:
377:
2745:
2020:
1007:
2735:
2689:
2521:
1101:
932:
649:
590:
435:
213:
2725:
2442:
1865:
2515:
1332:”, the Hidden Imam remained invisible to humanity, much like the souls of believers awaiting the
1061:
692:
687:
381:
2614:
2573:
2472:
2366:
2337:
2264:
2228:
2146:
1593:
1333:
1172:
727:
2730:
2403:
259:
2624:
2208:
1451:
1415:
24:
2042:
2013:
2864:
2859:
2798:
2413:
2109:
1046:
910:
722:
600:
542:
451:
2674:
2501:
2389:
2316:
1911:. Translated by Pearson, Nancy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 351.
1217:
400:
8:
2833:
610:
570:
415:
365:
209:
2462:
2347:
1619:
1568:
2604:
2552:
2477:
2129:
2072:
1756:
1699:
1230:
1131:
956:
495:
426:
251:
176:
2679:
1200:
Little is documented about the early life of Shaykh Ahmad, except that he was born in
2894:
2342:
2086:
2076:
2024:
1922:
1912:
1869:
1744:
1734:
1687:
1677:
1599:
1355:
would eventually manifest himself in a new earthly form at the culmination of time.
1278:
1234:
1213:
1165:
1155:
812:
525:
510:
490:
446:
330:
2120:
for more information about
Shaykhi teachings. (This site is in the Arabic language.)
2904:
2828:
1861:
1407:
1402:
1298:
1056:
1012:
662:
470:
217:
2494:
2257:
1821:
1051:
941:
520:
281:
83:
2629:
2250:
2213:
1992:
2599:
2082:
1397:
1036:
997:
895:
555:
480:
319:
315:
239:
1892:
1854:(2001-08-30), "Shaykh Ahmad Al-Ahsaʾi on the Sources of Religious Authority",
2853:
2099:
Iran: A Modern
History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2017.
1973:
1957:
1748:
1691:
1446:
1302:
1201:
1002:
967:
870:
500:
485:
475:
354:
326:
159:
79:
2015:
An
Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism
1985:
The
Metaphysics and Cosmology of Process According to Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1926:
2699:
2508:
2038:
2008:
1947:
1933:
1904:
1431:
1378:
972:
905:
885:
461:
392:
247:
243:
169:
138:
114:
87:
1728:
1671:
2767:
2233:
1475:
1352:
1344:
1017:
880:
515:
505:
205:
126:
2085:(Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
2270:
1997:
Lights of 'Irfán: Papers Presented at the 'Irfán Colloquia and Seminars
1419:
1209:
419:
311:
297:
17:
2634:
2218:
1987:. (Ph.D. dissertation: State University of New York at Buffalo, 1998).
1438:
movement until his death. He taught his students how to recognize the
1258:. He attained sufficient recognition in such circles to be declared a
255:
56:
2291:
1993:"Twin Shining Lights, Part 1: Shaykh Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Din al-Ahsa'i"
1909:
Spiritual Body and Selestial Earth: from Mazdean Iran to Shīʻite Iran
1887:
1851:
1435:
1393:
1363:
1092:
952:
937:
865:
834:
787:
777:
304:
201:
181:
2619:
2578:
2223:
2169:
1204:, in the northeast of the Arabian peninsula, to a Shiʻi family with
396:
1660:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1651:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1642:
Iran: A Modern History, Abbas Amanat, Yale University Press, 2017.
1259:
1106:
890:
854:
732:
605:
1289:. It was in Yazd that much of his books and letters were written.
1263:
1251:
1111:
1083:
977:
962:
900:
860:
829:
822:
817:
782:
772:
767:
702:
697:
625:
342:
334:
308:
2193:
2822:
2667:
2358:
2133:
1823:
Some aspects of Isrā'īliyyāt and the emergence of the Bābī-Bahā
1337:
1282:
757:
630:
550:
373:
300:
274:
130:
106:
37:
2817:
2408:
2183:
1730:
Gate of the heart : understanding the writings of the Báb
1673:
Gate of the heart : understanding the writings of the Báb
1343:
Ahsa'i offered a resolution to the perplexing question of the
1150:
2812:
2694:
2423:
2312:
1440:
1306:
1274:
1267:
1255:
1205:
947:
762:
752:
682:
677:
672:
657:
635:
595:
369:
361:
353:, he received the protection and patronage of princes of the
338:
149:
134:
110:
2078:
Nabíl's Narrative of the Early Days of the Baháʼí Revelation
2068:. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
1392:(Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2010) has characterised
1286:
667:
350:
346:
20:
2138:
2117:
792:
1893:
The World as Text: Cosmologies of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1406:, their reinterpretation of the traditional doctrine of
388:
concealing his controversial ideas from his opponents.
30:
Founder of Shaykhí school of Twelver Shiism (1753–1826)
1845:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2043:"The Works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá'í: A Bibliography"
1970:, 3 vols. - (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).
1801:
1726:
1669:
2126:- Some biographical notes, translations and studies
1789:
1549:
1537:
2012:
1777:
303:theologian and jurist who founded the influential
2065:The Development of Shaykhi Thought in Shiʻi Islam
1598:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. p. 31.
380:. These divergences, according to Bahá'í scholar
2851:
1317:Asha'i theology is deeply influenced by that of
1220:, describes his spiritual awakening as follows:
372:, and the proper interpretation of the mystical
349:. Spending the last twenty years of his life in
314:, which attracted followers from throughout the
1285:where he settled for a time in the province of
1620:"AḤSĀʾĪ, SHAIKH AḤMAD – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1569:"AḤSĀʾĪ, SHAIKH AḤMAD – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1358:
2783:
2374:
2154:
1173:
288:) (May 1753–27 June 1826), commonly known as
1860:, Oxford University Press, pp. 82–92,
1765:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1708:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
278:Ahmad bin Zayn al-Dín bin Ibráhím al-Ahsá'í
2797:
2790:
2776:
2381:
2367:
2161:
2147:
1769:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1761:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1712:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1704:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1595:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith
1180:
1166:
55:
2130:Collected Works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
1866:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137996.003.0006
1319:Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi
286:شيخ أحمد بن زين الدين بن إبراهيم الأحسائي
1492:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tabriz: 1856-59).
1245:
2071:
1990:
1819:
1555:
1543:
2852:
1903:
1847:Vol. 64, No. 1. (2001), pp. 1–18.
1826:(Thesis thesis). Newcastle University.
1783:
1727:Saiedi, Nader, 1955- (31 March 2010).
1670:Saiedi, Nader, 1955- (31 March 2010).
2771:
2362:
2142:
2053:
2037:
2007:
1938:L'ecole Shaykhie en Theologie Shiʻite
1807:
1795:
1591:
1506:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tehran: 1861).
1499:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tehran: 1861).
1485:. Lithographed. N.P. (Tabriz: 1856).
1328:Within the imaginative landscape of “
1292:
357:. His ancestors were nomadic Sunnis.
1850:
1388:Bahá'í scholar, Nader Saiedi in his
1273:He also evinced a veneration of the
1963:Ahsa'i, Shaikh Ahmad b. Zayn al-Din
1900:, No. 80. (1994), pp. 145–163.
1511:Sharh al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira
1470:- a multi-volume commentary on the
285:
13:
2019:. Yale University Press. pp.
1457:
14:
2916:
2103:
1991:Lambden, Stephen (May 26, 2016).
1954:. Galimard (Paris: 1972), vol. 4.
1212:(1753 CE), or 1157 AH (1744 CE).
1208:ancestry in either the year 1166
2422:
2388:
2192:
1149:
364:school on key issues related to
2058:. Paris, France: Paul Geuthner.
1813:
1720:
360:Shaykh Ahmad diverged from the
337:and the theological centres of
61:Ahmad bin Zayn al-Din al-Ahsáʼí
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1612:
1585:
1561:
1434:as his successor, who led the
1312:
848:Other related sects and groups
1:
1857:The Most Learned of the Shiʿa
1833:
1195:
395:, many Shaykhís converted to
1839:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali. "
1425:
1137:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism
876:Bektashism and folk religion
222:Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm
7:
1517:(Kirman: 1972), 4 Volumes.
1383:Introduction to Shiʻi Islam
1359:Founding the Shaykhi School
10:
2921:
2890:Saudi Arabian Shia clerics
2548:Universal House of Justice
2168:
2134:H-Bahai Discussion Network
1468:Sharh al-Hikma al-Arshiyya
1301:. In another dream he saw
1132:List of Twelver Shia books
406:
15:
2900:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī
2805:
2754:
2716:Socioeconomic development
2708:
2645:
2592:
2561:
2530:
2486:
2431:
2420:
2396:
2330:
2305:
2279:
2242:
2201:
2190:
2176:
1820:Lambden, Stephen (2002).
1028:Other hadith collections
1008:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
230:
192:
187:
175:
165:
155:
145:
122:
95:
71:
66:
54:
47:
35:
2885:Saudi Arabian ayatollahs
2875:19th-century Arab people
2870:18th-century Arab people
1531:
1418:for the guidance of the
1398:millenarian expectations
436:The Fourteen Infallibles
214:Muhammad Baqir Behbahani
127:Jannaṫ al-Baqīʻ Cemetery
2538:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
2516:Some Answered Questions
2056:Essai sur le cheikhisme
2054:A.L.M, Nicolas (1910).
2047:Baháʼí Studies Bulletin
1980:. Brill (Leyden, 2008).
1430:Shaykh Ahmad appointed
1062:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
1032:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays
325:He was a native of the
264:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
2880:Precursors in religion
2799:Precursors in religion
2721:Progressive revelation
2062:Rafati, Vahid (1979).
1526:Al-Da'ira al-'Alamiyya
1373:
1239:
2663:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
2625:Letters of the Living
2209:Letters of the Living
1983:Hamid, Idris Samawi.
1978:The Messiah of Shiraz
1968:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1592:Smith, Peter (1999).
1368:
1246:Education and Mission
1222:
1156:Shia Islam portal
591:Imamate of the Family
25:Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi
2553:Spiritual Assemblies
2543:Administrative Order
2049:. Monograph #1: 177.
1472:al-Hikma al-Arshiyya
1047:Reality of Certainty
723:Mourning of Muharram
601:Mourning of Muharram
2834:Sayyid Kazim Rashti
2271:Writings of the Báb
2111:Sheykh Ahmad Ahsa'i
1408:bodily resurrection
1334:Day of Resurrection
1216:, a history of the
728:Arba'een Pilgrimage
244:Siyyid Kazim Rashti
210:Mohsen Fayz Kashani
49:الشيخ أحمد الإحسائي
2605:Hands of the Cause
2478:Nineteen Day Feast
2322:Baháʼí–Azali split
1515:Chapkhaneh Sa'adat
1504:Sharh al-'Arshiyya
1452:the returned Jesus
1293:Dreams and Visions
991:Hadith collections
368:, the role of the
296:, was a prominent
252:Karim Khan Kermani
196:Influenced by
2847:
2846:
2765:
2764:
2675:Shrine of the Báb
2458:Unity of religion
2453:Unity of humanity
2356:
2355:
1740:978-1-55458-056-9
1683:978-1-55458-056-9
1624:iranicaonline.org
1573:iranicaonline.org
1497:Sharh al-Masha'ir
1396:by their fervent
1390:Gate of the Heart
1279:Muhammad al-Mahdi
1235:The Dawn-Breakers
1214:Nabíl's Narrative
1190:
1189:
1086:and jurisprudence
693:Nahy ani l-Munkar
533:
532:
331:Arabian Peninsula
272:
271:
103:(aged 72–73)
2912:
2829:John the Baptist
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2653:House of Worship
2509:The Hidden Words
2426:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2306:Resultant groups
2202:Prominent people
2196:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2096:
2081:. Translated by
2059:
2050:
2034:
2018:
2004:
1952:En islam iranien
1930:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1852:Cole, Juan R. I.
1828:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1760:
1752:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1703:
1695:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1528:(Beirut: 1993).
1522:Rasa'il al-Hikma
1490:Jawami' al-Kalim
1483:Sharh al-Fawa'id
1377:Bahá'í scholar,
1237:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1154:
1153:
1057:Mafatih al-Jinan
1042:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa
1013:Tahdhib al-Ahkam
616:Wilayat al-Faqih
441:
440:
411:
410:
329:region (Eastern
287:
218:Yusuf al-Bahrani
102:
59:
33:
32:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2801:
2796:
2766:
2761:
2750:
2704:
2641:
2588:
2557:
2526:
2482:
2427:
2418:
2397:Central figures
2392:
2387:
2357:
2352:
2326:
2301:
2275:
2238:
2197:
2188:
2172:
2167:
2124:Early Shaykhism
2106:
2093:
2083:Effendi, Shoghi
2031:
1944:(Tehran: 1967).
1919:
1898:Studia Islamica
1888:Cole, Juan R.I.
1880:
1878:
1876:
1836:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1725:
1721:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1478:(Tabriz, 1854)
1460:
1458:Published works
1428:
1412:ma'ad-i-Jismani
1403:wahdatu’l-wujúd
1361:
1315:
1295:
1248:
1238:
1229:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1102:The Infallibles
1087:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1052:Nahj al-Balagha
1024:
992:
984:
983:
982:
927:
919:
918:
917:
849:
841:
840:
839:
807:
799:
798:
797:
747:
739:
738:
737:
717:
716:Other practices
709:
708:
707:
688:Amr bi-l maʿrūf
652:
642:
641:
640:
585:
577:
576:
575:
545:
535:
534:
438:
427:Twelver Shi'ism
409:
333:), educated in
268:
236:
235:
226:
198:
197:
118:
104:
100:
91:
84:Khalidi Emirate
76:
62:
50:
43:
42:Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
40:
31:
28:
16:For the Indian
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Shoghi Effendi
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Baháʼí history
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:Kitabu'l-Asmá'
2261:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2105:
2104:External links
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2073:Zarandi, Nabil
2069:
2060:
2051:
2035:
2029:
2005:
1988:
1981:
1974:MacEoin, Denis
1971:
1958:MacEoin, Denis
1955:
1945:
1931:
1917:
1901:
1885:
1874:
1848:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1812:
1810:, p. 170.
1800:
1788:
1776:
1739:
1719:
1682:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1611:
1604:
1584:
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1194:
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1177:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:Related topics
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:Bihar al-Anwar
1034:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
998:The Four Books
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
950:
945:
935:
929:
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916:
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847:
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842:
838:
837:
832:
827:
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805:
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795:
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695:
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685:
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633:
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623:
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587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:
541:
540:
537:
536:
531:
530:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
465:
464:
457:
456:
455:
454:
449:
439:
434:
433:
430:
429:
423:
422:
408:
405:
270:
269:
267:
266:
240:Hadi Sabzavari
233:
232:
231:
228:
227:
225:
224:
195:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
184:
179:
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172:
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157:
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105:
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69:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
48:
45:
44:
41:
36:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2917:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
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2857:
2855:
2840:
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2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
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2773:
2770:
2760:
2759:
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2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Other Baháʼís
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:Kitáb-i-Aqdas
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:Key scripture
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2349:
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2336:
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2311:
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2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:Persian Bayán
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:Key scripture
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2092:0-900125-22-5
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Momen, Moojan
2036:
2032:
2030:0-300-03499-7
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2009:Momen, Moojan
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:Corbin, Henry
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:Corbin, Henry
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:Corbin, Henry
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1877:
1875:9780195137996
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1798:, p. 25.
1797:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1607:
1605:1-85168-184-1
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1394:his followers
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1305:teaching him
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1231:Nabíl-i-Aʻzam
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Kitab al-Kafi
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
988:
987:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Seghatoleslam
966:
964:
961:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
923:
922:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
858:
856:
853:
852:
845:
844:
836:
833:
831:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
810:
803:
802:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
743:
742:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
713:
712:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
646:
645:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:Other beliefs
581:
580:
572:
571:Judgement Day
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
539:
538:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
466:
463:
459:
458:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
442:
437:
432:
431:
428:
425:
424:
421:
417:
413:
412:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
355:Qajar dynasty
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
283:
279:
276:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
237:
229:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
199:
191:
188:Muslim leader
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:Qajar dynasty
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:(Present-day
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:Resting place
121:
116:
113:(Present-day
112:
108:
98:
94:
89:
86:(Present-day
85:
81:
78:Al-Mutayraf,
74:
70:
65:
58:
53:
46:
39:
34:
26:
23:scholar, see
22:
19:
2839:Shaykh Ahmad
2838:
2756:
2709:Other topics
2685:World Centre
2630:Mullá Husayn
2531:Institutions
2514:
2507:
2502:Kitáb-i-Íqán
2500:
2493:
2448:Unity of God
2414:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
2390:Baháʼí Faith
2331:Other topics
2297:Baháʼí Faith
2287:Shaykh Ahmad
2286:
2263:
2256:
2251:Arabic Bayán
2249:
2214:Mullá Husayn
2110:
2077:
2063:
2055:
2046:
2014:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1937:
1908:
1897:
1891:
1879:, retrieved
1856:
1844:
1840:
1822:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1729:
1722:
1672:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1594:
1587:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1558:, p. 7.
1556:Zarandi 1932
1551:
1546:, p. 2.
1544:Zarandi 1932
1539:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1445:
1439:
1432:Kazim Rashti
1429:
1411:
1401:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1379:Moojan Momen
1376:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1348:
1342:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1299:twelve Imams
1296:
1272:
1249:
1240:
1223:
1218:Baháʼí faith
1199:
1191:
973:Hojatoleslam
911:Ni'matullāhī
886:Qalandariyya
733:Intercession
621:Usul al-fiqh
606:Intercession
462:Twelve Imams
401:Baháʼí faith
393:Kazim Rashti
390:
385:
378:Twelve Imams
359:
324:
293:
290:Shaykh Ahmad
289:
277:
273:
248:Mulla Husayn
170:Twelver Shia
166:Denomination
139:Saudi Arabia
115:Saudi Arabia
101:(1826-06-27)
99:27 June 1826
88:Saudi Arabia
2865:1834 deaths
2860:1753 births
2746:Orthography
2584:Persecution
2522:Other Texts
2404:Baháʼu'lláh
2234:Subh-i-Azal
2229:Bahá'u'lláh
2118:alabrar.com
1784:Corbin 1977
1476:MuIla Sadra
1422:community.
1416:Hidden Imám
1353:Hidden Imam
1345:Hidden Imam
1313:His Thought
1082:Sources of
1018:Al-Istibsar
926:Scholarship
881:Malamatiyya
859:Sufism and
746:Holy cities
611:Occultation
561:Prophethood
382:Peter Smith
366:eschatology
260:Baháʼu'lláh
206:Mulla Sadra
2854:Categories
2806:Precursors
2741:Statistics
2736:Prophecies
2690:Pilgrimage
2680:Síyáh-Chál
2348:Pilgrimage
1918:0691018839
1881:2018-10-04
1834:References
1808:Momen 1991
1796:Momen 1991
1629:2020-09-20
1578:2020-09-20
1309:verses.
1303:Imam Hasan
1196:Early life
896:Bektashism
551:Monotheism
543:Principles
420:Shia Islam
307:school of
234:Influenced
18:Naqshbandi
2825:(Sergius)
2726:Cosmology
2443:Teachings
2338:Teachings
2292:Shaykhism
2113:, Iranica
2075:(1932) .
1757:cite book
1749:904293009
1700:cite book
1692:904293009
1426:Successor
1364:Juan Cole
1107:Consensus
953:Ayatollah
871:Safaviyya
866:Qizilbash
788:Kadhimiya
778:Jerusalem
650:Practices
521:al-Askari
486:al-Sajjad
322:Empires.
294:al-Ahsá'í
202:Ibn Arabi
182:Shaykhísm
2895:Shaykhis
2758:Category
2610:Apostles
2574:Timeline
2473:Calendar
2432:Basics (
2343:Calendar
2041:(1991).
2011:(1985).
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1067:Al-Amali
891:Hurufism
855:Alawites
526:al-Mahdi
501:al-Kazim
496:al-Sadiq
491:al-Baqir
447:Muhammad
416:a series
414:Part of
399:and the
177:Movement
146:Religion
75:May 1753
67:Personal
2905:Baharna
2731:Symbols
2635:Táhirih
2562:History
2434:outline
2409:The Báb
2280:History
2219:Táhirih
2184:The Báb
2177:Founder
1436:Shaykhí
1381:in his
1307:Quranic
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1252:Karbala
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773:Mashhad
768:Karbala
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698:Tawalli
626:Ijtihad
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556:Justice
516:al-Naqi
511:al-Taqi
506:ar-Rida
452:Fatimah
407:History
386:Taqayya
376:of the
343:Karbala
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327:Al-Ahsa
320:Ottoman
316:Persian
309:Twelver
305:Shaykhí
256:The Báb
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2823:Bahira
2668:Qiblih
2646:Places
2593:People
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806:Groups
758:Medina
631:Taqlid
596:Angels
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312:Shiism
301:Muslim
282:Arabic
275:Shaykh
131:Medina
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1942:Taban
1532:Notes
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