705:
1099:
3098:
271:
131:
1587:
1615:
1601:
1666:
1643:
1629:
1573:
5217:
1489:
1178:
1557:
1525:
1507:
1142:
1291:
5241:
1255:
5205:
4095:
5253:
7687:
97:
77:
1363:
1354:
1336:
1541:
48:
116:
1227:
1399:
1237:
1196:
1273:
1408:
1381:
5229:
1160:
1426:
1214:
1462:
1309:
1471:
1444:
1318:
1124:
1106:
3342:
867:
1846:) as a part of the Black Sea Okrug. The district contained around 3,400 Shapsug people, and the center of the district was the coastal city of Tuapse. In the beginning of 1925, it was divided into 4 village councils: Karpovsky, Kichmai, Krasno-Aleksandrovsky, and Pseushkho. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Shapsug National Raion was renamed Lazarevsky District.
1693:
tribe's land. The
Shapsug took an active role in the Caucasian war. They had a reputation of invincibility and were one of the last to lay down their weapons under the pressure of tsarist troops in 1864. Some Shapsug troops fought until the 1880s. After the end of the war the overwhelming majority of
1045:
tribes also settled in Amman afterwards. Today, the
Shapsug are the third-most numerous Circassian tribe in the world, after the most numerous Kabardian and second-most numerous Abzakh tribes. The Shapsug are the most numerous Circassian tribe in Israel, third-most numerous in Turkey where the
1025:), Iraq, Syria, Western Europe and the United States of America. The first Circassians to settle in Amman were from the Shapsug tribe, and as a result the Shapsug's neighbourhood is considered the oldest neighbourhood in the Capital
1689:. Different sources note that, prior to the Russo-Caucasian War, the number of Shapsug people was between 150,000 and 300,000 people. The Shapsug had divisions of Big and Small Shapsug land, the latter being very close to the
6048:
3832:
The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh
Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.
1849:
In 1990, the first congress of the
Shapsug tribe took place, where they would adopt a declaration on the reinstatement of the Shapsug National Raion. On 12 June 1992, the Presidium of the
3765:[All-Russian Census 2010, Materials. Table 7. National Composition of the Populations on the Subjects of the Russian Federation] (Press release) (in Russian). Moscow.
8127:
4009:
7172:
5955:
7331:
1046:
majority of them live, and the fifth-most numerous one in Russia. In Jordan, after the Abzakh, the
Shapsug and Kabardian tribes are the most numerous Adyghe tribes.
958:
along the
Antkhir, Abin, Afips, Bakan, Ships, and other rivers (Bolshoy Shapsug, or Greater Shapsug). In Russia, the remaining Shapsug population mainly live in the
1861:
The traditional
Shapsug culture had much in common with other Circassian tribes. The Shapsug were engaged in agriculture, cattle and horse breeding, horticulture,
5097:
1793:
of
Circassian people (mainly physically; later by expelling the remaining population to the Ottoman Empire. Some 3,000 Shapsug remained on the Circassian coast.
7326:
1053:. According to some indirect data, there were over four thousand Shapsug in Russia in 1926, but the Shapsug people were not enumerated as a separate group in
6043:
5316:
3942:
Walter
Richmond, "The Northwest Caucasus: Past Present, Future", Arabic Translation by Jameel Ishaqat, p. 46, Circassians Studies Centre, Amman, Jordan, 2010
1065:
were enumerated as an Adyghe in general instead of
Shapsug in particular, as they are an Adyghe (Circassian) tribe, rather than a separate ethnic group.
6062:
1938:) is one of the mutually intelligible sub-dialects of the Adyghe language's West Adyghe dialect. There were two major varieties of Shapsug before the
5807:
7530:
5291:
1083:) since the area was inhabited by this tribe for thousands of years and was considered to be part of historical Shapsugia, a region in historical
6261:
6057:
4223:
1796:
The Shapsug, as an Adyghe tribe, have always appreciated and honored their "immortals" (heroes and fighters) who sacrificed their lives to keep
7991:
3776:
1702:
and make up about 20 villages. From 1924 to 1945, there was a Shapsug National District, which was abolished during the time of repressions .
6835:
4760:
710:
4923:
4302:
5824:
7669:
6250:
4896:
4297:
4029:
3898:
3883:
3990:"Адыгэ 1оры1уатэм ухэзгъэгъозэн тхылъ", Ехъул1э Ат1ыф, Нахэ (176), гощын (2), Адыгэ ш1уш1э Хасэ, Йордания, 2009. (Circassian language)
1167:
1869:. In pre-Islamic and pre-Christian times, the Shapsug worshiped the Circassian gods—Shible (god of thunder and lightning), Sozeresh (
3999:"Адыгэ 1оры1уатэм ухэзгъэгъозэн тхылъ", Ехъул1э Ат1ыф, Нахэ (91), гощын (2), Адыгэ ш1уш1э Хасэ, Йордания, 2009 (Circassian Language)
4694:
3298:
after their 15th great-grandfather Хэкужъ born in 1337 in Tuapse, and this family considered the biggest Shapsug family in Jordan.
1656:
8221:
7726:
5375:
4083:
715:
1098:
8243:
8149:
5712:
5186:
4328:
4275:
8081:
5800:
3954:
3931:
853:
8046:
7523:
5284:
4206:
4061:
7998:
4653:
4368:
4194:
1877:) (god of fertility), Yemish or Yemij (god of war), Akhin and Khakustash (protectors of cattle breeding), Tlepsh (god of
6761:
3815:
5144:
4684:
4674:
3858:
1698:. No more than 6,000 Shapsug people remained on their native land. Presently, these Shapshug live in the territory of
8336:
8008:
4689:
4636:
4574:
4262:
4245:
3979:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8358:
7864:
7827:
7739:
5793:
5122:
4807:
4606:
4530:
4318:
954:(the so-called Maly Shapsug, or Little Shapsug) and high-altitude mountainous areas of the northern slopes of the
7516:
5277:
4802:
4250:
4056:
3763:Всероссийская перепись 2010, Материалы. Табл. 7. Национальный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации
8428:
8122:
7817:
7051:
4944:
4641:
4596:
4510:
4488:
4401:
734:
1733:
Adyghe tribes. The Shapsug were known to have supported the other Adyghe tribes in their struggle against the
8176:
7633:
7577:
7388:
7121:
6514:
6442:
5742:
5696:
5033:
4750:
4471:
3844:
1942:. Since the Shapsug scattered around the world, each Shapsug community developed a different form of speech.
4057:
Journal of a residence in Circassia during the years 1837, 1838, and 1839 - Bell, James Stanislaus (English)
8231:
8066:
7077:
5245:
5117:
4812:
4443:
4423:
1821:
1746:
744:
647:
1673:
strike on a Russian military fort built over a Shapsugian village. The Adyghe were attempting to free the
270:
8144:
8139:
7949:
7785:
7719:
7565:
7361:
5654:
5566:
5072:
4699:
4679:
4601:
4525:
4270:
4076:
657:
334:
8403:
8311:
8095:
7849:
4795:
4770:
4648:
4498:
4335:
4323:
4189:
1685:
The Shapsug were a very large tribe that occupied extensive territories of the Black Sea coast and the
971:
826:
389:
8408:
8321:
8156:
7976:
7888:
7795:
7790:
7775:
7263:
7116:
5600:
5380:
4973:
4611:
4591:
4238:
846:
8326:
8003:
7854:
7426:
7091:
6071:
5717:
5531:
5445:
5430:
5171:
4837:
4535:
4464:
4233:
3780:
1850:
8433:
8331:
8316:
8295:
7971:
7146:
5816:
5553:
5482:
5450:
5435:
5385:
5233:
4520:
4493:
4438:
4433:
4285:
1790:
1674:
1069:
983:
359:
17:
5489:
4280:
8171:
8112:
8041:
7986:
7954:
7934:
7869:
7780:
7712:
7598:
7560:
7539:
6907:
6743:
5664:
5477:
5472:
5462:
5455:
5440:
5370:
5300:
5028:
4968:
4956:
4849:
4706:
4199:
4122:
4069:
3733:
3728:
1925:
1072:
796:
676:
375:
324:
165:
161:
5023:
3971:
8290:
8285:
8036:
7959:
7924:
7623:
7199:
6912:
6883:
6820:
5686:
5504:
5402:
5353:
5176:
4961:
4951:
4918:
4658:
4481:
3974:, Chapter 12 "The Greatest Fortress in the World", pp 158–159, Oxford University Press, 2001
3673:
1785:
due to the Russian army occupation of Circassia, as a result of the tsars' regular policy to
1058:
686:
536:
526:
367:
314:
309:
304:
4091:
4026:
3902:
3802:"Refworld | Shapsugs Increasingly Important Players in Circassian Struggle with Moscow"
8270:
7981:
7939:
7346:
6957:
6148:
5467:
5358:
5326:
5112:
5107:
5092:
5038:
4983:
4867:
4726:
4711:
4559:
4476:
4290:
3926:, The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future, p. 22, Central Asian Studies Series, 2008
1778:
1678:
987:
839:
681:
564:
354:
339:
329:
319:
219:
154:
3924:
3777:"Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации согласно переписи населения 2021 года"
3760:
704:
8:
8117:
8076:
8061:
7944:
7837:
7613:
7608:
7214:
7204:
7191:
7009:
6902:
6888:
5722:
5659:
5631:
5616:
5363:
4988:
4939:
4872:
4822:
4721:
4631:
4579:
4392:
4373:
4159:
1939:
1718:
959:
739:
698:
553:
349:
344:
291:
281:
275:
8262:
8161:
7912:
7898:
7618:
7547:
7497:
7421:
7366:
7258:
7185:
7101:
6585:
5752:
5674:
5638:
5626:
5412:
5407:
5308:
5159:
5102:
5082:
4995:
4884:
4827:
4623:
4545:
4211:
4132:
4127:
955:
816:
729:
583:
8393:
8351:
8280:
8206:
8188:
8071:
8024:
7929:
7747:
7664:
7132:
7126:
7106:
7062:
6873:
6592:
5669:
5257:
5204:
5166:
5129:
5015:
5000:
4817:
4755:
4742:
4716:
4584:
4515:
4459:
4378:
4171:
4146:
4107:
3975:
3927:
3877:
3838:
3694:
3680:
1909:
and then drowning it in the river, and never getting it out before rain had arrived.
1750:
806:
759:
691:
8201:
8134:
8051:
7874:
7805:
7659:
7487:
7351:
7209:
7153:
6937:
6810:
6638:
6404:
6211:
5727:
5321:
5087:
5055:
4877:
4832:
4775:
4428:
4351:
4166:
3653:
1836:
1786:
1076:
1018:
938:
tribes. Historically, the Shapsug tribe comprised one of the largest groups of the
903:
895:
811:
764:
181:
173:
169:
3951:
942:
Adyghe (Причерноморские адыги). They inhabited the region between the Dzhubga (in
8398:
8367:
8275:
8248:
8238:
8216:
8166:
7964:
7822:
7643:
7638:
7603:
7572:
7555:
7492:
7441:
7416:
7336:
7292:
7240:
7166:
6774:
6721:
6693:
6686:
6665:
6615:
6551:
6389:
6374:
6155:
5737:
5732:
5595:
5590:
5576:
5561:
5392:
5348:
5336:
5221:
5154:
5134:
5065:
5060:
5005:
4978:
4889:
4862:
4540:
4505:
4033:
3958:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3600:
3589:
3578:
3567:
3556:
3545:
3534:
3523:
3512:
3501:
3490:
3479:
3468:
3457:
3446:
3435:
3424:
3413:
3402:
3391:
3380:
3369:
3358:
3325:
3314:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3268:
3257:
3246:
3235:
3224:
3213:
3202:
3191:
3180:
3169:
3158:
3147:
3136:
3125:
3114:
1931:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1825:
1805:
1762:
1734:
1722:
1706:
1062:
1050:
943:
919:
911:
890:
882:
801:
577:
6417:
3801:
3723:
3684:
1804:
during the Circassian resistance; by elegies such as the Elegy of the Shapsugs (
207:
8210:
7810:
7765:
7406:
7396:
7096:
7056:
7022:
6991:
6984:
6922:
6848:
6825:
6679:
6644:
6394:
6274:
6162:
5950:
5924:
5919:
5747:
5494:
5331:
5077:
4857:
4780:
4413:
4181:
4142:
3862:
3738:
1801:
1782:
1742:
1699:
1054:
967:
623:
136:
4051:
3097:
8387:
8372:
8196:
8056:
7692:
7431:
7382:
7268:
7229:
7224:
7180:
7069:
7004:
6999:
6977:
6952:
6932:
6815:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6672:
6578:
6571:
6557:
6379:
6360:
6355:
6342:
6232:
6225:
6100:
5991:
5960:
5581:
5209:
5149:
5050:
4790:
4785:
4418:
4363:
4154:
3705:
3689:
1913:
1738:
1670:
1010:
870:
595:
177:
3385:Бгъанэ known as Hakouz -Хэкужъ -in Jordan after their 15th great grandfather
1781:. In 1864, a major part of the Shapsug and other Adyghe tribes moved to the
7883:
7482:
7219:
6805:
6728:
6658:
6628:
6499:
6484:
6479:
6469:
6350:
6294:
6198:
6185:
6120:
6032:
6027:
6013:
5862:
5524:
5519:
5499:
5422:
5397:
5181:
5139:
4765:
4216:
2665:
1774:
1754:
1433:
1014:
951:
791:
548:
449:
258:
5785:
997:
However, today the major Shapsug communities are found in Turkey, Israel (
8226:
7800:
7770:
7508:
7472:
7462:
7401:
7318:
7140:
7036:
6894:
6735:
6651:
6564:
6504:
6489:
6384:
6127:
6037:
5929:
5834:
5541:
5536:
5514:
5509:
5269:
5045:
4356:
3710:
1862:
1695:
1686:
1061:, when the population was recorded at 3,231. The Shapsug who live in the
935:
263:
231:
194:
5571:
1853:
passed a resolution on the establishment of the Shapsug National Raion.
1665:
7760:
7755:
7628:
7341:
7274:
7248:
7234:
7029:
6927:
6868:
6538:
6494:
6314:
6304:
6019:
5965:
5679:
5621:
1878:
1866:
1244:
1221:
1034:
510:
475:
434:
424:
1753:
was assembled by the representatives of three Adyghe tribes (Shapsug,
7477:
7307:
7282:
7161:
7015:
6878:
6843:
6527:
6412:
6366:
6218:
6114:
6106:
5980:
5975:
5875:
5847:
3346:
1890:
1797:
1758:
1730:
1690:
1084:
1006:
998:
991:
939:
821:
671:
628:
439:
253:
3761:
Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS) (2010).
7859:
7302:
7111:
6917:
6797:
6790:
6522:
6474:
6456:
6427:
6329:
6299:
6141:
6135:
6079:
5935:
5905:
5895:
5868:
5840:
5341:
4901:
4228:
1694:
the Shapsug were forcefully evicted to Turkey and elsewhere in the
1563:
1496:
1370:
1343:
1262:
1203:
1131:
1113:
1042:
1030:
505:
485:
429:
414:
7704:
4911:
7893:
7593:
7457:
7436:
7356:
7297:
7253:
6779:
6754:
6748:
6623:
6605:
6600:
6432:
6324:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6193:
6085:
5998:
5970:
5900:
5890:
5882:
5691:
1902:
1478:
1451:
1280:
1038:
1022:
778:
500:
495:
470:
419:
409:
47:
866:
8107:
7735:
7411:
7312:
7287:
6947:
6942:
6784:
6769:
6450:
6319:
6309:
6269:
6240:
6203:
6179:
6171:
6092:
6008:
5985:
5942:
4906:
4099:
4094:
3350:
3106:
1714:
1531:
1415:
1388:
1325:
1226:
979:
963:
652:
515:
490:
465:
121:
102:
82:
7083:
7043:
6971:
6963:
6633:
6546:
6532:
6464:
6422:
6335:
5911:
3700:
3102:
1770:
1026:
1002:
975:
633:
543:
480:
7467:
3341:
1749:'s alliance (which would last until 1859). In late 1860, a
1660:
Approximate location of Circassian tribes, Tsutsiev's Atlas
1075:
which was built in 1952 was named after the Shapsug tribe (
1705:
Historically the Shapsug controlled the ports of Dzhubga (
1906:
3336:
1912:
Since the early 19th century, the Shapsug are primarily
3676:– Mother of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
1893:), etc. The Shapsug used to perform the Hantse Guashe (
1729:) free clans. They were classified as one of the three
950:
means "Winds" or "The Valley of Winds") River and the
3822:. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014
7682:
1820:
On 6 September 1924, the Bolsheviks established the
8385:
3756:
3754:
1741:, they were one of the most stubborn enemies of
3952:http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/07/05/11511062.html
1815:
3972:The great game: On Secret Service in High Asia
7720:
7524:
5801:
5285:
4077:
3751:
3092:
847:
711:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
1800:independent in the battles and war with the
1236:
5815:
5776:from Christian Arabs in Israel, since 2014.
1717:to the mountain gorges, and consisted of 5
1677:from Russian occupation in 1840 during the
1033:of it; however, other Circassians from the
7727:
7713:
7538:
7531:
7517:
5808:
5794:
5299:
5292:
5278:
4084:
4070:
854:
840:
46:
990:), which were a small part of historical
5769:from Muslim Arabs in Israel, since 1957.
3340:
3096:
1851:Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation
1664:
865:
93:
73:
3644:In the past there was also Shhalakhwa (
1905:by carrying a dressed doll through the
1049:The Shapsug speak a sub-dialect of the
716:Circassian Union and Mutual Aid Society
144:1,914 (2021 census) 3,882 (2010 census)
14:
8386:
5014:
3882:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
889:
7992:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
7708:
7512:
5789:
5273:
4065:
3914:Shapsug Sub-Dialect (French Language)
3337:Shapsug families in Kfar Kama, Israel
5240:
5228:
1586:
68:Regions with significant populations
7734:
4010:"The Last Defenders of the Prophet"
3290:which changed in Jordan to Hakouz (
1614:
1600:
923:
915:
24:
1901:) ceremony of rain calling during
1642:
1628:
1572:
1159:
25:
8445:
8337:List of prime ministers of Jordan
4045:
3667:
1213:
7685:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5216:
5215:
5203:
4607:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
4093:
1641:
1627:
1613:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1555:
1539:
1523:
1505:
1488:
1487:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1424:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1379:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1289:
1271:
1254:
1253:
1235:
1225:
1212:
1195:
1194:
1176:
1158:
1140:
1123:
1122:
1105:
1104:
1097:
703:
269:
129:
114:
95:
75:
5252:
4020:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3964:
1540:
1470:
1443:
1272:
1177:
740:Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia
5956:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
3945:
3936:
3917:
3891:
3851:
3808:
3794:
3769:
2037:Ghorha-shawatkhma Yalhakhokhar
1556:
1524:
1506:
1407:
1380:
1317:
1141:
934:) are one of the twelve major
735:Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
13:
1:
8150:Private Hospitals Association
3744:
3101:The Shapsug neighbourhood in
1844:Šapsugskij nacional′nyj rajon
1841:Шапсугский национальный район
1425:
1290:
60:
5098:Intangible cultural heritage
4444:Southeastern Anatolia Region
4276:Proclamation of the republic
3679:Karzeg Sait Bey (1887–1920)
2032:Гъуагъо-Шъэотэхмэ ялIакъохэр
1816:Shapsugsky National District
745:Shapsugsky National District
648:Mongol invasion of Circassia
458:Destroyed or barely existing
7:
8082:Water supply and sanitation
7786:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
4369:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
3716:
1945:
1919:
1810:Шапсыгъэ л1ыхъужъхэм ягъыбз
1761:). The council considered (
276:List of notable Circassians
10:
8450:
8312:List of airports in Jordan
7818:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
4200:Conquest of Constantinople
3734:Hakuchi Adyghe sub-dialect
3729:Shapsug Adyghe sub-dialect
3661:
3649:
3637:
3626:
3615:
3604:
3593:
3582:
3571:
3560:
3549:
3538:
3527:
3516:
3505:
3494:
3483:
3472:
3461:
3450:
3439:
3428:
3417:
3406:
3395:
3384:
3373:
3362:
3329:
3318:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3272:
3261:
3250:
3239:
3228:
3217:
3206:
3195:
3184:
3173:
3162:
3151:
3140:
3129:
3118:
3093:Shapsug families in Jordan
1935:
1923:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1856:
1829:
1809:
1766:
1726:
1710:
1090:
1070:District of Takhtamukaysky
984:District of Takhtamukaysky
947:
886:
827:Circassian Day of Mourning
8345:
8322:List of castles in Jordan
8304:
8261:
8187:
8103:
8094:
8032:
8023:
7920:
7911:
7845:
7836:
7746:
7680:
7652:
7586:
7546:
7450:
7375:
6861:
6834:
6614:
6513:
6441:
6403:
6260:
6249:
5823:
5761:
5705:
5647:
5609:
5552:
5421:
5307:
5199:
4932:
4848:
4741:
4707:The constitutional system
4667:
4622:
4567:
4558:
4452:
4400:
4391:
4344:
4311:
4261:
4239:Second Constitutional Era
4224:Decline and modernization
4180:
4141:
4115:
4106:
3888:Official Website of Amman
3843:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1840:
1830:Шапсыгъэ Националнэ Район
1080:
978:, and in the Republic of
899:
205:
200:
192:
187:
153:
148:
112:
92:
72:
67:
59:
54:
45:
39:
38:
8327:List of cities in Jordan
5713:African-American Hebrews
5648:Other non-Semitic groups
4690:Ministry of the Interior
4675:Administrative divisions
4234:First Constitutional Era
3762:
1940:exile of the Circassians
1833:Šapsyġe Nacionalne Rajon
1081:Шапсугское водохранилище
972:Lazarevsky City District
8424:Ethnic groups in Jordan
8419:Ethnic groups in Russia
8414:Ethnic groups in Israel
8332:List of kings of Jordan
8317:List of banks in Jordan
8296:Prince Hassan bin Talal
5817:Ethnic groups in Russia
4637:Parliamentary elections
4439:Eastern Anatolia Region
4434:Central Anatolia Region
4116:Ancient and Middle Ages
3961:via the Voice of Russia
2027:Shhaptakha Yalhakhokhar
988:District of Teuchezksky
88:800,000 (approximation)
7781:Emirate of Transjordan
7540:Demographics of Jordan
5301:Demographics of Israel
4808:Science and technology
4642:Presidential elections
4123:Prehistory of Anatolia
3353:
3109:
2007:Netakhoma Yalhakhokhar
1926:Shapsug Adyghe dialect
1822:Shapsug National Raion
1682:
907:
874:
797:Circassian nationalism
677:Circassian slave trade
566:Languages and dialects
158:(West Adyghe dialect)
8429:Circassians in Turkey
7925:Royal Hashemite Court
7791:Arab–Israeli conflict
7776:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4803:Free trade agreements
4685:Intelligence Services
4482:North Anatolian Fault
3344:
3100:
2022:Шъхьаптэхэ ялIакъохэр
2002:НэтIахъомэ ялIакъохэр
1997:Natkhoma Yalhakhokhar
1779:Circassian resistance
1679:Circassian Resistance
1668:
926:) (also known as the
869:
687:Circassian Revolution
537:Religion in Circassia
201:Related ethnic groups
139:: 3,839 (2010 census)
8244:World Heritage Sites
7376:Unrecognized peoples
6862:Other ethnic peoples
6149:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
5309:Israelis by religion
5187:World heritage sites
4712:Turkish Armed Forces
4597:Constitutional Court
4511:Flora and vegetation
4489:Environmental issues
4477:East Anatolian Fault
4424:Mediterranean Region
3699:Suna Öz – Mother of
3345:The Shapsug village
2047:Guayama Yalhakhokhar
1657:class=notpageimage|
1245:Kuban Kabardian
822:Circassian mythology
682:Russo-Circassian War
8177:Freedom of religion
7451:Assimilated peoples
6044:Meadow-Eastern Mari
5567:Madani and Fellahin
4756:Banking and Finance
4374:History of Anatolia
4271:War of Independence
4263:Republic of Türkiye
4160:Battle of Manzikert
4027:Shapsug sub-dialect
2867:ХьамтIыжъ (ХьамтIэ)
2664:Shhaba (originally
1992:Натхъомэ ялIакъохэр
960:Tuapsinsky District
873:(Circassian) Knight
699:Circassian genocide
554:Circassian paganism
293:Circassian diaspora
282:Circassian genocide
166:Hakuchi sub-dialect
162:Shapsug sub-dialect
155:Circassian language
35:
8067:Telecommunications
7498:Siberian Bukharans
6634:Aukhovite Chechens
6586:Siberian Bukharans
5912:Aukhovite Chechens
4813:Telecommunications
4602:Court of Cassation
4303:Multi-party period
4212:Ottoman Old Regime
4133:Byzantine Anatolia
4128:Classical Anatolia
4052:Famous Circassians
4032:2010-12-28 at the
3957:2012-03-18 at the
3899:"Corpus chapsough"
3354:
3110:
1683:
875:
817:Circassian cuisine
730:Republic of Adygea
33:
8404:Circassian tribes
8381:
8380:
8257:
8256:
8145:medical education
8090:
8089:
8019:
8018:
7999:Political parties
7907:
7906:
7702:
7701:
7653:Foreign nationals
7506:
7505:
7135:
7133:Astrakhan Kazakhs
6857:
6856:
6593:Zabolotnie Tatars
6072:Northwestern Mari
5783:
5782:
5706:Foreign nationals
5655:African Americans
5267:
5266:
5195:
5194:
4737:
4736:
4680:Foreign relations
4654:Political parties
4554:
4553:
4387:
4386:
4379:History of Thrace
4281:Atatürk's reforms
4172:Anatolian beyliks
3932:978-0-415-77615-8
3724:Circassian tribes
3695:Tuguzhuko Kyzbech
3599:Choshha/Shoshha (
3302:Natkho (Shukri) (
3090:
3089:
2575:Сабын (Сабыныкъу)
2042:Гуаемэ ялIакъохэр
2017:Kobl Yalhakhokhar
1881:), Keshkogwasha (
1721:families and 81 (
1700:Krasnodarsky Krai
891:[ʃaːpsəʁ]
864:
863:
807:Circassian beauty
760:Battle of Kanzhal
692:Circassian Majlis
391:Circassian tribes
380:
372:
364:
245:
213:
212:
208:Circassian tribes
16:(Redirected from
8441:
8409:History of Kuban
8361:
8354:
8286:King Abdullah II
8101:
8100:
8047:Defense industry
8030:
8029:
7918:
7917:
7843:
7842:
7828:2011–12 protests
7729:
7722:
7715:
7706:
7705:
7695:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7566:Eastern Orthodox
7533:
7526:
7519:
7510:
7509:
7422:Crimean Italians
7391:
7321:
7277:
7243:
7210:Meskhetian Turks
7194:
7175:
7156:
7154:Sakhalin Koreans
7149:
7131:
7086:
7072:
7065:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7018:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6966:
6938:Crimean Karaites
6897:
6800:
6793:
6764:
6757:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6541:
6459:
6369:
6345:
6338:
6258:
6257:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6212:Astrakhan Tatars
6207:
6188:
6174:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6130:
6123:
6109:
6095:
6088:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6053:
6052:
6022:
6001:
5994:
5945:
5938:
5914:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5787:
5786:
5772:Arameans have a
5376:Eastern Orthodox
5294:
5287:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5255:
5254:
5243:
5242:
5231:
5230:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5012:
5011:
4897:Cities and towns
4878:Turkish language
4833:Turkish Airlines
4649:Electoral system
4612:Council of State
4565:
4564:
4499:Waste management
4429:Black Sea Region
4407:
4398:
4397:
4352:Turkic migration
4298:One-party period
4167:Sultanate of Rum
4113:
4112:
4098:
4097:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4039:
4038:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3982:
3968:
3962:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3934:
3923:Walter Richmond
3921:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3901:. Archived from
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3861:. Archived from
3855:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3779:. Archived from
3773:
3767:
3766:
3758:
3674:Tirimüjgan Kadın
3663:
3651:
3639:
3628:
3617:
3606:
3595:
3584:
3573:
3562:
3551:
3540:
3529:
3518:
3507:
3496:
3485:
3474:
3463:
3452:
3441:
3430:
3419:
3408:
3397:
3386:
3375:
3368:Ashmuz/Achmuzh (
3364:
3331:
3320:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3274:
3263:
3252:
3241:
3230:
3219:
3208:
3197:
3186:
3175:
3164:
3153:
3142:
3131:
3120:
2012:Коблы ялIакъохэр
1950:
1949:
1937:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1842:
1831:
1811:
1791:Circassian coast
1768:
1728:
1712:
1675:Circassian Coast
1645:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1589:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1491:
1490:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1446:
1445:
1428:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1383:
1382:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1338:
1337:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1275:
1274:
1257:
1256:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1126:
1125:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1082:
1055:Russian Censuses
949:
925:
917:
901:
893:
888:
856:
849:
842:
812:Circassian music
781:
765:Battle of Qbaada
707:
598:
567:
529:
392:
378:
370:
362:
294:
273:
244:
243:
239:
234:
222:
215:
214:
135:
133:
132:
120:
118:
117:
105:
101:
99:
98:
85:
81:
79:
78:
62:
55:Total population
50:
36:
32:
27:Circassian tribe
21:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8438:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8377:
8364:
8357:
8350:
8341:
8300:
8271:King Abdullah I
8253:
8183:
8157:Public holidays
8108:Arabic language
8086:
8015:
7977:Law enforcement
7950:Foreign affairs
7903:
7889:Nature reserves
7832:
7823:Black September
7742:
7733:
7703:
7698:
7691:
7686:
7684:
7676:
7648:
7582:
7542:
7537:
7507:
7502:
7446:
7417:Caucasus Greeks
7389:Afro-Abkhazians
7387:
7371:
7317:
7273:
7241:Kola Norwegians
7239:
7190:
7171:
7152:
7145:
7082:
7068:
7061:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6962:
6893:
6853:
6830:
6796:
6789:
6760:
6753:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6610:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6552:Siberian Tatars
6537:
6509:
6455:
6437:
6399:
6365:
6341:
6334:
6252:
6245:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6201:
6184:
6170:
6161:
6156:Baikal Cossacks
6154:
6147:
6140:
6126:
6119:
6105:
6091:
6084:
6070:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6042:
6018:
5997:
5990:
5941:
5934:
5910:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5826:
5819:
5814:
5784:
5779:
5757:
5701:
5643:
5605:
5591:Arab Christians
5548:
5417:
5303:
5298:
5268:
5263:
5191:
5010:
5006:Women in Turkey
4974:Law enforcement
4928:
4924:Life expectancy
4890:Islam in Turkey
4844:
4733:
4695:National Police
4663:
4618:
4550:
4541:Turkish Riviera
4448:
4405:
4404:
4383:
4340:
4307:
4286:Language reform
4257:
4176:
4137:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4034:Wayback Machine
4025:
4021:
4016:. 21 June 1877.
4008:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3969:
3965:
3959:Wayback Machine
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3859:"Archived copy"
3857:
3856:
3852:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3719:
3670:
3632:Sagas/Shagash (
3339:
3095:
1948:
1928:
1922:
1859:
1818:
1773:to be the last
1743:Imperial Russia
1735:Crimean Khanate
1663:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1093:
1063:Adyghe Republic
1051:Adyghe language
860:
831:
802:Circassian flag
783:
779:
772:
769:
755:
750:
725:
720:
667:
662:
643:
638:
619:
612:
611:
610:
600:
596:
589:
584:East Circassian
578:West Circassian
569:
565:
558:
539:
531:
527:
520:
460:
454:
404:
394:
390:
383:
296:
292:
278:
274:
268:
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
220:
193:Predominantly:
159:
157:
130:
128:
125:
124:
115:
113:
96:
94:
76:
74:
41:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8447:
8437:
8436:
8434:Krasnodar Krai
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8370:
8363:
8362:
8355:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8267:
8265:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8214:
8204:
8199:
8193:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8159:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8115:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8033:
8027:
8021:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8004:Prime Minister
8001:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7965:Women's rights
7962:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7867:
7865:Extreme points
7862:
7857:
7852:
7846:
7840:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7766:Ottoman Empire
7763:
7758:
7752:
7750:
7744:
7743:
7732:
7731:
7724:
7717:
7709:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7662:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7558:
7552:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7536:
7535:
7528:
7521:
7513:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7407:Astrakhan Jews
7404:
7399:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7164:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7150:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7066:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6992:Siberian Finns
6988:
6985:Murmansk Finns
6981:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6849:Tver Karelians
6846:
6840:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6794:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6758:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6447:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6339:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6196:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6163:Kuban Cossacks
6159:
6152:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6124:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6089:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6068:
6054:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6011:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5951:Crimean Tatars
5948:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5831:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5813:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5770:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5569:
5558:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5427:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5274:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5123:Radio stations
5120:
5115:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4858:Turkish people
4854:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4823:Transportation
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:National parks
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4465:Climate change
4456:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:Marmara Region
4410:
4408:
4406:(west to east)
4395:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4321:
4319:Constitutional
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4207:Transformation
4204:
4203:
4202:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4182:Ottoman Empire
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4151:
4149:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4046:External links
4044:
4041:
4040:
4019:
4014:New York Times
4001:
3992:
3983:
3970:Peter Hopkirk
3963:
3944:
3935:
3916:
3890:
3850:
3820:Adiga-home.net
3807:
3793:
3768:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3739:Murayj al-Durr
3736:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3668:Notable people
3666:
3642:
3641:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3597:
3586:
3575:
3564:
3553:
3542:
3531:
3520:
3509:
3498:
3487:
3476:
3465:
3454:
3443:
3432:
3421:
3410:
3399:
3388:
3377:
3366:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3311:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3265:
3254:
3243:
3232:
3221:
3210:
3199:
3188:
3177:
3166:
3155:
3144:
3133:
3122:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1986:Transcription
1984:
1981:
1980:Transcription
1978:
1975:
1974:Transcription
1972:
1969:
1968:Transcription
1966:
1963:
1962:Transcription
1960:
1957:
1956:Transcription
1954:
1947:
1944:
1924:Main article:
1921:
1918:
1889:) (god of the
1858:
1855:
1817:
1814:
1802:Russian Empire
1783:Ottoman Empire
1655:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1023:Berkayel-Akkar
968:Krasnodar Krai
956:Caucasus range
862:
861:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
788:
785:
784:
777:
774:
773:
771:
770:
768:
767:
762:
756:
751:
749:
748:
742:
737:
732:
726:
721:
719:
718:
713:
708:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
663:
661:
660:
658:Inal the Great
655:
650:
644:
639:
637:
636:
631:
626:
624:Maykop culture
620:
615:
608:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
594:
591:
590:
588:
587:
581:
574:
571:
570:
563:
560:
559:
557:
556:
551:
546:
540:
533:
532:
525:
522:
521:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
456:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
400:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
382:
381:
373:
365:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
298:
297:
290:
287:
286:
267:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
229:
226:
225:
211:
210:
203:
202:
198:
197:
190:
189:
185:
184:
151:
150:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:Krasnodar Krai
110:
109:
106:
90:
89:
86:
70:
69:
65:
64:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8446:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8360:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8348:
8344:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8303:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8260:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8215:
8212:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8057:Globalization
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8034:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8022:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7878:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7730:
7725:
7723:
7718:
7716:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7694:
7693:Jordan portal
7683:
7679:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7587:Ethnic groups
7585:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7534:
7529:
7527:
7522:
7520:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7432:Pontic Greeks
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7390:
7386:
7385:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7320:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7225:Mountain Jews
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7147:North Koreans
7144:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7071:
7070:Volga Germans
7067:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7052:Georgian Jews
7050:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:Ingrian Finns
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6933:Bukharan Jews
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:Kalmak Tatars
6576:
6573:
6572:Eushta Tatars
6569:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6558:Baraba Tatars
6555:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6239:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6226:Mishar Tatars
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6058:Mountain Mari
6055:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5827:nationalities
5822:
5818:
5811:
5806:
5804:
5799:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5775:
5774:status aparte
5771:
5768:
5767:status aparte
5765:Druze have a
5764:
5763:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:Other Semitic
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5290:
5288:
5283:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5260:
5259:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:Air pollution
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
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4195:Classical Age
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3980:0-19-280232-1
3977:
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3905:on 2010-12-28
3904:
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3894:
3885:
3879:
3865:on 2015-10-02
3864:
3860:
3854:
3846:
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3816:"Circassians"
3811:
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3783:on 2022-12-30
3782:
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3706:Bibras Natcho
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3690:Hazret Sovmen
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3168:T’harkakhwa (
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2013:
2010:
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1930:The Shapsug (
1927:
1917:
1915:
1914:Sunni Muslims
1910:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
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1880:
1879:blacksmithing
1872:
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1739:Caucasian War
1737:. During the
1736:
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1011:Marj Al-Hamam
1008:
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952:Shakhe Rivers
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330:United States
328:
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107:
104:
91:
87:
84:
71:
66:
58:
53:
49:
44:
37:
19:
8281:King Hussein
8172:Christianity
8123:universities
8113:Demographics
8042:Central Bank
7955:Human rights
7935:Constitution
7884:Jordan River
7875:
7870:Governorates
7599:Palestinians
7561:Christianity
7220:Montenegrins
6908:Azerbaijanis
6744:Azerbaijanis
6199:Volga Tatars
6186:Tozhu Tuvans
6028:Komi-Permyak
5854:
5773:
5766:
5748:Doms (Gypsy)
5743:Palestinians
5562:Arab Muslims
5525:Bene Ephraim
5520:Bnei Menashe
5398:Samaritanism
5371:Christianity
5327:Conservative
5256:
5244:
5232:
5220:
5208:
5093:Illumination
5029:Architecture
4957:Human rights
4945:Universities
4863:Ethnic Kurds
4850:Demographics
4761:Construction
4022:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3986:
3966:
3947:
3938:
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3903:the original
3893:
3867:. Retrieved
3863:the original
3853:
3831:
3824:. Retrieved
3819:
3810:
3796:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:the original
3771:
3685:Çerkes Ethem
3643:
3577:Hako/Hakho (
3289:
3174:Тхьэркъахъуэ
3135:Shhalakhwa (
3119:Кушъу / Кушу
2701:ШъхьакIумыдэ
2343:ЛIыхъужъыкъу
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1929:
1911:
1899:Хьэнцэ гуащэ
1860:
1848:
1843:
1832:
1819:
1795:
1719:aristocratic
1704:
1684:
1593:Novorossisk-
1513:
1495:
1477:
1450:
1432:
1414:
1387:
1369:
1342:
1324:
1297:
1279:
1261:
1243:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1166:
1148:
1130:
1112:
1067:
1048:
1029:and was the
1017:), Lebanon (
1015:Wadi Al-Seer
996:
931:
927:
878:
876:
792:Adyghe Xabze
752:
747:(until 1945)
723:Contemporary
722:
697:
696:
664:
640:
616:
549:Christianity
457:
455:
444:
401:
399:
379:(historical)
371:(historical)
363:(historical)
335:Saudi Arabia
280:
279:
259:Adyghe Xabze
230:
30:Ethnic group
8291:Queen Rania
8037:Agriculture
7960:LGBT rights
7771:Arab Revolt
7624:Circassians
7402:Armeno-Tats
7319:Ural Swedes
7205:Macedonians
7200:Lithuanians
7037:Mingrelians
6913:Belarusians
6895:Cherkesogai
6565:Chat Tatars
6061: [
6047: [
5687:Circassians
5542:Falash Mura
5537:Beta Israel
5515:Bene Israel
5246:WikiProject
5177:Video games
4969:Individuals
4962:LGBT rights
4952:Health care
4919:Immigration
4700:Gendarmerie
4659:Referendums
4575:Legislative
4472:Earthquakes
4357:Oghuz Turks
4246:Dissolution
4037:(in French)
3711:Nili Natkho
3401:Blanghaps (
3124:Pshedatok (
2739:Тхьакъуахъо
2729:Тхьэкъуахъо
2387:Мэджаджэкъу
2352:Lhatsariqu
2346:Lhekhuzhequ
2246:Baghagush’u
2059:Абир (Абыр)
1983:Circassian
1977:Circassian
1971:Circassian
1965:Circassian
1959:Circassian
1953:Circassian
1936:Шапсыгъэбзэ
1863:viticulture
1696:Middle East
1687:Kuban River
1621:Tuapse-----
1607:Gelendzhik-
1073:a reservoir
1001:), Jordan (
982:(mainly in
753:Key battles
586:(Kabardian)
264:Circassians
233:Circassians
195:Sunni Islam
8388:Categories
8276:King Talal
8232:newspapers
7982:Parliament
7940:Corruption
7761:Hashemites
7756:Nabataeans
7362:Vietnamese
7347:Ukrainians
7275:Ruska Roma
7249:Pakistanis
7235:Norwegians
7192:Latgalians
7102:Hungarians
7063:Mennonites
6928:Bulgarians
6811:Tabasarans
6305:Kamchadals
6251:Indigenous
6020:Izhma Komi
5966:Kabardians
5697:Vietnamese
5680:Subbotniks
5622:Samaritans
5495:Romaniotes
5431:Ashkenazim
5386:Protestant
5118:Newspapers
5103:Literature
5083:Folk dance
4984:Corruption
4868:Minorities
4796:Renewables
4751:Automotive
4560:Government
4291:Secularism
3909:2010-10-26
3869:2015-09-22
3787:2023-01-05
3745:References
3544:Gorkhezh (
3407:БлэнгъэпсI
3324:Shoupash (
3146:Psekenop (
2704:Shhakumida
2687:ХьамтIэхъу
2619:НэмылIэкъу
2578:Sabeniqu)
2527:Шъхьэлахъо
2515:Хьахъуратэ
2381:Лъэпшъыкъу
2349:Лъэцэрыкъу
2290:Yashutalha
2249:Дэджэраджэ
2243:БэгъэгушIу
2238:Chasabazh
1916:(Hanafi).
1887:Хышхогуащэ
1867:beekeeping
1745:, joining
1731:democratic
1649:Gagra-----
1635:Sochi-----
1579:Anapa-----
1168:Yegeruqwai
936:Circassian
511:Yegeruqway
476:Cherchenay
8140:hospitals
8118:Education
8077:Transport
8062:Oil shale
7945:Elections
7838:Geography
7614:Assyrians
7609:Armenians
7548:Religions
7493:Pumpokols
7488:Meshchera
7308:Spaniards
7283:Romanians
7215:Moldovans
7162:Krymchaks
7097:Hamshenis
7016:Adjarians
7010:Georgians
6958:Estonians
6903:Assyrians
6889:Armenians
6879:Americans
6844:Besermyan
6762:Kubachins
6687:Chamalals
6666:Bagvalals
6528:Kumandins
6457:Hamnigans
6413:Izhorians
6405:Northwest
6375:Nganasans
6367:Khandeyar
6262:Far North
6233:Nağaybäks
6219:Kryashens
6115:Ossetians
6107:Khandeyar
5981:Karelians
5976:Karachays
5876:Telengits
5848:Natukhajs
5723:Filipinos
5660:Armenians
5632:Maronites
5617:Assyrians
5532:Ethiopian
5446:Bulgarian
5364:Ahmadiyya
5172:TV series
5130:Miniature
5073:Festivals
4989:Terrorism
4940:Education
4873:Languages
4717:Air Force
4632:Elections
4580:Executive
4526:Mountains
4393:Geography
4312:Overviews
4251:Partition
4217:Tulip era
3650:Шхьэлахъо
3610:Showgan (
3550:ГъоркIожъ
3533:Thawcho (
3418:БэтIыуашъ
3412:Batwash (
3347:Kfar Kama
3313:Shawash (
3267:Naghouj (
3212:Hatough (
3190:Hadagha (
3141:Шхьэлахъо
3130:Пшыдатукъ
2784:Shawatahu
2781:Шъэотэхьу
2742:Thaquakho
2732:Thaqwakho
2690:Hamtakhu
2622:Namilhaqu
2589:ШIужъэкъу
2530:Shhalakho
2518:Hakhurata
2451:Хьэлъакъу
2390:Majajaqu
2384:Lhapshiqu
2328:Chachekhu
2325:КIакIыхъу
2314:Lhekhuzh
2287:Ешъуталъэ
2273:Къэрэджан
2235:КIэсэбэжъ
2086:Bzhihalh
1891:Black Sea
1798:Circassia
1222:Kabardian
1085:Circassia
1035:Kabardian
1031:down town
999:Kfar Kama
992:Circassia
940:Black Sea
908:Şapsığlar
672:Circassia
629:Maeotians
435:Kabardian
425:Chemirgoy
402:Surviving
254:Circassia
149:Languages
8394:Shapsugs
8368:Category
8227:Ro'ya TV
8162:Religion
8128:Ministry
7987:Military
7913:Politics
7899:Wildlife
7860:Dead Sea
7740:articles
7670:Refugees
7619:Chechens
7442:Sireniki
7383:Africans
7332:Turkmens
7303:Slovenes
7259:Persians
7186:Latvians
7117:Japanese
7112:Italians
6918:Bosniaks
6826:Tsakhurs
6798:Karagash
6791:Ak Nogai
6722:Khwarshi
6694:Godoberi
6680:Botlikhs
6645:Akhvakhs
6616:Dagestan
6606:Tofalars
6523:Kamasins
6475:Negidals
6443:Far East
6428:Vepsians
6390:Yukaghir
6330:Alyutors
6300:Itelmens
6275:Chukchis
6142:Cossacks
6136:Russians
6080:Mordvins
5936:Besleney
5930:Cherkess
5906:Chechens
5896:Bashkirs
5883:Tubalars
5869:Chelkans
5863:Altaians
5855:Shapsugs
5841:Bzhedugs
5753:Sudanese
5692:Bosniaks
5675:Russians
5639:Lebanese
5627:Arameans
5601:Lebanese
5490:Karaites
5483:Yemenite
5463:Mizrahim
5451:Moroccan
5436:Romanian
5413:Buddhism
5408:Hinduism
5381:Catholic
5342:Haymanot
5322:Rabbinic
5222:Category
5160:Football
5145:Painting
5088:Folklore
4996:Marriage
4902:Istanbul
4885:Religion
4838:Railways
4828:Aviation
4766:Currency
4624:Politics
4592:Judicial
4568:Branches
4546:Wildlife
4336:Military
4324:Economic
4229:Tanzimat
4030:Archived
3955:Archived
3878:cite web
3839:cite web
3717:See also
3638:Шъэгьашъ
3588:Shamsi (
3566:Hadish (
3539:Тхьэухъо
3500:Natkho (
3456:Qatizh (
3451:Къалыкъу
3379:Bghana (
3278:Hakuch (
3256:Bghana (
3245:Khorma (
3234:Tamokh (
3223:Naghoj (
3201:Meesha (
3196:Хьэдагъэ
3152:Псыкынуп
2987:ШъэIужъу
2957:Хьэтаужъ
2950:Shakhal’
2920:Shiwmizh
2835:ХъутIыжъ
2749:Шъэгьашъ
2631:РатIэкъу
2592:Shuzhaqu
2542:Pshiwch
2498:Psachach
2495:ПсэкIэкI
2477:Хьазыкъу
2372:Lhekhuzh
2369:ЛIыхъужъ
2360:Yarghuzh
2340:Khidzalh
2322:Yamezagh
2311:ЛIыхъужъ
2276:Qarajam
2270:Qanshazh
2267:Къанщэжь
2264:Tirquawa
2252:Dajaraja
2200:Yaquash
2150:Naghuchu
2083:БжыхьалI
1946:Families
1920:Language
1903:droughts
1759:Natukhai
1691:Natukhai
1497:Mamkhegh
1371:Natukhai
1344:Natukhai
1263:Hatuqwai
1204:Besleney
1132:Temirgoy
1114:Temirgoy
1039:Abadzekh
932:Shapsogh
928:Shapsugh
916:الشابسوغ
641:Medieval
580:(Adyghe)
528:Religion
506:Mamkhegh
486:Hakuchey
440:Natukhaj
430:Hatuqway
415:Besleney
360:Bulgaria
242:Адыгэхэр
221:a series
218:Part of
188:Religion
8352:Outline
8207:Cuisine
8189:Culture
8096:Society
8072:Tourism
8025:Economy
7930:Cabinet
7894:Red Sea
7850:Borders
7748:History
7665:Syrians
7604:African
7594:Bedouin
7458:Agrzhan
7437:Qaratay
7427:Korlaks
7367:Yazidis
7357:Uyghurs
7298:Slovaks
7254:Pamiris
7173:Kurmanj
7141:Koreans
7127:Kazakhs
7107:Indians
7057:Germans
7023:Ingiloy
6953:Dungans
6923:Britons
6874:Afghans
6780:Lezgins
6755:Kaitags
6749:Dargins
6715:Karatas
6708:Hunzibs
6701:Hinukhs
6673:Bezhtas
6624:Abazins
6601:Teleuts
6515:Siberia
6433:Votians
6380:Selkups
6325:Koryaks
6290:Dolgans
6285:Chuvans
6280:Chulyms
6253:peoples
6194:Udmurts
6086:Mokshas
5999:Abugach
5992:Koibals
5971:Kalmyks
5925:Chuvash
5920:Chukchi
5901:Buryats
5891:Balkars
5825:Titular
5718:Chinese
5670:Indians
5577:Galilee
5572:Bedouin
5500:Italkim
5478:Kurdish
5473:Iranian
5456:Turkish
5441:Russian
5393:Druzism
5337:Karaite
5317:Judaism
5258:Outline
5234:Commons
5167:Theater
5150:Pottery
5066:Ottoman
5061:Cuisine
5039:Ottoman
5016:Culture
5001:Poverty
4933:Society
4818:Tourism
4771:Defense
4743:Economy
4585:Cabinet
4516:Geology
4460:Climate
4402:Regions
4329:Ottoman
4147:Beyliks
4143:Seljuks
4108:History
3662:Къуаджэ
3654:Kuadzhe
3627:Шъуагьэ
3621:Shaga (
3616:Шэугьэн
3605:Чушъхьэ
3555:Hazal (
3522:Napso (
3473:ЛъыIужъ
3462:Къэтыжъ
3434:Kobla (
3374:Ачумыжъ
3357:Abrag (
3319:ШъэошIу
3273:нэгъуцу
3218:Хьэтогъ
3179:Kwiej (
3113:Kosho (
3071:Шэугьэн
3046:Sharalh
3018:Shawman
3015:Шъэумэн
2990:Shauzhu
2980:Chemso
2960:Hatawzh
2927:Хьаратэ
2917:Шыумыжъ
2897:Хьантыу
2870:Hamtizh
2848:Shakolh
2845:ШэкIолI
2838:Khutezh
2752:Shagash
2684:Choshha
2681:Чушъхьэ
2661:Шъхьабэ
2650:Haghun
2647:Хьагъун
2625:Шъуагьэ
2559:Псэукъо
2550:Mafawud
2486:Naghuzh
2483:Нэгъужъ
2474:L’hikas
2471:ЛIыкьас
2454:Halhaqu
2378:Zhaghur
2375:Хьагъур
2363:МэзакIу
2357:Ергъужъ
2337:ХыдзэлI
2319:Емызагъ
2305:Къуаджэ
2261:Тыркуао
2255:Дэбэхьу
2232:Yinikho
2226:Ptsasha
2197:ЕкIуашъ
2188:Waghulh
2176:Ghurezh
2173:Гъурыжъ
2147:Нэгъучу
2115:Борэкъо
2080:Bzhasho
2077:БжьашIо
2068:Achmuzh
2065:Ачумыжъ
1875:Созереш
1857:Culture
1837:Russian
1787:cleanse
1777:of the
1775:capital
1751:council
1727:Фэкъул1
1711:Жьыбгъэ
1548:Tapanta
1479:Shapsug
1452:Shapsug
1281:Bzhedug
1186:Makhosh
1091:History
1077:Russian
1043:Bzhedug
1019:Tripoli
948:Жьыбгъэ
924:שפסוגים
904:Turkish
900:шапсуги
896:Russian
887:шапсыгъ
879:Shapsug
780:Culture
617:Ancient
597:History
501:Makhosh
496:Khegayk
471:Chebsin
445:Shapsug
420:Bzhedug
410:Abzakhs
376:Romania
325:Germany
174:Turkish
170:Russian
63:807,882
40:Шапсыгъ
34:Shapsug
18:Shapsug
8399:Adygea
8373:Portal
8263:People
8202:Cinema
8135:Health
8052:Energy
7876:Nahias
7855:Cities
7738:
7736:Jordan
7660:Iraqis
7478:Muroma
7412:Buzava
7352:Uzbeks
7327:Tajiks
7313:Swedes
7288:Rusyns
7181:Kyrgyz
7078:Greeks
7005:Gagauz
7000:French
6948:Czechs
6943:Cubans
6869:Abkhaz
6816:Talysh
6806:Rutuls
6785:Nogais
6770:Kumyks
6729:Tindis
6659:Archis
6629:Aghuls
6547:Soyots
6485:Orochs
6480:Nivkhs
6451:Evenks
6395:Yupiks
6361:Nenets
6356:Naukan
6343:Karaga
6320:Khanty
6310:Kereks
6270:Aleuts
6241:Yakuts
6204:Tatars
6180:Tuvans
6172:Pomors
6121:Digors
6101:Nenets
6093:Erzyas
6009:Khanty
5986:Khakas
5961:Ingush
5943:Ademey
5835:Adyghe
5728:Greeks
5510:Cochin
5505:Indian
5332:Reform
5210:Portal
5155:Sports
5056:Cinema
5051:Carpet
5034:Seljuk
5024:Anthem
4907:Ankara
4776:Energy
4668:Topics
4536:Rivers
4453:Topics
4345:Topics
4100:Turkey
3978:
3930:
3826:17 May
3722:Other
3658:Adyghe
3652:) and
3646:Adyghe
3634:Adyghe
3623:Adyghe
3612:Adyghe
3601:Adyghe
3594:Чомшъо
3590:Adyghe
3583:Хьэхъу
3579:Adyghe
3572:Хьэдищ
3568:Adyghe
3561:Хъэзэл
3557:Adyghe
3546:Adyghe
3535:Adyghe
3528:Нэпсэу
3524:Adyghe
3513:Adyghe
3511:Nash (
3506:Натхъо
3502:Adyghe
3491:Adyghe
3489:Nago (
3484:ЛIыпый
3480:Adyghe
3469:Adyghe
3467:Lauz (
3458:Adyghe
3447:Adyghe
3436:Adyghe
3425:Adyghe
3423:Zazi (
3414:Adyghe
3403:Adyghe
3392:Adyghe
3381:Adyghe
3370:Adyghe
3363:Абрэгь
3359:Adyghe
3351:Israel
3326:Adyghe
3315:Adyghe
3308:Натхъо
3304:Adyghe
3296:Хэкужъ
3292:Adyghe
3280:Adyghe
3269:Adyghe
3262:Бгъанэ
3258:Adyghe
3251:Хъурмэ
3247:Adyghe
3240:Тамохъ
3236:Adyghe
3229:Нэгъуж
3225:Adyghe
3214:Adyghe
3203:Adyghe
3192:Adyghe
3181:Adyghe
3170:Adyghe
3159:Adyghe
3148:Adyghe
3137:Adyghe
3126:Adyghe
3115:Adyghe
3107:Jordan
3074:Shogan
3043:ШэрэлI
2977:чемсо
2947:ШэхэлI
2930:Harata
2900:Hantuw
2887:Хьатыу
2825:Хьапый
2806:Khupsh
2720:Shutsa
2717:ШIуцIэ
2710:Tamukh
2707:Тамухъ
2698:Sakhut
2695:Сэхъут
2671:ТIэшъу
2644:Hatish
2641:Хьатыщ
2634:Rataqu
2628:Shuaga
2614:Thalh
2611:ТхьалI
2598:Pakozh
2595:Пэкожъ
2586:Natkho
2583:Натхъо
2553:Хьурым
2547:Мэфэуд
2539:ПщыукI
2521:Нэпсэу
2512:Malish
2480:Haziqu
2442:Tkhizh
2433:Кьэхъу
2428:Mamat
2413:Хьахъу
2366:Mazaku
2281:Джарым
2258:Dabahu
2229:Иныхъу
2217:Джарым
2205:Быркьэ
2185:ОгъулI
2182:Bghana
2179:Бгъанэ
2162:Dacha
2124:Gunai
2118:Boraqo
2100:Alasha
2094:Achoqw
2091:Ачокъу
2071:Абрэгь
2056:Achazh
2053:Акьэжъ
1932:Adyghe
1895:Adyghe
1883:Adyghe
1871:Adyghe
1865:, and
1826:Adyghe
1806:Adyghe
1763:Adyghe
1757:, and
1747:Shamil
1723:Adyghe
1715:Tuapse
1713:) and
1707:Adyghe
1671:Adyghe
1564:Abkhaz
1532:Abazin
1515:Shegak
1416:Abzakh
1389:Abzakh
1326:Zhaney
1150:Adamey
1057:until
1041:, and
1007:Na'our
980:Adygea
964:Tuapse
944:Adyghe
920:Hebrew
912:Arabic
883:Adyghe
871:Adyghe
665:Modern
653:Zichia
516:Zhaney
491:Khatuq
466:Ademey
368:Kosovo
315:Israel
310:Jordan
305:Turkey
224:on the
206:Other
182:Arabic
178:Hebrew
134:
122:Russia
119:
103:Israel
100:
83:Turkey
80:
8359:Index
8305:Lists
8249:Sport
8239:Music
8217:Media
8167:Islam
7972:Kings
7644:Turks
7639:Kurds
7573:Druze
7556:Islam
7483:Merya
7473:Kotts
7463:Asans
7397:Ainus
7337:Turks
7293:Serbs
7264:Poles
7230:Mugat
7167:Kurds
7084:Urums
7044:Svans
6972:Finns
6964:Setos
6884:Arabs
6836:Other
6652:Andis
6639:Avars
6533:Shors
6505:Ulchs
6500:Udege
6490:Oroks
6470:Nanai
6465:Evens
6423:Setos
6385:Yughs
6351:Mansi
6336:Apuka
6295:Enets
6128:Irons
6065:]
6051:]
6033:Mansi
5738:Kurds
5733:Turks
5665:Dutch
5596:Druze
5582:Negev
5554:Arabs
5468:Iraqi
5403:Bahai
5354:Sunni
5349:Islam
5140:Names
5135:Music
5108:Media
4979:Crime
4912:İzmir
4521:Lakes
4506:Fauna
3701:Dr Oz
3445:Qal (
3440:Коблэ
3390:Bat (
3330:Шупащ
3284:Хьэху
3185:Къуеж
3157:Jan (
3103:Amman
2890:Hatuw
2860:Hatkh
2857:Хьатх
2828:Hapiy
2803:Хъупщ
2761:Тыкъо
2674:Tashu
2666:Ubykh
2658:Watah
2655:Отэхь
2572:Wshiy
2569:Ушъый
2562:Psoqo
2556:Hurim
2524:Napso
2509:Мэлыщ
2504:Nawq
2501:Нэукъ
2448:Nasha
2439:Тхыжъ
2436:Qakhw
2425:Мэмэт
2422:Misha
2419:Мышъэ
2416:Hakhu
2404:Pakhu
2401:Пэхъу
2308:Quaja
2296:Daguf
2293:Дэгуф
2284:Jarem
2223:Пцашэ
2220:Jarem
2211:Дыжьы
2208:Berqa
2191:Джадэ
2170:Bzish
2156:Gusar
2153:Гусэр
2129:Багьэ
2121:Гунай
2112:Yagum
2109:Егъум
2106:Basta
2103:Бастэ
2097:Алащэ
2074:Abreg
1771:Sochi
1767:Шъачэ
1755:Ubykh
1434:Ubykh
1299:Adele
1027:Amman
1003:Amman
976:Sochi
966:) of
634:Zygii
544:Islam
481:Guaye
450:Ubykh
355:Egypt
340:Libya
320:Syria
108:4,000
8222:JRTV
8211:wine
8009:list
7811:1973
7806:1968
7801:1967
7796:1948
7634:Jews
7578:Jews
7468:Chud
7342:Udis
7269:Roma
7122:Jews
6821:Tats
6775:Laks
6736:Tsez
6418:Sámi
6315:Kets
6202:(as
6038:Mari
6014:Komi
5423:Jews
5359:Shia
5182:Wine
5078:Flag
4781:Coal
4727:Navy
4722:Land
4190:Rise
4145:and
3976:ISBN
3928:ISBN
3884:link
3845:link
3828:2016
3495:Наго
3429:Зази
3207:Мишэ
3163:Джан
2816:Shiw
2764:Tiqo
2608:Khun
2605:Хъун
2492:Shaw
2489:Шъау
2466:Met
2445:Нащэ
2410:Nago
2407:Наго
2398:K’uf
2395:КIуф
2334:Lhif
2331:ЛIыф
2302:Khud
2299:Хъуд
2214:Dizh
2194:Jada
2167:Бзыщ
2159:Дачэ
2144:Bata
2141:Батэ
2138:Baws
2135:Бэус
2132:Baga
2062:Abir
1789:the
1059:2002
986:and
877:The
609:Show
350:Iran
345:Iraq
180:and
8197:Art
7629:Dom
7092:Han
7030:Laz
6539:Aba
6495:Taz
5046:Art
4791:Oil
4786:Gas
3664:).
3517:Наш
3396:Бат
2813:Шыу
2796:Tiw
2793:Тыу
2774:Tiw
2771:Тыу
2536:Tim
2533:Тым
2463:Мэт
2460:Met
2457:Мэт
1907:aul
1669:An
1068:In
974:of
930:or
168:),
8390::
6063:ru
6049:ru
5113:TV
4012:.
3880:}}
3876:{{
3841:}}
3837:{{
3830:.
3818:.
3753:^
3660::
3648::
3636::
3625::
3614::
3603::
3592::
3581::
3570::
3559::
3548::
3537::
3526::
3515::
3504::
3493::
3482::
3471::
3460::
3449::
3438::
3427::
3416::
3405::
3394::
3383::
3372::
3361::
3349:,
3328::
3317::
3306::
3294::
3282::
3271::
3260::
3249::
3238::
3227::
3216::
3205::
3194::
3183::
3172::
3161::
3150::
3139::
3128::
3117::
3105:,
1934::
1897::
1885::
1873::
1839::
1835:,
1828::
1812:)
1808::
1769:)
1765::
1725::
1709::
1087:.
1079::
1037:,
1021:,
1013:,
1009:,
1005:,
994:.
970:,
946::
922::
918:,
914::
910:,
906::
902:,
898::
894:,
885::
176:,
172:,
164:,
61:c.
8213:)
8209:(
7728:e
7721:t
7714:v
7532:e
7525:t
7518:v
6206:)
5809:e
5802:t
5795:v
5293:e
5286:t
5279:v
4085:e
4078:t
4071:v
3912:.
3886:)
3872:.
3847:)
3804:.
3790:.
3656:(
3640:)
3629:)
3618:)
3607:)
3596:)
3585:)
3574:)
3563:)
3552:)
3541:)
3530:)
3519:)
3508:)
3497:)
3486:)
3475:)
3464:)
3453:)
3442:)
3431:)
3420:)
3409:)
3398:)
3387:)
3376:)
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