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for orientation and control. A non-pressurized part of the
Service Module (propulsion compartment, agregatniy otsek) contains the main engine and a liquid-fuelled propulsion system for maneuvering in orbit and initiating the descent back to Earth. Outside the Service Module are the sensors for the orientation system and the solar array, which is oriented towards the Sun by rotating the ship.
603:
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175:. In addition to full functionality of a service module, it featured a sizeable pressurized cargo bay, and a docking port – as opposed to its conventional location on the front of the re-entry capsule, which in case of the TKS instead possessed its own downscaled service module with de-orbiting thrusters – allowing the FGB to remain docked as an extension of the space station.
152:, but was cancelled when his spacesuit overheated, causing his visor to fog up. But the best example would be the final three Apollo missions, in which the J-series service modules included scientific instrument module (SIM) bays that took pictures and other readouts in lunar orbit. In addition to the film cameras, similar to those used on the
54:
is sometimes more directly translated "Instrument-Assembly
Compartment". This comes from the design feature of having the guidance and other computer systems in a separate pressure chamber (the instruments) from the rocket engines, their propellant tanks, and the life support tanks (from the German
246:
At the back of the Soyuz spacecraft is the
Service Module. It has a pressurized container shaped like a bulging can (instrumentation compartment, priborniy otsek) that contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range radio communications, radio telemetry, and instruments
38:
containing a variety of support systems used for spacecraft operations. Usually located in the uninhabited area of the spacecraft, the service module serves a storehouse of critical subsystems and supplies for the mission such as electrical systems, environmental control, and propellant tanks. The
261:
The aft service module of the
Shenzhou spacecraft contains life support and other equipment required for the functioning of Shenzhou. Two pairs of solar panels, one pair on the service module and the other pair on the orbital module, have a total area of over 40 m2 (430 ft), indicating average
284:, and high altitude ascent aborts. It provides the water and oxygen needed for a habitable environment, generates and stores electrical power, and maintains the temperature of the vehicle's systems and components. This module can also transport unpressurized cargo and scientific payloads.
280:, serving as its primary power and propulsion component until it is discarded at the end of each mission. The service module supports the crew module from launch through separation prior to reentry. It provides in-space propulsion capability for orbital transfer,
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While this would be used for a "baseline" service module, a service module may also be modified for additional functions. An example would be the equipment module on
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164:, also launched a lunar "subsatellite" before the astronauts performed the Trans-Earth Injection burn with the onboard service propulsion system.
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59:, which gets translated "assembly"). The Russians use the term "module" (модуль) primarily in regards to elements of a modular
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spacecraft and requiring the
Command Module Pilot to perform a deep-space EVA during the return trip, two of the SIM bays, on
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104:(LOX) for fuel cell operation and water production, with LOX also being used to provide breathing oxygen for the crew.
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Depending upon the spacecraft architecture and system design, a typical service module usually contain the following:
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210:(USOS), as well as living quarters for two crew members. It is the structural and functional center of the
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service module is jettisoned upon the completion of the mission, and usually burns up during
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to provide electrical power to the spacecraft (batteries are also used in the crew capsule)
202:(ISS). It was the third module launched to the station, and provides all of the station's
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part of the ISS. Crew assemble here to deal with emergencies on the station.
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Thermal control systems for proper heating and cooling of above systems.
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to force consumables and fuel from source tanks to their destinations.
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529:
Departing Space
Station Commander Provides Tour of Orbital Laboratory
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A unique inhabitable variation of the service module concept is the
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The
European Service Module is the service module component of the
137:
112:
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773:
606:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
547:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
512:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4167:
4021:
4011:
2906:
2674:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2448:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
947:
941:
936:
913:
908:
891:
400:
392:
387:
367:
215:
108:
2506:
2496:
2491:
2486:
563:"Space station astronauts take shelter from solar radiation"
3153:
2881:
379:
226:
launch vehicle on 12 July 2000, and docked with the
265:
4234:
3159:Primary guidance, navigation, and control system
287:
3480:
3933:
3466:
3277:Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment
2992:
2955:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
2089:
632:
118:Guidance computer systems and related sensors
2967:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
526:Williams, Sunita (presenter) (3 July 2015).
178:
3006:
532:(video). NASA. Event occurs at 17.46-18.26
3995:
3940:
3926:
3473:
3459:
2999:
2985:
2174:
2096:
2082:
669:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
639:
625:
250:
4034:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle
3947:
664:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
148:that would have been tested by astronaut
3503:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
3257:Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
560:
206:, some of which are supplemented in the
3803:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
3498:Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
2062:The † sign designates failed missions.
561:Roylance, Frank D. (11 November 2000).
458:
456:
235:
4235:
4163:Exploration Systems Architecture Study
3282:Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment
586:
183:
3921:
3454:
2980:
2077:
620:
4213:
3329:Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment
3272:Apollo 14 Passive Seismic Experiment
3267:Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment
2630:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
2060:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
2052:Uncrewed missions are designated as
489:
487:
453:
140:, when it was modified to carry the
646:
587:Stofer, Kathryn (29 October 2013).
13:
3299:Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment
3287:Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment
2103:
14:
4254:
3252:Solar Wind Composition Experiment
495:"Explore the Exploration Vehicle"
484:
354:Apollo Lunar Module descent stage
4212:
4201:
4200:
3442:Category:Apollo program hardware
3437:
3436:
725:
601:
542:
507:
406:
399:
386:
373:
366:
347:
335:
323:
311:
299:
3813:Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
3070:Launch Vehicle Digital Computer
2882:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
589:"Tuesday/Wednesday Solar Punch"
464:"CSM07 Service Module Overview"
436:Command module (disambiguation)
266:European Service Module (Orion)
173:TKS Transport Supply Spacecraft
4178:NASA Authorization Act of 2005
4142:Max Launch Abort System (MLAS)
3360:Lunar Landing Research Vehicle
3240:Lunar Laser Ranging experiment
3210:Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment
2707:"Houston, we've had a problem"
2196:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
2066:designates cancelled missions.
580:
554:
519:
262:electrical power over 1.5 kW.
1:
3319:Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment
3294:Modular Equipment Transporter
2950:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
2723:Modular Equipment Transporter
717:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
446:
4158:Vision for Space Exploration
3419:Rendezvous Docking Simulator
3230:Portable Life Support System
3139:Apollo Abort Guidance System
288:List of past service modules
7:
3398:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
2887:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
2211:Manned Space Flight Network
419:
359:
200:International Space Station
10:
4259:
3902:indicates current missions
3808:Wenchang Space Launch Site
3482:China Manned Space Program
3365:Mobile quarantine facility
3309:Lunar Surface Magnetometer
2270:Command and Service Module
2172:
292:
269:
254:
239:
187:
146:astronaut maneuvering unit
4196:
4150:
4137:Launch Abort System (LAS)
4124:
4103:
4075:
4047:
4004:
3993:
3968:
3955:
3908:indicates future missions
3895:
3827:
3795:
3747:
3705:
3650:
3561:
3525:
3518:
3493:China Manned Space Agency
3488:
3434:
3406:
3373:
3337:
3314:Lunar Traverse Gravimeter
3262:Active Seismic Experiment
3220:
3192:
3174:Descent propulsion system
3129:
3078:
3045:
3014:
2963:
2937:
2895:
2830:
2814:
2746:
2715:
2699:
2645:
2571:
2548:
2515:
2467:
2414:
2343:
2297:
2290:
2257:
2219:
2183:
2136:
2128:List of Apollo astronauts
2111:
2050:
2014:
1993:
1842:
1728:
1604:
1416:
1305:
1274:
1227:
1041:
1015:
989:
964:
852:
743:
734:
723:
677:
654:
179:Operating service modules
171:developed for the Soviet
70:
4173:Constellation Space Suit
4055:Crew Exploration Vehicle
3855:Shuguang Group 1970 list
3304:Lunar Surface Gravimeter
3179:Ascent propulsion system
3154:Lunar Sounder Experiment
3149:Apollo Guidance Computer
3144:Apollo Docking Mechanism
318:Voskhod equipment module
232:module on 26 July 2000.
3882:Yuan Wang tracking ship
3245:list of retroreflectors
3008:Apollo program hardware
330:Gemini equipment module
306:Vostok equipment module
272:European Service Module
251:Shenzhou service module
212:Russian Orbital Segment
46:The Russian phrase for
4116:Mission Control Center
3850:Chinese women in space
3738:Tiangong space station
3350:Launch Umbilical Tower
3164:Apollo Telescope Mount
2945:Lunar orbit rendezvous
2806:Postal covers incident
2796:Hadley Rille meteorite
2670:Bench Crater meteorite
2191:Mission Control Center
659:List of Soyuz missions
413:Hermes resource module
169:Functional Cargo Block
121:Fuel and oxidizer for
31:) is a component of a
29:instrument compartment
16:Spacecraft compartment
4243:Spacecraft components
3949:Constellation program
3105:Apollo service module
3091:Apollo command module
2615:Lunar sample displays
685:Soyuz (rocket family)
393:Kliper service module
342:Apollo Service Module
257:Shenzhou (spacecraft)
198:, is a module of the
196:Zvezda Service Module
65:Zvezda Service Module
4183:Augustine Commission
4111:Kennedy Space Center
3414:Lunar escape systems
3324:Heat Flow Experiment
3235:Lunar Roving Vehicle
2865:Lunar sample display
2855:Nansen-Apollo crater
2282:Lunar Roving Vehicle
2258:Spacecraft and rover
2206:Kennedy Space Center
860:Zond lunar programme
737:(by spacecraft type)
236:Soyuz service module
214:(ROS), which is the
204:life support systems
3386:Lunar Flag Assembly
3355:Crawler-transporter
3110:Apollo Lunar Module
2728:Fra Mauro formation
2689:Streptococcus mitis
2201:Crawler-transporter
695:Baikonur Cosmodrome
497:. NASA. 6 June 2013
380:CSTS service module
190:Zvezda (ISS module)
184:Zvezda (ISS module)
41:atmospheric reentry
3787:Feitian space suit
2870:Lunar basalt 70017
2831:Apollo 17 specific
2815:Apollo 16 specific
2747:Apollo 15 specific
2716:Apollo 14 specific
2700:Apollo 13 specific
2646:Apollo 12 specific
2637:In popular culture
2605:Little West crater
2572:Apollo 11 specific
1967:(uncrewed landing)
1174:(uncrewed landing)
690:Soyuz (spacecraft)
242:Soyuz (spacecraft)
222:was launched on a
208:US Orbital Segment
23:(also known as an
4228:
4227:
4132:Orion abort modes
4104:Ground facilities
4083:Launch Complex 39
3915:
3914:
3651:Tianzhou missions
3646:
3645:
3519:Shenzhou missions
3448:
3447:
3200:Apollo/Skylab A7L
2974:
2973:
2610:Goodwill messages
2549:Apollo 8 specific
2544:
2543:
2265:Apollo spacecraft
2184:Ground facilities
2154:Launch Complex 39
2149:Launch Complex 37
2144:Launch Complex 34
2121:canceled missions
2071:
2070:
1989:
1988:
1976:(uncrewed launch)
1189:(uncrewed launch)
1000:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
975:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
712:Soyuz abort modes
567:The Baltimore Sun
4250:
4216:
4215:
4204:
4203:
3999:
3988:
3980:
3960:List of missions
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3860:China Group 1996
3713:Tiangong program
3523:
3522:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3392:Fallen Astronaut
3184:Scimitar antenna
3169:Apollo TV camera
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2877:Troctolite 76535
2780:Fallen Astronaut
2759:Lunar operations
2595:Tranquility Base
2502:Pad Abort Test-2
2482:Pad Abort Test-1
2295:
2294:
2178:
2137:Launch complexes
2116:List of missions
2098:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2074:
1994:Current missions
1977:
1968:
1924:
1432:
1332:
1262:
1190:
1175:
1114:
810:
765:
760:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
741:
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634:
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378:
377:
371:
370:
352:
351:
340:
339:
328:
327:
316:
315:
304:
303:
282:attitude control
278:Orion spacecraft
123:reaction control
52:Soyuz spacecraft
25:equipment module
4258:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4192:
4188:Artemis program
4146:
4120:
4099:
4071:
4043:
4005:Launch vehicles
4000:
3991:
3986:
3978:
3964:
3951:
3946:
3916:
3911:
3891:
3865:Chinese Group 1
3823:
3818:Siziwang Banner
3791:
3743:
3731:
3701:
3642:
3557:
3514:
3484:
3479:
3449:
3444:
3430:
3402:
3369:
3345:Mobile Launcher
3333:
3222:
3216:
3188:
3131:
3125:
3074:
3065:Instrument unit
3047:
3041:
3015:Launch vehicles
3010:
3005:
2975:
2970:
2959:
2933:
2899:
2891:
2839:The Blue Marble
2826:
2810:
2801:Seatbelt basalt
2774:Hadley–Apennine
2769:Return to Earth
2764:Solo operations
2742:
2711:
2695:
2663:Surveyor crater
2653:Statio Cognitum
2641:
2579:Command Module
2567:
2563:Genesis reading
2540:
2511:
2463:
2424:Saturn-Apollo 1
2416:
2410:
2339:
2286:
2253:
2220:Launch vehicles
2215:
2179:
2170:
2132:
2107:
2102:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2046:
2015:Future missions
2010:
1985:
1975:
1966:
1922:
1838:
1724:
1600:
1430:
1412:
1330:
1301:
1270:
1256:
1223:
1188:
1173:
1112:
1037:
1011:
985:
960:
857:
848:
808:
763:
736:
730:
721:
673:
650:
648:Soyuz programme
645:
615:
614:
602:
594:
592:
585:
581:
571:
569:
559:
555:
543:
535:
533:
525:
524:
520:
508:
500:
498:
493:
492:
485:
475:
473:
466:
462:
461:
454:
449:
431:Reentry capsule
422:
405:
398:
385:
372:
365:
362:
346:
334:
322:
310:
298:
295:
290:
274:
268:
259:
253:
244:
238:
192:
186:
181:
99:
94:Liquid hydrogen
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4210:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4151:Related topics
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3820:(landing site)
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3709:
3707:
3706:Space stations
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3338:Ground support
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3046:Launch vehicle
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Taurus–Littrow
2842:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:Apollo program
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1846:(2016–present)
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1003:
996:
994:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
971:
969:
962:
961:
959:
958:
951:
944:
939:
934:
928:
922:
916:
911:
906:
900:
894:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
863:
850:
849:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
766:
757:
750:
748:
738:
732:
731:
724:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
708:
707:
702:
692:
687:
681:
679:
675:
674:
672:
671:
666:
661:
655:
652:
651:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
613:
612:
579:
553:
518:
483:
451:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
426:Orbital module
421:
418:
417:
416:
396:
383:
361:
358:
357:
356:
344:
332:
320:
308:
294:
291:
289:
286:
270:Main article:
267:
264:
255:Main article:
252:
249:
240:Main article:
237:
234:
188:Main article:
185:
182:
180:
177:
142:U.S. Air Force
134:
133:
130:
119:
116:
105:
97:
91:
72:
69:
48:service module
21:service module
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4255:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:Abort systems
4123:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:Lunar surface
3219:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Little Joe II
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:Shorty crater
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:Anniversaries
2623:
2621:
2620:Missing tapes
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Double crater
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2587:Lunar Module
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
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531:
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496:
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441:Space capsule
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154:Lunar Orbiter
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150:Eugene Cernan
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102:liquid oxygen
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61:space station
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36:space capsule
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4076:Launch sites
3969:Test flights
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3899:
3736:
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3635:
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3390:
3381:Lunar plaque
3114:
3095:
2929:Apollo–Soyuz
2850:Tracy's Rock
2837:
2786:Genesis Rock
2778:
2688:
2679:
2588:
2580:
2555:
2275:Lunar Module
2063:
2057:
2053:
1259:Apollo–Soyuz
1017:Soyuz 7K-OKS
991:Soyuz 7K-LOK
966:Soyuz 7K-L1E
953:
946:
593:. Retrieved
582:
570:. Retrieved
566:
556:
534:. Retrieved
528:
521:
499:. Retrieved
474:. Retrieved
470:
275:
260:
245:
227:
219:
195:
193:
166:
135:
107:Pressurized
84:solar panels
74:
56:
47:
45:
28:
24:
20:
18:
3840:Project 921
3425:Moon Museum
3193:Space suits
2900:capsule use
2897:Post-Apollo
2791:Great Scott
2691:on the Moon
2687:Reports of
2681:Moon Museum
2469:Abort tests
2417:development
2056:instead of
1853:Soyuz MS-01
1732:(2010–2016)
1730:Soyuz-TMA-M
1615:Soyuz TMA-1
1608:(2002–2012)
1420:(1986–2002)
1316:Kosmos 1001
1309:(1978–1986)
1278:(1974–1976)
1231:(1974–1976)
1229:Soyuz 7K-TM
1045:(1972–1981)
993:(1971–1972)
968:(1969–1970)
856:(1967–1970)
854:Soyuz 7K-L1
747:(1966–1970)
745:Soyuz 7K-OK
678:Main topics
595:1 September
572:1 September
536:1 September
476:February 5,
144:-developed
63:, e.g. the
4048:Spacecraft
3987:(Oct 2009)
3979:(Jul 2009)
3765:Long March
3718:Tiangong-1
3658:Tianzhou 1
3569:Shenzhou 5
3533:Shenzhou 1
3508:Taikonauts
3374:Ceremonial
3205:Beta cloth
3132:components
3130:Spacecraft
3079:Spacecraft
3060:J-2 engine
3055:F-1 engine
3048:components
2733:Big Bertha
2658:Surveyor 3
1923:(uncrewed)
1431:(uncrewed)
1427:Soyuz TM-1
1331:(uncrewed)
1285:Kosmos 670
1276:Soyuz 7K-S
1238:Kosmos 638
1113:(uncrewed)
1077:Kosmos 656
1067:Kosmos 613
1052:Kosmos 496
1043:Soyuz 7K-T
981:Kosmos 382
880:Zond 1967A
869:Kosmos 146
809:(uncrewed)
780:Kosmos 186
769:Kosmos 140
764:(uncrewed)
754:Kosmos 133
501:6 February
447:References
415:(canceled)
395:(canceled)
382:(canceled)
158:Apollos 15
127:propulsion
80:Fuel cells
3900:Underline
3223:equipment
3032:Saturn IB
2822:Big Muley
2738:Moon tree
2557:Earthrise
2406:Apollo 17
2401:Apollo 16
2396:Apollo 15
2391:Apollo 14
2386:Apollo 13
2381:Apollo 12
2376:Apollo 11
2371:Apollo 10
2242:Saturn IB
1606:Soyuz-TMA
1327:Soyuz T-1
705:Site 31/6
88:batteries
4237:Category
4207:Category
3984:Ares I-X
3887:Mengzhou
3845:Shuguang
3796:Facility
3760:Tianzhou
3755:Shenzhou
3748:Hardware
3526:Uncrewed
3097:Columbia
3037:Saturn V
3027:Saturn I
2581:Columbia
2459:Apollo 6
2454:Apollo 4
2366:Apollo 9
2361:Apollo 8
2356:Apollo 7
2351:Apollo 1
2335:Apollo 6
2330:Apollo 5
2325:Apollo 4
2298:Uncrewed
2247:Saturn V
2237:Saturn I
1844:Soyuz MS
1418:Soyuz-TM
1248:Soyuz 16
1082:Soyuz 14
1072:Soyuz 13
1062:Soyuz 12
1026:Soyuz 10
925:Zond-M 1
700:Site 1/5
420:See also
360:Canceled
138:Gemini 9
129:systems.
113:nitrogen
57:Aggregat
50:for the
4219:Commons
4039:Jupiter
4017:Ares IV
3906:Italics
3875:Group 3
3870:Group 2
3828:Related
3407:Related
3086:Apollo
2938:Related
2754:Journey
2519:flights
2517:Pegasus
2291:Flights
2064:Italics
1834:TMA-20M
1829:TMA-19M
1824:TMA-18M
1819:TMA-17M
1814:TMA-16M
1809:TMA-15M
1804:TMA-14M
1799:TMA-13M
1794:TMA-12M
1789:TMA-11M
1784:TMA-10M
1779:TMA-09M
1774:TMA-08M
1769:TMA-07M
1764:TMA-06M
1759:TMA-05M
1754:TMA-04M
1749:TMA-03M
1744:TMA-02M
1307:Soyuz-T
805:Soyuz 2
774:Soyuz 1
293:Retired
216:Russian
4168:DIRECT
4067:Altair
4022:Ares V
4012:Ares I
3562:Crewed
2907:Skylab
2675:J002E3
2536:AS-105
2531:AS-104
2526:AS-103
2449:AS-203
2415:Saturn
2344:Crewed
2320:AS-202
2315:AS-201
2310:AS-102
2305:AS-101
2232:Saturn
2054:Kosmos
1974:
1965:
1921:
1720:TMA-22
1715:TMA-21
1710:TMA-20
1705:TMA-19
1700:TMA-18
1695:TMA-17
1690:TMA-16
1685:TMA-15
1680:TMA-14
1675:TMA-13
1670:TMA-12
1665:TMA-11
1660:TMA-10
1429:
1329:
1255:
1187:
1172:
1111:
1019:(1971)
937:Zond 7
892:Zond 4
807:
591:. NASA
224:Proton
220:Zvezda
109:helium
100:) and
71:Design
33:crewed
4060:Orion
3116:Eagle
2589:Eagle
2507:A-004
2497:A-003
2492:A-002
2487:A-001
2058:Soyuz
2040:MS-29
2036:2026
2030:MS-28
2025:MS-27
2021:2025
2006:MS-26
2001:MS-25
1981:MS-24
1972:MS-23
1963:MS-22
1958:MS-21
1953:MS-20
1948:MS-19
1943:MS-18
1938:MS-17
1933:MS-16
1928:MS-15
1919:MS-14
1914:MS-13
1909:MS-12
1904:MS-11
1898:MS-10
1893:MS-09
1888:MS-08
1883:MS-07
1878:MS-06
1873:MS-05
1868:MS-04
1863:MS-03
1858:MS-02
1655:TMA-9
1650:TMA-8
1645:TMA-7
1640:TMA-6
1635:TMA-5
1630:TMA-4
1625:TMA-3
1620:TMA-2
1596:TM-34
1591:TM-33
1586:TM-32
1581:TM-31
1576:TM-30
1571:TM-29
1566:TM-28
1561:TM-27
1556:TM-26
1551:TM-25
1546:TM-24
1541:TM-23
1536:TM-22
1531:TM-21
1526:TM-20
1521:TM-19
1516:TM-18
1511:TM-17
1506:TM-16
1501:TM-15
1496:TM-14
1491:TM-13
1486:TM-12
1481:TM-11
1476:TM-10
1377:T-10a
919:1969A
903:1968B
897:1968A
886:1967B
467:(PDF)
229:Zarya
86:, or
4027:Lite
3976:MLAS
3835:CNSA
2444:SA-5
2439:SA-4
2434:SA-3
2429:SA-2
1471:TM-9
1466:TM-8
1461:TM-7
1456:TM-6
1451:TM-5
1446:TM-4
1441:TM-3
1436:TM-2
1408:T-15
1403:T-14
1398:T-13
1393:T-12
1388:T-11
1383:T-10
1322:1074
1006:No.2
597:2019
574:2019
538:2019
503:2021
478:2021
471:NASA
194:The
160:and
125:and
2477:QTV
1372:T-9
1366:T-8
1361:T-7
1356:T-6
1351:T-5
1346:T-4
1341:T-3
1336:T-2
1296:869
1290:772
1243:672
1098:18a
1057:573
931:M 2
874:154
800:238
795:213
790:212
785:188
111:or
96:(LH
27:or
4239::
3780:5B
3770:2F
3637:19
3630:18
3624:17
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3614:15
3609:14
3604:13
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1266:22
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1093:17
1087:15
1032:11
955:10
762:†
565:.
486:^
469:.
455:^
162:16
82:,
67:.
43:.
19:A
4093:B
4088:A
3941:e
3934:t
3927:v
3775:7
3729:3
3723:2
3696:8
3689:7
3683:6
3678:5
3673:4
3668:3
3663:2
3584:9
3579:7
3574:6
3553:8
3548:4
3543:3
3538:2
3474:e
3467:t
3460:v
3000:e
2993:t
2986:v
2922:4
2917:3
2912:2
2164:B
2159:A
2097:e
2090:t
2083:v
1900:†
1379:†
1368:†
1318:†
1298:†
1292:†
1261:)
1257:(
1181:†
1136:†
1125:†
1100:†
1089:†
1034:†
1028:†
1008:†
1002:†
977:†
948:9
942:8
933:†
927:†
921:†
914:6
909:5
905:†
899:†
888:†
882:†
876:†
862:)
858:(
844:9
839:8
834:7
829:6
824:5
819:4
814:3
776:†
756:†
640:e
633:t
626:v
610:.
599:.
576:.
551:.
540:.
516:.
505:.
480:.
98:2
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