157:, published in Great Britain in 1776, distinguished between the outputs of what he termed "productive" and "unproductive" labor. The former, he stated, produced goods that could be stored after production and subsequently exchanged for money or other items of value. The latter, however useful or necessary, created services that perished at the time of production and therefore did not contribute to wealth. Building on this theme, French economist Jean-Baptiste Say argued that production and consumption were inseparable in services, coining the term "immaterial products" to describe them.
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There has been a long academic debate on what makes services different from goods. The historical perspective in the late-eighteen and early-nineteenth centuries focused on creation and possession of wealth. Classical economists contended that goods were objects of value over which ownership rights
176:), but also provides services in the form of ambience, the setting and clearing of the table, etc. And although some utilities actually deliver physical goods — like water utilities which actually deliver water — utilities are usually treated as services.
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could be established and exchanged. Ownership implied tangible possession of an object that had been acquired through purchase, barter or gift from the producer or previous owner and was legally identifiable as the property of the current owner.
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Any service can be clearly and completely, consistently and concisely specified by means of the following 12 standard attributes which conform to the
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commissioned according to the needs of his/her service consumers by the service customer from the accountable service provider,
405:"Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005),"
187:: the measured appropriateness of assistance and support provided to a customer. This particular usage occurs frequently in
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delivered from the accountable service provider, mostly in close co-action with his internal and external service suppliers,
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Moderating
Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage - Positional Advantage Relationship
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Anders
Gustofsson and Michael D. Johnson, Competing in a Service Economy (San Francisco: Josey-Bass, 2003), p.7.
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effectuated by distinct functions of technical systems and by distinct activities of individuals, respectively,
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in order to deliver value to their customers and to act in the roles of service provider and service consumer.
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Most modern business theorists see a continuum with pure service on one terminal point and pure
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Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 83–110.
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A service is a set of one-time consumable and perishable benefits that are:
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for executing his/her upcoming business activity or private activity.
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Service
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rendered individually to a consumer at his/her dedicated trigger,
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Economic services that are recognised in practice are listed in
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and, finally, consumed and utilized by the triggering service
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Service
Operations Management – Improving Service Delivery
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Valerie
Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990):
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Sheelagh Matear, Brendan Gray, Tony
Garrett, Ken Deans:
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Valerie
Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990)
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179:In a narrower sense, service refers to
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122:Service specification
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151:Adam Smith
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31:Definition
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324:SERVQUAL
207:See also
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