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through the area. For example, both Milton
Zentero a young university student and 22-year-old Joel Colque were shot as they returned home from school and work respectively. 21-year-old Jose Tenorio Mamani was shot and killed as he was helping the injured. Similarly, Antonio Ronald Quispe Ticona was killed as he tried to shield civilians from bullets shot from the helicopter. He left his home around 1:30pm, and while watching the footage on television, his Uncle identified him as a victim around 4:30pm. Joel Colque was shot around 10:00am suggesting that the shootings began minimally one hour after the tear gassing began. Another victim, Clemente Eloy Mamani Santander was shot between 10 and 10:30 am. Pedro Quisbert Mamani, 37, was shot and killed between 3 and 3:30pm, as was Rudy Cristian Vazquez Condori, 23, who left his house around this time. Many of the victims families reported that they were not participating in the protests but were simply passing through. However, according to the GIEI, due to the widespread persecution, some families could be afraid of identifying their family members as protesters.
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those outside the plant, attempting to break the blockade. Based on Army and Air Force reports, at 11:44am the commander of the CEO Andino received a verbal command to mobilize an Anti-Riot company to aid in "reclaiming" the Plant. Then at 12:10pm about 110 troops from the
Mecanizada division left their barracks under the orders of Franko Orlando Suárez González. These troops arrived at the plant around 1:40pm. Navy reports detail a different timeline. According to these reports the Ingavi troops arrived at the plant around 11:40am and left around 12:30am without any incidence. Despite discrepancies between the reports, based on both video evidence and confirmed by the GIEI reports, the trucks left the plant between 10:50am and 11:40am without issue. Demonstrators did not prevent them from leaving. Though the trucks left without incident, security forces continued repressive measures. The GIEI report called the militarized actions "violent persecution" against demonstrators and civilians in the surrounding area that resulted in extrajudicial executions.
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that the military did not shoot a weapon. At the same time officials noted that the military did not fire a weapon, they simultaneously argued that the military had to intervene because the protesters were going to explode the plant, committing a terrorist attack. However, a thorough investigation conducted by the GIEI indicates that both of these claims were false. When protesters blew out a piece of the plant wall, sensitive structures of the plant were not targeted. In addition, upon further ballistic analysis and investigation by the
Bolivian legislature, they found clear evidence that police and armed forces did fire weapons. Ballistics reports indicate that the munitions fired were lethal projectiles of 5.5-millimeter caliber, 7.62-militmeter caliber, and 22-caliber weapons assigned to the Armed Forces and police. In addition, most victims were shot in the neck, back, or side indicating that most were shot as they fled. Further investigative reports found that security forces acted with a disproportionate use of force and provoked a massacre.
303:, communities throughout El Alto had been organizing non-violent blockades. Groups involved in the protests included the CSUTCB (Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia), the National Confederation of Indigenous Rural Women from Bolivia - Bartolina Sisa, and the Túpac Katari Rural Workers Federation. Historically the Senkata gas plant which belongs to Yacimientos Petrolífos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB), has been a central site for protests due to its strategic location. The plant provides gas to La Paz, as such, blocking the plant prevents trucks from passing through from the La Paz to Alto area. On 14 November protesters began building blockades that limited both the ability of trucks to leave and the ability of some food and fuel to enter. They also dug trenches in front of the main doors to the plant to prevent trucks from entering. The same day, the interim government ratified Decree 4078 which granted impunity to the armed forces from any violent acts used to “maintain public order”.
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the RCM-4/Ingavi division left their station to head to the plant. Between 10 and 10:15am police and armed forces at the plant unlocked the main entrance to prepare for the gas trucks to leave. Shortly after, the security convoy that would be escorting the gas trucks arrived. After shooting tear gas, at around 10:00am state forces then began to shoot live rounds at demonstrators including those fleeing the demonstrations and those helping the injured. Investigative
Reports note that when the firing first began, security forces made no attempts to negotiate or warn surrounding individuals. Demonstrators and civilians, including women with children attempted to flee. Those living around the plant who were not part of the protests fled their homes as the gas entered. Witnesses reported seeing dozens of people suffocating on the gas and overall panic. Protesters decided to lift the blockade around 10:30am to let the trucks through. However, repression continued.
497:, Defense Minister Fernando López, and Hydrocarbons Minister Víctor Hugo Zamora—were indicted in October 2021. Departmental police commander William Cordero was indicted in January 2022 for ordering the deployment of 509 troops to Senkata. A formal indictment against Áñez, seventeen former ministers, and several military and police chiefs was brought by the Prosecutor's Office to the Fourth Criminal Sentencing Court of El Alto on 23 October 2023. The judges unanimously declined to hear the case against Áñez, arguing that they lacked jurisdiction. Since the state apparatus had generally regarded Áñez as the constitutional president during her time in office, only a trial of responsibilities in the legislature could apply. The court further noted that to ignore the constitutionality of Áñez's mandate "would be to question the legality of authorities", whose elections "emanate from the norms promulgated by Jeanine Áñez".
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Bolivia for three weeks in
October and November 2019 and two months in December 2019 and January 2020. The team interviewed over 220 individuals including victims and their relatives, activists, human rights defenders, lawyers, medical providers, governmental officials, and police and military officers. The team also conducted five months of documentation review including audio-visual evidence and other reports. The results of their research were released in a report focusing on events that occurred in Senkata and Sacaba, other forms of state violence and persecution against human rights defenders and activists, and obstacles to a thorough investigative process. The report also included recommendations to the Bolivian state for the protection of human rights, investigations and accountability processes for the Sacaba and Senkata massacres, and the protection of victims among others.
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314:, Brigadier General Franko Suárez who was responsible for security at Senkata stated that he did not have command over the escort, but rather the operation was directly under the Commander of the Armed Forces. Forces included at least 304 troops from the División Mecanizada 1, RCM-4 “Ingavi” 1207 and RAAM-6 “Mcal. Bilbao" 1208. The following morning, 19 November, the military operation began to escort gas from the plant. Based on information collected from the GIEI report from Army and Air Force reports, at 6:00am administrative personnel and their drivers began arriving to the plant. According to a report submitted the
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events of 19 November. Throughout the investigation they collected and reviewed witness testimony, audio-visual documentation, legal documents, reports from other organizations, public statements by
Bolivian authorities, and other information publicly available. They submitted their findings to the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. In response to the investigative reports the UN received by these and other organizations, they issued a statement condemning the massacre and calling on the Bolivian government to investigate the human rights violations carried out.
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decree included a variety of measures, including a payment of 100,000 bolivianos of "humanitarian aid" for those who had been killed. In addition the
Servicio de Desarrollo de las Empresas Públicas Productivas (Sedem) was granted a period of 12 months to transfer 500 bolivianos to all who were killed or injured. As of April 2021, of 209 people who had identification numbers and were identified either as victims or relatives of those killed in the Senkata massacre and La Paz violence, only 43 people had picked up their support packets.
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the Ingavi barracks in El Alto on the day of the massacre and ordered the deployment of troops prior to the massacre. A military escort had accompanied a shipment of gas from the
Senkata plant and arrived at the barracks. According to the seven cited witnesses, Valverde Ferrufino ordered six armored military vehicles with nine or ten soldiers each to return to Senkata. Valverde Ferrufino denies that he had the authority to give any military order.
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the violence. "Let's unite to reconcile, to build the
Bolivia for which we are all fighting and so that one Bolivian is never above the other", Áñez said. On 22 November, the pro-Morales movement entered roundtable talks with the Áñez government, mediated by the Catholic Church and foreign diplomats. Áñez agreed to hold new elections in which Evo Morales would not be a candidate. In return, the movements demobilized protests.
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called it an attempt to "silence the complaints of the victims' families". After the IACHR's preliminary report and ongoing talks, the proposed agreement was changed to remove the clause that prevented international complaints, and the compensation offered was increased to 100,000 bolivianos (US$ 15,000) for families of those killed and from 12,500 to 50,000 bolivianos for those injured, the amount depending on severity.
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initial governmental narrative and illustrated how governmental forces used extreme force and committed extrajudicial executions in what the Inter-American
Commission on Human rights has called a massacre. In 2021 three Defense Ministers and five military officers were arrested and/or indicted on charges relating to the massacre. Following this, in 2022 Departmental police commander William Cordero was indicted.
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429:(GIEI) to conduct an investigation into the events that occurred during the 2019 political crisis. The report identified an unnecessary use of force during the Senkata massacre and included 26 recommendations to the State of Bolivia concerning the need for future investigations, judicial processes, victim reparations, and institutional changes needed after the 2019 crisis.
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would disappear the bodies of those killed and wounded, some threw stones at the plant while other protesters knocked down the wall of the plant. This was met with increased violence from the security forces in an area that extended far beyond the initial blockade of the plant. The police returned some of the detained individuals to the police station later that night.
247:, who was running for a fourth term, and claimed that he was benefiting from electoral fraud. Following a police mutiny, the initial conclusions of an OAS audit of the election, and public urging by the commander of the Armed Forces, Morales resigned on 10 November 2019. Supporters, including Morales' coca grower base in the
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stability will be exempt from criminal liability when, in compliance with their constitutional functions, they acted in legitimate defense or state of necessity, in observance of the principles of legality, absolute necessity and proportionality." The decree was criticised by several human rights groups, including the
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in several main cities, Áñez and her cabinet signed a decree to enlist the police and army to pacify the country. This was issued as Supreme Decree 4078 on 15 December. Article 3 of the decree reads, "The personnel of the Armed Forces who participate in operations to restore internal order and public
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The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights denounced the Senkata events as a massacre in December 2019, and the Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts ratified that description in its 2021 report on human rights violations during the crisis. The massacre was also investigated and condemned
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Luis Fernando Valverde Ferrufino was formally indicted for the massacre in February 2021. At the time of the massacre, Valverde was director of the National Hydrocarbons Agency and retired from military service. According to the indictment, multiple military witnesses testified that Valverde was at
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On 7 December 2019, the government offered compensation of 50,000 bolivianos (US$ 7,500) to victims' families, with a clause that dictated that they must give up their right to file international judicial complaints on the matter. The families rejected the offer and human rights activist Ruth Llanos
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Victims reported varying responses at the hospitals at which they sought treatment. Some reported good care while others noted that some hospitals blatantly turned people away due to their presumed association with the MAS-ISP, or demanded payment up front, delaying treatment. Police also arrived at
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Security forces broke into people's homes to use their roofs to shoot at civilians. A military helicopter also shot tear gas, rubber bullets and live ammunition from above. Witnesses report that state forces were targeting people who were not participating in the blockades and those who just walking
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Following the events of 19 November, the government issued a series of conflicting reports about the day, both denying that militarized forces had shot their weapons and arguing that the military had to intervene to prevent a terrorist attack. Investigative reports and witness testimony debunked the
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During the morning of 19 November, security forces escorted trucks containing natural gas canisters out of the plant. Before noon, they began clashing with protesters who dismantled the wall and attempted to get inside. The security forces used live ammunition on demonstrators in the vicinity of the
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Based on their preliminary findings the IACHR recommended the creation of an international and independent mechanism of investigation that could fully elaborate the truth and identify those responsible for human rights violations between September 1 and December 31, 2019. On December 10, 2019 the
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The violence took place over about 8 hours, from 10 am to 6pm. Witnesses report incidents of shooting at three different intervals between 10:30am and 11:30am, 2:00 and 3:30pm, and 4:30 and 5:00pm. At least eleven people were killed and the number of wounded were variously reported as 72 or 80. The
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The trucks proceeded to leave the plant, escorted by police and military troops, at around 10:50am. Military reports note that protests began at 11:15am. However, testimonies collected from witnesses and attendees note that between 9 and 11 am, without warning, state forces began firing tear gas at
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on extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions, at around 8am a military escort arrived to help move 45 gas-filled tanker trucks and trucks filled with gas canisters from the plant. Protesters, local residents, shop owners and shoppers were all present. At 9:15am military and police forces from
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Residents of El Alto opposed to the new government began protest blockades across the city, including at the Senkata plant on 11 November 2019. By 14 November, YPFB reported that it was unable to send gas canisters out of the facility and this was leading to shortages in the municipality of La Paz.
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In March 2020 a Bolivian legislative commission began to conduct an investigation into all deaths that occurred after the 2019 electoral crisis. Led by Deputy Victor Borda, the investigation was conducted over seven months and included collecting about 150 statements, ballistics reports, documents
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The Sacaba and Senkata massacres prompted the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to conduct a fact-finding mission to Bolivia 22 to 26 November 2019. On 23 November, pro-Áñez protesters surrounded the La Paz hotel where the IACHR delegation met to receive testimonies from victims of abuses.
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On 21 November, President Áñez said, "We deeply regret the deaths of our brothers in El Alto. It hurts us because we are a government of peace", and called for dialogue with the protesters. In addition, she asked international organizations and the church to accompany this process in order to stop
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During what the Inter-American Commission on Human rights has since called a massacre, security forces also forcibly arrested civilians and dragged them into the plant. They also dragged at least one wounded or dead person into the plant after the initial tear gassing. Fearing that security forces
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A group of staff and students from the International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School and University Network for Human Rights (IHRC) conducted a fact-finding mission on the violence that occurred under President Áñez beginning on 12 November. IHRC staff and students conducted research in
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The government denied responsibility for the attack arguing that civilians were responsible for the violence. On 19 November, the Defense Minister, Fernando López said that the military intervention was peaceful but protesters were violent. He said that they "were proven to be paid and drunk" and
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On 10 March 2020, the government ratified Supreme Decree 4176 which aimed to "strengthen the culture of social peace, through granting humanitarian social aid to the wounded and relatives of the deceased, as a result of the conflicts in the country between October 21 and November 24, 2019 ”. The
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In addition, five non-governmental organizations, the Andean Information Network (AIN), Association for Human Rights, the Center for Legal and Social Studies (CELS), the Europe-Third World Center (CETIM), and the University Network for Human Rights (UNHR), conducted a joint investigation on the
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As the blockade continued, it began to cause gas shortages and frustration mounted. The interim government said that they would negotiate with the protesters, and protesters demanded that armed forces leave as a condition under which they would end the blockade. On 18 November, there was a town
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The 19 November police and military intervention marked the end of disruptions to the supply of natural gas in La Paz and El Alto, but not of protests against the Áñez government. Talks between pro-Morales movements and the Áñez government led to a promise of new elections and demobilization of
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On 14 December 2019 at a graduation ceremony at the special forces training base at Sanandita, Defense Minister Luis Fernando López praised Fuerza 10 as "the heroes of Senkata," highlighting their mission "to organize, to plan, to train , and to execute direct action and special operations to
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plant, as well in surrounding neighborhoods throughout the afternoon. Eleven people, all of them civilians and including some bystanders, were shot dead or fatally wounded during the day's events. The Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts, appointed by the
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In the immediate aftermath, seven people were arrested on charges of terrorism and sedition, specifically on destruction of part of the Senkata refinery wall, which the defence minister warned could have ended in a tragedy if gas tanks and other fuels exploded.
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The 19 November police and military intervention marked the end of disruptions to the supply of natural gas in La Paz and El Alto. However, by the following day, anti-Áñez blockades were mounted at 102 points in all nine of Bolivia's departments.
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The delegation reconvened at the San Francisco de Asis chapel in El Alto and received testimonies from survivors. On 10 December 2019, the Commission released "preliminary observations" describing the events at Sacaba and Senkata as massacres.
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The Heroes of Senkata Plaza was built in El Alto's District 8 under the leadership of Mayor Eva Copa and inaugurated in November 2021. It includes a monument to the victims, green spaces, and mural depicting Andean Indigenous cosmology.
686:"CIDH presenta sus observaciones preliminares tras su visita a Bolivia, y urge una investigación internacional para las graves violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas en el marco del proceso electoral desde octubre de 2019"
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the hospital and took some injured away. Similarly, multiple reports including the GIEI and a submission to the UN special rapporteur report noted that some people did not seek medical treatment for fear of repercussions.
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In January 2021, the government adopted another act intended to support victims and relatives of the deceased. This act included provisions to place individuals in governmental jobs and with corresponding training.
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from the Institute of Forensic Investigations, and visits to the sites of violence. The report found that deaths in the Senkata massacre were the result of official military and police weapons.
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Eight people died yesterday, Tuesday when groups supporting Movement towards Socialism (MAS) protested at the site and blew up the wall of the plant with dynamite
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and the UN Human Rights Commission, who all called for its immediate revocation. Amnesty International described it as "carte blanche" for human rights abuses.
203:, an Indigenous flag designated a Bolivian national symbol by the 2009 Constitution. By 14 November, protesters had built barricades as part of their blockade.
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781:. Andean Information Network, Association for Human Rights, Center for Legal and Social Studies, Europe-Third World Center, University Network for Human Rights
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1049:
979:"Gobierno destaca formación y alto rendimiento en Fuerzas Especiales de la Escuela de Cóndores | Ministerio de Defensa del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia"
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Informe Final sobre los hechos de violencia y vulneración de los derechos humanos ocurridos entre el 1 de septiembre y el 31 de diciembre de 2019
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878:"Bolivia: they accuse seven followers of Evo Morales of terrorism and sedition in relation to incidents in El Alto that left eight dead"
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On 18 November the government deployed a caravan of military vehicles and soldiers inside the Senkata plant. When interviewed by the
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1211:"Tribunal de El Alto se declara incompetente para juzgar a Jeanine Áñez, recuerda que le corresponde juicio de responsabilidades"
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General Luis Fernando Valverde Ferrufino, former director of the National Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH) and a former general
1271:[Report on acts of violence and violation of human rights occurring between September 1 and December 31, 2019]
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Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts meets with association of survivors and victims of the Senkata massacre.
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1008:"Represión en Bolivia: "Como animales, como perdices nos cazan"; La CIDH investiga la masacre de Senkata en El Alto"
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627:"Bolivia: los manifestantes levantaron los bloqueos en La Paz y El Alto en apoyo al diálogo con el Gobierno de Áñez"
1185:"Caso Senkata: Exjefe departamental de la Policía está imputado por desplegar efectivos con arma reglamentaria"
600:"Caso Senkata: Exjefe departamental de la Policía está imputado por desplegar efectivos con arma reglamentaria"
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meeting of El Alto neighborhood councils. At the meeting they voted to continue and intensify the blockades.
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Report on acts of violence and violation of human rights occurring between September 1 and December 31, 2019
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Five former military officers were arrested in July 2021 for their alleged responsibility for the massacre:
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Bolivian government and the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights (IACHR) authorized an international
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191:. Rural and urban protesters had blockaded the plant shortly after the ouster of Bolivian president
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195:. Their protests were part of nationwide blockades by his supporters denouncing the ouster as a
1135:"Caso Senkata: Imputación revela los testimonios que implican al general Valverde; éste refuta"
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211:, estimates that eighty people were wounded that day among bullets of 22 caliber and dynamite.
1050:"Bolivia: Families of victims of Senkata reject the compensation from the de facto government"
1032:"Bolivia: Human Rights Organizations Publish Report to UN on the Sacaba and Senkata Massacres"
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Colonel Julio Tamayo Rivera, subchief of operations of the Chief Command of the Armed Forces
1081:"Aprehensión y detención de militares por sucesos de 2019 se extiende a tres departamentos"
574:"Aprehensión y detención de militares por sucesos de 2019 se extiende a tres departamentos"
1239:"El Alto inaugura plaza con un monumento en honor a las víctimas de la masacre de Senkata"
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776:"Submission to the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions"
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General Franko Suárez Gonzales, commander of the first mechanized division of the Army
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940:"Comisión legislativa: Las muertes en Sacaba y Senkata fueron por armas oficiales"
1160:"Murillo, López, Zamora y Orellana son imputados formalmente por el caso Senkata"
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199:, and urban protests in El Alto against the new government's desecration of the
954:"Lopez advierte a extranjeros con ideas de terrorismo: no den un paso en falso"
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897:"The Senkata Massacre: Considerations on how the state legitimizes repression"
718:"They Shot Us Like Animals": Black November & Bolivia's Interim Government
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In response to ongoing persecution against Indigenous peoples, including the
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General Pablo Guerra Camacho, head of the joint command of the Armed Forces
183:, on 19 November 2019. It occurred one week into the interim presidency of
747:"Alarm in Bolivia for impunity for the military who repress the protests"
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Chuquimia, Marco Antonia; Tedesqui Vargas, Luis Marcelo (2021-07-26).
723:(Report). International Human Rights Clinic. Harvard Law School. 2020
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Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes (2021-07-23).
853:"Hay 102 puntos de bloqueo en el país y 7 regiones sin alimentos"
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Police Commander Rodolfo Montero was detained in September 2021.
259:. Jeanine Áñez was sworn in as interim president on 12 November.
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524:— 2003 protests with blockades and deaths at the Senkata plant
243:. Opposition protesters denounced the candidacy of President
830:. The Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts (GIEI)
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General Iván Inchauste Rioja, General Commander of the Army
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Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (2019-12-10).
1105:"Excomandante Montero es aprehendido por el caso Senkata"
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255:, immediately began protests denouncing his ouster as a
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658:"Acuerdan nuevos comicios en Bolivia sin Evo Morales"
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broke up a road blockade at the YPFB gas facility in
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Harvard Law School International Human Rights Clinic
801:""Black November and Bolivia's Interim Government""
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462:Judicial investigations, arrests, and indictments
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427:Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts
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227:and the University Network for Human Rights.
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277:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
209:Inter-American Commission of Human Rights
1209:Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (30 October 2023).
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745:Francesco Manetto (17 November 2019).
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906:– via Carwil without Borders.
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493:Several ministers—Interior Minister
16:2019 Bolivian massacre of protesters
806:. International Human Rights Clinic
341:Clemente Eloy Mamani Santander (23)
241:20 October 2019, national elections
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1056:(in Spanish). 7 December 2019.
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29:2019 Bolivian political crisis
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350:Juan José Tenorio Mamani (23)
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1006:Dillon, Marta (2019-11-25).
656:Flores, Paola (2019-11-22).
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408:Human rights investigations
359:Edwin Jamachi Paniagua (38)
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347:Pedro Quisbert Mamani (37)
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859:. Cochabamba. 2019-11-20
403:Accountability processes
187:and four days after the
148:Bolivian National Police
1275:(Report) (in Spanish).
335:Deyvid Posto Cusi (34).
152:Armed Forces of Bolivia
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344:Joel Colque Patty (22)
301:new interim government
522:Bolivian gas conflict
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281:Amnesty International
253:Cochabamba department
235:Bolivia entered into
89:; 4 years ago
87:19 November 2019
1300:Massacres in Bolivia
518:on November 15, 2019
983:Ministro de Defensa
912:, November 21, 2019
268:continuing protests
1067:GIEI report (2021)
924:GIEI report (2021)
840:GIEI report (2021)
561:GIEI report (2021)
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316:Special Rapporteur
285:Human Rights Watch
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528:Juliaca massacre
365:Emilio Fernández
331:killed include:
161:Senkata massacre
97:
95:
90:
54:Senkata, El Alto
50:
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43:
22:Senkata massacre
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1305:2019 in Bolivia
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1054:tiempoar.com.ar
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516:Sacaba massacre
512:
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380:
297:Sacaba massacre
293:
270:, violence and
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189:Sacaba massacre
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580:. 27 July 2021
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1038:. 5 May 2021.
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1287:
1277:. Retrieved
1247:. Retrieved
1245:. 2021-11-26
1242:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1219:(in Spanish)
1214:
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1191:. 2022-01-06
1188:
1179:
1168:. Retrieved
1166:. 2021-10-01
1164:Página Siete
1163:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1141:. 2021-02-10
1138:
1113:. Retrieved
1111:. 2021-09-07
1109:Página Siete
1108:
1099:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1074:
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1044:
1035:
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1015:. Retrieved
1011:
987:. Retrieved
985:. 2019-12-14
982:
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962:. Retrieved
960:. 2019-12-14
957:
948:
919:
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900:. Retrieved
890:
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861:. Retrieved
856:
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835:
808:. Retrieved
795:
783:. Retrieved
750:
725:. Retrieved
692:. Retrieved
665:. Retrieved
661:
635:. Retrieved
633:. 2019-11-23
630:
607:. Retrieved
603:
594:
582:. Retrieved
577:
568:
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492:
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445:Compensation
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329:
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309:
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294:
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234:
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185:Jeanine Áñez
160:
158:
144:Perpetrators
27:Part of the
785:13 December
245:Evo Morales
197:coup d'état
193:Evo Morales
111:Attack type
1294:Categories
1279:17 January
1249:2022-01-08
1223:30 October
1195:2022-01-08
1170:2022-01-08
1145:2022-01-08
1115:2022-01-08
1090:2021-11-22
1017:2022-01-08
989:2022-01-08
964:2022-01-08
902:17 January
863:2022-01-09
810:17 January
727:17 January
694:2021-11-22
667:2022-01-09
637:2022-01-09
609:2022-01-08
584:17 January
535:References
299:, and the
251:region of
231:Background
219:protests.
105:Protesters
94:2019-11-19
1012:Página/12
378:Aftermath
272:shortages
159:The 2019
1216:El Deber
1085:El Deber
910:El Deber
578:El Deber
510:See also
123:Firearms
115:Massacre
66:Location
882:Infobae
857:Opinión
751:El Pais
662:AP News
631:infobae
530:in Peru
249:Chapare
223:by the
201:wiphala
181:Bolivia
177:El Alto
173:Senkata
136:Injured
120:Weapons
92: (
78:Bolivia
74:El Alto
70:Senkata
1261:Report
689:(Text)
291:Events
169:police
128:Deaths
102:Target
1273:(PDF)
1243:Erbol
1189:Erbol
1139:Erbol
958:Erbol
804:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
721:(PDF)
604:Erbol
1281:2022
1225:2023
904:2022
812:2022
787:2021
729:2022
586:2022
312:GIEI
167:and
84:Date
139:~80
1296::
1241:.
1213:.
1187:.
1162:.
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1124:^
1107:.
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96:)
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