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Whenever it is necessary to sedate a child, one must consider the type of procedure planned (painful or nonpainful), the duration of the procedure (important in choosing the appropriate sedative), the underlying medical condition of the patient (proper fasting, contracted blood volume, interaction
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In addition to the aforementioned precautions, patients should be interviewed to determine if they have any other condition that may lead to complications while undergoing treatment. Any head, neck, or spinal cord injuries should be noted as well as any diagnosis of
274:. To avoid sedation risks, care providers conduct a thorough pre-sedation evaluation and this process includes pre-sedation history and physicals with emphasis on the determining characteristics that indicate potential risks to the patient and potential difficult
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A child undergoing a procedure that is nonpainful (e.g., CT scan or small laceration infiltrated with local anesthetic) does not require a narcotic. Conversely, a child undergoing a painful procedure may require an opioid.
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situations in conjunction with a medical history in assessing the applicable degree of sedation in patients in order to avoid under-sedation (the patient risks experiencing pain or distress) and
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Examples of sedation scales include MSAT (Minnesota
Sedation Assessment Tool), UMSS (University of Michigan Sedation Scale), the Ramsay Scale (Ramsay, et al. 1974) and the RASS (
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Moderate sedation – purposeful response to verbal/tactile stimulation. (This is usually referred to as "conscious sedation")
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278:. This process can also reveal if the sedation period needs to be prolonged or additional therapeutic procedures are required.
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215:), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation. Inhalation sedation is also sometimes referred to as "relative analgesia".
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Sedation and
Monitoring in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, An Issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
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Sedation and
Monitoring in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, An Issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
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There are studies claiming that sedation accounts for 40 percent to 50 percent procedure-related complications.
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349:. This requires a needle to be put into a vein to deliver the medication; this is known as an IV cannula.
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796:"Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia"
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Brown, TB.; Lovato, LM.; Parker, D. (Jan 2005). "Procedural sedation in the acute care setting".
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The most common standard conscious sedation technique for adults is intravenous sedation using
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Pediatric
Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration
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Preexisting respiratory conditions as patients are susceptible to respiratory depression
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Deep sedation – purposeful response to repeated or painful stimulation.
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In the United
Kingdom, deep sedation is considered to be a part of the spectrum of
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Winter, Harland; Murphy, Stephen; Mougenot, Jean
Francois; Cadranel, Samy (2006).
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or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include
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with other medications, and intact mechanisms of drug elimination), the need for
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Some disorders involving its spasticity due to its muscle relaxant properties
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who are suitably trained to detect and manage these problems. Aside from the
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General anesthesia – unarousable even with painful stimulus.
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Medical conditions potentially aggravated by the stress of dental treatment
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Reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs
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Minimal sedation – normal response to verbal stimuli.
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and for reconstructive surgery, some cosmetic surgeries, removal of
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Sedation is typically used in minor surgical procedures such as
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are not uncommon during sedation and require the presence of
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697:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 554.
647:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 465.
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Special care (mild intellectual or physical disability)
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Conscious
Sedation: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners
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Muscle diseases or diseases which cause muscle wastage
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Difficult oral surgery or prolonged surgical procedure
203:, or for high-anxiety patients. Sedation methods in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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774:. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. p. 59.
491:Present drugs commonly used to sedate children:
234:. It can also be used during a long term brain
829:"Sedation for the Pediatric Patient: A Review"
670:Practical Guide to Moderate Sedation/analgesia
400:Allergy or hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
308:defines the continuum of sedation as follows:
672:. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. p. 84.
717:
388:Patients unable to provide a suitable escort
724:. London: Whurr Publishers. pp. 69].
619:"Sedation Dentistry for Anxious Patients"
479:Learn how and when to remove this message
218:Sedation is also used extensively in the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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668:Odom-Forren, Jan; Watson, Donna (2005).
362:Traumatic or prolonged dental procedures
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800:American Society of Anesthesiologists
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306:American Society of Anesthesiologists
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385:Psychologically immature individuals
329:, as opposed to conscious sedation.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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749:. New York: Springer. p. 166.
718:Skelly, Meg; Palmer, Diane (2006).
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833:Pediatric Clinics of North America
827:Coté, Charles J. (February 1994).
139:or agitation by administration of
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802:. 21 October 2009. Archived from
421:Lack of visible superficial veins
299:Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
143:drugs, generally to facilitate a
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406:History of psychiatric disorders
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426:Sedation for pediatric patients
222:so that patients who are being
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412:Acute pulmonary insufficiency
403:Pregnancy and breast feeding
286:Sedation scales are used in
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454:. The specific problem is:
409:Kidney or liver dysfunction
356:Reduced dental anxiety and
10:
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18:
418:Alcohol or drug addiction
365:Patients with gag reflex
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19:Not to be confused with
238:to help patient relax.
264:respiratory depression
745:Mason, Keira (2011).
382:Uncooperative patient
693:Vargo, John (2016).
643:Vargo, John (2016).
461:improve this section
456:Grammar, formatting.
450:to meet Knowledge's
341:Intravenous sedation
260:health professionals
135:is the reduction of
54:improve this article
572:Twilight anesthesia
562:Procedural sedation
557:Palliative sedation
378:Contraindications:
226:tolerate having an
220:intensive care unit
209:inhalation sedation
327:general anesthesia
282:Levels of sedation
272:vasovagal reflexes
248:Airway obstruction
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443:This section may
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627:. Retrieved
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493:Methohexital
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459:Please help
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444:
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335:osteoporosis
331:
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201:wisdom teeth
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183:Medical uses
137:irritability
132:
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52:Please help
47:verification
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463:if you can.
256:hypotension
870:Anesthesia
813:2010-11-29
781:1550092235
731:1861562667
679:0323020240
629:2014-09-11
578:References
537:anxiolysis
525:Meperidine
497:Thiopental
268:somnolence
224:ventilated
149:isoflurane
80:newspapers
69:"Sedation"
509:Midazolam
347:Midazolam
230:in their
205:dentistry
197:dentistry
193:vasectomy
189:endoscopy
177:midazolam
173:lorazepam
161:etomidate
25:seduction
864:Category
605:15663030
551:See also
541:narcosis
529:Fentanyl
521:Morphine
513:Ketamine
505:Diazepam
445:require
207:include
165:ketamine
157:propofol
141:sedative
133:Sedation
21:sedition
517:Opioids
447:cleanup
288:medical
232:trachea
211:(using
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