339:
937:
577:
917:
43:
118:
1206:
347:
867:
1308:
1269:
1131:
381:
362:
160:
225:
790:
1445:
1110:(“set apart”). A special type of royal, these individuals were forbidden to walk on the ground or be exposed to the general populace. When they needed to go anywhere, they were veiled and carried in a hammock or a basket-like litter similar to bird's nests carried by their slaves. Longer journeys required that they be borne inside larger, covered palanquins with silk covers, with some taking the form of a miniature hut.
563:
1348:
72:
31:
730:
527:: "mail") system averaged about 10 miles (16 km), and could be covered in three hours. A relay's usual complement consisted of two torch-bearers, two luggage-porters, and eight palanquin-bearers who worked in gangs of four, although all eight might pitch in at steep sections. A passenger could travel straight through or break their journey at
928:("พระวอ" Phra Wo, literally, "Royal Sedan") for large ceremonies. Wos were elaborately decorated litters that were delicately carved and colored by gold leaf. Stained glass is also used to decorate the litters. Presently, Royal Wos and carriages are only used for royal ceremonies in Thailand. They are exhibited in the Bangkok National Museum.
1192:
tropical climate, horses were not native to the area nor could they survive very long once introduced by the
Portuguese. Human portage was the only mode of transportation in the region and became highly adept with missionary accounts claiming the litter transporters could move at speeds 'as fast as post horses at the gallop'.
1474:. The occupant sat in the chair, which was then affixed to the back of a single porter, with the tumpline supported by his head. The occupant thus faced backwards during travel. This style of palanquin was probably due to the steep terrain and rough or narrow roads unsuitable to European-style sedan chairs. Travellers by
428:. Larger palanquins are rectangular wooden boxes eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, with openings on either side screened by curtains or shutters. Interiors are furnished with bedding and pillows. Ornamentation reflects the social status of the traveller. The most ornate palanquins have
2127:
Of the fifty-five delegates, Franklin is by far the oldest at eighty-one. His health is not good. On the day the convention opened he was too sick to come. Later he was carried from his home to the meetings in a sedan chair – like a carriage without wheels, held aloft by four men. The bumpy ride of a
534:
Until the mid-19th century, palanquins remained popular for those who could afford them, but they fell out of favor for long journeys as steamers, railways, and roads suitable for wheeled transport were developed. By the beginning of the 20th century they were nearly "obsolete among the better class
692:
Sedan chairs were once the only public conveyance in Hong Kong, filling the role of cabs. Chair stands were found at all hotels, wharves, and major crossroads. Public chairs were licensed, and charged according to tariffs which would be displayed inside. Private chairs were an important marker of a
1425:
In various colonies, litters of various types were maintained under native traditions, but often adopted by the colonials as a new ruling and/or socio-economic elite, either for practical reasons (often comfortable modern transport was unavailable, e.g. for lack of decent roads) and/or as a status
1327:
would be conveyed in a chair enclosed in baize curtains, especially if they had taken a heated bath and were going straight to bed to sweat. The curtains kept off a possibly fatal draft. These were not the proper sedan chairs "to carry the better sort of people in visits, or if sick or infirmed"
1191:
as a mode of transportation for the elites. Seat-style litters with a single pole along the back of the chair carried by two men (usually slaves) were topped with an umbrella. Lounge-style litters in the shape of a bed were used to move one to two people with a porter at each corner. Due to the
438:
describes them as being "carried by eight men in two lots of four, who rest and carry in turn. In the town there are always a number of these men standing in the bazaars and at the sultan's gate and at the gates of other persons for hire." Those for "women are covered with silk curtains."
804:
As the population of Japan increased and less and less land remained available for the grazing of animals, restrictions were placed upon the use of horses for non-military purposes, with the result that human-powered transport grew increasingly important and eventually came to prevail.
1379:
Chairmen moved at a good clip. In Bath they had the right-of-way: pedestrians hearing "By your leave" behind them knew to flatten themselves against walls or railings as the chairmen hustled through. There were often disastrous accidents, upset chairs, and broken glass-paned windows.
133:
attached along its length to poles or stretched inside a frame. The poles or frame are carried by porters in front and behind. Such simple litters are common on battlefields and emergency situations, where terrain prohibits wheeled vehicles from carrying away the dead and wounded.
1397:, the decline of the sedan chair is illustrated by licensing records which show twenty-seven sedan chairs in 1800, eighteen in 1817, and ten in 1828. During that same period the number of registered hackney carriages in Glasgow rose to one hundred and fifty.
1284:(reigned 1509–1547) was carried around in a sedan chair—it took four strong chairmen to carry him towards the end of his life—but the expression "sedan chair" did not appear in print until 1615. Trevor Fawcett notes (see link) that British travellers
1174:
which have become very popular among the Ga in the last 50 years. Since these figurative coffins were shown 1989 in the exhibition "Les magicians de la terre" in the Centre
Pompidou in Paris they were shown in many art museums around the world.
503:. Concerned that this indulgence led to neglect of business in favor of "rambling", in 1758 the Court of Directors of the company prohibited its junior clerks from purchasing and maintaining palanquins. Also in the time of the British in India,
1359:
By the mid-17th century, sedans for hire had become a common mode of transportation. London had "chairs" available for hire in 1634, each assigned a number and the chairmen licensed because the operation was a monopoly of a courtier of King
1032:
today, the tradition of using palanquins for auspicious statues, weapons or heirlooms continues, for funerals especially; in more elaborate rituals, a palanquin is used to bear the body, and is subsequently cremated along with the departed.
1027:
palanquin was oval-shaped and draped in white cloth; this was reflective of greater cultural permeation by Islam. Occasionally, a weapon or heirloom, such as an important keris or tombak, was given its own palanquin. In Hindu culture in
483:
are very little observers of their own Laws, they began at first to be tolerated upon occasion of the Rain, and for favours, or presents, and afterwards became so common that they are us'd almost by everybody throughout the whole
510:
In the early 19th century, the most prevalent mode of long-distance transport for the affluent was by palanquin. The post office could arrange, with a few days notice, relays of bearers to convey a traveller's palanquin between
220:
still have the link extinguishers on the exteriors, shaped like outsized candle snuffers. In the 1970s, entrepreneur and
Bathwick resident, John Cuningham, revived the sedan chair service business for a brief amount of time.
1388:
In Great
Britain, in the early 19th century, the public sedan chair began to fall out of use, perhaps because streets were better paved or perhaps because of the rise of the more comfortable, companionable and affordable
97:, for the transport of people. Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the elements. Larger litters, for example those of the
1332:). In the 17th and 18th centuries, the chairs stood in the main hall of a well-appointed city residence, where a lady could enter and be carried to her destination without setting foot in a filthy street. The
395:
is a covered litter, usually for one passenger. It is carried by an even number of bearers (between two and eight, but most commonly four) on their shoulders, by means of a pole projecting fore and aft.
193:
suitable for a single occupant, also carried by at least two porters, one in front and one behind, using wooden rails that pass through brackets on the sides of the chair. These porters were known in
550:, and they may be used to carry religious images in Hindu processions. Many parts in Uttar Pradesh, India like Gorakhpur and around places Vishwakarma communities has been involved in making the
308:
in 675 AD saw the need to order that bishops, when carrying the relics of martyrs in procession, must walk to the church, and not be carried in a chair, or litter, by deacons clothed in white.
960:
was a wicker chair with a canopy, attached to two poles, and borne on men's shoulders, and was available for hire to any paying customer. As a status marker, gilded throne-like palanquins, or
141:. Such litters, consisting of a simple cane chair with maybe an umbrella to ward off the elements and two stout bamboo poles, may still be found in Chinese mountain resorts such as the
964:, were originally reserved solely for royalty, and later co-opted by the Dutch, as a status marker: the more elaborate the palanquin, the higher the status of the owner. The
769:, each assigned to different government official rankings. Because of the difficulties posed by the mountainous terrain of the Korean peninsula and the lack of paved roads,
212:
who carried torches. Where possible, the link boys escorted the fares to the chairmen, the passengers then being delivered to the door of their lodgings. Several houses in
422:
Palanquins vary in size and grandeur. The smallest and simplest, a cot or frame suspended by the four corners from a bamboo pole and borne by two bearers, is called a
1376:
Commission's rules. A trip within a city cost six pence and a day's rental was four shillings. A sedan was even used as an ambulance in
Scotland's Royal Infirmary.
831:
period when regional samurai were required to spend a part of the year in Edo (Tokyo) with their families, resulting in yearly migrations of the rich and powerful (
338:
152:, for the passenger or passengers to lie on. These are carried by at least two porters in equal numbers in front and behind, using wooden rails that pass through
1936:
2021:
Missionary
Journals and Letters: Written During Eleven Years' Residence and Travels Amongst the Chinese, Siamese, Javanese, Khassias, and Other Eastern Nations
101:, may resemble small rooms upon a platform borne upon the shoulders of a dozen or more people. To most efficiently carry a litter, porters either place the
519:
301:
or "sella" often carried members of the imperial family, as well as other dignitaries and other members of the rich elite, when not mounted on horseback.
459:). Indian women of rank always travelled by palanquin. The conveyance proved popular with European residents in India, and was used extensively by them.
3161:
936:
2235:
1896:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1839:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1723:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1364:. Sedan chairs could pass in streets too narrow for a carriage, helping to alleviate the crush of coaches in London streets, an early instance of
1911:
1312:
499:
Being transported by palanquin was pleasant. Owning one and keeping the staff to power it was a luxury affordable even to low-paid clerks of the
823:
1497:, is used in the mountains of China for ferrying older tourists and visitors up and down the mountain paths. One of these mountains where the
1113:
In
Spanish-colonial Philippines, litters remained one of the options of transportation for the Spanish inhabitants and members of the native
999:. It was always part of a large military procession, with a yellow (the Javanese colour for royalty) square canopy. The ceremonial parasol (
897:. More elaborate cáng had an adjustable woven bamboo shade to shelter the occupant. Dignitaries would have an entourage to carry parasols.
1003:) was held above the palanquin, which was carried by a bearer behind and flanked by the most loyal bodyguards, usually about 12 men, with
798:
1405:
The wealthy are recorded to have used sedan chairs in the cities of colonial America and the early period of the United States. In 1787,
1372:. In 1738 a fare system was established for Scottish sedans, and the regulations covering chairmen in Bath are reminiscent of the modern
1630:
1414:
1316:
904:
resemble more of the sedan chair, enclosed with a fixed elaborately carved roof and doors. While the cáng has become obsolete, the
2197:
3212:
916:
773:
s were preferred over wheeled vehicles. In traditional weddings, the bride and groom are carried to the ceremony in separate
279:) were often transported in a litter in public, frequently in procession, as during state ceremonial or religious festivals.
717:, where they could take advantage of the cooler climate. Since 1975 an annual sedan chair race has been held to benefit the
576:
42:
2228:
1085:, a wooden or bamboo throne with elaborate and intricate carvings carried by their servants. Also among their retinue were
197:
as "chairmen". These have been very rare since the 19th century, but such enclosed portable litters have been used as an
432:
paintwork and cast bronze finials at the ends of the poles. Designs include foliage, animals, and geometric patterns.
283:
2113:
2042:
1858:
1746:
1554:
as a portable sacred container and throne of God, sharing similarities with portable shrines and covered sedan chairs
1337:
554:
processions. The last known doli making dates back around 2000 by Sharmas(Vishwakarmas) in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.
3202:
1782:
3197:
2221:
342:
A covered sedan chair being carried by eight or nine men, wearing white with various coloured sashes and turbans.
3000:
2392:
718:
1673:
1430:, so much so that in 1758 an order was issued prohibiting their purchase by certain lower-ranking employees.
650:
611:
117:
1478:
usually employed a number of porters, who would alternate carrying the occupant. The porters were known as
1166:) use also figurative palanquins which are built after a chief's family symbol or totem. But these day the
693:
person's status. Civil officers' status was denoted by the number of bearers attached to his chair. Before
2092:
T. Atkinson Jenkins. "Origin of the Word Sedan", Hispanic Review, Vol. 1, No. 3 (July 1933), pp. 240–242.
1426:
symbol. During the 17–18th centuries, palanquins (see above) were very popular among European traders in
17:
145:
to carry tourists along scenic paths and to viewing positions inaccessible by other means of transport.
2252:
1763:
1894:
1837:
1721:
1205:
871:
706:
2207:
3146:
3007:
2874:
2387:
2332:
2000:
1980:
1786:
1304:, which were chairs for public hire slung from poles and carried on the shoulders of two porters.
2954:
2244:
1868:
1413:, and in generally declining health, is noted to have travelled to meetings of the United States
94:
1765:
The Travels of Pietro Della Valle in India from the old English translation of 1664 by G. Havers
866:
588:
the elite travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier's back like a backpack. In the
3207:
3171:
3109:
2995:
2624:
2614:
2190:
1523:
346:
305:
156:
on the sides of the couch. The largest and heaviest types would be carried by draught animals.
153:
1864:
The History of the Indian Revolt, and of the Expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856-7-8
2156:
1307:
1281:
710:
629:
229:
64:
2150:
3114:
2292:
2063:
1361:
1167:
1159:
1143:
781:, when the gamas were also used for celebrations of passing government exams and funerals.
589:
76:
56:
164:
8:
2509:
2449:
2357:
2322:
2307:
2276:
2035:
Sumatran sultanate and colonial state: Jambi and the rise of Dutch imperialism, 1830–1907
1964:
1886:
1862:
1829:
1797:
1713:
1692:
1624:
1547:
1502:
1462:
A similar but simpler palanquin was used by the elite in parts of 18th- and 19th-century
1221:
Portuguese and Spanish navigators and colonisers encountered litters of various sorts in
1183:
From at least the 15th century until the 19th century, litters of varying types known as
142:
705:
were carried on sedan chairs by porters up the steep paths to their residence including
3155:
2434:
2382:
2342:
1365:
828:
500:
479:
is prohibited to men, because indeed 'tis a thing too effeminate, nevertheless, as the
460:
333:
122:
1661:
2550:
2545:
2424:
2367:
2109:
2038:
1742:
1528:
1406:
1341:
908:
is retained in certain traditional rituals a part of a temple devotional procession.
130:
1967:, Illustrations of China and Its People, John Thomson 1837–1921, (London, 1873–1874)
1805:
1470:(Spanish for seat or chair), it consisted of a simple wooden chair with an attached
1268:
2979:
2660:
2533:
1538:
1390:
1188:
765:
s were primarily used by royalty and government officials. There were six types of
593:
312:
98:
1315:, with curved bars to permit ascent to or descent from the dome. Exhibited in the
3192:
3119:
2855:
2783:
2727:
2717:
2566:
2484:
2459:
2409:
2377:
2347:
2312:
2282:
2103:
2005:
1985:
1801:
1769:
1214:
1150:. When used in such occasions these palanquins may be seen as a substitutes of a
1041:
In pre-colonial Philippines, litters were a way of transportation for the elite (
972:
953:
945:
941:
752:
536:
1355:
sedan chair arrives at a garden party. 19th-century oil painting by G. Borgelli.
832:
3076:
3064:
3047:
3035:
2899:
2860:
2737:
2697:
2524:
2454:
2439:
2404:
2362:
2317:
2267:
2181:
2171:
2057:
1890:
1833:
1717:
1324:
1265:, the traditional Classical Latin name for a chair, including a carried chair.
1242:
1171:
1147:
851:
778:
689:, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.
547:
507:
served as military ambulances, used to carry the wounded from the battlefield.
287:
213:
3186:
3052:
3040:
2830:
2732:
2464:
2414:
2372:
2327:
1665:
1619:
1463:
1333:
1329:
1285:
1089:(umbrella)-bearers, to shade the royalty and nobility from the intense heat.
1004:
702:
380:
102:
1245:. All the European names for these devices ultimately derive from the root
1130:
2809:
2742:
2702:
2681:
2592:
2582:
2504:
2469:
2429:
2302:
2070:
1551:
1146:
carry their chiefs and kings in palanquins when they appear in their state
794:
528:
493:
489:
361:
294:
190:
148:
A more luxurious version consists of a bed or couch, sometimes enclosed by
2213:
245:
208:
Sedan chairs, in use until the 19th century, were accompanied at night by
3166:
3012:
2910:
2840:
2757:
2587:
2419:
1563:
1289:
1210:
1151:
1114:
968:
was transported either by hired help, by nobles' peasants, or by slaves.
714:
585:
435:
2149:
2083:
George Balandier "Daily Life in the Kingdom of the Kongo" (1968), p. 117
747:
In Korea, royalty and aristocrats were carried in wooden litters called
159:
2949:
2835:
2814:
2804:
2722:
2707:
2665:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2499:
2494:
2399:
2297:
1882:
1825:
1709:
1518:
513:
415:. The Portuguese apparently added a nasal termination to these to make
385:
316:
241:
60:
827:
were used by the warrior class and nobility, most famously during the
789:
224:
3099:
2845:
2752:
2747:
2650:
2513:
843:
821:: かご) were often used in Japan to transport the non-samurai citizen.
698:
694:
649:
The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair (
205:
for centuries, especially in cultures where women are kept secluded.
202:
47:
924:
In Thailand, the royalty were also carried in wooden litters called
874:
depicting the satirical "rat's wedding" with the bride carried in a
835:) to and from the capital along the central backbone road of Japan.
3126:
3094:
2850:
2604:
2597:
2479:
2474:
2444:
2287:
1471:
1433:
1369:
1154:
in Europe or a horse used in Northern Ghana. The chiefs of the Ga (
1135:
818:
444:
366:
209:
1444:
1023:
and a variety of disguised blades. In contrast, the canopy of the
920:
Elaborate royal Thai Wo, "พระวอสีวิกากาญจน์" (Phra Wo Si Wika Kan)
542:
Modern use of the palanquin is limited to ceremonial occasions. A
539:, introduced in the 1930s, supplanted them for trips around town.
3151:
3071:
3059:
2655:
2645:
2538:
2489:
2352:
2337:
2272:
1533:
1449:
1439:
1394:
1373:
1273:
1102:
1043:
1024:
894:
855:
839:
686:
682:
668:
596:, wooden carriages on poles appear in painted landscape scrolls.
429:
276:
257:
217:
149:
137:
Litters can also be created quickly by the lashing of poles to a
90:
1623:
1280:
In Europe this mode of transportation met with instant success.
881:
Traditional Vietnam employed two distinct types of litters, the
562:
2959:
2932:
2926:
2904:
2799:
1569:
1557:
1493:
A chair borne on the back of a porter, almost identical to the
1427:
1352:
1297:
1238:
1226:
1016:
847:
658:
619:
604:
600:
233:
194:
168:
109:
to transfer the load from the carrying poles to the shoulders.
52:
2186:
The Figurative Palanquins of the Ga. History and Significance.
2176:
Concealed Art. The Figurative Palanquins and Coffins in Ghana.
1347:
71:
30:
2894:
2889:
1595:
1506:
1301:
1234:
1222:
1163:
1063:
1020:
1012:
1008:
814:
729:
524:
275:, the ruler and divinities (in the form of an idol like lord
272:
264:
260:
198:
186:
138:
87:
517:
or stations. The distance between these in the government's
27:
Human-powered wheelless vehicle for the transport of persons
2762:
2712:
1542:
1410:
1230:
1069:
1057:
1029:
809:
311:
In the Catholic Church, Popes were carried the same way in
268:
106:
3104:
1560:(carriage positioned on the back of an elephant or camel)
1323:
From the mid-17th century, visitors taking the waters at
403:, meaning bed or couch. The Malay and Javanese form is
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1261:("little seat"), the latter of which was contracted to
1134:
A figurative palanquin. Drawing by the Ghanaian artist
442:
Palanquins are mentioned in literature as early as the
2032:
1768:. Vol. I. Translated by Havers, George. London:
893:
is a basic bamboo pole with the rider reclining in a
685:
in an auspicious shade of red, richly ornamented and
419:. English adopted it from Portuguese as "palanquin".
304:
The habit must have proven quite persistent, for the
248:
are still carried through the streets using litters.
2033:
Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth; Jackson, Beverley (2004).
1811:
350:
Palanquin in the streets of Calcutta, an engraving,
2147:
1937:"Pilgrim nation: The Goddess Meenakshi of Madurai"
1704:
1702:
1100:) who were sequestered from the world were called
846:), the central totemic core normally found in the
2108:. New York: Simon and Schuster (published 2009).
1762:Della Valle, Pietro (1892) . Grey, Edward (ed.).
3184:
1670:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1170:are very seldom used. They are related with the
701:went into service in 1888, wealthy residents of
671:ceremony by a "shoulder carriage" (Chinese:
1699:
838:Somewhat similar in appearance to kago are the
2102:Colbert, David (2 June 2009). "A Rising Sun".
1808:on Song of Solomon 3, accessed 10 January 2023
721:and commemorate the practice of earlier days.
163:Lady in a litter being carried by her slaves,
75:An English sedan chair (late 18th century) at
2229:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1566:to carry a casket during a funeral procession
1340:(Queen Consort from 1761 to 1818) remains at
854:, on a tour to and from a shrine during some
1634:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1417:in a sedan chair carried by four prisoners.
1313:Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
756:
2243:
2128:carriage would have been too uncomfortable.
2051:
1881:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1824:
1761:
1708:
463:, a 17th-century Italian traveller, wrote:
3162:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums
2236:
2222:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1638:
995:; a more throne-like version was called a
282:The instructions for how to construct the
2204:II (1988): richly detailed social history
2198:Trevor Fawcett, "Chair transport in Bath"
1934:
1383:
799:The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kiso Kaidō
777:s, this custom goes back to the times of
667:). A traditional bride is carried to her
228:Catholic procession with a statue of the
1846:
1842:. London: John Murray. pp. 659–661.
1736:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1490:(sometimes translated as "saddle-men").
1443:
1346:
1306:
1267:
1204:
1129:
940:Princely bride and groom in a litter in
935:
915:
865:
788:
728:
575:
561:
379:
360:
345:
337:
223:
158:
116:
70:
41:
29:
2101:
1953:
1935:Pattanaik, Devdutt (27 November 2016).
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
842:that are used to carry the "god-body" (
105:directly upon their shoulders or use a
14:
3185:
1741:. London: Picador. pp. 186, 318.
1434:The traveling "silla" of Latin America
1368:. A similar system later operated in
399:The word is derived from the Sanskrit
327:
2217:
1975:
1973:
1909:
1680:
1659:
1605:
1317:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)
121:Improvised sling-type litters on the
2160:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2066:of the Ga. History and Significance.
1857:
1582:
1420:
59:. (For Princess Mune) 18th century,
1899:. London: John Murray. p. 299.
1726:. London: John Murray. p. 313.
1142:In Southern Ghana the Akan and the
566:A public sedan chair in Hong Kong,
50:’s litter with arabesque design in
24:
2165:
1970:
1400:
956:society, the generic palanquin or
496:is said to have made for himself.
492:refer to a wooden palanquin which
315:, which was replaced later by the
25:
3224:
2210:: Historical exhibit at Kamat.com
2194:, Vol. 46, Nr. 4, 2013, S. 60–73.
1910:Anand, Jatin (21 November 2016).
971:Historically, the palanquin of a
2178:Berne, Edition Till Schaap 2014.
2154:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2023:Nisbet: 1844: 384 pages, pp 251:
1912:"Big, fat weddings getting trim"
1806:Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary
1272:Hammock litters with porters in
1233:. Such novelties, imported into
181:Another form, commonly called a
2133:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2026:
2013:
2001:"Riding sedan chair to wedding"
1993:
1928:
1903:
1875:
1253:, "to sit", which gave rise to
2208:Luxury Transport of Palanquins
1791:
1776:
1755:
1730:
1195:
1036:
757:
719:Matilda International Hospital
677:
672:
663:
654:
642:
637:
624:
615:
592:and the Northern and Southern
263:and many other places such as
129:A simple litter consists of a
112:
13:
1:
3213:Objects used in Hindu worship
1981:"'Gama': a comprehensive art"
1674:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1575:
1541:, the portable throne of the
1453:
1292:(in 1644–45) remarked on the
738:
681:), usually hired. These were
646:) enclosed in silk curtains.
567:
531:located at certain stations.
449:
370:
351:
172:
1695:. Heritage Transport Museum.
1409:, at the time 81 years old,
1257:("seat") and its diminutive
1200:
1120:
931:
365:A country-made palanquin at
251:
7:
2148:Tirso López Bardón (1913).
1739:The Travels of Ibn Battutah
1512:
1509:province in Eastern China.
911:
232:being carried on a litter,
10:
3229:
1668:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1437:
1209:A sedan chair designed by
861:
471:in the Territories of the
331:
322:
125:in the Philippines in 1942
3139:
3087:
3028:
3021:
2988:
2972:
2942:
2919:
2882:
2873:
2823:
2792:
2771:
2690:
2674:
2638:
2575:
2559:
2523:
2260:
2251:
2151:"Councils of Braga"
2074:, 46 (4), 2013, S. 60–73.
1693:"1850s Palki (Palanquin)"
1415:Constitutional Convention
1178:
488:Some translations of the
3147:Animal-powered transport
1787:Revised Standard Version
1600:Sedan Chairs Ride Again.
1466:. Often simply called a
1125:
1077:) and their wives use a
784:
724:
707:Sir Richard MacDonnell's
557:
407:, in Hindi and Bengali,
240:In traditional Catholic
3203:Animal-powered vehicles
3022:Non-vehicular transport
2245:Human-powered transport
1965:A Hong Kong Sedan Chair
1660:Islam, Sirajul (2012).
1631:Encyclopædia Britannica
546:carries the bride in a
95:human-powered transport
3198:Human-powered vehicles
3172:Zero-emissions vehicle
1737:Battutah, Ibn (2002).
1524:Litter (rescue basket)
1459:
1384:The end of a tradition
1356:
1320:
1277:
1218:
1139:
949:
921:
878:
801:
744:
581:
580:A Chinese bridal sedan
573:
486:
388:
377:
358:
343:
306:Third Council of Braga
237:
178:
126:
79:
68:
39:
2157:Catholic Encyclopedia
2064:Figurative Palanquins
2037:. SEAP Publications.
1501:is still used is the
1448:"Riding in a Silla",
1447:
1350:
1336:sedan chair made for
1310:
1282:Henry VIII of England
1271:
1208:
1168:figurative palanquins
1133:
1073:, sovereign princes (
939:
919:
869:
793:A kago in a print by
792:
732:
711:Governor of Hong Kong
579:
565:
465:
383:
364:
349:
341:
227:
165:province of São Paulo
162:
120:
74:
65:Tokyo Fuji Art Museum
45:
33:
1989:. November 24, 2015.
1887:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1830:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1714:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1160:Greater Accra Region
590:Northern Wei dynasty
290:resembles a litter.
3110:Alpine touring skis
2920:Hand and foot power
2510:Cold-weather biking
2450:Small-wheel bicycle
2358:Glossary of cycling
2323:Cyclo-cross bicycle
2308:Cold-weather biking
1798:Carl Friedrich Keil
1672:(Second ed.).
1598:(December 2, 2002)
1550:, described in the
1548:Ark of the Covenant
1503:Huangshan Mountains
1311:Carrying chair for
856:religious festivals
548:traditional wedding
328:Indian subcontinent
284:Ark of the Covenant
244:, holy statues and
143:Huangshan Mountains
3115:Cross-country skis
2779:Litter/sedan chair
2343:Flat bar road bike
1460:
1366:traffic congestion
1357:
1321:
1278:
1219:
1172:figurative coffins
1140:
987:) or other noble (
950:
922:
879:
802:
745:
599:A commoner used a
582:
574:
501:East India Company
461:Pietro Della Valle
389:
378:
359:
344:
334:Transport in India
297:, a litter called
238:
179:
127:
123:Bataan Death March
80:
69:
40:
3180:
3179:
3135:
3134:
2968:
2967:
2869:
2868:
2551:Motorized scooter
2546:Motorized bicycle
2425:Recumbent bicycle
2368:Motorized bicycle
2105:Benjamin Franklin
2009:. April 21, 2014.
1783:Song of Songs 3:9
1625:"Palanquin"
1529:Sling (furniture)
1421:Colonial practice
1407:Benjamin Franklin
1342:Buckingham Palace
1187:were used in the
991:) was known as a
552:dolis for wedding
16:(Redirected from
3220:
3026:
3025:
2980:Amphibious cycle
2935:(sliding rigger)
2880:
2879:
2661:Invalid carriage
2576:Other foot power
2534:Electric bicycle
2258:
2257:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2161:
2153:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2030:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1822:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1678:
1677:
1657:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1616:
1603:
1593:
1539:Sedia gestatoria
1458:
1455:
1391:hackney carriage
1276:, Portugal, 1821
1189:Kingdom of Kongo
872:Đông Hồ painting
848:most sacred area
840:portable shrines
760:
759:
743:
740:
679:
674:
665:
656:
644:
639:
626:
617:
572:
569:
458:
456:
451:
384:Doli service in
375:
372:
356:
353:
313:sedia gestatoria
185:, consists of a
177:
174:
99:Chinese emperors
21:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3131:
3083:
3017:
2984:
2964:
2938:
2915:
2865:
2856:Summer toboggan
2819:
2793:Weight shifting
2788:
2784:Scoop stretcher
2767:
2728:Pulled rickshaw
2718:Flatbed trolley
2686:
2670:
2634:
2571:
2567:Treadle bicycle
2555:
2519:
2485:Utility bicycle
2460:Touring bicycle
2410:Porteur bicycle
2378:Mountain biking
2348:Folding bicycle
2313:Cruiser bicycle
2283:Bicycle trailer
2247:
2242:
2168:
2166:Further reading
2144:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2014:
2006:The Korea Times
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:The Korea Times
1979:
1978:
1971:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1908:
1904:
1891:Crooke, William
1880:
1876:
1856:
1847:
1834:Crooke, William
1823:
1812:
1802:Franz Delitzsch
1796:
1792:
1781:
1777:
1770:Hakluyt Society
1760:
1756:
1749:
1735:
1731:
1718:Crooke, William
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1658:
1639:
1617:
1606:
1594:
1583:
1578:
1515:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1423:
1403:
1401:In the Americas
1386:
1338:Queen Charlotte
1215:Queen Charlotte
1203:
1198:
1181:
1128:
1123:
1039:
952:In traditional
946:West Kalimantan
934:
914:
864:
787:
741:
727:
634:official litter
570:
560:
535:of Europeans".
454:
452:
373:
354:
336:
330:
325:
254:
175:
115:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3140:Related topics
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3077:Stair climbing
3069:
3068:
3067:
3065:Stair climbing
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:Roller skating
3045:
3044:
3043:
3036:Inline skating
3032:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2929:(sliding seat)
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:Paddleboarding
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2861:Gravity biking
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Shopping caddy
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2698:Baby transport
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2525:Electric motor
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Tandem bicycle
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Safety bicycle
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Penny-farthing
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2363:Hybrid bicycle
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:Cycle rickshaw
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2195:
2182:Regula Tschumi
2179:
2172:Regula Tschumi
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2114:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2058:Regula Tschumi
2050:
2043:
2025:
2012:
1992:
1969:
1952:
1927:
1902:
1874:
1845:
1810:
1790:
1775:
1772:. p. 185.
1754:
1747:
1729:
1698:
1679:
1666:Islam, Sirajul
1637:
1622:, ed. (1911).
1620:Chisholm, Hugh
1604:
1596:Bath Chronicle
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1438:Main article:
1435:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1402:
1399:
1385:
1382:
1288:(in 1594) and
1249:, as in Latin
1237:, spread into
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1180:
1177:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1038:
1035:
948:, in the 1940s
933:
930:
913:
910:
863:
860:
852:Shinto Shrines
786:
783:
779:Joseon Dynasty
726:
723:
675:; pinyin:
640:; pinyin:
636:(Chinese:
632:class used an
559:
556:
329:
326:
324:
321:
288:Book of Exodus
253:
250:
214:Bath, Somerset
114:
111:
103:carrying poles
86:is a class of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3225:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Taxi vehicles
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3120:Telemark skis
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Gravity racer
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Shopping cart
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:Pushed/pulled
2689:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:Treadle power
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Track bicycle
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Prone bicycle
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:Mountain bike
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Downhill bike
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:Bath History,
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2129:
2117:
2115:9781416998891
2111:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2044:0-87727-736-2
2040:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2019:Tomlin, Jacob
2016:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1941:Mumbai Mirror
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3088:Snow and ice
2907:(fixed seat)
2810:Caster board
2778:
2743:Stairclimber
2703:Baggage cart
2682:Rowing cycle
2593:Kick scooter
2583:Balance bike
2505:Wheelie bike
2470:Trailer bike
2430:Road bicycle
2303:City bicycle
2201:
2191:African Arts
2189:
2185:
2175:
2155:
2135:
2126:
2119:. Retrieved
2104:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2071:African Arts
2069:
2061:
2053:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2004:
1995:
1984:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:
1930:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1905:
1895:
1877:
1863:
1859:Dodd, George
1838:
1793:
1778:
1764:
1757:
1738:
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1722:
1669:
1629:
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1552:Hebrew Bible
1498:
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1479:
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1461:
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1387:
1378:
1358:
1334:neoclassical
1322:
1293:
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1241:and then to
1220:
1184:
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870:Traditional
837:
833:Sankin-kōtai
822:
808:
807:
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795:Keisai Eisen
774:
770:
766:
762:
748:
746:
734:
691:
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648:
641:
633:
623:
608:civil litter
607:
598:
594:Song dynasty
583:
551:
543:
541:
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504:
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494:King Solomon
490:Hebrew Bible
487:
480:
476:
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468:
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443:
441:
434:
424:
423:
421:
416:
412:
411:, in Telugu
408:
404:
400:
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392:
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310:
303:
298:
295:Ancient Rome
292:
281:
255:
239:
207:
189:or windowed
182:
180:
147:
136:
128:
93:, a type of
83:
81:
51:
35:
3167:Human power
3013:Ornithopter
2841:Street luge
2758:Wheelbarrow
2588:Dandy horse
2420:Quadracycle
2393:Singletrack
2261:Pedal power
1883:Yule, Henry
1867:. pp.
1826:Yule, Henry
1710:Yule, Henry
1662:"Palanquin"
1564:Pall-bearer
1457: 1840
1290:John Evelyn
1211:Robert Adam
1196:In the West
1152:state coach
1115:principalia
1037:Philippines
979:), prince (
755::
742: 1890
715:summer home
643:guan1 jiao4
571: 1870
436:Ibn Batutta
374: 1895
355: 1881
242:processions
230:Virgin Mary
183:sedan chair
176: 1860
113:Definitions
46:A Japanese
18:Sedan chair
3187:Categories
3100:Ice skates
3029:Foot power
3008:Helicopter
2973:Amphibious
2950:Hydrocycle
2943:Foot power
2883:Hand power
2836:Billy cart
2815:Snakeboard
2805:Pogo stick
2723:Hand truck
2708:Bath chair
2675:Row action
2666:Wheelchair
2639:Hand power
2630:Skateboard
2620:Freeskates
2610:Brakeboard
2500:Velomobile
2495:Velocipede
2400:Party bike
2298:Cargo bike
2293:Boneshaker
2121:2 December
1946:2017-01-08
1921:2017-01-08
1576:References
1519:Bath chair
1488:silleteros
625:min2 jiao4
469:Palanchino
453: 250
386:Sabarimala
332:See also:
317:popemobile
77:Eaton Hall
61:Edo period
36:tahtırevan
34:A Turkish
3127:Snowshoes
2955:Hydrofoil
2846:Snowboard
2753:Toy wagon
2748:Stretcher
2651:Handcycle
2625:Longboard
2615:Freeboard
2514:ice cycle
1916:The Hindu
1484:cargueros
1362:Charles I
1201:In Europe
1158:) in the
1156:mantsemei
1144:Ga-Dangme
1121:In Africa
989:bangsawan
985:raden mas
983:), lord (
932:Indonesia
844:goshintai
733:A Korean
699:Peak Tram
695:Hong Kong
683:lacquered
664:xi3 jiao4
586:Han China
537:Rickshaws
481:Portugals
473:Portugals
467:Going in
417:palanquim
393:palanquin
258:pharaonic
252:Antiquity
210:link-boys
203:transport
88:wheelless
48:Date clan
3095:Crampons
2996:Aircraft
2851:Toboggan
2605:Kicksled
2598:Kickbike
2480:Unicycle
2475:Tricycle
2445:Sociable
2435:Roadster
2388:Downhill
2288:BMX bike
1889:(1903).
1861:(1859).
1832:(1903).
1804:(1866),
1716:(1903).
1602:Page 21.
1513:See also
1480:silleros
1472:tumpline
1370:Scotland
1294:seggioli
1136:Ataa Oko
1094:binibini
1079:Sankayan
1075:Rajamuda
1025:Sumatran
981:pangeran
973:Javanese
954:Javanese
912:Thailand
885:and the
829:Tokugawa
824:Norimono
819:Hiragana
709:(former
703:The Peak
630:mandarin
445:Ramayana
405:palangki
401:palyanka
367:Varanasi
201:form of
154:brackets
150:curtains
91:vehicles
3156:outline
3152:Cycling
3072:Walking
3060:Running
2824:Gravity
2772:Carried
2656:Hobcart
2646:Handcar
2539:Pedelec
2490:Velocar
2353:Go-kart
2338:Fatbike
2277:outline
2273:Bicycle
2200:: from
1893:(ed.).
1836:(ed.).
1720:(ed.).
1534:Mikoshi
1450:Chiapas
1440:sillero
1395:Glasgow
1274:Madeira
1243:Britain
1217:, 1775.
1148:durbars
1117:class.
1108:Binocot
1103:Binukot
1083:Sakayan
1044:maginoo
1017:muskets
997:pangkem
993:jempana
962:jempana
942:Sanggau
895:hammock
862:Vietnam
678:jiān yú
669:wedding
651:Chinese
612:Chinese
430:lacquer
413:pallaki
323:In Asia
299:lectica
286:in the
277:Krishna
218:England
57:lacquer
3193:Chairs
3053:skates
3041:skates
2960:Pedalo
2933:Rowing
2927:Rowing
2905:Rowing
2800:Trikke
2527:assist
2333:Enduro
2112:
2041:
1745:
1570:Gurney
1558:Howdah
1428:Bengal
1353:rococo
1298:Naples
1259:sedula
1251:sedere
1239:France
1229:, and
1227:Mexico
1185:tipoye
1179:Angola
1087:payong
1064:Lakans
1058:Rajahs
1013:lances
1009:sabres
1001:payung
975:king (
889:. The
817:: 駕籠,
753:Korean
687:gilded
661::
659:pinyin
653::
622::
620:pinyin
614::
605:bamboo
601:wooden
514:stages
455:
271:, and
246:relics
236:, 2010
234:London
195:London
169:Brazil
84:litter
53:maki-e
38:, 1893
2895:Kayak
2890:Canoe
2875:Water
2139:koron
1664:. In
1543:popes
1507:Anhui
1499:silla
1495:silla
1476:silla
1468:silla
1411:gouty
1393:. In
1302:Genoa
1263:sella
1235:Spain
1223:India
1164:Ghana
1126:Ghana
1070:Datus
1053:tumao
1021:keris
1005:pikes
815:Kanji
797:from
785:Japan
725:Korea
558:China
525:Hindi
505:dolis
484:year.
477:India
409:palki
273:China
265:India
261:Egypt
199:elite
191:cabin
187:chair
139:chair
131:sling
3001:list
2911:Punt
2763:Sled
2713:Cart
2383:27.5
2268:29er
2253:Land
2188:In:
2123:2018
2110:ISBN
2068:In:
2062:The
2039:ISBN
1871:–22.
1800:and
1743:ISBN
1374:Taxi
1325:Bath
1300:and
1255:seda
1247:sed-
1231:Peru
1213:for
1049:ginu
1030:Bali
977:raja
966:joli
958:joli
906:kiệu
902:kiệu
900:The
891:cáng
887:kiệu
883:cáng
876:kiệu
810:Kago
775:gama
771:gama
767:gama
763:Gama
749:gama
735:gama
544:doli
425:doli
269:Rome
107:yoke
82:The
3105:Ski
2989:Air
1505:of
1486:or
1296:of
1106:or
1081:or
1055:);
850:of
761:).
697:'s
603:or
584:In
520:dak
475:in
293:In
267:,
256:In
167:in
3189::
2184::
2174::
2125:.
2060::
2003:.
1983:.
1972:^
1955:^
1939:.
1914:.
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1869:20
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1785::
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1454:c.
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1344:.
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858:.
758:가마
739:c.
737:,
713:)
673:肩輿
657:;
655:喜轎
638:官轎
618:;
616:民轎
568:c.
457:BC
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391:A
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319:.
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1949:.
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1676:.
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1162:(
1138:.
813:(
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448:(
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67:.
20:)
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