78:, which lasted from 1715-1718. Instead of secretaries, their duties were handled by a Council of State, composed of various subcouncils of war, foreign affairs, the navy, etc. The slowness of this system proved ineffective, and the secretaries of state were brought back.
97:
The secretaries of state were members of the king's "Conseil privé", but rarely attended its sessions. The secretaries of war and of foreign affairs attended the "Conseil royal de commerce". All secretaries of state were members of the "Conseil des Dépêches".
20:
was the name of several official governmental positions – supervising war, foreign affairs, the navy, the king's household, the clergy, Paris, and
Protestant affairs – during the
185:) and, from 1747 on, the other internal provinces of France (after several Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs had refused to take on administration of provinces).
115:
The secretaries of state were appointed by the king and their positions were revocable. Nevertheless, their offices required purchase (between 500,000 and 900,000
259:
167:
The positions of
Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs and of War were constant, but the attributes and number of the other secretaries varied over time.
32:
today. The positions were created in 1547, but gained in importance only after 1588. The various secretaries of state were considered part of the
86:
Each secretary of state was the head of a specialized department of state with a functional area of expertise (War, Foreign
Affairs, the Navy, the
131:
211:
94:). The secretaries gave council to the king, and countersigned (or co-signed) and expedited royal decisions (edicts and declarations).
160:
146:
141:
48:, but only gained in importance from 1588 on. The various secretaries of state were from that point on considered part of the
49:
33:
64:
119:), and this fee usually included a certificate, or "brevet de retenue", permitting reimbursement in the case of demission.
55:
At their creation, there were four secretaries of state, but at various times in their history there appeared five. Under
153:" was the king's royal entourage and personal military guard), who also oversaw the clergy, the affairs of Paris, and the
136:
181:
the
Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi oversaw provinces that had provincial estates, or "pays d'états" (see
71:
197:
254:
29:
229:
74:
suppressed the secretaries of state, relying instead on a collegial system of government, called the
170:
There was no
Secretary of the Interior, as the secretaries of state divided administration of the
109:
193:
108:
The secretary of state for foreign affairs was traditionally named by the honorific title "
112:" upon assuming his position. The other secretaries usually gained this title over time.
8:
234:
171:
91:
154:
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45:
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the
Secretary of State of the Navy oversaw colonies, except between 1749 and 1754.
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116:
101:
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150:
87:
75:
192:
There was no secretary of state of justice (this was fulfilled by the
63:) and again from 1763 to 1780, when fifth department was created for
90:, Protestant Affairs) and a geographical area of expertise (several
127:
There were generally four, sometimes five, secretaries of state:
182:
59:
there were five secretaries in
September 1718 (at the death of
44:
Secretaries of State first appeared in 1547 under the reign of
25:
163:(combined with the secretary of the Maison du Roi in 1749).
178:
the
Secretary of State for War oversaw border provinces.
246:
196:) nor of Finances (overseen by the position of
260:Secretaries of State of Ancien Régime France
100:For more on these councils, see the article
161:Secretary of State for Protestant Affairs
28:, roughly equivalent to the positions of
147:Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi
247:
132:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
70:At the death of Louis XIV, the Regent
210:This article is based on the article
50:Great Officers of the Crown of France
34:Great Officers of the Crown of France
13:
65:Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin
14:
271:
218:, retrieved on September 4, 2006.
212:Secrétaire d'État (Ancien Régime)
67:dealing with financial affairs.
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198:Controller-General of Finances
142:Secretary of State of the Navy
1:
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72:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
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10:
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137:Secretary of State for War
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230:Ancien Régime in France
30:governmental ministers
255:Government of France
194:Chancellor of France
174:between themselves:
235:Early Modern France
18:Secretary of State
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216:French Knowledge
155:king's buildings
61:Guillaume Dubois
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110:ministre d'État
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240:Conseil du Roi
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82:Organization
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249:Categories
204:References
76:Polysynody
214:from the
172:provinces
123:Positions
92:provinces
224:See also
57:Louis XV
46:Henry II
40:History
183:taille
149:(the "
117:livres
26:France
16:The
200:).
24:in
251::
52:.
36:.
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