170:, demonstrators demanded that the service be dissolved and several buildings (including the headquarters in Nasr City) were stormed by protesters that gathered evidence of torture tools, secret cells and documents showing surveillance on citizens. On March 15 2011, Egypt’s Minister of Interior announced the dissolution of the State Security and declared the new National Security Agency would replace it and be responsible for its internal security and counter-terrorist duties.
1098:
41:
441:
510:(Secret Field Police, GFP) were a secret police organization used to identify and eliminate opposition, including suspected organized resistance. Its claimed main duty, according to a 1936 law, was "to investigate and suppress all anti-State tendencies". One method used to spy on citizens was to intercept letters or telephone calls. They encouraged ordinary Germans to inform on each other. As part of the
460:. Such operations were established in an effort to detect any possible conspiracies or revolutionary subversion. The peak of secret-police operations in most of Europe was 1815 to 1860, "when restrictions on voting, assembly, association, unions and the press were so severe in most European countries that opposition groups were forced into conspiratorial activities." The
992:". In addition to these activities, secret police may also be responsible for tasks not related to suppressing internal dissent, such as gathering foreign intelligence, engaging in counterintelligence, organizing border security, and guarding government buildings and officials. Secret police forces sometimes endure even after the fall of a totalitarian regime.
1069:
face a fundamental 'coercing dilemma' between empowerment and control. ... Autocrats must empower their security forces with enough coercing capacity to enforce internal order and conduct external defense. Equally important to their survival, however, they must control that capacity, to ensure it is
241:
in 1644. Originally, their main functions were to serve as the emperor's bodyguard and to spy on his subjects and report any plots of rebellion or regicide directly to the emperor. Over time, the organization took on law enforcement and judicial functions and grew to be immensely powerful, with the
431:
acted as a secret police/national security body which existed as a branch of the
Republic of China Armed Forces. The agency was established at the end of World War II and operated throughout the Cold War. It was disbanded on 1 August 1992. It was responsible for suppressing activities viewed as
161:
on coercive interrogation techniques, mass surveillance, public intimidation and political suppression. The SSIS was responsible for suppressing opposition groups to Nasser and his successors (Sadat and
Mubarak). Torture was a systematic practice by that repressive apparatus. During the
103:
regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
1010:
are all tools wielded by secret police "to prevent, investigate, or punish (real or imagined) opposition." Because secret police typically act with great discretionary powers "to decide what is a crime" and are a tool used to target political opponents, they operate outside the
802:, along with others suspected of sentiments contrary to white supremacy. Agents from the Sov-Com wiretapped and bugged citizens of Mississippi, and historians identify the agency as a secret police force. Among other things, the Sov-Com collaborated with the
553:("Decomposition"). This involved the sustained use of covert psychological harassment methods against people, which were designed to cause mental and emotional health problems, and thereby debilitate them and cause them to become socially isolated.
734:(or CDR) to monitor government opponents. Secret state police have operated in secret among CDR groups, and most adult Cubans are officially members. CDR are tasked with informing on other Cubans and monitoring activity in their neighborhoods.
840:
We want no
Gestapo or Secret Police. F.B.I. is tending in that direction. They are dabbling in sex life scandles and plain blackmail when they should be catching criminals. They also have a habit of sneering at local law enforcement
1511:
634:. Agents of the Okhrana were vital in identifying and suppressing opponents of the Tsar. The Okhrana engaged in torture and infiltration of opponents. They infiltrated labor unions, political parties, and newspapers. After the
755:
271:
officers with the dual function of law enforcement and repressing political dissent. State security bureaus and public security bureaus are functionally co-located within the same buildings as each other. The MSS and the
1486:
242:
power to overrule ordinary judicial rulings and to investigate, interrogate, and punish anyone, including members of the imperial family. In 1420, a second secret police organization run by eunuchs, known as the
549:, which made use of an extensive network of civilian informers. From the 1970's, the main form of political, cultural and religious repression practiced by the Stasi, was a form of 'silent repression' called
518:. Although the Gestapo had a relatively small number of personnel (32,000 in 1944), "it maximized these small resources through informants and a large number of denunciations from the local population".
988:
and J. Michael Waller describe the secret police as central to totalitarian regimes and "an indispensable device for the consolidation of power, neutralization of the opposition, and construction of a
190:. The Bureau tortured many Ugandans, operating on behalf of a regime responsible for more than five hundred thousand violent deaths. The SRB attempted to infiltrate every area of Ugandan life.
775:
904:, which was charged with killings and torture related to repression of political opponents. Chilean government investigations found that over 30,000 people were tortured by the agency.
2964:
149:, the State Security apparatus was reformed and reorganized to suit the security concerns of the new socialist regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The SSIS was made a separate branch of the
1611:
2708:
1082:
Increasing fragmentation (i.e., dividing powers among the regime security apparatuses to prevent "any single agency from amassing enough political power to carry out a coup") and
408:
794:(or "Sov-Com") was a state agency given unusual authority by the governor of Mississippi from 1956 to 1977, to investigate and police private citizens in order to uphold
3454:
3160:
845:
Yet in spite of these sentiments, Truman took no action to try to abolish the FBI, or even more modest reforms. Beginning a decade later in 1956, Hoover's FBI began the
480:
were particularly notorious during this period. After 1860, the use of secret police declined due to increasing liberalization, except in autocratic regimes such as
2794:
1085:
Increasing exclusivity (i.e., purging the regime security apparatus to favor familial, social, ethnic, religious, and tribal groups perceived as more loyal).
1635:
1817:
557:
are considered by some survivors and analysts to have also been used as a constituent part of
Zersetzung methods, although this is not definitely proven.
1684:
1784:
1555:
700:
581:(or ÁVH) secret police. The Soviet-aligned ÁVH moved into the former fascist police headquarters and used it to torture and execute state opponents.
577:, which killed hundreds of Jews in its basement, among other targets considered "enemies of the race-based state". The same building was used by the
166:, The SSIS used to receive suspected terrorists that were sent to Egypt from the United States and used to interrogate them using torture. After the
1659:
1252:
411:
or KCIA was a secret police agency which acted extra-judicially and was involved in such activities as kidnapping a presidential candidate and the
2842:
1487:"Commentary: Maintaining the Harmony between the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security in an Apparent Totalitarian China"
1202:
3447:
3153:
2874:
1371:
830:
763:
3098:
1146:
929:
119:
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to harass targets. The agency ceased to function in 1973, but was not officially dissolved until 1977. The Sov-Com served as a model for the
1346:
2937:
731:
723:
3416:
3247:
659:
610:
3813:
3440:
3146:
1972:
3267:
3252:
3403:
2603:
870:
791:
663:
1022:
without due process. While in detention, arrestees may be tortured or subjected to inhumane treatment. Suspects may not receive a
276:
control the overall national police network of China and the two agencies share resources and closely coordinate with each other.
3820:
3293:
1984:
885:
2571:
2019:
811:
799:
399:, resembling closer the other secret police agencies of the time period. For this it earned the nickname "the Thought Police".
206:
who is responsible for detaining, torturing, mass beating, raping and starving thousands of civilians on the orders of Mugabe.
3194:
2691:
2504:
2477:
2069:
138:
2316:
897:
3370:
2110:
815:
328:
183:
2762:
2258:
3793:
2995:
2135:"Tsarist methods of control - state infrastructure - Security of the Tsarist state before 1905 - Higher History Revision"
1151:
273:
115:
1512:"MI5 and the Cold War in South-East Asia: Examining the performance of Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE), 1946–1963"
722:
reported that repression of dissidents was routine, albeit harsher after heightened periods of opposition activity. The
3242:
1236:
260:
2345:
1034:, or by a secret tribunal. Secret police known to have used these approaches in history included the secret police of
917:
674:, in which it set up a fake anti-Bolshevik organization to identify opponents. It was the temporary forerunner to the
3695:
3232:
3082:
2356:
2290:
1770:
1746:
1612:"Hong Kong police have arrested 97 under national security law, as commissioner rejects complaints of 'white terror'"
1412:
727:
424:
331:. The NSD has accused and arrested dissenting voices in Hong Kong for "endangering" the national security, including
199:
1074:
Authoritarian regimes therefore attempt to engage in "coup-proofing" (designing institutions to minimize risks of a
944:
751:
3474:
3352:
3285:
2907:
2786:
1868:"Mathieu Deflem: International Policing in Nineteenth-Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866"
534:
2411:"Struggles Within: Lura G. Currier, the Mississippi Library Commission, and Library Services to African Americans"
1867:
3303:
2546:
970:
877:
826:
715:
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335:
politicians, protestors, and journalists. Some websites were also reportedly banned by the department, including
3856:
3339:
2044:
1436:
1019:
332:
264:
1694:
248:(Eastern Depot), was formed to suppress suspected political opposition to the usurpation of the throne by the
3866:
3385:
17:
1057:
A single secret service may pose a potential threat to the central political authority. Political scientist
2469:
1563:
392:
320:
313:
305:
238:
150:
3362:
3227:
1462:"MSS goes with "People's Leader 人民领袖"; Dual circulation; US South China Sanctions; Missile tests; TikTok"
959:
263:
in modern China controls a network of provincial and local State
Security Bureaus, integrated with local
3861:
3777:
3347:
2852:
2496:
Spies of
Mississippi: The True Story of the Spy Network that Tried to Destroy the Civil Rights Movement
1716:"MEMBERS OF THE KENPEITAI (JAPANESE SECRET POLICE) AND THE HIKARI KIKAN (JAPANESE MILITARY POLICE) ..."
1116:
578:
511:
289:
268:
3846:
3803:
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3547:
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974:
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political opponents to the
Venezuelan government. From 1951 until 1953, it operated a prison camp on
913:
747:
590:
225:
2306:
3876:
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3622:
2521:
2280:
1304:
1131:
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167:
154:
146:
142:
2740:
3720:
3029:
1689:
711:
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554:
428:
380:
324:
141:. Initially it was formed during the British occupation of Egypt as the Intelligence wing of the
1636:"Hong Kong jails man, 24, for nine years under national security law | Hong Kong | The Guardian"
3841:
3648:
3463:
2341:
1043:
850:
849:
project, aimed at suppressing domestic political opponents. Among other targets, this included
472:
384:
1273:
Berman, Ilan; Waller, J. Michael (2006). "Introduction: The
Centrality of the Secret Police".
3798:
3138:
2681:
2494:
2085:
1947:"Introduction - Control and opposition in Nazi Germany - CCEA - GCSE History Revision - CCEA"
704:
388:
1969:
888:(or SNI), and engaged in kidnappings, torture, and attacks against theaters and bookstores.
730:
reported that Cuba's
Ministry of the Interior utilizes a network of informants known as the
3710:
3562:
3527:
2134:
1946:
1461:
999:
31:
2035:
Dennis, Mike (2003). "Tackling the enemy: quiet repression and preventive decomposition".
8:
3517:
3204:
2847:
995:
977:
reported that SEBIN would torture political demonstrators during interrogation sessions.
951:
506:
395:
was formed in 1911. Its task consisted of controlling political groups and ideologies in
80:
2632:
2611:
3727:
3092:
2446:
2438:
2391:
2311:
1928:
1920:
1585:
1536:
1246:
989:
795:
759:
719:
678:, a later secret police agency used for similar purposes. The NKVD participated in the
635:
477:
457:
364:
966:
355:
was one of the most both powerful intelligence and secret police organizations of the
3587:
3133:
3078:
2882:
2716:
2687:
2579:
2500:
2473:
2450:
2430:
2383:
2286:
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2065:
2040:
2015:
1932:
1912:
1825:
1792:
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1742:
1418:
1408:
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962:
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356:
285:
3432:
1540:
1287:
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3552:
3497:
3421:
3021:
2791:
Stanford
University - The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute
2422:
1904:
1526:
901:
252:. Combined, these two organizations made the Ming dynasty one of the world's first
96:
88:
2223:
1893:"The Gestapo and German Society: Political Denunciation in the Gestapo Case Files"
1531:
1372:"Secret-Police Records Reveal Vast Paranoia Of Idi Amin's Regime (Published 1979)"
3808:
3742:
3715:
3607:
3582:
3577:
3507:
3022:"CÓDIGO 58- Entrevista a Manuel Cristopher Figuera (Jueves 11 DE JULIO 2019) 3/5"
2337:
1976:
1203:"Vladimir Putin's East Germany Stasi secret police ID card uncovered in archives"
934:
833:
822:
743:
671:
566:
467:
360:
336:
100:
84:
61:
662:. Cheka, as an authorized secret police force under the rule of the Bolsheviks,
3757:
3747:
3737:
3627:
3612:
3572:
3542:
3522:
3512:
3492:
1322:
1181:
1176:
1027:
807:
623:
481:
396:
293:
249:
234:
137:
is home to Africa’s and the Middle East’s first internal security service: The
44:
267:
which make up part of the policing system of China. State security agents are
3835:
3673:
3668:
3567:
3532:
3502:
2886:
2720:
2583:
2434:
2387:
1916:
1829:
1796:
1758:
1422:
1383:
1141:
1007:
925:
882:
Department of Information Operations - Center for Internal Defense Operations
627:
515:
244:
203:
163:
2938:"El Miedo que nos Enseñó la Seguridad Nacional. A Propósito del 23 de Enero"
2816:
2158:
2111:"House of Terror explores Hungarian secret police methods | DW | 31.10.2009"
2010:
Mike Dennis, Norman LaPorte (2011). "The Stasi and Operational Subversion".
3663:
3632:
3617:
3321:
3214:
3189:
3173:
3117:
Dictators and their Secret Police: Coercive Institutions and State Violence
2253:
1715:
1171:
1035:
1023:
803:
718:
has served a number of secret policing functions. As recently as 1999, the
639:
542:
526:
522:
493:
309:
253:
230:
3772:
3767:
3705:
3685:
3597:
3557:
3537:
3199:
2967:[The Pérez Jiménez Dictatorship did not make Venezuela a Power].
2199:
1161:
1126:
1012:
985:
787:
779:
774:
679:
348:
157:
command. During the Nasser era, It was intensively trained by the Soviet
48:
2442:
2410:
2395:
2371:
452:
Secret police organizations originated in 18th-century Europe after the
3732:
3680:
3393:
3060:
Justificatory Liberalism: An Essay on Epistemology and Political Theory
1924:
1892:
1103:
1031:
940:
866:
846:
667:
619:
550:
91:
against a government's political, ideological, or social opponents and
64:
from 1985 to 1989. Both organizations used similar forms of repression.
40:
3690:
3658:
1066:
538:
530:
427:, established in 1954, is the regime's main intelligence agency. The
379:
existed from 1881 to 1945 and were described as secret police by the
376:
220:
92:
3075:
The Unsleeping Eye: Secret Police and Their Victims. Encounter Books
2572:"Mississippi Reveals Dark Secrets of a Racist Time (Published 1998)"
2426:
1097:
440:
3275:
1908:
1785:"Seoul's Vast Intelligence Agency Stirs Wide Fear (Published 1973)"
881:
798:. This authority was used to suppress and spy on the activities of
570:
187:
3043:
Dragomir, Elna (2018). "Police State". In Arrigo, Bruce A. (ed.).
2940:[The Fear National Security Taught Us. About 23 January].
3762:
3700:
3653:
2965:"La Dictadura de Pérez Jiménez no Hizo de Venezuela una Potencia"
2604:"The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: An Agency History"
1136:
1111:
1003:
921:
900:, or DINA, was a powerful secret police agency under the rule of
754:
to combat communist opposition. The agency was later replaced by
631:
501:
2279:
Kirkpatrick, Lyman B. Jr. (1968). "Chapter 7 - Batista's Cuba".
1660:"Hong Kong Watch website blocked by internet firms in Hong Kong"
1229:
Spin Dictators: The Changing Face of Tyranny in the 21st Century
1226:
973:
to oppress political demonstrations. SEBIN director and general
3484:
448:
to re-glue envelopes after mail had been opened for examination
352:
179:
76:
55:
3168:
1275:
Dismantling Tyranny: Transitioning Beyond Totalitarian Regimes
3329:
3222:
3184:
1039:
643:
546:
445:
327:
is a secret police agency created after the enactment of the
134:
51:
3045:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Surveillance, Security, and Privacy
3411:
3237:
2817:"DOPS - Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - História"
1166:
1046:
655:
651:
647:
598:
2466:
Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi
2183:
Russia and the USSR, 1855-1991: Autocracy and Dictatorship
1437:"Crime and Policing in China | Office of Justice Programs"
1402:
880:, DOPS was employed by the military regime along with the
3311:
3257:
2996:"#MemoriaFotográfica: A la Caza de la Seguridad Nacional"
1231:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 49–51.
675:
670:. It also enacted counterintelligence operations such as
301:
297:
158:
58:
2998:[# PhotoMemory: Hunting for National Security].
2931:
2929:
2927:
2062:
Military Neuroscience and the Coming Age of Neurowarfare
2372:"Watching Neighbors: The Cuban Model of Social Control"
2338:"2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Cuba"
2307:"CUBA'S REPRESSIVE MACHINERY: VIII. Routine Repression"
703:(or BRAC), suppressed political opponents such as the
304:. The branch later joined the Crime Department of the
3462:
2924:
2843:"Brazil - The National Intelligence Service, 1964-90"
2683:
Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman
1347:"Uganda releases former head of Amin's secret police"
943:. The Seguridad Nacional was abolished following the
836:) was tending towards becoming a secret police force:
1093:
545:. It had secret police, commonly referred to as the
237:
and served as the dynasty's secret police until the
95:. Secret police organizations are characteristic of
601:were a fascist Italian secret police organization.
391:. However, their civilian counterpart known as the
3134:High Policing: The Protection of National Security
2814:
2285:. Silver Spring, MD, USA: Ground Zero Books, Ltd.
1018:People apprehended by the secret police are often
707:through methods including violent interrogations.
3238:People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD)
1323:"BBC News | Africa | Idi Amin's legacy of terror"
1227:Guriev, Sergei; Treisman, Daniel (4 April 2023).
701:Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities
3833:
2905:
1405:Beyond Suffering: Recounting War in Modern China
3248:People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB)
2935:
2908:"Chile convicts 106 former intelligence agents"
2741:"A Huey P. Newton Story - Actions - COINTELPRO"
2344:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
2012:State and Minorities in Communist East Germany
1147:List of historical secret police organizations
758:in 1985 after DFS agents were working for the
120:List of historical secret police organizations
47:'s secret police identity card, issued by the
3448:
3154:
3119:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–25.
432:promoting democracy and Taiwan independence.
27:Intelligence agency which operates in secrecy
2994:López F., Carlos Eduardo (4 December 2016).
2875:"Secret Police Agency Is Abolished in Chile"
2686:. University of Missouri Press. p. 22.
1849:
1847:
1845:
1484:
1272:
1251:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
732:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
724:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2936:Ramírez Delgado, María (11 February 2021).
2278:
2009:
2000:(Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 81-83.
1855:Political Repression in 19th Century Europe
1685:"Stolen Years: Australian Prisoners of War"
873:(DOPS) was the government's secret police.
611:Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies
186:(SRB) was a secret police organisation for
3455:
3441:
3161:
3147:
3097:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3047:. SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 753–56.
2039:. Pearson Education Limited. p. 112.
1731:
3394:Department of State Security (Securitate)
3243:Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB)
2709:"Harry S. Truman: A President in Private"
2519:
1890:
1842:
1530:
292:was established in 1934 originally as an
3276:Directorate of State Security (Sigurimi)
3233:Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU)
3114:
3042:
2993:
2706:
2159:"Okhranka | Russian police organization"
2059:
1782:
1277:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. XV.
1065:When it comes to their security forces,
980:
871:Department of Political and Social Order
792:Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission
773:
622:in Russia between 1565 and 1572. In the
439:
363:in the 8th and 9th centuries during the
39:
3062:. Oxford University Press. p. 196.
2962:
2956:
2872:
2787:"Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)"
2763:"The FBI's War on Civil Rights Leaders"
2520:Hertzberg, Hendrik (24 February 2009).
2463:
2369:
1998:The Firm: The Inside Story of the Stasi
1985:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1815:
1556:"KMT spies infiltrated colonial police"
1369:
821:In private writings in 1945, President
446:East German Ministry for State Security
14:
3834:
3412:Department of National Security (OZNA)
2679:
2544:
2492:
2034:
2003:
1292:Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes
1200:
920:secret police investigated, arrested,
812:Louisiana State Sovereignty Commission
630:of the Imperial Chancery and then the
3436:
3417:Directorate for State Security (UDBA)
3195:Telephone tapping in the Eastern Bloc
3142:
3110:
3108:
3072:
2963:Damiano, Daniela (30 November 2015).
2760:
2547:"Mississippi panel terrorized blacks"
2246:
1553:
1403:James A. Flath; Norman Smith (2011).
383:. It had an equivalent branch in the
139:State Security Investigations Service
3371:Ministry of Public Security (UB/MBP)
3057:
2569:
2408:
2109:McKay, Barry. Hairsine, Kate (ed.).
1592:(in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 2020-07-01
1509:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1038:(the Ministry for State Security or
1026:, and instead may be convicted in a
816:Alabama State Sovereignty Commission
626:, the secret police forces were the
3330:Ministry for State Security (Stasi)
2761:Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. (2017-01-16).
1152:List of secret police organizations
229:(Embroidered Uniform Guard) of the
116:List of secret police organizations
24:
3258:Committee for State Security (KGB)
3115:Greitens, Sheena Chestnut (2016).
3105:
2815:Viviane Godinho Corrêa, Michelle.
2064:. London: Routledge. p. 205.
1609:
1519:Intelligence and National Security
1459:
573:displays the headquarters for the
525:, Germany was split into West and
409:Korean Central Intelligence Agency
308:in 1946 and focused on preventing
25:
3888:
3464:Types of law enforcement agencies
3422:Counterintelligence Service (KOS)
3294:Committee for State Security (DS)
3228:State Political Directorate (GPU)
3127:
2357:UN High Commissioner for Refugees
2108:
1510:Shaw, Alexander Nicholas (2017).
1259:
1201:Norman, Greg (12 December 2018).
1020:arbitrarily arrested and detained
898:National Intelligence Directorate
521:After the defeat of the Nazis in
514:, it was also a key organizer of
200:Central Intelligence Organisation
3353:Ministry of Internal Affairs III
3348:State Protection Authority (ÁVH)
3253:Ministry of State Security (MGB)
3223:Extraordinary Commission (Cheka)
3032:from the original on 2021-11-17.
2797:from the original on Jul 9, 2021
2657:"May 12, 1945 | Harry S. Truman"
1783:Halloran, Richard (1973-08-20).
1096:
1078:). Two methods of doing so are:
855:
769:
685:
535:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
233:was founded in the 1360s by the
3066:
3051:
3036:
3014:
2987:
2906:Mariano Castillo (2017-06-03).
2899:
2866:
2835:
2808:
2779:
2754:
2733:
2707:Sherrill, Robert (1980-11-02).
2700:
2673:
2649:
2625:
2596:
2563:
2538:
2513:
2486:
2457:
2402:
2363:
2348:from the original on 2021-06-07
2330:
2319:from the original on 2021-06-07
2299:
2272:
2261:from the original on 2021-06-07
2249:"Castro's men pour into Havana"
2240:
2216:
2192:
2175:
2151:
2127:
2102:
2078:
2053:
2028:
1990:
1963:
1939:
1884:
1860:
1816:Chapman, William (1979-10-30).
1809:
1776:
1752:
1708:
1677:
1652:
1628:
1603:
1578:
1547:
1503:
1478:
1453:
1429:
878:military dictatorship in Brazil
827:Federal Bureau of Investigation
699:'s secret police, known as the
413:assassination of Park Chung-hee
329:Hong Kong National Security Law
202:(CIO) was the secret police of
2200:"Cheka | Soviet secret police"
2086:"A History Lesson in Budapest"
1396:
1363:
1339:
1315:
1297:
1281:
1220:
1194:
762:. In 1989, it was replaced by
664:suppressed political opponents
537:. It was closely aligned with
402:
316:from infiltrating the colony.
13:
1:
3696:Criminal investigation agency
2608:mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us
2499:. National Geographic Books.
2014:. Berghahn Books. p. 8.
1897:The Journal of Modern History
1532:10.1080/02684527.2017.1289695
1294:(Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 65.
1187:
886:National Intelligence Service
869:, between 1930 and 1946, the
2971:(in Spanish). Archived from
2873:de Onis, Juan (1977-08-13).
2470:University of Illinois Press
2247:Deane, Philip (1959-01-04).
1370:Darnton, John (1979-04-18).
907:
321:National Security Department
306:Royal Hong Kong Police Force
279:
7:
2037:The Stasi: Myth and Reality
1485:greatcharlie (2020-11-23).
1089:
969:have been accused of using
912:During the dictatorship of
867:Getúlio Vargas dictatorship
697:President Fulgencio Batista
274:Ministry of Public Security
193:
10:
3893:
2570:Sack, Kevin (1998-03-18).
2545:Teepen, Tom (1998-03-29).
2370:COLOMER, JOSEP M. (2000).
1891:Gellately, Robert (1988).
1857:(1983; Routledge 2013 ed.)
1117:Committee of Public Safety
1052:
945:overthrow of Pérez Jiménez
939:, which was effectively a
608:
579:State Protection Authority
560:
512:Reich Security Main Office
487:
261:Ministry of State Security
113:
107:
54:while he was working as a
29:
3786:
3753:Protective security units
3641:
3483:
3470:
3402:
3384:
3361:
3338:
3320:
3302:
3284:
3266:
3213:
3180:
2823:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2680:Truman, Harry S. (1997).
2415:Information & Culture
1853:Robert Justin Goldstein,
1616:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
1122:Counterintelligence state
1070:not turned against them.
975:Manuel Cristopher Figuera
860:
737:
604:
591:Fascist Italy (1922-1943)
435:
418:
173:
124:
3058:Gaus, Gerald F. (1996).
2060:Krishnan, Armin (2017).
1818:"Army Seizes KCIA Reins"
1739:The Rise of Modern Japan
1610:Ho, Kelly (2021-02-02).
1586:"【最新】警務處已設國家安全處作國安法執法部門"
1560:South China Morning Post
1407:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
1132:Extrajudicial punishment
1059:Sheena Chestnut Greitens
891:
716:Ministry of the Interior
584:
529:. East Germany became a
425:National Security Bureau
370:
214:
129:
87:agencies that engage in
2204:Encyclopedia Britannica
2163:Encyclopedia Britannica
1690:Australian War Memorial
712:Communist Party of Cuba
690:
595:Italian Social Republic
555:Directed-energy weapons
533:state and ruled by the
496:from 1933 to 1945, the
429:Taiwan Garrison Command
381:Australian War Memorial
342:
265:Public Security Bureaus
209:
204:President Robert Mugabe
153:and separated from the
3809:Law enforcement agency
3649:Anti-corruption agency
2851:. 1997. Archived from
2468:. Urbana and Chicago:
2464:Dittmer, John (1995).
2342:US Department of State
1981:Holocaust Encyclopedia
1072:
884:(or DOI-CODI) and the
851:Martin Luther King Jr.
843:
783:
500:(Secret State Police,
449:
444:A machine used by the
415:, among other things.
385:Imperial Japanese Navy
351:, located in Baghdad.
65:
3857:Law enforcement units
3376:Security Service (SB)
3073:Stove, R. J. (2003).
2661:www.trumanlibrary.gov
2633:"MS Digital Archives"
2493:Bowers, Rick (2010).
1063:
981:Functions and methods
838:
777:
705:26th of July Movement
498:Geheime Staatspolizei
463:Geheime Staatspolizei
443:
359:which was led by the
300:with assistance from
239:collapse of Ming rule
184:State Research Bureau
43:
3867:Political repression
3711:Intelligence officer
3528:Conservation officer
3312:State Security (StB)
2975:on 14 September 2018
2409:Cook, Karen (2013).
1554:Seawright, Stephen.
1309:Cambridge Dictionary
1000:forced disappearance
947:on 23 January 1958.
914:Marcos Pérez Jiménez
800:civil rights workers
748:Miguel Alemán Valdés
746:, Mexican president
151:Ministry of Interior
3821:Intelligence agency
3518:Cathedral constable
3205:Inner German border
2848:Library of Congress
2637:MS Digital Archives
2522:""Breach of Peace""
2185:(Routledge, 2006),
1640:amp.theguardian.com
996:Arbitrary detention
956:Venezuelan protests
952:crisis in Venezuela
728:US State Department
507:Geheime Feldpolizei
365:Golden Age of Islam
3728:Neighborhood watch
3623:Territorial police
2879:The New York Times
2576:The New York Times
2453:– via JSTOR.
2398:– via JSTOR.
2312:Human Rights Watch
2021:978-0-857-45-195-8
1975:2022-01-30 at the
1935:– via JSTOR.
1789:The New York Times
1376:The New York Times
990:single-party state
941:forced labour camp
918:Seguridad Nacional
796:racial segregation
784:
760:Guadalajara Cartel
720:Human Rights Watch
636:Russian Revolution
458:Congress of Vienna
450:
188:President Idi Amin
66:
30:For the film, see
3862:National security
3829:
3828:
3588:Regimental police
3430:
3429:
3077:. San Francisco.
2693:978-0-8262-1119-4
2506:978-1-4263-0596-2
2479:978-0-252-06507-1
2071:978-1-315-59542-9
1157:Mass surveillance
963:Tareck El Aissami
616:Ivan the Terrible
575:Arrow Cross Party
454:French Revolution
310:pro-KMT rightists
286:British Hong Kong
198:In Zimbabwe, the
89:covert operations
16:(Redirected from
3884:
3847:Authoritarianism
3593:Religious police
3553:Municipal police
3498:Auxiliary police
3457:
3450:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3172:agencies in the
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3088:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3028:. 12 July 2019.
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2610:. Archived from
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2181:Stephen J. Lee,
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1780:
1774:
1756:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1693:. Archived from
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1562:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1106:
1101:
1100:
998:, abduction and
938:
902:Augusto Pinochet
642:established the
314:pro-CCP leftists
73:political police
21:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:Totalitarianism
3852:Law enforcement
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3782:
3743:Posse comitatus
3716:Law enforcement
3701:Customs service
3637:
3608:Security police
3583:Regional police
3578:Railroad police
3563:Police tactical
3548:Military police
3508:Cantonal police
3479:
3466:
3461:
3431:
3426:
3398:
3380:
3357:
3334:
3316:
3298:
3280:
3262:
3209:
3176:
3167:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3113:
3106:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3071:
3067:
3056:
3052:
3041:
3037:
3026:www.youtube.com
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2871:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2813:
2809:
2800:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2767:The Daily Beast
2759:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2723:
2713:Washington Post
2705:
2701:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2462:
2458:
2427:10.7560/IC48108
2407:
2403:
2368:
2364:
2351:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2224:"Secret Police"
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2090:Pulitzer Center
2084:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1977:Wayback Machine
1968:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1822:Washington Post
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1781:
1777:
1757:
1753:
1737:W. G. Beasley,
1736:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1664:Hong Kong Watch
1658:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1548:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1415:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1305:"Secret police"
1303:
1302:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1055:
983:
967:Delcy Rodríguez
960:Vice Presidents
932:
910:
894:
863:
858:
834:J. Edgar Hoover
825:wrote that the
823:Harry S. Truman
806:and engaged in
772:
744:Truman Doctrine
740:
693:
688:
672:Operation Trust
613:
607:
587:
567:House of Terror
563:
541:Russia and the
490:
438:
423:In Taiwan, the
421:
405:
373:
345:
337:Hong Kong Watch
323:in the current
282:
269:People's Police
217:
212:
196:
176:
168:2011 revolution
132:
127:
122:
114:Main articles:
110:
62:liaison officer
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3890:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Security guard
3755:
3750:
3748:Prison officer
3745:
3740:
3738:Police officer
3735:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3628:Transit police
3625:
3620:
3615:
3613:Special police
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3573:Private police
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:Highway patrol
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Company police
3520:
3515:
3513:Capitol police
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Airport police
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3304:Czechoslovakia
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3128:External links
3126:
3123:
3122:
3104:
3083:
3065:
3050:
3035:
3013:
2986:
2955:
2923:
2898:
2865:
2834:
2807:
2793:. 2017-05-02.
2778:
2753:
2732:
2699:
2692:
2672:
2648:
2624:
2595:
2562:
2537:
2526:The New Yorker
2512:
2505:
2485:
2478:
2472:. p. 60.
2456:
2401:
2362:
2329:
2298:
2291:
2271:
2239:
2215:
2191:
2174:
2150:
2126:
2101:
2077:
2070:
2052:
2045:
2027:
2020:
2002:
1989:
1962:
1938:
1909:10.1086/600440
1903:(4): 654–694.
1883:
1872:Mathieu Deflem
1859:
1841:
1808:
1775:
1751:
1730:
1719:www.awm.gov.au
1707:
1676:
1651:
1627:
1602:
1577:
1566:on 2 June 2014
1546:
1525:(6): 797–816.
1502:
1477:
1460:Bishop, Bill.
1452:
1428:
1413:
1395:
1362:
1338:
1327:news.bbc.co.uk
1314:
1296:
1288:Juan José Linz
1280:
1258:
1238:978-0691224473
1237:
1219:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:Secret Service
1179:
1177:Thought Police
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1054:
1051:
1028:kangaroo court
982:
979:
930:Guasina Island
909:
906:
893:
890:
862:
859:
857:
854:
808:jury tampering
771:
768:
739:
736:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:under Stalin.
624:Russian Empire
606:
603:
586:
583:
562:
559:
489:
486:
482:Tsarist Russia
437:
434:
420:
417:
404:
401:
397:Imperial Japan
375:In Japan, the
372:
369:
344:
341:
294:anti-communist
290:Special Branch
281:
278:
250:Yongle Emperor
235:Hongwu Emperor
216:
213:
211:
208:
195:
192:
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172:
155:regular police
143:regular police
131:
128:
126:
123:
109:
106:
45:Vladimir Putin
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3889:
3878:
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3868:
3865:
3863:
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3855:
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3843:
3842:Secret police
3840:
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3822:
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3815:
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3807:
3805:
3802:
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3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:Bail bondsman
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:Bounty hunter
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
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3647:
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3604:
3603:Secret police
3601:
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3594:
3591:
3589:
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3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Postal police
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:County police
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Campus police
3501:
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3198:
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3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
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3170:Secret police
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3094:
3086:
3084:1-893554-66-X
3080:
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3017:
3001:
2997:
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2974:
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2942:Fundacionciev
2939:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2855:on 2015-04-05
2854:
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2634:
2628:
2614:on 2019-12-05
2613:
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2377:
2376:Cuban Studies
2373:
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2347:
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2314:
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2292:9780809001217
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2023:
2017:
2013:
2006:
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1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1952:
1948:
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1930:
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1779:
1772:
1771:0-07-030612-5
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:Edwin P. Hoyt
1755:
1748:
1747:0-312-04077-6
1744:
1740:
1734:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1697:on 2010-01-21
1696:
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1661:
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1641:
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1414:9780774819558
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1142:High policing
1140:
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1128:
1125:
1123:
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1061:writes that:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:assassination
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
991:
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978:
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856:South America
853:
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770:United States
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686:North America
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Third Section
625:
621:
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612:
602:
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596:
592:
582:
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576:
572:
568:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
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536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
516:the Holocaust
513:
509:
508:
503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
475:
474:
473:Geheimpolizei
469:
465:
464:
459:
455:
447:
442:
433:
430:
426:
416:
414:
410:
400:
398:
394:
390:
387:known as the
386:
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
340:
338:
334:
333:pro-democracy
330:
326:
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315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
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266:
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254:police states
251:
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236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
207:
205:
201:
191:
189:
185:
181:
171:
169:
165:
164:War on Terror
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
121:
117:
112:
105:
102:
98:
97:authoritarian
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Secret police
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
36:
34:
33:Secret Police
19:
18:Secret Police
3794:Border guard
3664:Border guard
3633:Water police
3618:State police
3602:
3322:East Germany
3215:Soviet Union
3190:Iron Curtain
3174:Eastern Bloc
3169:
3116:
3074:
3068:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3025:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3002:(in Spanish)
2999:
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2973:the original
2968:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2944:(in Spanish)
2941:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:
2901:
2890:. Retrieved
2878:
2868:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:the original
2846:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2820:
2810:
2799:. Retrieved
2790:
2781:
2770:. Retrieved
2766:
2756:
2745:. Retrieved
2735:
2724:. Retrieved
2712:
2702:
2682:
2675:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2640:. Retrieved
2636:
2627:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2607:
2598:
2587:. Retrieved
2575:
2565:
2554:. Retrieved
2551:Deseret News
2550:
2540:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2495:
2488:
2465:
2459:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2355:– via
2350:. Retrieved
2332:
2321:. Retrieved
2310:
2301:
2282:The Real CIA
2281:
2274:
2263:. Retrieved
2254:The Guardian
2252:
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2218:
2207:. Retrieved
2203:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2139:BBC Bitesize
2138:
2129:
2118:. Retrieved
2114:
2104:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2061:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1996:Gary Bruce,
1992:
1980:
1965:
1954:. Retrieved
1951:BBC Bitesize
1950:
1941:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1854:
1833:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1762:
1754:
1738:
1733:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:
1710:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
1688:
1679:
1668:. Retrieved
1666:. 2022-02-14
1663:
1654:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1559:
1549:
1522:
1518:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1491:greatcharlie
1490:
1480:
1469:. Retrieved
1466:sinocism.com
1465:
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:
1431:
1404:
1398:
1387:. Retrieved
1375:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1274:
1228:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:
1172:Police state
1073:
1064:
1056:
1036:East Germany
1024:public trial
1017:
994:
984:
949:
926:assassinated
911:
895:
875:
864:
844:
839:
820:
804:Ku Klux Klan
785:
741:
709:
694:
640:Soviet Union
618:implemented
614:
588:
564:
543:Soviet Union
527:East Germany
523:World War II
520:
505:
497:
494:Nazi Germany
491:
471:
462:
451:
422:
406:
374:
346:
318:
296:squad under
283:
258:
243:
231:Ming dynasty
224:
218:
197:
177:
145:. After the
133:
111:
101:totalitarian
81:intelligence
72:
68:
67:
32:
3799:Coast guard
3773:Vigilantism
3768:Thief-taker
3706:Gendarmerie
3686:Coast guard
3598:Riot police
3558:Park police
3538:Fire police
3200:Berlin Wall
2912:CNN Digital
2382:: 118–138.
2228:www.loc.gov
1763:Japan's War
1441:www.ojp.gov
1162:McCarthyism
1127:Death squad
1013:rule of law
986:Ilan Berman
950:During the
933: [
876:During the
865:During the
788:Mississippi
780:Rudolf Abel
742:During the
680:Great Purge
666:during the
403:South Korea
357:Abbasid era
349:Middle East
49:East German
3836:Categories
3790:Templates:
3733:Parapolice
3681:City guard
3404:Yugoslavia
3000:El Impulso
2917:2021-02-09
2892:2021-02-09
2859:2021-02-09
2821:InfoEscola
2801:2021-02-09
2772:2021-02-09
2747:2021-02-09
2726:2021-02-09
2666:2021-02-09
2642:2021-02-09
2618:2021-02-09
2589:2021-02-09
2556:2021-02-09
2531:2021-02-09
2421:(1): 142.
2352:2021-02-09
2323:2021-02-09
2265:2021-06-07
2257:. Havana.
2233:2021-02-09
2209:2021-02-09
2168:2021-02-09
2144:2021-02-09
2120:2021-02-09
2095:2021-02-09
2046:0582414229
1956:2021-02-09
1877:2020-10-26
1835:2021-02-09
1802:2021-02-09
1765:, p. 113.
1741:, p. 184,
1724:2021-02-09
1701:2021-02-09
1670:2024-02-03
1645:2024-02-03
1621:2024-02-03
1596:2024-02-03
1570:21 January
1496:2023-10-16
1471:2023-10-16
1446:2023-10-16
1389:2021-02-09
1356:2021-02-09
1332:2021-02-09
1188:References
1104:Law portal
1044:Portuguese
1032:show trial
847:COINTELPRO
782:by the FBI
778:Arrest of
726:under the
710:Under the
668:Red Terror
620:Oprichnina
609:See also:
569:museum in
551:Zersetzung
93:dissidents
3691:Constable
3659:Bodyguard
3093:cite book
2887:0362-4331
2721:0190-8286
2584:0362-4331
2451:144408708
2435:2164-8034
2388:0361-4441
1933:154408648
1917:0022-2801
1830:0190-8286
1797:0362-4331
1423:758370695
1384:0362-4331
1247:cite book
1067:autocrats
908:Venezuela
841:officers.
695:In Cuba,
539:communist
531:socialist
389:Tokkeitai
377:Kenpeitai
280:Hong Kong
245:dongchang
221:East Asia
147:1952 coup
3778:Watchman
3286:Bulgaria
3030:Archived
3006:20 March
2979:20 March
2969:Amnistia
2948:20 March
2827:8 August
2795:Archived
2443:43737455
2396:24486170
2346:Archived
2317:Archived
2259:Archived
1973:Archived
1541:73533752
1212:15 April
1207:Fox News
1090:See also
922:tortured
831:Director
814:and the
750:created
593:and the
571:Budapest
470:and the
456:and the
361:Abbasids
226:jinyiwei
194:Zimbabwe
85:security
3872:Secrecy
3804:Customs
3763:Sheriff
3721:Officer
3654:Bailiff
3642:Related
3386:Romania
3340:Hungary
3268:Albania
1970:Gestapo
1925:1881013
1137:Gestapo
1112:Chekism
1053:Control
1030:-style
1004:torture
829:(under
632:Okhrana
597:(RSI),
589:In the
561:Hungary
502:Gestapo
488:Germany
478:Prussia
468:Austria
347:In the
108:History
3485:Police
3363:Poland
3081:
2885:
2719:
2690:
2582:
2503:
2476:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2394:
2386:
2289:
2187:passim
2115:DW.COM
2068:
2043:
2018:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1828:
1795:
1769:
1745:
1590:Now 新聞
1539:
1421:
1411:
1382:
1235:
1042:) and
1006:, and
924:, and
916:, the
861:Brazil
790:, the
738:Mexico
714:, the
658:, and
638:, the
605:Russia
504:) and
436:Europe
419:Taiwan
353:Shurta
288:, the
223:, the
182:, the
180:Uganda
174:Uganda
125:Africa
77:police
75:) are
56:Soviet
35:(film)
3814:Types
3185:Gulag
2743:. PBS
2447:S2CID
2439:JSTOR
2392:JSTOR
1929:S2CID
1921:JSTOR
1537:S2CID
1515:(PDF)
1040:Stasi
971:SEBIN
937:]
892:Chile
764:CISEN
756:DISEN
644:Cheka
585:Italy
547:Stasi
393:Tokkō
371:Japan
325:HKSAR
215:China
135:Egypt
130:Egypt
83:, or
52:Stasi
3475:List
3099:link
3079:ISBN
3008:2021
2981:2021
2950:2021
2883:ISSN
2829:2021
2717:ISSN
2688:ISBN
2580:ISSN
2501:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2431:ISSN
2384:ISSN
2287:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1913:ISSN
1826:ISSN
1793:ISSN
1767:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1572:2013
1419:OCLC
1409:ISBN
1380:ISSN
1253:link
1233:ISBN
1214:2023
1167:NKVD
1076:coup
1047:PIDE
965:and
954:and
896:The
691:Cuba
656:NKGB
652:NKVD
648:OGPU
599:OVRA
565:The
407:The
343:Iraq
319:The
312:and
259:The
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