860:
statistical tests. Multiple responses for a single target cannot be evaluated using statistical tests that assume independence of responses. This increases the likelihood of card counting and, in turn, increases the chances for the subject to guess correctly without using ESP. Another methodological flaw involves cues through sensory leakage, for example, when the subject receives a visual cue. This could be the reflection of a Zener card in the holder's glasses. In this case, the subject is able to guess the card correctly because they can see it in the reflection, not because of ESP. Finally, poor randomization of target stimuli could be happening. Poor shuffling methods can make the orders of the cards easier to predict, or the cards could have been marked and manipulated, again, making it easier to predict which cards come next. The results of a meta-analysis found that when these errors were corrected and accounted for, there was still no significant effect of ESP. Many of the studies only appeared to have significant occurrence of ESP, when in fact, this result was due to the many methodological errors in the research.
1332:
administering the test. Subjects could see the backs of cards that were later discovered to be so cheaply printed that a faint outline of the symbol could be seen. Furthermore, in face-to-face tests, subjects could see card faces reflected in the tester’s eyeglasses or cornea. They were even able to (consciously or unconsciously) pick up clues from the tester’s facial expression and voice inflection. In addition, an observant subject could identify the cards by certain irregularities like warped edges, spots on the backs, or design imperfections."
719:
1700:"Transmission of information through space requires transfer of energy from one place to another. Telepathy requires transmission of an energy-carrying signal directly from one mind to another. All descriptions of ESP imply violations of conservation of energy in one way or another, as well as violations of all the principles of information theory and even of the principle of causality. Strict application of physical principles requires us to say that ESP is impossible."
2593:
1306:. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 43, No. 4. pp. 623–634. "Investigating Rhine's methods, we find that his mathematical methods are wrong and that the effect of this error would in some cases be negligible and in others very marked. We find that many of his experiments were set up in a manner which would tend to increase, instead of to diminish, the possibility of systematic clerical errors; and lastly, that the ESP cards can be read from the back."
708:
2605:
1379:. "Today, researchers discount the first decade of Rhine's work with Zener cards. Stimulus leakage or cheating could account for all his findings. Slight indentations on the backs of cards revealed the symbols embossed on card faces. Subjects could see and hear the experimenter, and note subtle but revealing facial expressions or changes in breathing."
1331:
in which he suggested that something more than mere guess work was involved in his experiments. He was right! It is now known that the experiments conducted in his laboratory contained serious methodological flaws. Tests often took place with minimal or no screening between the subject and the person
769:
with 132 subjects produced 25,064 trials in a playing card ESP experiment. Cox concluded "There is no evidence of extrasensory perception either in the 'average man' or of the group investigated or in any particular individual of that group. The discrepancy between these results and those obtained by
756:
In a telepathy experiment, the "sender" looks at a series of cards while the "receiver" guesses the symbols. To try to observe clairvoyance, the pack of cards is hidden from everyone while the receiver guesses. To try to observe precognition, the order of the cards is determined after the guesses are
1521:
The essential problem is that a large portion of the scientific community, including most research psychologists, regards parapsychology as a pseudoscience, due largely to its failure to move beyond null results in the way science usually does. Ordinarily, when experimental evidence fails repeatedly
854:
There are many criticisms pertaining to experiments involving extrasensory perception, particularly surrounding methodological flaws. These flaws are not unique to a single experimental design, and are effective in discrediting much of the positive research surrounding ESP. Many of the flaws seen in
785:
In the 1960s, parapsychologists became increasingly interested in the cognitive components of ESP, the subjective experience involved in making ESP responses, and the role of ESP in psychological life. This called for experimental procedures that were not limited to Rhine's favored forced-choice
859:
experiment are present in the
Ganzfeld experiment as well. First is the stacking effect, an error that occurs in ESP research. Trial-by-trial feedback given in studies using a "closed" ESP target sequence (e.g., a deck of cards) violates the condition of independence used for most standard
1768:"Mainstream science is on the whole very dubious about ESP, and the only way that most scientists will be persuaded is by a demonstration that can be generally reproduced by neutral or even skeptical scientists. This is something that parapsychology has never succeeded in producing."
905:
has written that the ignorance of blindfold deception methods has been widespread in investigations into objects at remote locations from persons who claim to possess second sight. Gardner documented various conjuring techniques psychics such as Rosa
Kuleshova, Lina Anderson and
1655:"Extrasensory perception and psychokinesis fail to fulfill the requirements of the scientific method. They therefore must remain pseudoscientific concepts until methodological flaws in their study are eliminated, and repeatable data supporting their existence are obtained."
1522:
to support a hypothesis, that hypothesis is abandoned. Within parapsychology, however, more than a century of experimentation has failed even to conclusively demonstrate the mere existence of paranormal phenomenon, yet parapsychologists continue to pursue that elusive goal.
1356:"The procedural errors in the Rhine experiments have been extremely damaging to his claims to have demonstrated the existence of ESP. Equally damaging has been the fact that the results have not replicated when the experiments have been conducted in other laboratories."
777:
wrote that much of the evidence for extrasensory perception collected by Rhine and other parapsychologists was anecdotal, biased, dubious and the result of "faulty observation and familiar human frailties". Rhine's experiments were discredited due to the discovery that
977:(pronounced "dah-haloo"), often translated as "second sight", literally means "two sights". It refers to the ability to see apparitions of both the living and the dead. The taibshear (pronounced "tysher") is the seer who specializes in observing the energy double (
1634:"When an experiment can't be repeated and get the same result, this tends to show that the result was due to some error in experimental procedure, rather than some real causal process. ESP experiments simply have not turned up any repeatable paranormal phenomena."
826:
is the study of paranormal psychic phenomena, including ESP. Parapsychology has been criticized for continuing investigation despite being unable to provide convincing evidence for the existence of any psychic phenomena after more than a century of research. The
764:
The parapsychology experiments at Duke evoked criticism from academics and others who challenged the concepts and evidence of ESP. A number of psychological departments attempted, unsuccessfully, to repeat Rhine's experiments. W. S. Cox (1936) from
744:
conducted an investigation into extrasensory perception. While Louisa Rhine concentrated on collecting accounts of spontaneous cases, J. B. Rhine worked largely in the laboratory, carefully defining terms such as ESP and
850:
have pointed out that there is no viable theory to explain the mechanism behind ESP, and that there are historical cases in which flaws have been discovered in the experimental design of parapsychological studies.
3703:
782:
or cheating could account for all his results such as the subject being able to read the symbols from the back of the cards and being able to see and hear the experimenter to note subtle clues.
1721:"After thousands of experiments, no reproducible ESP phenomenon has ever been discovered, nor has any researcher produced any individual who can convincingly demonstrate psychic ability."
1676:"There exists no good scientific evidence for the existence of paranormal phenomena such as ESP. To be acceptable to the scientific community, evidence must be both valid and reliable."
770:
Rhine is due either to uncontrollable factors in experimental procedure or to the difference in the subjects." Four other psychological departments failed to replicate Rhine's results.
797:
Second sight may have originally been so called because normal vision was regarded as coming first, while supernormal vision is a secondary thing, confined to certain individuals.
985:("broo-e-tar"). The bruadaraiche ("broo-e-taracher") is more than a dreamer in the common sense; he or she is the kind of dreamer who can see into the past or the future."
2337:
831:
rejects ESP due to the absence of an evidence base, the lack of a theory which would explain ESP and the lack of positive experimental results; it considers ESP to be
319:
805:
refer to "second sight", the involuntary ability of seeing the future or distant events. There are many Gaelic words for the various aspects of second sight, but
314:
809:
is the one mostly recognized by non-Gaelic speakers, even though, strictly speaking, it does not really mean second sight, but rather "two sights".
2357:
1804:
125, 387–191. Meta-analysis of parapsychological research over ten years following agreement on methodological criteria by proponents and skeptics.
898:
as a fraud. Argamasilla peeked through his simple blindfold and lifted the edge of the box, so he could look inside it without others noticing.
753:– now called ESP cards. They bear the symbols circle, square, wavy lines, cross, and star. There are five of each type of card in a pack of 25.
695:). There is no evidence that second sight exists. Reports of second sight are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as
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Milton, J. & Wiseman, R. (1999). "Does psi exist? Lack of replication of an anomalous process of information transfer".
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have used to peek from their blindfolds to deceive investigators into believing they used second sight.
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is an alleged form of extrasensory perception, whereby a person perceives information, in the form of a
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878:, known as the "Spaniard with X-ray Eyes", claimed to be able to read handwriting or numbers on
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and designing experiments to test them. A simple set of cards was developed, originally called
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ability pertaining to reception of information not gained through the recognized physical
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1645:
Quantum Leaps in the Wrong
Direction: Where Real Science Ends... and Pseudoscience Begins
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50:
1434:
Give the Null
Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi
1317:
Quantum Leaps in the Wrong
Direction: Where Real Science Ends...and Pseudoscience Begins
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Pseudoscience and
Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit
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3704:
An
Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
1735:"Psychic drift: Why most scientists do not believe in ESP and psi phenomena"
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1461:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 570.
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1976:
1412:. In Robert J. Sternberg, Henry L. Roediger, Diane F. Halpern. (2007).
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58:
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2301:
1941:
Extrasensory
Deception: ESP, Psychics, Shirley MacLaine, Ghosts, UFOs
1263:
Critique of the premises of statistical methodology of parapsychology
928:
646:
642:
638:
287:
117:
77:
1820:
Final SĂ©ance: The
Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle
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157:
147:
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1171:
The New Apocrypha: A Guide to Strange Sciences and Occult Beliefs
891:
801:
or "the two sights", meaning "the sight of the seer", is the way
666:
635:
502:
297:
222:
182:
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714:
were first used in the 1930s for experimental research into ESP.
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419:
187:
92:
1779:
3000:
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623:
197:
1999:
The Reality of ESP: a physicist's proof of psychic abilities
2338:
Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
879:
359:
1147:
Skeptical – a Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
27:
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
1005:
Noel Sheehy; Antony J. Chapman; Wendy A. Conroy (2002).
882:
through closed metal boxes. Argamasilla managed to fool
1537:. Science New Series, Vol. 201, No. 4351. pp. 131–136.
1149:. Canberra, Australia: Canberra Skeptics. p. 28.
2017:
Deception and Self-Deception: Investigating Psychics
1924:
ESP, Seers & Psychics: What the Occult Really Is
1777:
626:, but sensed with the mind. The term was adopted by
2444:
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
1906:
Debunked! ESP, Telekinesis, and Other Pseudoscience
37:"Second sight" redirects here. For other uses, see
691:), or about things or events at remote locations (
2550:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
1664:Zechmeister, Eugene B; Johnson, James E. (1992).
1256:An experimental study of extra-sensory perception
3790:
2358:International Association for Near-Death Studies
1878:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 225–243.
1258:. Masters thesis. Southern Methodist University.
1191:ESP and Parapsychology: A Critical Re-evaluation
998:
1579:
2419:International Institute for Psychical Research
2662:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2637:
2449:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
2058:
1436:. Journal of Consciousness Studies 10: 29–50.
1213:. Journal of Experimental Psychology 12: 437.
939:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
584:
2557:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
1854:. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 215.
1643:Wynn, Charles M; Wiggins, Arthur W. (2001).
1471:
1315:Wynn, Charles M; Wiggins, Arthur W. (2001).
1904:, Henri Broch, and Bart K. Holland (2004).
1416:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 216–231.
863:
842:does not view extrasensory perception as a
786:methodology. Such procedures have included
2644:
2630:
2065:
2051:
819:Parapsychology § Scientific reception
687:, about future events before they happen (
591:
577:
3770:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
3711:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
2434:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
1329:Extrasensory Perception After Sixty Years
2571:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
1876:Are Universes Thicker Than Blackberries?
1813:
1666:Critical Thinking: A Functional Approach
1445:
1388:Marks, David; Kammann, Richard. (2000).
1261:Heinlein, C. P; Heinlein, J. H. (1938).
794:(a mild sensory deprivation procedure).
717:
706:
3675:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
2333:American Society for Psychical Research
1870:
1626:. University Press of America. p. 227.
1265:. Journal of Parapsychology 5: 135–148.
1251:. Journal of Parapsychology 2: 232–236.
1033:"CRYPTAESTHESIA definition and meaning"
1011:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 409–.
14:
3791:
1981:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
1852:Adventures in Paranormal Investigation
1494:
1488:
1474:"Scottish dreaming: an ancestral call"
1249:A summary of some negative experiments
1235:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
1101:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia
669:and their trans-temporal operation as
2625:
2046:
1304:Extra-Sensory Perception: What Is It?
1227:The Search for a Demonstration of ESP
1093:
1008:Biographical Dictionary of Psychology
757:made. Later he used dice to test for
375:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
2604:
2348:Institut MĂ©tapsychique International
1959:"Extrasensory Perception: A Problem"
1535:Statistical Problems in ESP Research
2038:FBI file on Extrasensory perception
1498:Popular psychology: an encyclopedia
1410:Evaluating Parapsychological Claims
1327:"In 1940, Rhine coauthored a book,
894:powers. In 1924, he was exposed by
24:
3724:James Randi Educational Foundation
2409:British College of Psychic Science
2072:
1895:
1758:The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal
365:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
3825:
2651:
2578:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
2522:Journal of Scientific Exploration
2031:
1713:. Yale University Press. p. 233.
1690:A Physicist's Guide to Skepticism
1563:. Prometheus Books. pp. 117–145.
1272:. Journal of Psychology 18: 3–13.
1270:Further card-guessing experiments
1237:. Prometheus Books. pp. 105–127.
3121:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3099:Moon landing conspiracy theories
2896:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
2603:
2592:
2591:
1746:Retrieved February 25, 2019.
1711:Intuition: Its Powers and Perils
1561:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
1392:. Prometheus Books. pp. 97–106.
1346:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
1290:. The American Scholar 8: 13–22.
1193:. Prometheus Books. pp. 86–122.
3749:The Natural History of Quackery
3691:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1965:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
1864:
1841:
1807:
1794:
1780:"ESP (extrasensory perception)"
1771:
1750:
1724:
1703:
1679:
1668:. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co. p. 115.
1658:
1637:
1624:Critical Thinking: Step by Step
1616:
1596:
1582:"ESP (extrasensory perception)"
1573:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1465:
1439:
1426:
1414:Critical Thinking in Psychology
1402:
1382:
1359:
1335:
1309:
1293:
1277:
1216:
967:
350:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2439:Oxford Phasmatological Society
2429:Metropolitan Psychical Society
2383:Society for Psychical Research
2207:Parapsychology research at SRI
1647:. Joseph Henry Press. p. 165.
1319:. Joseph Henry Press. p. 156.
1203:
1183:
1163:
1123:
1087:
1069:
1051:
1025:
890:into believing he had genuine
32:Extrasensory Perception (book)
13:
1:
2508:Journal of Near-Death Studies
2368:Parapsychological Association
2217:Plant perception (paranormal)
1823:. Prometheus Books. pp.
1778:Carroll, Robert Todd (2005).
1548:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1390:The Psychology of the Psychic
992:
812:
304:Reportedly haunted locations:
3756:The Psychology of the Occult
3011:Traditional Chinese medicine
2886:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
2743:Superseded scientific theory
2404:American Psychical Institute
2363:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
2353:Institute of Noetic Sciences
1908:. Johns Hopkins University.
1760:. Prometheus Books. p. 249.
1692:. Prometheus Books. p. 193.
1602:Goldstein, Bruce E. (2010).
1348:. Prometheus Books. p. 122.
7:
3367:Electronic voice phenomenon
3224:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3084:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2142:Electronic voice phenomenon
1365:Smith, Jonathan C. (2009).
913:
874:In the early 20th century,
143:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
3830:
3763:The Ragged Edge of Science
3494:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3437:Pseudoscientific metrology
2961:Miracle Mineral Supplement
2470:Skeptics of parapsychology
2424:London Dialectical Society
2343:College of Psychic Studies
1782:. The Skeptic's Dictionary
1604:Encyclopedia of Perception
1268:Willoughby, R. R. (1938).
1037:Collins English Dictionary
981:). A dream or vision is a
867:
816:
773:In 1938, the psychologist
702:
36:
29:
3683:
3647:
3474:
3377:Facilitated communication
3307:
3237:
3041:
2776:
2763:
2668:
2659:
2587:
2515:Journal of Parapsychology
2478:
2465:List of parapsychologists
2457:
2396:
2373:Parapsychology Foundation
2325:
2089:
2080:
1533:Diaconis, Persi. (1978).
1501:. Westport, Connecticut:
1254:Crumbaugh, J. C. (1938).
1189:Hansel, C. E. M. (1980).
949:Outline of parapsychology
934:List of psychic abilities
876:Joaquin MarĂa Argamasilla
3777:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3335:Biological transmutation
3255:Faster-than-light travel
3229:Enneagram of Personality
3195:Recovered-memory therapy
3079:9/11 conspiracy theories
2564:The Roots of Coincidence
2127:Dermo-optical perception
1926:. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
1559:Hines, Terence. (2003).
1495:CordĂłn, Luis A. (2005).
1173:. Panther. pp. 172–174.
1063:wordnetweb.princeton.edu
960:
870:Dermo-optical perception
864:Dermo-optical perception
415:Apparitional experiences
3742:The Demon-Haunted World
3660:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3094:COVID-19 misinformation
3033:Young blood transfusion
2804:Anthroposophic medicine
2494:Extrasensory Perception
2487:An Experiment with Time
2414:Cambridge Ghost Society
2147:Extrasensory perception
2097:Apparitional experience
1943:. Macmillan of Canada.
1756:Stein, Gordon. (1996).
1622:Cogan, Robert. (1998).
1584:. Skeptic's Dictionary!
1458:Encyclopædia Britannica
1432:Alcock, James. (2003).
922:Extrasensory Perception
604:Extrasensory perception
473:Argument from ignorance
440:Out-of-body experiences
153:Extrasensory perception
3804:Paranormal terminology
3574:Corentin Louis Kervran
3442:Rapid prompting method
3330:Biodynamic agriculture
3320:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3178:Historical negationism
2881:Doctrine of signatures
2748:True-believer syndrome
2192:Out-of-body experience
1802:Psychological Bulletin
1709:Myers, David. (2004).
1169:Sladek, John. (1974).
1059:"WordNet Search - 3.1"
729:
715:
498:Communal reinforcement
3579:The Light (newspaper)
3564:William Donald Kelley
3457:Voice stress analysis
3089:Climate change denial
3028:Wind turbine syndrome
3023:Vertebral subluxation
2916:Germ theory denialism
2397:Defunct organizations
2378:Rhine Research Center
2182:Near-death experience
1920:Milbourne Christopher
1606:. Sage. pp. 411–413.
1580:Robert Todd Carroll.
1472:Moss, Robert (2015).
1105:. Greenwood. p.
844:scientific phenomenon
790:experiments, and the
721:
710:
478:Argumentum ad populum
410:Anomalous experiences
390:Scientific skepticism
208:Paranormal television
3569:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
3529:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3200:Past life regression
3059:Arabian Judah theory
3006:Traditional medicine
2799:Alternative medicine
2728:Pathological science
2326:Active organizations
2212:Past life regression
2019:. Prometheus Press.
1983:. Prometheus Books.
1452:"Second Sight"
1247:Adam, E. T. (1938).
1211:An experiment in ESP
954:Superpower (ability)
840:scientific consensus
829:scientific community
792:ganzfeld experiments
767:Princeton University
493:Cognitive dissonance
488:Begging the question
435:Ideomotor phenomenon
3665:Demarcation problem
3499:Brigitte Boisselier
3128:Hollow Earth theory
3111:Generational theory
2809:Applied kinesiology
2162:Kirlian photography
2152:Ganzfeld experiment
1739:Scientific American
1371:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1288:ESP, House of Cards
1209:Cox, W. S. (1936).
736:in North Carolina,
610:), also known as a
543:Scientific evidence
385:Scientific literacy
3735:Skeptical Inquirer
3634:Paul Joseph Watson
3609:Hans Alfred Nieper
3447:Statement analysis
3397:Intelligent design
3272:Reactionless drive
3106:Conversion therapy
3054:Ancient astronauts
2941:Leaky gut syndrome
2921:HIV/AIDS denialism
2676:Cargo cult science
2122:Deathbed phenomena
1686:Rothman, Milton A.
730:
716:
253:Spirit photography
203:Paranormal fiction
128:Demonic possession
30:For the book, see
3786:
3785:
3697:Cults of Unreason
3670:Scientific method
3599:Ministry of Ayush
3544:Nicholas Gonzalez
3470:
3469:
3407:Law of attraction
3387:Flat Earth theory
3267:Quantum mysticism
3207:Scientific racism
3163:Pseudoarchaeology
3069:Conspiracy theory
2767:characterized as
2711:Pseudomathematics
2701:Pseudoarchaeology
2619:
2618:
2237:Psychic detective
2197:Pam Reynolds case
2102:Astral projection
2025:978-1-57392-121-3
2007:978-0-8356-0884-8
1971:978-0-898-59017-3
1815:Polidoro, Massimo
1698:978-0-87975-440-2
1612:978-1-4129-4081-8
1516:978-0-313-32457-4
1325:978-0-309-07309-7
1156:978-0-7316-5794-0
1116:978-0-313-35507-3
1018:978-0-415-28561-2
732:In the 1930s, at
601:
600:
548:Scientific method
258:Spirit possession
73:Astral projection
16:(Redirected from
3821:
3639:Andrew Wakefield
3340:Creation science
3299:Water-fueled car
3261:Perpetual motion
3183:Holocaust denial
3153:Nibiru cataclysm
3148:Nazi archaeology
2951:Macrobiotic diet
2774:
2773:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2536:Life Before Life
2501:Irreducible Mind
2067:
2060:
2053:
2044:
2043:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1862:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1811:
1805:
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1748:
1747:
1731:Shermer, Michael
1728:
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1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:. Beliefnet, Inc
1469:
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1437:
1430:
1424:
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1380:
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1300:Harold Gulliksen
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1002:
986:
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593:
586:
579:
483:Bandwagon effect
380:Pseudoskepticism
370:Magical thinking
46:
45:
21:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3679:
3655:Bogdanov affair
3643:
3623:Claude Vorilhon
3509:Robert Charroux
3484:Sucharit Bhakdi
3476:
3466:
3303:
3233:
3173:Genocide denial
3138:Japhetic theory
3133:Indigo children
3049:2012 phenomenon
3037:
2981:Patent medicine
2901:Energy medicine
2874:Colon cleansing
2859:Crystal healing
2794:Adrenal fatigue
2768:
2766:
2759:
2664:
2655:
2650:
2620:
2615:
2583:
2529:Life After Life
2474:
2453:
2392:
2321:
2282:Sensory leakage
2247:Psychic surgery
2242:Psychic reading
2172:Materialization
2132:Dream telepathy
2085:
2076:
2071:
2034:
2013:Richard Wiseman
2001:. Quest Books.
1902:Georges Charpak
1898:
1896:Further reading
1893:
1886:
1872:Gardner, Martin
1869:
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1503:Greenwood Press
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1224:C. E. M. Hansel
1221:
1217:
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1188:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1145:, eds. (1989).
1128:
1124:
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1092:
1088:
1083:. 16 June 2024.
1081:Merriam-Webster
1075:
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1040:
1039:. 11 March 2024
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989:
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958:
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901:Science writer
872:
866:
821:
815:
807:an dĂ shealladh
799:An dĂ shealladh
788:dream telepathy
780:sensory leakage
742:Louisa E. Rhine
734:Duke University
705:
628:Duke University
618:, is a claimed
597:
568:
567:
463:
455:
454:
425:False awakening
405:
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228:Psychic reading
163:Fortune-telling
103:Close encounter
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3648:Related topics
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3629:Randolph Stone
3626:
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3604:Theodor Morell
3601:
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3594:Joseph Mercola
3591:
3589:Jenny McCarthy
3586:
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3561:
3556:
3554:Graham Hancock
3551:
3549:Goop (company)
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3524:Vernon Coleman
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3289:Teleportation‎
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3217:Melanin theory
3214:
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3158:Parapsychology
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3042:Social science
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2991:Primal therapy
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2956:Magnet therapy
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2869:Detoxification
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2757:
2754:Voodoo Science
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2740:
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2720:
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2714:
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2703:
2698:
2696:Fringe science
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2307:Thoughtography
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2272:Retrocognition
2269:
2267:Remote viewing
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2032:External links
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2010:
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1974:
1963:Essays on Mind
1952:
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1860:978-0813124674
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1449:, ed. (1911).
1447:Chisholm, Hugh
1438:
1425:
1422:978-0521608343
1401:
1381:
1377:978-1405181228
1358:
1342:Hines, Terence
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1284:Joseph Jastrow
1276:
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1199:978-0879751203
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1131:Donald Laycock
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1077:"second sight"
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888:Charles Richet
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693:remote viewing
675:retrocognition
663:clairsentience
616:cryptaesthesia
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2706:Pseudohistory
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2691:Fringe theory
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1995:Targ, Russell
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1989:0-87975-300-5
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833:pseudoscience
830:
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759:psychokinesis
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740:and his wife
739:
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723:Hubert Pearce
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238:Reincarnation
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218:Preternatural
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67:Main articles
64:
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52:
48:
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40:
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19:
3775:
3768:
3761:
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3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3584:Mike Lindell
3504:Rhonda Byrne
3475:Promoters of
3462:Water memory
3402:Laundry ball
3294:Tractor beam
3250:Cold fusion‎
2946:Lunar effect
2891:Ear candling
2839:Chiropractic
2829:Bloodletting
2819:Bates method
2789:Aromatherapy
2752:
2718:Junk science
2609:
2596:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2543:Mental Radio
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2479:Publications
2277:Second sight
2227:Precognition
2146:
2117:Clairvoyance
2016:
1998:
1980:
1962:
1940:
1937:Henry Gordon
1923:
1905:
1875:
1866:
1851:
1843:
1819:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1786:13 September
1784:. Retrieved
1773:
1757:
1752:
1741:
1738:
1726:
1710:
1705:
1689:
1681:
1665:
1660:
1644:
1639:
1623:
1618:
1603:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1575:
1560:
1555:
1550:10: 576–577.
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1497:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1467:
1456:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1413:
1409:
1408:Hyman, Ray.
1404:
1389:
1384:
1367:
1361:
1345:
1337:
1328:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
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1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1190:
1185:
1170:
1165:
1146:
1139:Colin Groves
1135:David Vernon
1125:
1100:
1095:Regal, Brian
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
1007:
1000:
982:
978:
975:da-shealladh
974:
969:
921:
900:
884:Gustav Geley
873:
853:
837:
822:
806:
798:
796:
784:
772:
763:
755:
746:
731:
689:precognition
681:Second sight
680:
679:
671:precognition
655:clairvoyance
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
563:Urban legend
553:Superstition
533:Protoscience
528:Junk science
468:Anomalistics
345:Cold reading
303:
302:
278:Supernatural
268:Spiritualism
263:Spirit world
213:Precognition
152:
98:Clairvoyance
43:
39:Second Sight
18:Second sight
3489:Del Bigtree
2976:Panchagavya
2966:Naturopathy
2834:Body memory
2784:Acupuncture
2669:Terminology
2317:Zener cards
2297:Telekinesis
2257:Pyrokinesis
2252:Psychometry
2222:Poltergeist
1955:Donald Hebb
1848:Joe Nickell
1143:Simon Brown
857:Zener cards
751:Zener cards
738:J. B. Rhine
727:J. B. Rhine
712:Zener cards
651:psychometry
632:J. B. Rhine
612:sixth sense
558:Uncertainty
283:Telekinesis
233:Psychometry
118:Conjuration
3793:Categories
3729:Quackwatch
3559:David Icke
3539:Max Gerson
3534:Gaia, Inc.
3422:Numerology
3417:Lysenkoism
3412:Levitation
3392:Graphology
3277:Dean drive
3212:Aryan race
3143:Mediumship
3018:Trepanning
2986:Phrenology
2926:Homeopathy
2824:Biorhythms
2723:Paranormal
2312:Xenoglossy
2202:Paranormal
2177:Mediumship
2167:Levitation
2112:Bilocation
2015:. (1997).
1977:Paul Kurtz
1850:. (2007).
1674:0534165966
1505:. p.
1344:. (2003).
1302:. (1938).
1286:. (1938).
1233:. (1985).
1231:Paul Kurtz
993:References
973:"The term
817:See also:
813:Skepticism
634:to denote
620:paranormal
518:Groupthink
338:Skepticism
273:Stone Tape
178:Mediumship
133:Demonology
88:Bilocation
59:Paranormal
3684:Resources
3614:Mehmet Oz
3432:Polygraph
3382:Feng shui
3350:Dianetics
3325:Astrology
3190:Pseudolaw
2996:Radionics
2971:Palmistry
2936:Iridology
2738:Snake oil
2681:Charlatan
2302:Telepathy
2137:Ectoplasm
1222:Cited in
929:Inner eye
647:telepathy
643:intuition
639:abilities
630:botanist
355:Debunking
288:Telepathy
138:Ectoplasm
108:Cold spot
78:Astrology
3372:Eugenics
3355:Auditing
2931:Humorism
2906:Fad diet
2854:Cryonics
2814:Ayurveda
2777:Medicine
2733:Quackery
2598:Category
1997:(2012).
1979:(1985).
1957:(1980).
1939:(1988).
1922:(1970).
1874:(2003).
1817:(2001).
1688:(1988).
1480:27 March
1097:(2009).
1043:11 March
914:See also
848:Skeptics
641:such as
523:Hypnosis
430:Hypnosis
158:Forteana
148:Exorcism
51:a series
49:Part of
3519:Clonaid
3452:Ufology
3362:Dowsing
3315:Alchemy
3282:EMDrive
3238:Physics
2864:Cupping
2765:Topics
2610:Commons
2232:Psychic
2083:Outline
1825:171–172
1733:(2003).
1588:23 June
983:bruadar
892:psychic
703:History
667:empathy
636:psychic
503:Fallacy
462:Related
298:Ufology
223:Psychic
183:Miracle
3427:Orgone
2458:People
2157:Ghosts
2090:Topics
2023:
2005:
1987:
1969:
1947:
1930:
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1831:
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1396:
1375:
1352:
1323:
1241:
1197:
1177:
1153:
1113:
1015:
979:taibhs
924:(book)
685:vision
624:senses
420:Empath
188:Occult
53:on the
3308:Other
3001:Reiki
2686:Crank
2107:Auras
1961:. In
1744:: 2.
961:Notes
944:Magic
803:Gaels
725:with
614:, or
325:World
310:India
198:Ouija
173:Magic
3619:Raël
2021:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1788:2006
1762:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1628:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1590:2007
1565:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1482:2016
1418:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1045:2024
1013:ISBN
886:and
880:dice
855:the
838:The
360:Hoax
83:Aura
2187:Orb
1742:288
1507:182
1229:in
1107:169
747:psi
673:or
608:ESP
193:Orb
3795::
1827:.
1737:.
1519:.
1509:.
1455:.
1141:;
1137:;
1133:;
1109:.
1079:.
1061:.
1035:.
846:.
835:.
761:.
699:.
677:.
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
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3621:(
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2027:.
2009:.
1991:.
1973:.
1951:.
1916:.
1888:.
1837:.
1790:.
1592:.
1484:.
1159:.
1119:.
1065:.
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606:(
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41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.