1576:, who wrote in his diary: "He is firmly convinced now that Disraeli has played us false, that he is attempting to hustle us into his measure, that Lord Derby is in his hands and that the present form which the question has now assumed has been long planned by him". They agreed to "a sort of offensive and defensive alliance on this question in the Cabinet" to "prevent the Cabinet adopting any very fatal course". Disraeli had "separate and confidential conversations...carried on with each member of the Cabinet from whom he anticipated opposition had divided them and lulled their suspicions". That same night Cranborne spent three hours studying Baxter's statistics and wrote to Carnarvon the day after that although Baxter was right overall in claiming that 30% of £10 ratepayers who qualified for the vote would not register, it would be untrue in relation to the smaller boroughs where the register is kept up to date. Cranborne also wrote to Derby arguing that he should adopt 10 shillings rather than Disraeli's 20 shillings for the qualification of the payers of direct taxation: "Now above 10 shillings you won't get in the large mass of the £20 householders. At 20 shillings I fear you won't get more than 150,000 double voters, instead of the 270,000 on which we counted. And I fear this will tell horribly on the small and middle-sized boroughs".
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front-line
British troops, struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberly, and Mafeking, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg in late 1899. Staggered, the British fought back, relieved its besieged cities, and prepared to invade first the Orange Free State, and then Transvaal in late 1900. The Boers refused to surrender or negotiate and reverted to guerrilla warfare. After two years of hard fighting, Britain, using over 400,000 soldiers systematically destroyed the resistance, raising worldwide complaints about brutality. The Boers were fighting for their homes and families, who provided them with food and hiding places. The British solution was to forcefully relocate all the Boer civilians into heavily guarded concentration camps, where 28,000 died of disease. Then it systematically blocked off and tracked down the highly mobile Boer combat units. The battles were small operations; most of the 22,000 British dead were victims of disease. The war cost £217 million and demonstrated the Army urgently needed reforms but it ended in victory for the British and the Conservatives won
1592:
Cranborne agreed to
Carnarvon's suggestion that as a Cabinet member he had a right to call a Cabinet meeting. It was planned for the next day, 25 February. Cranborne wrote to Derby that he had discovered that Disraeli's plan would "throw the small boroughs almost, and many of them entirely, into the hands of the voter whose qualification is less than £10. I do not think that such a proceeding is for the interest of the country. I am sure that it is not in accordance with the hopes which those of us who took an active part in resisting Mr Gladstone's Bill last year in those whom we induced to vote for us". The Conservative boroughs with populations less than 25,000 (a majority of the boroughs in Parliament) would be very much worse off under Disraeli's scheme than the Liberal Reform Bill of the previous year: "But if I assented to this scheme, now that I know what its effect will be, I could not look in the face those whom last year I urged to resist Mr Gladstone. I am convinced that it will, if passed, be the ruin of the Conservative party".
1550:, Cranborne criticised officials for "walking in a dream... in superb unconsciousness, believing that what had been must be, and that as long as they did nothing absolutely wrong, and they did not displease their immediate superiors, they had fulfilled all the duties of their station". These officials worshipped political economy "as a sort of 'fetish'... seemed to have forgotten utterly that human life was short, and that man did not subsist without food beyond a few days". Three-quarters of a million people had died because officials had chosen "to run the risk of losing the lives than to run the risk of wasting the money". Cranborne's speech was received with "an enthusiastic, hearty cheer from both sides of the House" and Mill crossed the floor of the Commons to congratulate him on it. The famine left Cranborne with a lifelong suspicion of experts and in the photograph albums at his home covering the years 1866–67 there are two images of skeletal Indian children amongst the family pictures.
2689:
1504:, claiming he was "always being willing to sacrifice anything for peace... colleagues, principles, pledges... a portentous mixture of bounce and baseness... dauntless to the weak, timid and cringing to the strong". The lessons to be learnt from Russell's foreign policy, Salisbury believed, were that he should not listen to the opposition or the press otherwise "we are to be governed... by a set of weathercocks, delicately poised, warranted to indicate with unnerving accuracy every variation in public feeling". Secondly: "No one dreams of conducting national affairs with the principles which are prescribed to individuals. The meek and poor-spirited among nations are not to be blessed, and the common sense of Christendom has always prescribed for national policy principles diametrically opposed to those that are laid down in the
1618:
as
Cranborne had foreseen, did not survive the Bill's course through Parliament; dual voting was dropped in March, the compound householder vote in April; and the residential qualification was reduced in May. In the end the county franchise was granted to householders rated at £12 annually. On 15 July the third reading of the Bill took place and Cranborne spoke first, in a speech which his biographer Andrew Roberts has called "possibly the greatest oration of a career full of powerful parliamentary speeches". Cranborne observed how the Bill "bristled with precautions, guarantees and securities" had been stripped of these. He attacked Disraeli by pointing out how he had campaigned against the Liberal Bill in 1866 yet the next year introduced a Bill more extensive than the one rejected. In the peroration, Cranborne said:
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1818:, Salisbury believed that Gladstone's proposals for reform without redistribution would mean "the absolute effacement of the Conservative Party. It would not have reappeared as a political force for thirty years. This conviction...greatly simplified for me the computation of risks". At a meeting of the Carlton Club on 15 July, Salisbury announced his plan for making the government introduce a Seats (or Redistribution) Bill in the Commons whilst at the same time delaying a Franchise Bill in the Lords. The unspoken implication being that Salisbury would relinquish the party leadership if his plan was not supported. Although there was some dissent, Salisbury carried the party with him.
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1627:
expressed, and promises made, will be followed by deeds, that we are enabled to carry on this party
Government which has led this country to so high a pitch of greatness. I entreat honourable Gentlemen opposite not to believe that my feelings on this subject are dictated simply by my hostility on this particular measure, though I object to it most strongly, as the House is aware. But, even if I took a contrary view – if I deemed it to be most advantageous, I still should deeply regret that the position of the Executive should have been so degraded as it has been in the present session: I should deeply regret to find that the House of Commons has applauded a policy of
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1383:, and New Zealand. He disliked the Boers and wrote that free institutions and self-government could not be granted to the Cape Colony because the Boers outnumbered the British three-to-one, and "it will simply be delivering us over bound hand and foot into the power of the Dutch, who hate us as much as a conquered people can hate their conquerors". He found the Native South Africans "a fine set of men – whose language bears traces of a very high former civilisation", similar to Italian. They were "an intellectual race, with great firmness and fixedness of will" but "horribly immoral" because they lacked theism.
1858:
should meet
Gladstone, as he believed the meeting would be found out and that Gladstone had no genuine desire to negotiate. On 17 November, it was reported in the newspapers that if the Conservatives gave "adequate assurance" that the Franchise Bill would pass the Lords before Christmas the government would ensure that a parallel Seats Bill would receive its second reading in the Commons as the Franchise Bill went into committee stage in the Lords. Salisbury responded by agreeing only if the Franchise Bill came second. The Carlton Club met to discuss the situation, with Salisbury's daughter writing:
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appeal to the streets, they attempt legislation by picnic". Salisbury further claimed that
Gladstone adopted reform as a "cry" to deflect attention from his foreign and economic policies at the next election. He claimed that the House of Lords was protecting the British constitution: "I do not care whether it is an hereditary chamber or any other – to see that the representative chamber does not alter the tenure of its own power so as to give a perpetual lease of that power to the party in predominance at the moment".
2269:, Balfour and Chamberlain wished to pursue a programme of social reform, which Salisbury believed would alienate "a good many people who have always been with us" and that "these social questions are destined to break up our party". When the Liberals and Irish Nationalists (which were a majority in the new Parliament) successfully voted against the government, Salisbury resigned the premiership on 12 August. His private secretary at the Foreign Office wrote that Salisbury "shewed indecent joy at his release".
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2727:, largely agrees with the critics and says Salisbury found the democracy born of the 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts as "perhaps less objectionable than he had expected—succeeding, through his public persona, in mitigating some part of its nastiness." Historian Peter T. Marsh states: "In the field of foreign affairs, where he was happiest and most successful, he kept his own counsel and eschewed broad principles of conduct, preferring close-eyed realism and reliability of conduct."
1947:) which had displaced working-class people and was responsible for "packing the people tighter": "...thousands of families have only a single room to dwell in, where they sleep and eat, multiply, and die... It is difficult to exaggerate the misery which such conditions of life must cause, or the impulse they must give to vice. The depression of body and mind which they create is an almost insuperable obstacle to the action of any elevating or refining agencies". The
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2227:. Salisbury's comments were criticised by the Queen and by Liberals who believed that Salisbury had suggested that only white Britons could represent a British constituency. Three weeks later, Salisbury delivered a speech at Scarborough, where he denied that "the word "black" necessarily implies any contemptuous denunciation: "Such a doctrine seems to be a scathing insult to a very large proportion of the human race... The people whom we have been fighting at
1641:, entitled 'The Conservative Surrender', Cranborne criticised Derby because he had "obtained the votes which placed him in office on the faith of opinions which, to keep office, he immediately repudiated...He made up his mind to desert these opinions at the very moment he was being raised to power as their champion". Also, the annals of modern parliamentary history could find no parallel for Disraeli's betrayal; historians would have to look "to the days when
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1508:". Thirdly: "The assemblies that meet in Westminster have no jurisdiction over the affairs of other nations. Neither they nor the Executive, except in plain defiance of international law, can interfere ... It is not a dignified position for a Great Power to occupy, to be pointed out as the busybody of Christendom". Finally, Britain should not threaten other countries unless prepared to back this up by force: "A willingness to fight is the
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2460:. German officials in Berlin had managed to stop the Kaiser from proposing a German protectorate over the Transvaal. The telegram backfired, as the British began to see Germany as a major threat. The British moved their forces from Egypt south into Sudan in 1898, securing complete control of that troublesome region. However, a strong British force unexpectedly confronted a small French military expedition at Fashoda. Salisbury
4478:, a moderately notable judge and of lower social standing than the Cecils. The marriage proved a happy one. Robert and Georgina had eight children, all but one of whom survived infancy. He was an indulgent father and made sure his children had a much better childhood than the one through which he suffered. Cut off from his family money, Robert supported his family through journalism and was later reconciled with his father.
2436:, to seek much friendlier relations with the United States. By standing with a Latin American nation against the encroachment of the British, the US improved relations with the Latin Americans, and the cordial manner of the procedure improved American diplomatic relations with Britain. Despite the popularity of the Boers in American public opinion, official Washington supported London in the Second Boer War.
1633:; and I should, above all things, regret that this great gift to the people – if gift you think – should have been purchased at the cost of a political betrayal which has no parallel in our Parliamentary annals, which strikes at the root of all that mutual confidence which is the very soul of our party Government, and on which only the strength and freedom of our representative institutions can be sustained.
1539:, Cranborne argued that: "It was not of our atmosphere—it was not in accordance with our habits; it did not belong to us. They all knew that it could not pass. Whether that was creditable to the House or not was a question into which he would not inquire; but every Member of the House the moment he saw the scheme upon the Paper saw that it belonged to the class of impracticable things".
2494:". The uitlanders heavily outnumbered the Boers in cities and mining districts; they had to pay heavy taxes, and had limited civil rights and no right to vote. The British, jealous of the gold and diamond mines and highly protective of its people, demanded reforms, which were rejected. A small-scale private British effort to overthrow Transvaal's President Paul Kruger, the
2231:, and whom we have happily conquered, are among the finest tribes in the world, and many of them are as black as my hat". Furthermore, "such candidatures are incongruous and unwise. The British House of Commons, with its traditions... is a machine too peculiar and too delicate to be managed by any but those who have been born within these isles". Naoroji was elected for
1843:: "Old Salisbury – shame to thy silver hair, Thou mad misleader". On 9 August in Manchester, over 100,000 came to hear Salisbury speak. On 30 September at Glasgow, he said: "We wish that the franchise should pass but that before you make new voters you should determine the constitution in which they are to vote". Salisbury published an article in the
1814:
consulted, when they had, at the last
General Election, no notion of what was coming upon them, I feel that we are bound, as guardians of their interests, to call upon the government to appeal to the people, and by the result of that appeal we will abide". The Lords rejected the Bill and Parliament was prorogued for ten weeks. Writing to Canon
1349:, where he did well in French, German, Classics, and Theology, but left in 1845 because of intense bullying. His unhappy schooling shaped his pessimistic outlook on life and his negative views on democracy. He decided that most people were cowardly and cruel, and that the mob would run roughshod over sensitive individuals.
2432:, issued an ultimatum in late 1895. Salisbury's cabinet convinced him he had to go to arbitration. Both sides calmed down and the issue was quickly resolved through arbitration which largely upheld the British position on the legal boundary line. Salisbury remained angry but a consensus was reached in London, led by
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The
British were overconfident and underprepared. Chamberlain and other top London officials ignored the repeated warnings of military advisors that the Boers were well prepared, well armed, and fighting for their homes in a very difficult terrain. The Boers with about 33,000 soldiers, against 13,000
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had for the
Unionists in 1885. Salisbury explained this by saying in a speech in Edinburgh on 30 November: "But then Colonel Duncan was opposed to a black man, and, however great the progress of mankind has been, and however far we have advanced in overcoming prejudices, I doubt if we have yet got to
1835:
that "the employment of mobs as an instrument of public policy is likely to prove a sinister precedent". On 23 July at
Sheffield, Salisbury said that the government "imagine that thirty thousand Radicals going to amuse themselves in London on a given day expresses the public opinion of the day...they
1773:
Following Disraeli's death in 1881, the Conservatives entered a period of turmoil. The party's previous leaders had all been appointed as prime minister by the reigning monarch on advice from their retiring predecessor, and no process was in place to deal with leadership succession in case either the
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observed that Cranborne "remained unmoveable". Derby closed his red box with a sigh and stood up, saying "The Party is ruined!" Cranborne got up at the same time, with Peel remarking: "Lord Cranborne, do you hear what Lord Derby says?" Cranborne ignored this and the three resigning ministers left the
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credo, "Whatever happens will be for the worse, and therefore it is in our interest that as little should happen as possible." Searle says that instead of seeing his party's victory in 1886 as a harbinger of a new and more popular Conservatism, Salisbury longed to return to the stability of the past,
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considers Salisbury "a great foreign minister, essentially negative, indeed reactionary in home affairs". Professor P.T. Marsh's estimate is more favourable than Blake's; he portrays Salisbury as a leader who "held back the popular tide for twenty years." Professor Paul Smith argues that, "into the
1853:
Gladstone offered wavering Conservatives a compromise a little short of enfranchisement and redistribution, and after the Queen unsuccessfully attempted to persuade Salisbury to compromise, he wrote to Rev. James Baker on 30 October: "Politics stand alone among human pursuits in this characteristic,
1821:
Salisbury wrote to Lady John Manners on 14 June that he did not regard female suffrage as a question of high importance "but when I am told that my ploughmen are capable citizens, it seems to me ridiculous to say that educated women are not just as capable. A good deal of the political battle of the
2607:
A patient, pragmatic practitioner, with a keen understanding of Britain's historic interests ... He oversaw the partition of Africa, the emergence of Germany and the United States as imperial powers, and the transfer of British attention from the Dardanelles to Suez without provoking a serious
1904:
laid down that the majority of the 670 constituencies were to be roughly equal in size and return one member; those between 50,000 and 165,000 kept the two-member representation and those over 165,000 and all the counties were split up into single-member constituencies. This franchise existed until
1748:
objected to occupying the city "on the ground of right. Salisbury treated scruples of this kind with marked contempt, saying, truly enough, that if our ancestors had cared for the rights of other people, the British empire would not have been made. He was more vehement than any one for going on. In
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Disraeli introduced his Bill on 18 March and it would extend the suffrage to all rate-paying householders of two years' residence, dual voting for graduates or those of a learned profession, or those with £50 in government funds or in the Bank of England or a savings bank. These "fancy franchises",
2423:
caused a major Anglo-American crisis when the United States intervened to take Venezuela's side. Propaganda sponsored by Venezuela convinced American public opinion that the British were infringing on Venezuelan territory. The United States demanded an explanation and Salisbury refused. The crisis
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entitled 'Constitutional revision'—said that the new government, lacking a majority in England and Scotland, had no mandate for Home Rule and argued that because there was no referendum only the House of Lords could provide the necessary consultation with the nation on policies for organic change.
1899:
dominated discussions as they had both closely studied in detail the effects of reform on the constituencies. After one of the last meetings on 26 November, Gladstone told his secretary that "Lord Salisbury, who seems to monopolise all the say on his side, has no respect for tradition. As compared
1857:
On 11 November, the Franchise Bill received its third reading in the Commons and it was due to get a second reading in the Lords. The day after at a meeting of Conservative leaders, Salisbury was outnumbered in his opposition to compromise. On 13 February, Salisbury rejected MacColl's idea that he
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took place, with a majority of the 150 Conservative MPs present supporting Derby and Disraeli. At the Cabinet meeting on 2 March, Cranborne, Carnarvon and General Peel were pleaded with for two hours not to resign, but when Cranborne "announced his intention of resigning...Peel and Carnarvon, with
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At home he sought to "kill Home Rule with kindness" by launching a land reform programme which helped hundreds of thousands of Irish peasants gain land ownership and largely ended complaints against English landlords. The Elementary School Teachers (Superannuation) Act of 1898 enabled teachers to
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The war had many vehement critics, predominantly in the Liberal Party. However, on the whole, the war was well received by the British public, which staged numerous public demonstrations and parades of support. Soon there were memorials built across Britain. Strong public demand for news coverage
2505:
take charge of the war. British efforts were based from its Cape Colony and the Colony of Natal. There were some native African allies, but generally, both sides avoided using black soldiers. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from across the Empire. All other nations were
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published an article that was extremely critical of Lord Salisbury's remark. It included the following quotation, "Of course the parsees are not black men, but the purest Aryan type in existence, with an average complexion fairer than Lord Salisbury's; but even if they were ebony hued it would be
1587:
On 23 February Cranborne protested in Cabinet and the next day analysed Baxter's figures using census returns and other statistics to determine how Disraeli's planned extension of the franchise would affect subsequent elections. Cranborne found that Baxter had not taken into account the different
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from the ethics of the political adventurer, you may depend upon it the whole of your representative institutions will crumble beneath your feet. It is only because of that mutual trust in each other by which we ought to be animated, it is only because we believe that expressions and convictions
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that they should agree to a £6 borough rating franchise instead of the full household suffrage, and a £20 county franchise rather than £50. The Cabinet agreed to Stanley's proposal. The meeting was so contentious that a minister who was late initially thought they were debating the suspension of
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The same day he met Carnarvon and they both studied the figures, coming to the same result each time: "A complete revolution would be effected in the boroughs" due to the new majority of the working-class electorate. Cranborne wanted to send his resignation to Derby along with the statistics but
1983:
criticised the Bill as "strangling the spirit of independence and the self-reliance of the people, and destroying the moral fibre of our race in the anaconda coils of state socialism", Salisbury responded: "Do not imagine that by merely affixing to it the reproach of Socialism you can seriously
1813:
which would extend the suffrage to two million rural workers. Salisbury and Northcote agreed that any Reform Bill would be supported only if a parallel redistributionary measure was introduced as well. In a speech in the Lords, Salisbury claimed: "Now that the people have in no real sense been
1564:
When parliamentary reform came to prominence again in the mid-1860s, Cranborne worked hard to master electoral statistics until he became an expert. When the Liberal Reform Bill was being debated in 1866, Cranborne studied the census returns to see how each clause in the Bill would affect the
2044:
Salisbury once again kept the foreign office (from January 1887), and his diplomacy continued to display a high level of skill, avoiding the extremes of Gladstone on the left and Disraeli on the right. His policy rejected entangling alliances–which at the time and ever since has been called
1849:
for October, titled 'The Value of Redistribution: A Note on Electoral Statistics'. He claimed that the Conservatives "have no cause, for Party reasons, to dread enfranchisement coupled with a fair redistribution". Judging by the 1880 results, Salisbury asserted that the overall loss to the
1774:
leadership became vacant while the party was in opposition, or the outgoing leader died without designating a successor, situations which both arose from the death of Disraeli (a formal leadership election system would not be adopted by the party until 1964, shortly after the government of
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and then in 1890 allowed it to build houses. However, he came to regret this, saying in November 1894 that the LCC, "is the place where collectivist and socialistic experiments are tried. It is the place where a new revolutionary spirit finds its instruments and collects its arms".
1786:
argues that while Salisbury presided over one of the longest periods of Tory dominance, he misinterpreted and mishandled his election successes. Salisbury's blindness to the middle class and reliance on the aristocracy prevented the Conservatives from becoming a majority party.
4376:
wrote in 1978 that "historical inattention" to Salisbury "involves wilful dismissal of a Conservative tradition which recognizes that threat to humanity when ruling authorities engage in democratic flattery and the threat to liberty in a competitive rush of legislation".
2657:
Due to breathing difficulties caused by his great weight, Salisbury took to sleeping in a chair at Hatfield House. He also experienced a heart condition and later blood poisoning caused by an ulcerated leg. His death in August 1903 followed a fall from that chair.
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which was "at variance with the fundamental principles of our constitution". He would oppose "any such tampering with our representative system as shall disturb the reciprocal powers on which the stability of our constitution rests". In 1867, after his brother
1886:
handwriting yielding the point entirely. Tableau and triumph along the line for the "stiff" policy which had obtained terms which the funkers had not dared hope for. My father's prevailing sentiment is one of complete wonder...we have got all and more than we
1399:" and claimed that was due to "the government was that of the Queen, not of the mob; from above, not from below. Holding from a supposed right (whether real or not, no matter)" and from "the People the source of all legitimate power," Cecil said of the
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the point where a British constituency will elect a black man to represent them.... I am speaking roughly and using language in its colloquial sense, because I imagine the colour is not exactly black, but at all events, he was a man of another race."
1464:
complained of being addressed by constituents in a hotel, Cecil responded: "A hotel infested by influential constituents is worse than one infested by bugs. It's a pity you can't carry around a powder insecticide to get rid of vermin of that kind".
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secure an annuity via the payment of voluntary contributions. The Elementary Education (Defective and Epileptic Children) Act of 1899 permitted school boards to provide for the education of mentally and physically defective and epileptic children.
1900:
with him, Mr Gladstone declares he is himself quite a Conservative. They got rid of the boundary question, minority representation, grouping and the Irish difficulty. The question was reduced to... for or against single member constituencies". The
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room. Cranborne's resignation speech was met with loud cheers and Carnarvon observed that it was "moderate and in good taste – a sufficient justification for us who seceded and yet no disclosure of the frequent changes in policy in the Cabinet".
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characterises his personality as "deeply neurotic, depressive, agitated, introverted, fearful of change and loss of control, and self-effacing but capable of extraordinary competitiveness." A representative of the landed aristocracy, he held the
1854:
that no one is conscious of liking them – and no one is able to leave them. But whatever affection they may have had they are rapidly losing. The difference between now and thirty years ago when I entered the House of Commons is inconceivable".
2049:". He was successful in negotiating differences over colonial claims with France and others. The major problems were in the Mediterranean, where British interests had been involved for a century. It was now especially important to protect the
1480:
was the foremost conservative journal of the age and of the twenty-six issues published between spring 1860 and summer 1866, Cecil had anonymous articles in all but three of them. He also wrote lead articles for the Tory daily newspaper the
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electoral prospects in each seat. Cranborne did not expect Disraeli's conversion to reform, however. When the Cabinet met on 16 February 1867, Disraeli voiced his support for some extension of the suffrage, providing statistics amassed by
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goldfields in Australia, he claimed that "there is not half as much crime or insubordination as there would be in an English town of the same wealth and population". Ten thousand miners were policed by four men armed with carbines and, at
1984:
affect the progress of any great legislative movement, or destroy those high arguments which are derived from the noblest principles of philanthropy and religion". The Bill ultimately passed and came into effect on 14 August 1885.
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of diplomacy, just as much as a readiness to go to court is the starting point of a lawyer's letter. It is merely courting dishonour, and inviting humiliation for the men of peace to use the habitual language of the men of war".
1743:
recorded in his diary that "f all present Salisbury by far the most eager for action: he talked of our sliding into a position of contempt: of our being humiliated etc." At the Cabinet meeting the next day, Derby recorded that
17:
1395:, 30,000 people were protected by 200 policemen, with over 30,000 ounces (850,000 g) of gold mined per week. He believed that there was "generally far more civility than I should be likely to find in the good town of
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Many historians portray Salisbury as a principled statesman of traditional, aristocratic conservatism: a prime minister who promoted cautious imperialism and resisted sweeping parliamentary and franchise reforms.
2166:") which came after years of diplomatic conflict about several African territories with Portugal and other powers. Portugal, financially hard-pressed, had to abandon several territories corresponding to today's
1850:
Conservatives of enfranchisement without redistribution would be 47 seats. Salisbury spoke throughout Scotland and claimed that the government had no mandate for reform when it had not appealed to the people.
1338:. This wealth increased sharply in 1821, when his father married his mother, Frances Mary Gascoyne, heiress of a wealthy merchant and Member of Parliament who had bought large estates in Essex and Lancashire.
2035:
noted in his diary in 1887 he was: "the prime minister most accessible to the press. He is not prone to give information: but when he does, he gives it freely, & his information can always be relied on."
2582:(realistic politics) was abandoned as Germany was intent on challenging and upsetting international order. The long-run result was the inability of Britain and Germany to be friends or to form an alliance.
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in Central Asia, the line that separated Russia and British India in 1800 was narrowing. In China the British economic dominance was threatened by other powers that wanted to control slices of China.
4364:) upon its founding in 1982. Cowling claimed that "The giant of conservative doctrine is Salisbury". It was on Cowling's suggestion that Paul Smith edited a collection of Salisbury's articles from the
1588:
types of boroughs in the totals of new voters. In small boroughs under 20,000 the "fancy franchises" for direct taxpayers and dual voters would be less than the new working-class voters in each seat.
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off the German coast. However, with peace-minded Bismarck retired by an aggressive new Kaiser, tensions rose and negotiations faltered. France retreated in Africa after the British dominated in the
2490:, who descended from Dutch immigrants to the area before 1800. The newly arrived miners were needed for their labour and business operations but were distrusted by the Afrikaners, who called them "
1778:
fell). Salisbury became the leader of the Conservative members of the House of Lords, though the overall leadership of the party was not formally allocated. So he struggled with the Commons leader
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2347:'s erratic foreign policy, and the instability caused by the decline of the Ottoman Empire. France was threatening British control of Sudan. In the Americas, for domestic political reasons, U.S.
1937:
Salisbury wrote an article titled "Labourers' and Artisans' Dwellings" in which he argued that the poor conditions of working-class housing were injurious to morality and health. Salisbury said "
1604:. The next day another Cabinet meeting took place, with Cranborne saying little and the Cabinet adopting Disraeli's proposal to bring in a Bill in a week's time. On 28 February a meeting of the
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in Lincolnshire. He retained this seat until he succeeded to his father's peerages in 1868 and it was not contested during his time as its representative. In his election address, he opposed
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acquired a strong reputation for resolute coercion in Ireland, and was promoted to leadership in the Commons in 1891. The Prime Minister proved adept at his handling of the press, as Sir
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in April 1982, on the second anniversary of Zimbabwe's independence. Cecil Square, near to Parliament, was also named after him and not, as is erroneously but popularly thought, after
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I desire to protest, in the most earnest language which I am capable of using, against the political morality on which the manoeuvres of this year have been based. If you borrow your
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War started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902 as Great Britain faced the two small far-away Boer nations. The Prime Minister let his extremely energetic colonial minister
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An Anglo-German agreement (1890) resolved conflicting claims in East Africa; Great Britain received large territories in Zanzibar and Uganda in exchange for the small island of
2027:. Maintaining the alliance forced Salisbury to make concessions in support of progressive legislation regarding Irish land purchases, education, and county councils. His nephew
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1874:
cried out declaring that he would accept no compromise at all as it was absurd to imagine the Government conceding it. When the discussion was at its height (very high) enter
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1595:
When Cranborne entered the Cabinet meeting on 25 February "with reams of paper in his hands" he began by reading statistics but was interrupted to be told of the proposal by
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in 1886 and 1892, but declined both offers, citing the prohibitive cost of the lifestyle dukes were expected to maintain and stating that he would rather have an ancient
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1474:, to which he contributed anonymously for the next nine years. From 1861 to 1864 he published 422 articles in it; in total the weekly published 608 of his articles. The
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by 419 to 41 in September 1893, but Salisbury stopped them from opposing the Liberal Chancellor's death duties in 1894. In 1894 Salisbury also became president of the
7841:
2134:
Trouble arose with Portugal, which had overextended itself in building a colonial empire in Africa it could ill afford. There was a clash of colonial visions between
1249:, avoiding a war or serious confrontation with the other powers. He remained as prime minister until Gladstone's Liberals formed a government with the support of the
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Documents in the Foreign Office archives revealed that Salisbury was made aware of a rape in 1891 and other atrocities carried out against women and children in the
1403:
of New Zealand: "The natives seem when they have converted to make much better Christians than the white man". A Maori chief offered Cecil 5 acres (2 ha) near
11169:
2097:; that it would be maintained "to a standard of strength equivalent to that of the combined forces of the next two biggest navies in the world". This was aimed at
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considered Salisbury "the most formidable intellectual figure that the Conservative party has ever produced". In 1977 the Salisbury Group was founded, chaired by
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To date he is the only British prime minister to sport a full beard. At 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall, he was also the tallest prime minister.
1991:
in 1886 enabled him to return to power with a majority, and, excepting a Liberal minority government (1892–95), to serve as prime minister from 1886 to 1902.
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Goodlad, Graham, "Salisbury as Premier: Graham Goodlad Asks Whether Lord Salisbury Deserves His Reputation as One of the Great Victorian Prime Ministers,"
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in the North Sea. Negotiations with Germany on broader issues failed. In January 1896 German Kaiser Wilhelm II escalated tensions in South Africa with his
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said of Lord Salisbury's acceptance of the Arbitration Treaty that it was "one of the worst acts of what I regard as a very stupid and worthless life".
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4423:(now Harare) was named in honour of him when it was founded in September 1890. Subsequently, simply known as Salisbury, the city became the capital of
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4384:(Labour Party prime minister, 1945–51) was asked who he thought was the best prime minister of his lifetime. Attlee immediately replied: "Salisbury".
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Teresa Coelho, "'Pérfida Albion'and'Little Portugal': The Role of the Press in British and Portuguese National Perceptions of the 1890 Ultimatum."
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1356:, where he received an honorary fourth class in Mathematics, conferred by nobleman's privilege due to ill health. Whilst at Oxford, he found the
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President Cleveland twists the tail of the British Lion regarding Venezuela—a policy hailed by Irish Catholics in the United States; cartoon in
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Scott A. Keefer, "Reassessing the Anglo-German Naval Arms Race." (University of Trento School of International Studies Working Paper 3, 2006).
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Historians agree that Salisbury was a strong and effective leader in foreign affairs. He had a superb grasp of the issues, and was never a "
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as part of a wider bid to alter the international balance of power decisively in Germany's favour. At the same time German foreign minister
2391:. The Venezuela crisis was settled amicably and London and Washington became friendly after Salisbury gave Washington what it wanted in the
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Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence: Letters Exchanged between the Third Marquess of Salisbury and his nephew Arthur James Balfour, 1869–1892
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was very briefly a member of the House of Lords at the start of his premiership, but he renounced his peerage and subsequently sat in the
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On 25 July at a reform meeting in Leicester consisting of 40,000 people, Salisbury was burnt in effigy and a banner quoted Shakespeare's
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On 11 July 1902, in failing health and broken-hearted over the death of his wife, Salisbury resigned. He was succeeded by his nephew,
2343:" had left Britain with no allies and few friends. In Europe, Germany was worrisome regarding its growing industrial and naval power,
1375:, but did not enjoy law. His doctor advised him to travel for his health, and so, from July 1851 to May 1853, Cecil travelled through
1218:, Salisbury returned as Secretary of State for India, and, in 1878, was appointed foreign secretary, and played a leading part in the
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or "Tractarianism" to be an intoxicating force, and had an intense religious experience that shaped his life. He was involved in the
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politician. In 1857, he defied his father, who wanted him to marry a rich heiress to protect the family's lands. He instead married
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In 1866 Cecil, now known by the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne after the death of his brother, entered the third government of
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neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to Britain. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was a significant
1980:
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is an admirable doctrine but it must be applied on both sides", as Parliament had enacted new building projects (such as the
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The Empire – Commonwealth 1870–1919' (1959) p. 915 and passim; coverage of Salisbury's foreign and imperial policies;
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imposed strict censorship and had no friends in the media, who wrote him up as a blundering buffoon. In dramatic contrast,
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2482:(called Transvaal) in the 1880s, thousands of British men flocked to the gold mines. Transvaal and its sister republic the
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future will be a conflict between religion and unbelief: & the women will in that controversy be on the right side".
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A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) between September 1869 and March 1878
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A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) between September 1869 and March 1878
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Historians agree that Salisbury was a strong and effective leader in foreign affairs, with a wide grasp of the issues.
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The House of Lords and Ideological Politics: Lord Salisbury's Referendal Theory and the Conservative Party, 1846–1922
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4512:(23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947); he married Lady Cicely Gore on 17 May 1887. They had seven children.
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2507:
2093:) Britain had possessed a navy one-third larger than their nearest naval rival but now the Royal Navy was set to the
2023:
Salisbury was back in office, although without a conservative majority; he depended on the Liberal Unionists, led by
1669:. In addition to the titles, he inherited 20,000 acres with 13,000 of these in Hertfordshire. In 1869 he was elected
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10378:
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Otte, T. G. "A question of leadership: Lord Salisbury, the unionist cabinet and foreign policy making, 1895–1900."
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1732:. Salisbury gradually developed a good relationship with Disraeli, whom he had previously disliked and mistrusted.
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before and during most of his tenure. He avoided international alignments or alliances, maintaining the policy of "
1005:
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and named after the 3rd Marquess. It published pamphlets advocating conservative policies. The academic quarterly
3919:
1724:
Salisbury returned to government in 1874, serving once again as Secretary of State for India in the government of
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4533:(12 July 1867 – 13 December 1918); he married Violet Maxse on 18 June 1894. They had two children.
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by Consul George Annesley and his soldiers but took no action against Annesley, who was "quietly pensioned off."
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Gibb, Paul. "Unmasterly Inactivity? Sir Julian Pauncefote, Lord Salisbury, and the Venezuela Boundary Dispute."
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Britain reacted to Germany's accelerated naval arms race with major innovations, especially those developed by
2380:
2015:
2005:
1987:
Although unable to accomplish much due to his lack of a parliamentary majority, the split of the Liberals over
1118:
60:
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1933:
Salisbury became prime minister of a minority administration from 1885 to 1886. In the November 1883 issue of
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in India, Cranborne spoke out against experts, political economy, and the government of Bengal. Utilising the
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4495:(28 July 1860 – 28 September 1945), author, and biographer of her father; she never married.
2554:
from a small, coastal defence force to a fleet meant to challenge British naval power. Tirpitz called for a
1653:". Disraeli responded in a speech that Cranborne was "a very clever man who has made a very great mistake".
1245:. His biggest achievement in this term was obtaining the majority of the new territory in Africa during the
78:
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1222:. After Disraeli's death in 1881, Salisbury emerged as the Conservative leader in the House of Lords, with
1207:
748:
481:
7005:
Otte, T. G. "'Floating Downstream'? Lord Salisbury and British Foreign Policy, 1878–1902", in Otte (ed.),
4524:(14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958); he married Lady Eleanor Lambton on 22 January 1889.
4518:(9 March 1863 – 23 June 1936); he married Lady Florence Bootle-Wilbraham on 16 August 1887.
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1569:, showing that 330,000 people would be given the vote and all except 60,000 would be granted extra votes.
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1891:
Despite the controversy which had raged, the meetings of leading Liberals and Conservatives on reform at
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Lord Derby. Salisbury resigned from his government in protest against proposals for parliamentary reform.
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2572:(world politics). It was the new policy of Germany to assert its claim to be a global power. Chancellor
2321:. In that capacity, he managed Britain's foreign affairs, but he was being sarcastic about a policy of "
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Special Kids For Special Treatment: How Special Do You Need To Be To Find Yourself In A Special School?
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Salisbury's expertise was in foreign affairs. For most of his time as prime minister, he served not as
1757:
In 1878, Salisbury became foreign secretary in time to help lead Britain to "peace with honour" at the
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Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902); Or, Documents, Old and New
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into service in 1906, which rendered all the world's battleships obsolete and set back German plans.
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over the following four years. This was the biggest ever expansion of the navy in peacetime: ten new
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30:"Lord Salisbury" and "The Marquess of Salisbury" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see
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Grenville, J. A. S. (1958). "Goluchowski, Salisbury, and the Mediterranean Agreements, 1895–1897".
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4451:. Other Rhodesian/Zimbabwean connections include the suburbs of Hatfield, Cranborne and New Sarum.
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Steele, David. "Three British Prime Ministers and the Survival of the Ottoman Empire, 1855–1902."
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1261:, and Salisbury for the third and last time became prime minister. He led Britain to victory in a
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From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies in the Social Science
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Smith, Paul. 'Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-, third marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)',
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Considerable attention has been devoted to his writings and ideas. The Conservative historian
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Robert had a miserable childhood, with few friends, and filled his time with reading. He was
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31:
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Warren, Allen. "Lord Salisbury and Ireland, 1859–87: Principles, Ambitions and Strategies."
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This is a long biography, written in the context of 1911, with a Conservative point of view.
6581:
Lord Salisbury on Politics. A Selection from his Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–1883
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When Salisbury died his estate was valued at £310,336, (equivalent to £42,092,894 in 2023).
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Lord Salisbury on Politics. A Selection from His Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–83
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Lord Salisbury On Politics. A Selection from His Articles in the Quarterly Review, 1860–83
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The Boers were given generous terms, and both former republics were incorporated into the
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Lord Salisbury and Nationality in the East: Viewing Imperialism in Its Proper Perspective
7104:, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, October 2009, accessed 8 May 2010.
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of 1895, was a fiasco and presaged full-scale conflict as all diplomatic efforts failed.
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and a 1902 treaty with Japan resolved the China crisis. However, in South Africa a nasty
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4004:
3606:
3516:
3373:
3079:
2983:
2785:
2600:
2589:. The most important development was unveiled – after Salisbury's death – the entry of
2547:
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2502:
2340:
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2094:
2046:
1758:
1547:
1461:
1250:
1219:
1196:
768:
6963:
Jones, Andrew, and Michael Bentley, 'Salisbury and Baldwin', in Maurice Cowling. ed.,
3989:
1681:, which was then experiencing losses. During his tenure, the company was taken out of
12872:
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9315:
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9137:
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9102:
9034:
8892:
8857:
8836:
8822:
8689:
8675:
8153:
7874:
7233:
7061:
6986:
The Discipline of Popular Government: Lord Salisbury's Domestic Statecraft, 1881–1902
6760:
6704:
Public Archives of Canada, Gowan Papers, M-1900, Thompson to Gowan, 20 September 1893
6568:
The Discipline of Popular Government: Lord Salisbury's Domestic Statecraft, 1881–1902
6403:
6363:
5982:
5957:
5778:
5511:
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3333:
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2483:
2339:
In foreign affairs, Salisbury was challenged worldwide. The long-standing policy of "
1949:
1944:
1896:
1826:
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1745:
1725:
1682:
1610:
1501:
1490:
1456:
1448:
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1192:
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1000:
938:
298:
68:
7022:
Penson, Lillian M. "The Principles and Methods of Lord Salisbury's Foreign Policy."
6772:
6098:
Stuart Anderson, "Racial Anglo-Saxonism and the American Response to the Boer War."
1782:, a struggle in which Salisbury eventually emerged as the leading figure. Historian
1735:
During a Cabinet meeting on 7 March 1878, a discussion arose over whether to occupy
1364:, serving as its secretary and treasurer. In 1853, he was elected a prize fellow of
12031:
11981:
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11854:
11844:
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10402:
10134:
9857:
9360:
9295:
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9230:
8850:
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8787:
8542:
8431:
8251:
8202:
7249:
6797:
Making Aristocracy Work: The Peerage and the Political System in Britain, 1884–1914
6752:
5390:
4162:
4112:
4107:
4074:
3959:
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1133:
9734:
6451:
6423:
4034:
4014:
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3476:
3318:
2723:
points to "the narrow cynicism of Salisbury." One admirer, conservative historian
1953:
argued that Salisbury had sailed into "the turbid waters of State Socialism"; the
12877:
12550:
12436:
12279:
12241:
12016:
11976:
11379:
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1988:
1815:
1713:
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1392:
1357:
1262:
1237:
later that year, Salisbury opposed him and formed an alliance with the breakaway
248:
7267:"Archival material relating to Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury"
6902:
The Governing Passion: Cabinet Government and Party Politics in Britain, 1885–86
6261:
E. W. McFarland, "Commemoration of the South African War in Scotland, 1900–10."
3969:
3626:
3303:
2699:
2649:(GCVO), with the order star set in brilliants, during his resignation audience.
1400:
12821:
12298:
12089:
12046:
12036:
11834:
11684:
11664:
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10816:
10656:
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8382:
8290:
8165:
7859:
7822:
7796:
7750:
6907:
6519:
6515:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
6014:
D. R. Gillard, "Salisbury's African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890."
5641:
Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-, third marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)
4783:
4414:
4381:
4231:
4145:
4127:
3701:
3631:
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3431:
3258:
3248:
3218:
3163:
3130:
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2707:
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2638:
2586:
2416:
2359:. In South Africa conflict was threatening with the two Boer republics. In the
2356:
2240:
2212:
2113:
2102:
2028:
1892:
1875:
1666:
1307:
1274:
1270:
146:
114:
6027:
R.A. Humphreys, "Anglo-American rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895."
5640:
2053:
and the sea lanes to India and Asia. He ended Britain's isolation through the
12960:
12761:
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12041:
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8759:
6880:
6840:
6691:
Andrew Jones and Michael Bentley, "Salisbury and Baldwin", in Cowling (ed.),
5323:
4547:, a cognitive disorder which makes it difficult to recognise familiar faces.
4544:
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4238:
3611:
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3398:
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3328:
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3057:
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2720:
2559:
2155:
1939:
1415:
1331:
1319:
757:
6066:
R.A. Humphreys, "Anglo-American Rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895"
4413:' is thought to have derived from Robert Cecil's appointment of his nephew,
3746:
3037:
12708:
12079:
12061:
12011:
11909:
11899:
11889:
11884:
11874:
10576:
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10348:
10279:
10144:
10129:
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9698:
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9345:
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8913:
8871:
8843:
8396:
7339:
7313:
7295:
Portraits of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
7230:
Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)
6814:
Lord Salisbury's World: Conservative Environments in Late-Victorian Britain
6764:
6723:
6082:
5879:
4496:
4448:
4221:
3774:
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3308:
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2550:
became German Naval Secretary of State and began the transformation of the
2495:
2457:
2159:
2082:
1605:
1452:
1361:
1346:
1273:
in 1902 and died in 1903. He was the last prime minister to serve from the
1202:
Lord Robert Cecil, later known as Lord Salisbury, was first elected to the
1038:
12562:
12774:
12099:
12056:
11996:
10716:
10680:
10383:
10328:
10194:
10179:
10014:
9420:
9400:
9074:
9064:
9054:
8948:
8927:
8612:
8598:
5424:
5420:
4122:
4102:
3829:
3797:
3696:
3586:
3348:
3313:
3293:
3178:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3015:
3000:
2958:
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2932:
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2578:
2568:
2453:
2403:
broke out in 1899 and for a few months it seemed the Boers were winning.
2305:
2254:
2117:
2010:
1976:
1629:
1376:
1327:
1286:
6266:
6103:
4443:, from 1980. The name was changed to Harare by the Zimbabwean president
4395:
to write Salisbury's authorised biography, which was published in 1999.
4302:
1230:
as prime minister in June 1885, and held the office until January 1886.
12026:
12021:
12006:
11986:
11919:
11011:
10610:
10491:
10481:
10476:
10467:
10458:
10449:
10274:
10154:
9370:
9365:
8906:
8899:
7040:(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999), a standard scholarly biography; 940pp
7027:
6886:"Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of"
6821:
6120:
6071:
6055:
Lord Salisbury, and Foreign Policy: The Close of the Nineteenth Century
5824:
4527:
Hon. Fanny Georgina Mildred Cecil (1865 – 24 April 1867)
4503:
4226:
3812:
3756:
3421:
3253:
3168:
3089:
3020:
2917:
2642:
2487:
2415:
with the United States erupted. A border dispute between the colony of
2384:
2360:
2287:, presenting a notable inaugural address on 4 August of that year. The
2074:
2070:
2050:
1524:
1211:
1046:
119:
6912:
Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy: The Close of the Nineteenth Century
5875:"Revealed: How Lord Salisbury hid rape by his British consul in Benin"
5799:
Lord Salisbury and foreign policy: the close of the nineteenth century
18:
Second premiership of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
12084:
11344:
10704:
10189:
10109:
10084:
9202:
8941:
8773:
6456:
6428:
4258:
3824:
3819:
3792:
3751:
3741:
3686:
3556:
3145:
3084:
2990:
2873:
2719:'progressive' strain of modern Conservatism he simply will not fit."
2526:
meant that the war was well covered by journalists – including young
2491:
2445:
2367:
2352:
2069:, which facilitated the spending of an extra £20 million on the
2065:. He saw the need for maintaining control of the seas and passed the
1831:
1579:
1291:
8001:
6833:
A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction Victoria 1880–1901
2558:
or "risk fleet" that would make it too risky for Britain to take on
2464:, and systematically moved toward friendlier relations with France.
11224:
10388:
9017:
4440:
4432:
3834:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3761:
3669:
3664:
3025:
2692:
Monument commemorating Salisbury's burial at St Etheldreda Church,
2670:
2538:
pampered the press, which responded by making him a national hero.
2400:
2175:
2139:
1736:
1404:
1380:
1215:
7246:
Works by or about Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
6756:
2530:– and photographers, as well as letter-writers and poets. General
7255:
5862:. London (published 9 December 1888). 8 December 1888. p. 1.
5681:
Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1900
4275:
3807:
3767:
3561:
3010:
2927:
2669:, is also interred. Salisbury is commemorated with a monumental
2086:
2078:
1387:
1342:
12666:
8359:
8321:
6115:
T. W. Riker, "A Survey of British Policy in the Fashoda Crisis"
5774:
Original Spin: Downing Street and the Press in Victorian Britain
4522:
Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
1572:
Cranborne studied Baxter's statistics and on 21 February he met
5709:
An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force)
4420:
3839:
2995:
2244:
grotesque and foolish for a Prime Minister of England [
2228:
2171:
2167:
1335:
6945:"Salisbury's African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890,"
5454:
History of government: Prime Ministers in the House of Lords,
2317:, the traditional position held by the prime minister, but as
2235:
in 1892 and Salisbury invited him to become a Governor of the
1712:, in 1881, and which was commanded in South Africa during the
1290:
when his party's main function was to restrain what he saw as
1171:
1151:
1107:
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
6131:
E. R. Turton, "Lord Salisbury and the Macdonald expedition."
4510:
James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury
3062:
2224:
1345:
unmercifully at the schools he attended. In 1840, he went to
1179:; 3 February 1830 – 22 August 1903), known as
6252:(1961) pp 69–136, focuses on British politics and diplomacy.
4485:(11 April 1858 – 27 April 1950); she married
1191:
three times for a total of over thirteen years. He was also
7007:
The Makers of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt to Thatcher
6669:
Maurice Cowling, 'The Present Position', in Cowling (ed.),
2922:
2109:
1966:
1959:
said his article was "State socialism pure and simple" and
7078:
The Age of Disraeli, 1868–1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy
6660:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. xxix, n.
2406:
1719:
1518:
10728:
6854:
Security and Progress: Lord Salisbury at the India Office
2246:
1468:
In December 1856 Cecil began publishing articles for the
1165:
1142:
1139:
13027:
Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom
7261:
contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Salisbury
5657:
House of Commons Debates 30 May 1867 vol. 187 cc1296–363
5313:
Unionist government, 1895–1905 § Salisbury ministry
2250:] to insult them in such a wanton fashion as this."
1685:, and paid out a small dividend on its ordinary shares.
1265:, and led the Unionists to another electoral victory in
7152:
Ellenberger, Nancy W. "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.
6974:(2nd ed. 1950), a standard diplomatic history of Europe
6804:
The Cambridge History of the British Empire Vol. iii:
6384:
An Introductory History of English Education Since 1800
6342:
Nancy W. Ellenberger, "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.
5334:
International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
4537:
Lord Hugh Richard Heathcote Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood
4516:
Lord Rupert Ernest William Cecil, Lord Bishop of Exeter
2335:
Timeline of British diplomatic history § 1897–1919
1728:, and Britain's Ambassador Plenipotentiary at the 1876
13022:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
2626:
In 1895 and 1900 he was honoured with appointments as
2260:
2211:. Bruce had won the seat with a smaller majority than
1963:
claimed Salisbury was "in favour of state socialism".
1768:
1661:
In 1868, on the death of his father, he inherited the
5726:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1994), p. 522.
1214:'s Conservative government 1866–1867. In 1874, under
1168:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1145:
11441:
European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance
10959:
Organisations associated with the Conservative Party
7085:
The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902: Unionism and Empire
6835:(vol 5, 1904); detailed political narrative; 295pp;
6432:. No. 36047. London. 24 January 1900. p. 9
2379:
The tension with Germany had subsided in 1890 after
9764:
5917:
The Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science
5712:. London: United Service Gazette. pp. 286–289.
5467:
Smith 1972 cited in Ellenberger, "Salisbury" 2:1154
4539:(14 October 1869 – 10 December 1956)
2632:
High Steward of the City and Liberty of Westminster
2207:by-election for the Unionists, beating the Liberal
2158:'s expeditions to Africa) and the British Empire (
1825:On 21 July, a large meeting for reform was held at
1296:
ranked in the upper tier of British prime ministers
1159:
1136:
13092:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
12992:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom
12987:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom
6738:"Prosopagnosia in biographies and autobiographies"
6460:. No. 36820. London. 15 July 1902. p. 10
6042:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902
5894:
5851:
2486:were small, rural, independent nations founded by
2285:British Association for the Advancement of Science
1645:directed the Council, and accepted the favours of
1410:
1294:liberalism and democratic excess. He is generally
11130:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee
8106:Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury
5669:The Great landowners of Great Britain and Ireland
2510:because of the atrocities and military failures.
13052:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
13002:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
12972:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
12958:
12853:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering
8003:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
7283:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
6635:(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1966), p. 499.
5761:(Cambridge University Press, 1972), p. 18, n. 1.
4352:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury
1979:in the Commons and Salisbury in the Lords. When
1677:. Between 1868 and 1871, he was chairman of the
1269:. He relinquished the premiership to his nephew
9019:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom
8136:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury
8118:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
6895:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 72–76.
6172:The Origins of the South African War, 1899–1902
5366:before the death of his elder brother in 1865,
4464:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
1752:
1226:leading the party in the Commons. He succeeded
1022:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
13112:British royalty and nobility with disabilities
7211:Harold Temperley, and Lillian M. Penson, eds;
6607:Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England
6355:
5979:The Great Game; On Secret Service in High Asia
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5476:
1710:4th (Militia) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment
1277:throughout the entirety of their premiership.
12682:
12578:
12158:
11573:
9750:
9003:
8345:
7987:
7291:– article by Andrew Roberts; historytoday.com
7201:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1994).
7053:
6555:The Conservative Party from Peel to Churchill
6395:
6250:Imperialism and the rise of Labour, 1895–1905
5938:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics
5770:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5433:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
4550:
4327:
2603:" but rather, says Nancy W. Ellenberger, was:
2456:of the Transvaal for beating off the British
2383:exchanged German holdings in East Africa for
2123:
1318:Gascoyne. He was a patrilineal descendant of
10940:
8322:The Marquess of Salisbury navigational boxes
8148:Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
7318:
6931:Salisbury 1830–1903: Portrait of a Statesman
6501:
6159:Joseph Chamberlain: entrepreneur in politics
6133:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
6119:44#1 (1929), pp. 54–78 DOI: 10.2307/2142814
6068:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
6029:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
5949:
5503:
2942:
2294:
2272:Salisbury—in an article in November for the
1912:
1485:. In 1859 Cecil was a founding co-editor of
12827:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
12592:
11484:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
11424:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
11140:Conservative Science & Technology Forum
7289:Salisbury, The Empire Builder Who Never Was
6993:Britain and the Eastern question, 1875–1878
6359:Britain, 1846–1964: The Challenge of Change
5801:(U. of London Athlone Press, 1964) pp 3–23.
4489:on 27 October 1883. They had four children.
4457:
2665:, where his predecessor as prime minister,
2199:Salisbury caused controversy in 1888 after
1656:
1609:evident reluctance, followed his example".
1500:Salisbury criticised the foreign policy of
1263:bitter, controversial war against the Boers
12689:
12675:
12585:
12571:
12165:
12151:
11580:
11566:
11165:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists
9757:
9743:
9010:
8996:
8352:
8338:
7994:
7980:
7301:
7275:
6979:Salisbury and the Mediterranean, 1886–1896
6319:The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery
5524:
4784:Secretary of State for the Home Department
4334:
4320:
2645:conferred upon him the Grand Cross of the
1692:The Marquess of Salisbury caricatured by "
77:
11596:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
10880:Directly elected city mayoral authorities
6511:inflation figures are based on data from
5810:
5302:Second Salisbury ministry § Cabinets
2621:
1994:
1895:were amicable. Salisbury and the Liberal
1704:From 1868 he was Honorary Colonel of the
1542:On 2 August when the Commons debated the
1330:. The family-owned vast rural estates in
356:14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892
10561:
9818:History of conservatism in Great Britain
7842:Leader of the British Conservative Party
7228:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds.
7220:Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury
6879:
6478:
5430:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
2698:
2687:
2366:
2304:
2004:
1967:Early reforms and parliamentary majority
1917:
1789:
1687:
1649:when he was negotiating the invasion of
1578:
1414:
1301:
958:
494:21 February 1874 – 2 April 1878
311:29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900
261:12 November 1900 – 11 July 1902
27:Three-time UK Prime Minister (1830–1903)
13017:Chancellors of the University of Oxford
10518:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party
8188:Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885
7102:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7057:A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918
7046:Ryan, A. P. "The Marquis of Salisbury'
6972:The Diplomacy of Imperialism: 1890–1902
6707:
6293:The diplomacy of imperialism: 1890–1902
5976:
5872:
5645:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5507:A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918
2652:
2407:Venezuela crisis with the United States
1720:Secretary of State for India: 1874–1878
1519:Secretary of State for India: 1866–1867
821:22 August 1853 – 12 April 1868
774:12 April 1868 – 22 August 1903
672:28 January 1886 – 20 July 1886
399:24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886
200:23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886
14:
13062:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
12959:
11603:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
11185:Conservatives for International Travel
11037:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation
7882:Chancellor of the University of Oxford
6735:
6468:– via The Times Digital Archive.
6440:– via The Times Digital Archive.
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5344:Timeline of British diplomatic history
4605:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
2541:
1975:was introduced by the Home Secretary,
1878:with explicit declamation dictated by
1671:Chancellor of the University of Oxford
996:Robert, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
620:11 August 1892 – 22 June 1895
159:25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892
13152:British politicians with disabilities
12670:
12566:
12146:
12119:Category:British Secretaries of State
11561:
11401:
11333:
11160:Conservative Women National Committee
10939:
10747:
10560:
9923:
9778:
9738:
8991:
8361:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom
8333:
8320:
7975:
7317:
7112:Lord Salisbury: A Political biography
6861:British Foreign Secretaries 1807–1916
6542:Lord Salisbury: A Political Biography
6512:
5907:, November 1918 – August 1919, p. 377
5673:
5411:
1805:Representation of the People Act 1884
1761:. For this, he was rewarded with the
1233:When Gladstone came out in favour of
442:2 April 1878 – 28 April 1880
13042:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
12073:Commonwealth and Development Affairs
7741:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7603:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7523:23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886
7519:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7177:(Oct 1999), Vol. 49 Issue 10, p45-51
6871:Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury
6722:, 1994, p.72. Retrieved online from
5981:(1991 ed.). OUP. pp. 4–5.
5329:Historiography of the British Empire
4487:William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne
4462:Lord Salisbury was the third son of
4429:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
2612:
2291:returned a large Unionist majority.
1749:the end the project was dropped..."
1189:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
954:
103:25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902
91:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
12654:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess
12646:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess
12638:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess
12318:Secretary of State for the Colonies
11402:
11072:Conservative Friends of the Chinese
10776:Treasurer of the Conservative Party
10748:
7607:25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892
7194:(Cambridge University Press, 1972).
6826:Salisbury: The Man and His Policies
5873:Alberge, Dalya (21 November 2021).
5705:
5620:
4818:Secretary of State for the Colonies
2328:
2261:Leader of the Opposition: 1892–1895
1973:Housing of the Working Classes Bill
1769:Leader of the Opposition: 1881–1885
1665:, thereby becoming a member of the
1497:; but it closed after four issues.
541:6 July 1866 – 8 March 1867
24:
12630:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess
12614:James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess
11508:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists
11047:Conservative Co-operative Movement
10771:Conservative Campaign Headquarters
8035:
7232:(1938), primary sources pp 365 ff
7181:
7050:(April 1951) 1#4 pp 30–36; online.
7009:(Palgrave, 2002), pp. 98–127.
6789:
6382:S.J. Curtis and M.E.A. Boultwood,
6146:Lord Salisbury, and Foreign Policy
5483:. Faber & Faber. p. 328.
4417:, as Chief Secretary for Ireland.
2608:confrontation of the great powers.
2467:
2239:, which he accepted. In 1888, the
2181:
1798:
1553:
1257:. The Liberals, however, lost the
25:
13163:
12696:
11175:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting
11105:Conservative Humanist Association
11090:Conservative Friends of Palestine
11076:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar
11042:Conservative Christian Fellowship
10996:Association of Conservative Clubs
10976:Conservative Women's Organisation
9813:History of the Conservative Party
8124:Maud Palmer, Countess of Selborne
7745:25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902
7299:National Portrait Gallery, London
7239:
7168:The South African War Reappraised
7154:Reader's Guide to British History
7146:
7016:(vol 5, 1906), covers 1885–1895.
6955:"Lord Salisbury's Afghan Policy,"
6570:(Hassocks, Sussex, 1978), p. 326.
6344:Reader's Guide to British History
5900:W. K Hancock, Jean van der Poel,
5813:Slavonic and East European Review
5706:Hay, Col. George Jackson (1905).
5374:died in April 1868, and then the
2508:opposition to the Second Boer War
2478:After gold was discovered in the
2039:
13077:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports
12935:
12934:
12212:
12125:
12114:
12113:
11948:
11589:
11542:
11532:
11135:Conservative Rural Affairs Group
10919:Conservative Party Review (2016)
10822:Conservative Chief Whip's Office
10801:National Conservative Convention
10785:Conservative Research Department
8971:
8970:
8301:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield
8160:Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood
7907:The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
7819:Leader of the Conservative Party
7331:Parliament of the United Kingdom
6967:(Cassell, 1978), pp. 25–40.
6609:(2 vol. 1980–85), vol I, p. 387.
6003:The twentieth century, 1880-1939
5902:Selections from the Smuts Papers
4301:
4289:
2749:
2663:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield
2194:
1243:subsequent 1886 general election
1132:
1092:
986:James, 4th Marquess of Salisbury
917:St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield
908:Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England
13097:People educated at Eton College
12997:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
12423:President of the Board of Trade
12071:Secretary of State for Foreign,
11385:Society of Conservative Lawyers
11334:
11067:Conservative Friends of America
9767:Conservative and Unionist Party
7914:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
6729:
6698:
6685:
6676:
6673:(London: Cassell, 1978), p. 22.
6663:
6650:
6638:
6625:
6612:
6599:
6586:
6573:
6560:
6547:
6534:
6492:
6472:
6444:
6416:
6389:
6376:
6349:
6336:
6324:
6311:
6298:
6285:
6272:
6255:
6242:
6229:
6216:
6203:
6196:Denis Judd and Keith Surridge,
6190:
6177:
6164:
6151:
6138:
6125:
6109:
6092:
6076:
6060:
6047:
6034:
6021:
6008:
5995:
5970:
5943:
5930:
5910:
5866:
5844:
5831:
5804:
5791:
5764:
5751:
5746:The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902
5738:
5729:
5716:
5699:
5687:
5662:
5650:
5028:President of the Board of Trade
2628:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
2536:Field Marshal Frederick Roberts
2057:(March and December 1887) with
1809:In 1884 Gladstone introduced a
1637:In his article for the October
1411:Member of Parliament: 1853–1866
950:
713:May 1881 – 9 June 1885
13117:Secretaries of State for India
13107:Presidents of the Oxford Union
13082:Hertfordshire Militia officers
12836:Economy, society and knowledge
12404:Leader of the House of Commons
11958:Secretary of State for Foreign
11125:Conservative Education Society
11095:Conservative Friends of Turkey
11085:Conservative Friends of Israel
11052:Conservative Countryside Forum
10856:Northern Ireland Conservatives
9924:
7285:on the Downing Street website.
7173:Roberts, Andrew. "Salisbury,"
7094:(1938); comprehensive history
5497:
5470:
5461:
5447:
5405:
5380:
5356:
4991:Leader of the House of Commons
4402:, Canadian Prime Minister Sir
2706:in front of the park gates of
2452:congratulating Boer President
2301:Unionist government, 1895–1905
1922:
1306:Lord Robert Cecil was born at
1183:, was a British statesman and
1027:Frances Mary Gascoyne (mother)
13:
1:
13142:UK MPs who inherited peerages
13067:Leaders of the House of Lords
12543:Vice President of the Council
12261:Lord President of the Council
11471:European People's Party Group
11080:Conservative Friends of India
11057:Conservative Disability Group
10840:Conservative Party Conference
7092:Britain in Europe, 1789–1914.
6948:The English Historical Review
6488:. 22 July 1902. p. 4669.
5936:Jed Z. Buchwald, Robert Fox,
5399:
5261:Vice-President of the Council
4716:Lord President of the Council
2462:quickly resolved the tensions
2186:In 1889 Salisbury set up the
1420:
1352:In December 1847, he went to
797:The 4th Marquess of Salisbury
785:The 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
249:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
13147:Accidental deaths from falls
13047:Fellows of the Royal Society
12848:Economy, industry, and trade
12362:Secretary of State for India
12195:Leader of the House of Lords
11496:Movement for European Reform
11430:International Democrat Union
11215:Margaret Thatcher Foundation
11150:Conservative Transport Group
11145:Conservative Trade Unionists
7924:The Lord Curzon of Kedleston
7760:Leader of the House of Lords
7641:Leader of the House of Lords
7557:Leader of the House of Lords
7438:Secretary of State for India
7411:Secretary of State for India
7024:Cambridge Historical Journal
7000:Contemporary British History
6924:The Politics of Reform, 1884
6900:Cooke, A.B. and J. Vincent,
6185:The Diplomacy of Imperialism
5306:
5295:
4915:Secretary of State for India
4610:Leader of the House of Lords
4555:
4360:was named in his honour (by
2351:manufactured a quarrel over
1753:Foreign Secretary: 1878–1880
1529:Secretary of State for India
1208:Secretary of State for India
749:Member of the House of Lords
482:Secretary of State for India
7:
13102:People of the Victorian era
12448:Chief Secretary for Ireland
12400:Chancellor of the Exchequer
12381:First Lord of the Admiralty
12180:(July 1885 – February 1886)
11502:Alliance for an Open Europe
11478:European Conservative Group
11062:Conservative European Forum
9868:General election manifestos
9779:
7309:Ancestors of Lord Salisbury
7014:A History of Modern England
6117:Political Science Quarterly
5940:(2013) p. 757, footnote 62.
5777:. I.B.Tauris. p. 233.
5510:. Oxford U.P. p. 203.
5317:
5282:17 September 1885
5091:Chief Secretary for Ireland
4986:Chancellor of the Exchequer
4949:First Lord of the Admiralty
4404:John Sparrow David Thompson
2516:the Khaki election of 1900.
2089:. Traditionally (since the
1675:Fellow of the Royal Society
1537:proportional representation
10:
13168:
13032:Deputy lieutenants of Kent
12622:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess
12505:Lord Chancellor of Ireland
12486:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
12337:Secretary of State for War
12223:First Lord of the Treasury
12210:
11461:Conservative–DUP agreement
11100:Conservative History Group
11027:Blue Collar Conservativism
9797:Conservative Party Archive
7851:Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt
7614:First Lord of the Treasury
7421:Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt
7385:Sir John Dalrymple Hay, Bt
7376:Sir John Dalrymple Hay, Bt
7038:Salisbury: Victorian Titan
6802:Benians, E.A. et al. eds.
6720:Greenwood Publishing Group
6263:Scottish Historical Review
5956:. Routledge. p. 320.
5927:(1894) pp. 63–67, Vol. 70.
5615:Salisbury: Victorian Titan
5480:Salisbury: Victorian Titan
5310:
5299:
5193:Lord Chancellor of Ireland
5159:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
4852:Secretary of State for War
4648:First Lord of the Treasury
4559:
4551:Cabinets of Lord Salisbury
3692:Traditionalist Catholicism
2634:, which he held for life.
2471:
2332:
2315:First Lord of the Treasury
2309:The British Empire in 1898
2298:
2127:
2124:1890 Ultimatum on Portugal
2009:Salisbury caricatured by "
1998:
1926:
1802:
1557:
1487:Bentley's Quarterly Review
1006:Hugh, 1st Baron Quickswood
976:Maud, Countess of Selborne
29:
12925:
12835:
12810:The Marquess of Salisbury
12722:
12704:
12606:James Cecil, 1st Marquess
12600:
12541:
12522:
12503:
12484:
12465:
12446:
12421:
12398:
12379:
12360:
12335:
12316:
12297:
12278:
12259:
12240:
12221:
12203:The Marquess of Salisbury
12185:
12178:The Marquess of Salisbury
12108:
12070:
11957:
11946:
11602:
11549:United Kingdom portal
11529:
11449:
11419:List of current alliances
11412:
11408:
11397:
11365:Centre for Social Justice
11360:Centre for Policy Studies
11340:
11329:
11288:
11275:Young Britons' Foundation
11120:Conservative Muslim Forum
11004:
10968:
10950:
10946:
10935:
10911:
10903:Conservative Associations
10895:
10879:
10848:
10832:
10809:
10793:
10758:
10754:
10743:
10567:
10556:
10510:
10203:
10098:
10001:
9934:
9930:
9919:
9883:Irish Conservative Party
9853:Unionist Free Food League
9805:
9789:
9785:
9774:
9669:Alexander of Hillsborough
9654:5th Marquess of Salisbury
9624:4th Marquess of Salisbury
9599:5th Marquess of Lansdowne
9574:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
9559:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
9549:3rd Marquess of Salisbury
9494:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
9484:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
9459:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
9449:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
9429:
9025:
8965:
8497:
8372:
8327:
8278:
8211:
8198:Venezuelan crisis of 1895
8175:
8098:
8082:
8046:
8033:
8009:
7954:
7945:
7937:
7930:
7920:
7911:
7903:
7898:
7888:
7879:
7871:
7866:
7856:
7839:
7829:
7816:
7808:
7803:
7793:
7784:
7776:
7766:
7757:
7747:
7738:
7730:
7724:The Marquess of Lansdowne
7720:
7711:
7703:
7692:
7684:
7674:
7665:
7657:
7647:
7638:
7630:
7620:
7611:
7600:
7590:
7581:
7573:
7563:
7554:
7544:
7535:
7527:
7516:
7508:
7498:
7489:
7481:
7471:
7462:
7454:
7444:
7435:
7427:
7417:
7408:
7400:
7395:
7381:
7350:Member of Parliament for
7348:
7336:
7329:
7324:
6362:. Oxford UP. p. 56.
6187:(1950), pp 605–28, 651–76
6016:English Historical Review
5259:
5248:28 January 1886
5225:
5191:
5180:28 January 1886
5157:
5123:
5112:28 January 1886
5102:23 January 1886
5089:
5078:28 January 1886
5026:
5015:28 January 1886
4981:
4947:
4936:28 January 1886
4913:
4902:6 February 1886
4892:21 January 1886
4873:21 January 1886
4850:
4839:28 January 1886
4816:
4805:1 February 1886
4782:
4771:28 January 1886
4748:
4737:6 February 1886
4714:
4703:28 January 1886
4680:
4669:1 February 1886
4646:
4635:6 February 1886
4619:The Marquess of Salisbury
4600:
4531:Lord Edward Herbert Cecil
4389:6th Marquess of Salisbury
2683:
2439:
2424:escalated when President
2325:"—such was not his goal.
2295:Prime minister: 1895–1902
2178:in favour of the Empire.
2144:Lisbon Geographic Society
2001:Second Salisbury ministry
1913:Prime minister: 1885–1892
1730:Constantinople Conference
1371:In April 1850, he joined
1366:All Souls College, Oxford
1312:2nd Marquess of Salisbury
1187:politician who served as
1100:
1088:
1057:
1045:
1034:
1014:
991:William, Bishop of Exeter
968:
932:
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912:
898:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
837:
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814:
802:
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458:
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360:
349:
344:The Marquess of Lansdowne
337:
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48:The Marquess of Salisbury
41:
13007:Burials in Hertfordshire
11960:and Commonwealth Affairs
11456:List of former alliances
11245:One Nation Conservatives
11155:Conservative Way Forward
10941:Associated organisations
10766:Conservative Party Board
8446:Chatham (Pitt the Elder)
7932:Peerage of Great Britain
7812:The Earl of Beaconsfield
7804:Party political offices
7695:Leader of the Opposition
7584:Leader of the Opposition
7492:Leader of the Opposition
7485:The Earl of Beaconsfield
7319:Offices and distinctions
7218:Robert Cecil Salisbury.
6938:Diplomacy and Statecraft
6596:(1990) X, pp. cxxxix–cxl
6544:(Routledge, 2001) p. 383
6402:. Routledge. p. 6.
5853:"Salisbury's Silly Gibe"
5683:. Kelly's. p. 1189.
5349:
5238:17 August 1885
5068:19 August 1885
5049:19 August 1885
4566:First Salisbury ministry
4458:Family and personal life
4180:Catholic social teaching
2661:Salisbury was buried at
2289:general election of 1895
2267:general election of 1892
2265:In the aftermath of the
2148:Alexandre de Serpa Pinto
2108:Salisbury was offered a
2055:Mediterranean Agreements
1929:First Salisbury ministry
1696:" (Carlo Pellegrini) in
1663:Marquessate of Salisbury
1657:In opposition: 1868–1874
1455:" interference with the
733:The Earl of Beaconsfield
608:Leader of the Opposition
505:The Earl of Beaconsfield
453:The Earl of Beaconsfield
228:William Ewart Gladstone
13087:Marquesses of Salisbury
12805:William Ewart Gladstone
12795:The Viscount Palmerston
12594:Marquesses of Salisbury
12412:Sir Michael Hicks Beach
12370:Lord Randolph Churchill
11539:Conservatism portal
11467:European People's Party
11434:European Democrat Union
11240:Northern Research Group
11205:European Research Group
11110:Conservative Mainstream
10871:Gibraltar Conservatives
9893:Scottish Unionist Party
8690:Disraeli (Beaconsfield)
7688:William Ewart Gladstone
7594:William Ewart Gladstone
7577:William Ewart Gladstone
7512:William Ewart Gladstone
7502:William Ewart Gladstone
6892:Encyclopædia Britannica
6856:(Greenwood Press, 2002)
6736:Grüter, Thomas (2007).
6718:, by R. C. S. Trahair,
6583:(Cambridge, 1972), p. 1
6513:Clark, Gregory (2017).
6356:Martin Roberts (2001).
6224:The Boer War: A History
6198:The Boer War: A History
6018:75.297 (1960): 631–653.
5977:Hopkirk, Peter (1990).
5477:Andrew Roberts (2012).
5000:Sir Michael Hicks Beach
4921:Lord Randolph Churchill
4483:Lady Beatrix Maud Cecil
4439:, in 1979, and finally
4296:Conservatism portal
4118:Conservative liberalism
2964:Family as a state model
2694:Hatfield, Hertfordshire
2393:Alaska boundary dispute
2279:The Lords defeated the
2120:than a modern dukedom.
1862:The three arch-funkers
1379:, Australia, including
1310:, the third son of the
1228:William Ewart Gladstone
892:Hatfield, Hertfordshire
844:Charles Chetwynd-Talbot
743:William Ewart Gladstone
723:William Ewart Gladstone
702:William Ewart Gladstone
692:William Ewart Gladstone
682:William Ewart Gladstone
651:William Ewart Gladstone
633:William Ewart Gladstone
238:Ministerial positions
218:William Ewart Gladstone
189:William Ewart Gladstone
178:William Ewart Gladstone
12770:The Viscount Melbourne
12724:Politics and diplomacy
12524:Secretary for Scotland
12351:The Viscount Cranbrook
12269:The Viscount Cranbrook
12231:The Earl of Iddesleigh
11170:Conservatives 4 Cities
10861:Scottish Conservatives
9903:National Liberal Party
9878:Liberal Unionist Party
8193:1890 British Ultimatum
8040:
7833:The Duke of Devonshire
7770:The Duke of Devonshire
7661:The Earl of Iddesleigh
7448:The Viscount Cranbrook
7371:Sir Stafford Northcote
7204:R. H. Williams (ed.),
7170:(Manchester UP, 2000).
7119:Middle Eastern Studies
7054:Searle, G. R. (2004).
6873:(4 volumes, 1921–32).
6647:(14 June 1978), p. 16.
6396:Helen Phtiaka (2005).
6089:(1932) pp 550, 647–648
5771:Paul Brighton (2016).
5272:24 June 1885
5227:Secretary for Scotland
5170:27 June 1885
5039:24 June 1885
5005:24 June 1885
4926:24 June 1885
4887:The Viscount Cranbrook
4863:24 June 1885
4829:24 June 1885
4795:24 June 1885
4761:24 June 1885
4727:24 June 1885
4722:The Viscount Cranbrook
4693:24 June 1885
4659:29 June 1885
4654:The Earl of Iddesleigh
4625:23 June 1885
4506:, was named after her.
4502:, launched in 1899 on
4400:Bering Sea Arbitration
2943:
2710:
2696:
2673:near the west door of
2622:Honours and retirement
2610:
2480:South African Republic
2376:
2310:
2130:1890 British Ultimatum
2067:Naval Defence Act 1889
2033:Edward Walter Hamilton
2020:
1995:Second term: 1886–1892
1889:
1795:
1780:Sir Stafford Northcote
1701:
1635:
1584:
1424:
1224:Sir Stafford Northcote
1206:in 1854 and served as
597:Parliamentary offices
574:Sir Stafford Northcote
529:The Viscount Cranbrook
377:The Earl of Iddesleigh
13057:Knights of the Garter
12494:The Earl of Carnarvon
12326:Sir Frederick Stanley
12131:Portal:United Kingdom
11512:Ulster Unionist Party
11265:Tory Green Initiative
11180:Conservatives at Work
9898:National Party (1917)
9639:Ponsonby of Shulbrede
8286:Marquess of Salisbury
8039:
7948:Marquess of Salisbury
7707:The Earl of Kimberley
7651:The Earl of Kimberley
7135:26.2 (2007): 203–224.
7133:Parliamentary history
6824:and H. Cecil (eds.),
5950:David Steele (2002).
5504:G. R. Searle (2004).
5376:Marquess of Salisbury
5370:from June 1865 until
5165:The Earl of Carnarvon
4195:Hispanic conservatism
4185:Conservative feminism
3709:Traditionalist School
2702:
2691:
2647:Royal Victorian Order
2605:
2601:splendid isolationist
2520:Union of South Africa
2370:
2333:Further information:
2308:
2299:Further information:
2281:second Home Rule Bill
2188:London County Council
2164:Cape to Cairo Railway
2008:
1999:Further information:
1927:Further information:
1918:First term: 1885–1886
1860:
1803:Further information:
1793:
1765:along with Disraeli.
1706:Hertfordshire Militia
1691:
1679:Great Eastern Railway
1620:
1582:
1558:Further information:
1418:
1407:, which he declined.
1354:Christ Church, Oxford
1326:, chief ministers of
1324:1st Earl of Salisbury
1302:Early life: 1830–1852
1259:1895 general election
1255:1892 general election
1235:Home Rule for Ireland
1052:Christ Church, Oxford
332:The Earl of Kimberley
32:Marquess of Salisbury
12815:The Earl of Rosebery
12790:The Earl of Aberdeen
12532:The Duke of Richmond
12431:The Duke of Richmond
12389:Lord George Hamilton
12288:The Earl of Harrowby
11250:Popular Conservatism
11195:COVID Recovery Group
10986:Conservatives Abroad
10887:London Conservatives
10562:Leadership elections
9888:Irish Unionist Party
9863:Carlton Club meeting
9848:Tariff Reform League
8268:Victoria & Abdul
8220:Sixty Glorious Years
8130:Lady Gwendolen Cecil
7958:James Gascoyne-Cecil
7941:James Gascoyne-Cecil
7892:The Viscount Goschen
7734:The Earl of Rosebery
7678:The Earl of Rosebery
7548:The Earl of Rosebery
7271:UK National Archives
7197:John Vincent (ed.),
7090:Seton-Watson, R. W.
7026:5#1 (1935): 87–106.
6846:4 March 2017 at the
6592:H.C.G. Matthew, ed.
6102:2.3 (1978): 219–236
6053:J. A. S. Grenville,
5722:John Vincent (ed.),
5233:The Duke of Richmond
5034:The Duke of Richmond
4955:Lord George Hamilton
4756:The Earl of Harrowby
4493:Lady Gwendolen Cecil
4409:The British phrase '
4357:The Salisbury Review
4271:Small-c conservative
4158:Anti-gender movement
2653:Last year: 1902–1903
2552:Imperial German Navy
2219:The "black man" was
1829:. Salisbury said in
1567:Robert Dudley Baxter
957:; died
832:John Charles Herries
804:Member of Parliament
661:The Earl of Rosebery
637:The Earl of Rosebery
431:The Earl of Rosebery
388:The Earl of Rosebery
135:The Earl of Rosebery
12858:Society and culture
12456:William Henry Smith
12345:William Henry Smith
11370:European Foundation
11255:Renewing One Nation
11200:European Foundation
11115:Conservative Health
11022:The Atlantic Bridge
10991:LGBT+ Conservatives
10981:Young Conservatives
10866:Welsh Conservatives
10700:July–September 2022
10600:Thatcher re-elected
9609:Curzon of Kedleston
7121:50.1 (2014): 43–60.
6970:Langer, William L.
6965:Conservative Essays
6940:16#1 (2005): 23–55.
6908:Grenville, J. A. S.
6863:(1927) pp 277–314.
6831:Bright, J. Franck.
6693:Conservative Essays
6671:Conservative Essays
6658:Mill and Liberalism
6291:William L. Langer,
6222:Judd and Surridge,
6070:(1967) 17: 131–164
6031:17 (1967): 131–164.
5456:history.blog.gov.uk
5097:William Henry Smith
4858:William Henry Smith
4583:
4476:Sir Edward Alderson
4435:from 1963 to 1979,
4431:from 1953 to 1963,
4308:Politics portal
4244:Right-wing politics
3675:Jewish conservatism
3650:Christian democracy
3116:Social institutions
2891:Collective identity
2886:Class collaboration
2704:Statue of Salisbury
2542:German naval issues
2375:by J.S. Pughe, 1895
2349:President Cleveland
2152:Hermenegildo Capelo
2142:", produced by the
2091:Battle of Trafalgar
2077:, thirty-eight new
1956:Manchester Guardian
1763:Order of the Garter
1716:by his eldest son.
1708:, which became the
1535:proposed a type of
1506:Sermon on the Mount
1247:Scramble for Africa
44:The Most Honourable
12513:The Lord Ashbourne
12467:Postmaster General
12176:of Prime Minister
11490:European Democrats
11032:Common Sense Group
9833:Tamworth Manifesto
9714:Royall of Blaisdon
9694:Cledwyn of Penrhos
9183:Campbell-Bannerman
8753:Campbell-Bannerman
8236:Edward the Seventh
8228:The Prime Minister
8212:In popular culture
8183:Congress of Berlin
8142:Lord William Cecil
8112:Lord Eustace Cecil
8041:
7848:Served alongside:
7780:The Viscount Cross
7634:The Earl Granville
7567:The Earl Granville
7531:The Earl Granville
7475:The Earl Granville
7431:The Duke of Argyll
7396:Political offices
7128:(Routledge, 2019).
7124:Wang, Shih-tsung.
7002:14#4 (2000): 1–26.
6953:Thomas P. Hughes,
6950:, Vol. LXXV, 1960.
6852:Brumpton, Paul R.
6812:Bentley, Michael.
6594:Gladstone Diaries,
6509:Retail Price Index
6485:The London Gazette
6213:(2004) pp 274–310.
6135:5.1 (1976): 35–52.
6100:Diplomatic History
6044:(1970) pp 147–178.
5859:The New York Times
5839:Portuguese Studies
5797:J.A.S. Grenville,
5757:Paul Smith (ed.),
5368:Viscount Cranborne
5339:Splendid isolation
5214:February 1886
5199:The Lord Ashbourne
5125:Postmaster General
4622:(head of ministry)
4596:Left office
4582:
4474:, the daughter of
4168:Black conservatism
4097:Related ideologies
3687:Theravada Buddhism
3080:Organised religion
2984:Complementarianism
2711:
2697:
2564:Bernhard von Bülow
2548:Alfred von Tirpitz
2532:Sir Redvers Buller
2503:Joseph Chamberlain
2377:
2341:Splendid isolation
2323:Splendid isolation
2311:
2237:Imperial Institute
2095:two-power standard
2085:and four new fast
2047:splendid isolation
2021:
1796:
1759:Congress of Berlin
1702:
1585:
1427:Cecil entered the
1425:
1314:and Frances Mary,
1251:Irish nationalists
1220:Congress of Berlin
1197:splendid isolation
769:Hereditary peerage
517:The Duke of Argyll
476:The Earl Granville
420:The Earl Granville
282:The Viscount Cross
13037:English Anglicans
12954:
12953:
12948:
12947:
12800:Benjamin Disraeli
12785:The Earl of Derby
12780:Lord John Russell
12664:
12663:
12560:
12559:
12475:Lord John Manners
12307:Sir Richard Cross
12250:The Lord Halsbury
12191:Foreign Secretary
12140:
12139:
11555:
11554:
11525:
11524:
11521:
11520:
11393:
11392:
11325:
11324:
11321:
11320:
11270:Tory Reform Group
11190:Cornerstone Group
10931:
10930:
10927:
10926:
10739:
10738:
10552:
10551:
10548:
10547:
10035:
9915:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9823:Electoral history
9732:
9731:
9719:Smith of Basildon
8985:
8984:
8314:
8313:
8154:Lord Edward Cecil
8047:General elections
7969:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7955:Succeeded by
7921:Succeeded by
7889:Succeeded by
7875:The Earl of Derby
7867:Academic offices
7857:Succeeded by
7846:1881–1902
7830:Succeeded by
7794:Succeeded by
7767:Succeeded by
7748:Succeeded by
7721:Succeeded by
7714:Foreign Secretary
7675:Succeeded by
7668:Foreign Secretary
7648:Succeeded by
7621:Succeeded by
7591:Succeeded by
7564:Succeeded by
7545:Succeeded by
7538:Foreign Secretary
7499:Succeeded by
7472:Succeeded by
7465:Foreign Secretary
7458:The Earl of Derby
7445:Succeeded by
7418:Succeeded by
7404:The Earl of Ripon
7389:Viscount Ingestre
7382:Succeeded by
7361:Frederic Thesiger
7356:1853–1868
7344:Frederic Thesiger
7163:#49. 2004. pp 3+.
7083:Shannon, Richard
6859:Cecil, Algernon.
6656:Maurice Cowling,
6605:Maurice Cowling,
6321:(1983) pp 136–37.
6317:Paul M. Kennedy,
6295:(1951) pp 433–42.
6282:(2004) pp 284–87.
6265:(2010): 194–223.
6239:(2004) pp 287–91.
6226:(2013) pp 55–302.
6161:(1994) pp 483–522
6148:(1964) pp 235–64.
6005:(1978) pp 63–110.
5744:Richard Shannon,
5440:978-0-521-15255-6
5387:Alec Douglas-Home
5364:Lord Robert Cecil
5293:
5292:
5131:Lord John Manners
4824:Frederick Stanley
4790:Sir Richard Cross
4688:The Lord Halsbury
4593:Took office
4472:Georgina Alderson
4437:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
4427:, from 1890, the
4425:Southern Rhodesia
4362:Michael Oakeshott
4344:
4343:
4207:LGBT conservatism
4190:Conservative wave
3852:National variants
3721:Personal variants
3680:Religious Zionism
2896:Cultural heritage
2869:Ancestral worship
2675:Westminster Abbey
2574:Otto von Bismarck
2528:Winston Churchill
2484:Orange Free State
2413:Venezuelan crisis
2319:foreign secretary
1971:In July 1885 the
1950:Pall Mall Gazette
1945:Thames Embankment
1897:Sir Charles Dilke
1776:Alec Douglas-Home
1746:Lord John Manners
1726:Benjamin Disraeli
1611:Lord John Manners
1502:Lord John Russell
1491:John Douglas Cook
1457:Church of England
1449:secular education
1239:Liberal Unionists
1193:Foreign Secretary
1104:
1103:
939:Georgina Alderson
849:
848:
579:
578:
551:The Earl of Derby
465:The Earl of Derby
299:Foreign Secretary
16:(Redirected from
13159:
13137:UK MPs 1865–1868
13132:UK MPs 1859–1865
13127:UK MPs 1857–1859
13122:UK MPs 1852–1857
13072:Lords Privy Seal
12938:
12937:
12766:Prime ministers
12691:
12684:
12677:
12668:
12667:
12657:
12649:
12641:
12633:
12625:
12617:
12609:
12587:
12580:
12573:
12564:
12563:
12216:
12167:
12160:
12153:
12144:
12143:
12129:
12117:
12116:
11952:
11594:
11593:
11582:
11575:
11568:
11559:
11558:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11537:
11536:
11535:
11410:
11409:
11399:
11398:
11331:
11330:
11005:Factional groups
10969:Sectional groups
10948:
10947:
10937:
10936:
10756:
10755:
10745:
10744:
10622:Major re-elected
10558:
10557:
10207:
10206:Chairmen (1911–)
10102:
10051:
10036:
10030:
10005:
10004:House of Commons
9938:
9932:
9931:
9921:
9920:
9858:Coalition Coupon
9787:
9786:
9776:
9775:
9768:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9736:
9735:
9271:Pethick-Lawrence
9027:House of Commons
9012:
9005:
8998:
8989:
8988:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8958:
8951:
8944:
8937:
8930:
8923:
8916:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8888:
8881:
8874:
8867:
8860:
8853:
8846:
8839:
8832:
8825:
8818:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8734:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8692:
8685:
8678:
8671:
8664:
8657:
8650:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8608:
8601:
8594:
8587:
8580:
8573:
8566:
8559:
8552:
8545:
8538:
8531:
8524:
8522:Pitt the Younger
8517:
8510:
8508:Pitt the Younger
8490:
8488:Pitt the Younger
8483:
8476:
8469:
8462:
8455:
8448:
8441:
8434:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8406:
8399:
8392:
8385:
8383:Walpole (Orford)
8354:
8347:
8340:
8331:
8330:
8318:
8317:
8306:Bob's your uncle
8252:Murder by Decree
8203:Fashoda Incident
7996:
7989:
7982:
7973:
7972:
7938:Preceded by
7904:Preceded by
7899:Honorary titles
7872:Preceded by
7809:Preceded by
7777:Preceded by
7731:Preceded by
7704:Preceded by
7685:Preceded by
7658:Preceded by
7631:Preceded by
7574:Preceded by
7528:Preceded by
7509:Preceded by
7482:Preceded by
7455:Preceded by
7428:Preceded by
7401:Preceded by
7337:Preceded by
7327:
7326:
7315:
7314:
7305:
7279:
7274:
7250:Internet Archive
7156:(2003) 2:1153–55
7075:Shannon, Richard
7071:
6896:
6888:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6742:
6733:
6727:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6696:
6689:
6683:
6680:
6674:
6667:
6661:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6629:
6623:
6618:Peter T. Marsh,
6616:
6610:
6603:
6597:
6590:
6584:
6577:
6571:
6564:
6558:
6551:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6452:"Court Circular"
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6393:
6387:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6353:
6347:
6340:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6315:
6309:
6302:
6296:
6289:
6283:
6276:
6270:
6259:
6253:
6246:
6240:
6233:
6227:
6220:
6214:
6207:
6201:
6194:
6188:
6181:
6175:
6168:
6162:
6157:Peter T. Marsh,
6155:
6149:
6142:
6136:
6129:
6123:
6113:
6107:
6096:
6090:
6087:Grover Cleveland
6080:
6074:
6064:
6058:
6057:(1964) pp 54–73.
6051:
6045:
6040:Kenneth Bourne,
6038:
6032:
6025:
6019:
6012:
6006:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5947:
5941:
5934:
5928:
5914:
5908:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5855:
5848:
5842:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5808:
5802:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5768:
5762:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5735:Vincent, p. 523.
5733:
5727:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5677:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5637:
5618:
5613:Andrew Roberts,
5611:
5522:
5521:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5409:
5393:
5391:House of Commons
5384:
5378:
5360:
5289:
5287:
5279:
5277:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5243:
5221:
5219:
5211:
5209:
5187:
5185:
5177:
5175:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5141:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5107:
5085:
5083:
5075:
5073:
5056:
5054:
5046:
5044:
5022:
5020:
5012:
5010:
4977:
4975:
4967:
4965:
4943:
4941:
4933:
4931:
4909:
4907:
4899:
4897:
4880:
4878:
4870:
4868:
4846:
4844:
4836:
4834:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4800:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4766:
4744:
4742:
4734:
4732:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4698:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4560:This section is
4411:Bob's your uncle
4366:Quarterly Review
4336:
4329:
4322:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4249:Authoritarianism
4200:in United States
4163:Anti-immigration
4113:Communitarianism
4108:Clerical fascism
3354:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
3111:Social hierarchy
3033:Moral absolutism
2948:
2753:
2730:
2729:
2546:In 1897 Admiral
2426:Grover Cleveland
2397:Open Door Policy
2389:Fashoda Incident
2221:Dadabhai Naoroji
1639:Quarterly Review
1624:political ethics
1533:John Stuart Mill
1477:Quarterly Review
1429:House of Commons
1422:
1204:House of Commons
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1096:
1041:(did not finish)
962:
960:
956:
952:
905:
888:
886:
874:Personal details
840:
828:
819:
793:
781:
772:
740:
730:
720:
711:
699:
689:
679:
670:
658:
648:
627:
618:
593:
592:
570:
562:The Earl de Grey
558:
548:
539:
525:
513:
501:
492:
473:
461:
449:
440:
428:
416:
406:
397:
385:
373:
363:
354:
340:
328:
318:
309:
290:
278:
268:
259:
234:
233:
225:
215:
198:
186:
174:
157:
143:
131:
101:
81:
71:
39:
38:
21:
13167:
13166:
13162:
13161:
13160:
13158:
13157:
13156:
12957:
12956:
12955:
12950:
12949:
12944:
12921:
12831:
12775:Sir Robert Peel
12718:
12714:Edwardian era →
12700:
12695:
12665:
12660:
12652:
12644:
12636:
12628:
12620:
12612:
12604:
12596:
12591:
12561:
12556:
12551:Edward Stanhope
12537:
12518:
12499:
12480:
12461:
12442:
12437:Edward Stanhope
12417:
12402:
12394:
12375:
12356:
12331:
12312:
12293:
12280:Lord Privy Seal
12274:
12255:
12242:Lord Chancellor
12236:
12217:
12208:
12193:
12189:
12181:
12171:
12141:
12136:
12104:
12072:
12066:
11959:
11953:
11944:
11598:
11588:
11586:
11556:
11551:
11543:
11541:
11533:
11531:
11517:
11504:
11498:
11492:
11486:
11480:
11474:
11463:
11457:
11445:
11437:
11426:
11420:
11404:
11403:Party alliances
11389:
11380:Policy Exchange
11336:
11317:
11284:
11235:No Turning Back
11000:
10964:
10942:
10923:
10907:
10891:
10875:
10844:
10828:
10805:
10789:
10750:
10749:Party structure
10735:
10563:
10544:
10506:
10205:
10199:
10101:Leaders (1922–)
10100:
10094:
10039:
10029:
10007:
10003:
9997:
9940:
9936:
9926:
9907:
9843:Primrose League
9801:
9781:
9770:
9766:
9763:
9733:
9728:
9499:Derby (Stanley)
9425:
9021:
9016:
8986:
8981:
8969:
8961:
8954:
8947:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8919:
8912:
8905:
8898:
8891:
8884:
8877:
8870:
8863:
8856:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8814:
8807:
8800:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8751:
8744:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8716:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8681:
8674:
8667:
8660:
8653:
8646:
8639:
8632:
8625:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8541:
8534:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8493:
8486:
8479:
8472:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8444:
8437:
8430:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8402:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8368:
8358:
8323:
8315:
8310:
8296:Second Boer War
8274:
8260:Jack the Ripper
8207:
8171:
8094:
8078:
8042:
8031:
8005:
8000:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7951:
7943:
7926:
7917:
7909:
7894:
7885:
7877:
7862:
7847:
7845:
7835:
7826:
7814:
7799:
7790:
7787:Lord Privy Seal
7782:
7772:
7763:
7753:
7744:
7736:
7726:
7717:
7709:
7698:
7690:
7680:
7671:
7663:
7653:
7644:
7636:
7626:
7617:
7606:
7596:
7587:
7579:
7569:
7560:
7550:
7541:
7533:
7522:
7514:
7504:
7495:
7487:
7477:
7468:
7460:
7450:
7441:
7433:
7423:
7414:
7406:
7391:
7387:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7357:
7355:
7346:
7342:
7320:
7265:
7242:
7184:
7182:Primary sources
7149:
7068:
7034:Roberts, Andrew
7012:Paul, Herbert.
6929:Kennedy, A. L.
6848:Wayback Machine
6792:
6790:Further reading
6787:
6777:
6775:
6740:
6734:
6730:
6726:, 30 July 2012.
6712:
6708:
6703:
6699:
6690:
6686:
6681:
6677:
6668:
6664:
6655:
6651:
6643:
6639:
6630:
6626:
6617:
6613:
6604:
6600:
6591:
6587:
6578:
6574:
6565:
6561:
6557:(1970), p. 132.
6552:
6548:
6539:
6535:
6525:
6523:
6506:
6502:
6497:
6493:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6461:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6424:"News in Brief"
6422:
6421:
6417:
6410:
6394:
6390:
6381:
6377:
6370:
6354:
6350:
6341:
6337:
6329:
6325:
6316:
6312:
6306:Lord Salisbury,
6303:
6299:
6290:
6286:
6277:
6273:
6260:
6256:
6247:
6243:
6234:
6230:
6221:
6217:
6208:
6204:
6200:(2013) pp 1–54.
6195:
6191:
6182:
6178:
6170:Iain R. Smith,
6169:
6165:
6156:
6152:
6143:
6139:
6130:
6126:
6114:
6110:
6097:
6093:
6081:
6077:
6065:
6061:
6052:
6048:
6039:
6035:
6026:
6022:
6013:
6009:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5948:
5944:
5935:
5931:
5921:William Crookes
5915:
5911:
5899:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5871:
5867:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5841:6 (1990): 173+.
5836:
5832:
5819:(87): 340–369.
5809:
5805:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5769:
5765:
5756:
5752:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5721:
5717:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5638:
5621:
5612:
5525:
5518:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5385:
5381:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5285:
5283:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5267:Edward Stanhope
5251:
5249:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5217:
5215:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5183:
5181:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5149:
5147:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5115:
5113:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5081:
5079:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5063:Edward Stanhope
5052:
5050:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5018:
5016:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4973:
4971:
4963:
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4957:
4939:
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4929:
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4923:
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4903:
4895:
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4889:
4876:
4874:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4842:
4840:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4774:
4772:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4750:Lord Privy Seal
4740:
4738:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4682:Lord Chancellor
4672:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4580:
4569:
4558:
4553:
4460:
4374:Michael Bentley
4340:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4281:
4280:
4141:
4133:
4132:
4098:
4090:
4089:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3722:
3714:
3713:
3655:Christian right
3645:
3637:
3636:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3101:Public morality
3096:Property rights
3070:Ordered liberty
2945:Noblesse oblige
2906:Culture of life
2901:Cultural values
2864:
2856:
2855:
2761:
2725:Maurice Cowling
2686:
2655:
2624:
2615:
2613:Domestic policy
2544:
2476:
2474:Second Boer War
2470:
2468:Second Boer War
2450:Kruger telegram
2442:
2434:Lord Landsdowne
2430:Monroe Doctrine
2409:
2355:'s border with
2337:
2331:
2303:
2297:
2275:National Review
2263:
2201:Gainsford Bruce
2197:
2184:
2182:Domestic policy
2132:
2126:
2081:, eighteen new
2063:Austria-Hungary
2042:
2025:Lord Hartington
2003:
1997:
1989:Irish Home Rule
1969:
1935:National Review
1931:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1846:National Review
1816:Malcolm MacColl
1807:
1801:
1799:Reform Act 1884
1784:Richard Shannon
1771:
1755:
1722:
1714:Second Boer War
1659:
1562:
1560:Reform Act 1867
1556:
1554:Reform Act 1867
1531:. When in 1867
1521:
1471:Saturday Review
1413:
1393:Mount Alexander
1358:Oxford movement
1304:
1158:
1135:
1131:
1109:
1084:
1030:
1010:
964:
948:
944:
941:
923:Political party
907:
903:
890:
889:3 February 1830
884:
882:
838:
826:
820:
815:
806:
791:
779:
773:
766:
761:
738:
728:
718:
712:
707:
697:
687:
677:
671:
666:
656:
646:
641:
625:
619:
614:
598:
568:
556:
546:
540:
535:
523:
511:
499:
493:
488:
471:
459:
447:
441:
436:
426:
414:
404:
398:
393:
383:
371:
361:
355:
350:
338:
326:
316:
310:
305:
288:
276:
266:
260:
255:
239:
223:
213:
199:
194:
184:
172:
158:
153:
141:
129:
124:
102:
97:
72:
51:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13165:
13155:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
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13049:
13044:
13039:
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13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
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13004:
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12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12952:
12951:
12946:
12945:
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12926:
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12922:
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12912:
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12910:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12839:
12837:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12829:
12824:
12822:Queen Victoria
12819:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12764:
12759:
12758:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12739:
12737:British empire
12734:
12728:
12726:
12720:
12719:
12717:
12716:
12711:
12709:← Georgian era
12705:
12702:
12701:
12694:
12693:
12686:
12679:
12671:
12662:
12661:
12659:
12658:
12650:
12642:
12634:
12626:
12618:
12610:
12601:
12598:
12597:
12590:
12589:
12582:
12575:
12567:
12558:
12557:
12555:
12554:
12547:
12545:
12539:
12538:
12536:
12535:
12528:
12526:
12520:
12519:
12517:
12516:
12509:
12507:
12501:
12500:
12498:
12497:
12490:
12488:
12482:
12481:
12479:
12478:
12471:
12469:
12463:
12462:
12460:
12459:
12452:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12434:
12427:
12425:
12419:
12418:
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12415:
12408:
12406:
12396:
12395:
12393:
12392:
12385:
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12377:
12376:
12374:
12373:
12366:
12364:
12358:
12357:
12355:
12354:
12348:
12341:
12339:
12333:
12332:
12330:
12329:
12322:
12320:
12314:
12313:
12311:
12310:
12303:
12301:
12299:Home Secretary
12295:
12294:
12292:
12291:
12284:
12282:
12276:
12275:
12273:
12272:
12265:
12263:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12253:
12246:
12244:
12238:
12237:
12235:
12234:
12227:
12225:
12219:
12218:
12211:
12209:
12207:
12206:
12199:
12197:
12187:Prime Minister
12183:
12182:
12170:
12169:
12162:
12155:
12147:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12134:
12122:
12109:
12106:
12105:
12103:
12102:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12076:
12074:
12068:
12067:
12065:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11963:
11961:
11955:
11954:
11947:
11945:
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11942:
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11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11837:
11832:
11827:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11606:
11604:
11600:
11599:
11585:
11584:
11577:
11570:
11562:
11553:
11552:
11530:
11527:
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11523:
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11519:
11518:
11516:
11515:
11505:
11499:
11493:
11487:
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11475:
11464:
11458:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11438:
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11416:
11414:
11406:
11405:
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11394:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11341:
11338:
11337:
11327:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11319:
11318:
11316:
11315:
11310:
11309:
11308:
11303:
11292:
11290:
11286:
11285:
11283:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11008:
11006:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10972:
10970:
10966:
10965:
10963:
10962:
10954:
10952:
10944:
10943:
10933:
10932:
10929:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10921:
10915:
10913:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10905:
10899:
10897:
10893:
10892:
10890:
10889:
10883:
10881:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10852:
10850:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10842:
10836:
10834:
10830:
10829:
10827:
10826:
10825:
10824:
10817:1922 Committee
10813:
10811:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10803:
10797:
10795:
10791:
10790:
10788:
10787:
10782:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10778:
10762:
10760:
10752:
10751:
10741:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10721:
10720:
10719:
10709:
10708:
10707:
10697:
10696:
10695:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10673:
10672:
10671:
10661:
10660:
10659:
10649:
10648:
10647:
10637:
10636:
10635:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10603:
10602:
10601:
10593:
10592:
10591:
10581:
10580:
10579:
10568:
10565:
10564:
10554:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10546:
10545:
10543:
10542:
10541:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10470:
10461:
10452:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10419:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10235:N. Chamberlain
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10215:Steel-Maitland
10211:
10209:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10120:N. Chamberlain
10117:
10112:
10106:
10104:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10092:
10090:A. Chamberlain
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10037:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10011:
10009:
9999:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9944:
9942:
9937:House of Lords
9928:
9927:
9917:
9916:
9913:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9799:
9793:
9791:
9783:
9782:
9772:
9771:
9762:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9739:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9435:
9433:
9431:House of Lords
9427:
9426:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
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7240:External links
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7175:History Today,
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7166:Lowry, Donal.
7164:
7161:History Review
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7147:Historiography
7145:
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7138:Weston, C. C.
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7087:(1996). 569pp.
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12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12767:
12765:
12763:
12762:Pax Britannia
12760:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12742:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12729:
12727:
12725:
12721:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12706:
12703:
12699:
12698:Victorian era
12692:
12687:
12685:
12680:
12678:
12673:
12672:
12669:
12655:
12651:
12647:
12643:
12639:
12635:
12631:
12627:
12623:
12619:
12615:
12611:
12607:
12603:
12602:
12599:
12595:
12588:
12583:
12581:
12576:
12574:
12569:
12568:
12565:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12533:
12530:
12529:
12527:
12525:
12521:
12514:
12511:
12510:
12508:
12506:
12502:
12495:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12483:
12476:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12464:
12457:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12445:
12438:
12435:
12432:
12429:
12428:
12426:
12424:
12420:
12413:
12410:
12409:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12397:
12390:
12387:
12386:
12384:
12382:
12378:
12371:
12368:
12367:
12365:
12363:
12359:
12352:
12349:
12346:
12343:
12342:
12340:
12338:
12334:
12327:
12324:
12323:
12321:
12319:
12315:
12308:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12300:
12296:
12289:
12286:
12285:
12283:
12281:
12277:
12270:
12267:
12266:
12264:
12262:
12258:
12251:
12248:
12247:
12245:
12243:
12239:
12232:
12229:
12228:
12226:
12224:
12220:
12215:
12204:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12196:
12192:
12188:
12184:
12179:
12175:
12168:
12163:
12161:
12156:
12154:
12149:
12148:
12145:
12133:
12132:
12128:
12123:
12121:
12120:
12111:
12110:
12107:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12077:
12075:
12069:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11964:
11962:
11956:
11951:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11925:Gordon Walker
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11592:
11583:
11578:
11576:
11571:
11569:
11564:
11563:
11560:
11550:
11540:
11528:
11513:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11500:
11497:
11494:
11491:
11488:
11485:
11482:
11479:
11476:
11472:
11468:
11465:
11462:
11459:
11455:
11454:
11452:
11448:
11442:
11439:
11435:
11431:
11428:
11425:
11422:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11411:
11407:
11400:
11396:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11342:
11339:
11332:
11328:
11314:
11311:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11287:
11281:
11280:Five Families
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11260:Selsdon Group
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11003:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10961:
10960:
10956:
10955:
10953:
10949:
10945:
10938:
10934:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10914:
10910:
10904:
10901:
10900:
10898:
10894:
10888:
10885:
10884:
10882:
10878:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10847:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10831:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10810:Parliamentary
10808:
10802:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10792:
10786:
10783:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10772:
10769:
10768:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10753:
10746:
10742:
10730:
10727:
10726:
10725:
10722:
10718:
10715:
10714:
10713:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10698:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10674:
10670:
10667:
10666:
10665:
10662:
10658:
10655:
10654:
10653:
10650:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10641:
10638:
10634:
10631:
10630:
10629:
10626:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10604:
10599:
10598:
10597:
10594:
10590:
10587:
10586:
10585:
10582:
10578:
10575:
10574:
10573:
10570:
10569:
10566:
10559:
10555:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10516:
10515:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10208:
10202:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10107:
10105:
10103:
10097:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10050:
10046:
10042:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10006:
10000:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9945:
9943:
9939:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9918:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9804:
9798:
9795:
9794:
9792:
9790:Organisations
9788:
9784:
9777:
9773:
9769:
9760:
9755:
9753:
9748:
9746:
9741:
9740:
9737:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9432:
9428:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9013:
9008:
9006:
9001:
8999:
8994:
8993:
8990:
8977:
8968:
8967:
8964:
8957:
8953:
8950:
8946:
8943:
8939:
8936:
8932:
8929:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8904:
8901:
8897:
8894:
8890:
8887:
8883:
8880:
8876:
8873:
8869:
8866:
8862:
8859:
8855:
8852:
8848:
8845:
8841:
8838:
8834:
8831:
8827:
8824:
8820:
8817:
8813:
8810:
8806:
8803:
8799:
8796:
8792:
8789:
8785:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8705:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8687:
8684:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8663:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8649:
8645:
8642:
8638:
8635:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8617:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8589:
8586:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8572:
8568:
8565:
8561:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8496:
8489:
8485:
8482:
8478:
8475:
8471:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8450:
8447:
8443:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8401:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8374:Great Britain
8371:
8366:
8362:
8355:
8350:
8348:
8343:
8341:
8336:
8335:
8332:
8326:
8319:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8270:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8174:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8038:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8008:
8004:
7997:
7992:
7990:
7985:
7983:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7959:
7950:
7949:
7942:
7936:
7933:
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6248:Elie Halévy,
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6237:A New England
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3194:Chateaubriand
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3006:Law and order
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2969:Family values
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2811:Paternalistic
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2766:Authoritarian
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2576:'s policy of
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2195:Controversies
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2156:Roberto Ivens
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2083:torpedo boats
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2018:
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2012:
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1992:
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1978:
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1964:
1962:
1958:
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1940:Laissez-faire
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1806:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1602:habeas corpus
1598:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:Orissa famine
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:point d'appui
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1495:William Scott
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:on 22 August
1434:
1430:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:Lincoln's Inn
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:Hertfordshire
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Lord Burghley
1317:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
940:
935:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
915:
913:Resting place
911:
901:
897:
893:
881:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
842:
836:
833:
830:
824:
818:
813:
810:
805:
801:
798:
795:
789:
786:
783:
777:
771:
770:
764:
760:
759:
758:Lord Temporal
753:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:
726:
722:
716:
710:
705:
701:
695:
691:
685:
681:
675:
669:
664:
660:
654:
650:
644:
638:
635:
632:
631:
629:
623:
617:
612:
609:
605:
601:
594:
590:
586:
582:
575:
572:
566:
563:
560:
554:
550:
544:
538:
533:
530:
527:
521:
518:
515:
509:
506:
503:
497:
491:
486:
483:
479:
475:
469:
466:
463:
457:
454:
451:
445:
439:
434:
430:
424:
421:
418:
412:
408:
402:
396:
391:
387:
381:
378:
375:
369:
365:
359:
353:
348:
345:
342:
336:
333:
330:
324:
320:
314:
308:
303:
300:
296:
292:
286:
283:
280:
274:
270:
264:
258:
253:
250:
246:
242:
235:
231:
227:
221:
217:
211:
207:
203:
197:
192:
188:
182:
179:
176:
170:
166:
162:
156:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
133:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
13012:Cecil family
12930:Bibliography
12843:Demographics
12809:
12741:By location
12732:British Army
12621:
12202:
12177:
12124:
12112:
11972:Douglas-Home
11915:Douglas-Home
11819:
11804:
11789:
11779:
11355:Bruges Group
10957:
10759:Professional
10712:October 2022
10645:Duncan Smith
10475: /
10466: /
10457: /
10448: /
10424: /
10415: /
10391: /
10319:Thorneycroft
10282: /
10165:Duncan Smith
10140:Douglas-Home
10125:W. Churchill
10070:R. Churchill
10047: /
10043: /
10031:
9977:
9973:Beaconsfield
9873:Fourth Party
9838:Carlton Club
9573:
9558:
9548:
9544:Beaconsfield
9381:Duncan Smith
9316:Douglas-Home
8858:Douglas-Home
8767:Lloyd George
8738:
8717:
8703:
8432:G. Grenville
8271:(Film, 2017)
8266:
8258:
8255:(Film, 1979)
8250:
8242:
8234:
8231:(Film, 1941)
8226:
8223:(Film, 1938)
8218:
8083:Constituency
8002:
7946:
7912:
7880:
7849:
7840:
7817:
7785:
7758:
7739:
7712:
7693:
7666:
7639:
7612:
7601:
7582:
7555:
7536:
7517:
7490:
7463:
7436:
7409:
7359:
7349:
7340:John Herries
7254:
7229:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7139:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7111:
7101:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7056:
7047:
7037:
7023:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6991:Millman, R.
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6947:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6911:
6901:
6890:
6870:
6860:
6853:
6841:another copy
6832:
6825:
6813:
6803:
6796:
6776:. Retrieved
6748:
6744:
6731:
6724:Google Books
6714:
6709:
6700:
6692:
6687:
6678:
6670:
6665:
6657:
6652:
6644:
6640:
6632:
6627:
6619:
6614:
6606:
6601:
6593:
6588:
6580:
6579:Paul Smith,
6575:
6567:
6566:P.T. Marsh,
6562:
6554:
6549:
6541:
6536:
6524:. Retrieved
6518:
6503:
6494:
6483:
6474:
6462:. Retrieved
6455:
6446:
6434:. Retrieved
6427:
6418:
6398:
6391:
6383:
6378:
6358:
6351:
6343:
6338:
6326:
6318:
6313:
6305:
6300:
6292:
6287:
6279:
6274:
6262:
6257:
6249:
6244:
6236:
6231:
6223:
6218:
6210:
6205:
6197:
6192:
6184:
6179:
6171:
6166:
6158:
6153:
6145:
6140:
6132:
6127:
6116:
6111:
6099:
6094:
6086:
6083:Allan Nevins
6078:
6067:
6062:
6054:
6049:
6041:
6036:
6028:
6023:
6015:
6010:
6002:
6001:Paul Hayes,
5997:
5978:
5972:
5952:
5945:
5937:
5932:
5916:
5912:
5901:
5896:
5884:. Retrieved
5880:The Guardian
5878:
5868:
5857:
5846:
5838:
5833:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5798:
5793:
5773:
5766:
5758:
5753:
5745:
5740:
5731:
5723:
5718:
5708:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5680:
5675:
5664:
5652:
5644:
5614:
5506:
5499:
5479:
5472:
5463:
5455:
5449:
5428:
5425:Esling, John
5421:Setter, Jane
5417:Roach, Peter
5407:
5382:
5375:
5367:
5363:
5358:
4618:
4542:
4498:
4468:Conservative
4461:
4453:
4449:Cecil Rhodes
4419:
4408:
4397:
4386:
4379:
4370:Andrew Jones
4365:
4355:
4348:Robert Blake
4345:
4222:Para-fascism
4151:White Terror
3780:
3775:Maurrassisme
3773:
3766:
3727:Berlusconism
3660:Confucianism
3451:
3369:Solzhenitsyn
3359:Gómez Dávila
3141:Subsidiarity
3121:Social order
2979:Gender roles
2743:Conservatism
2716:Robert Blake
2712:
2679:
2660:
2656:
2636:
2625:
2616:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2577:
2567:
2556:Risikoflotte
2555:
2545:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2496:Jameson Raid
2477:
2458:Jameson Raid
2443:
2411:In 1895 the
2410:
2378:
2372:
2338:
2312:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2252:
2245:
2223:, an Indian
2218:
2209:Lord Compton
2203:had won the
2198:
2185:
2160:Cecil Rhodes
2133:
2107:
2043:
2022:
2014:
1986:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1890:
1884:Hartington's
1861:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1772:
1756:
1734:
1723:
1703:
1698:Vanity Fair'
1697:
1660:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1606:Carlton Club
1601:
1597:Lord Stanley
1594:
1590:
1586:
1571:
1563:
1541:
1522:
1509:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1453:ultramontane
1433:Conservative
1426:
1385:
1370:
1362:Oxford Union
1351:
1347:Eton College
1340:
1315:
1305:
1279:
1232:
1201:
1185:Conservative
1180:
1106:
1105:
1039:Eton College
927:Conservative
904:(1903-08-22)
839:Succeeded by
816:
792:Succeeded by
767:
756:
739:Succeeded by
708:
698:Succeeded by
667:
657:Succeeded by
615:
569:Succeeded by
536:
524:Succeeded by
489:
472:Succeeded by
437:
427:Succeeded by
394:
384:Succeeded by
351:
339:Succeeded by
306:
289:Succeeded by
256:
224:Succeeded by
195:
185:Succeeded by
154:
142:Succeeded by
98:
36:
12982:1903 deaths
12977:1830 births
12888:Masculinity
12656:(from 2003)
12648:(1972–2003)
12640:(1947–1972)
12632:(1903–1947)
12624:(1868–1903)
12616:(1823–1868)
12608:(1789–1823)
12534:(1885–1886)
12515:(1885–1886)
12496:(1885–1886)
12477:(1885–1886)
12439:(1885–1886)
12414:(1885–1886)
12391:(1885–1886)
12372:(1885–1886)
12347:(1885–1886)
12328:(1885–1886)
12309:(1885–1886)
12290:(1885–1886)
12271:(1885–1886)
12252:(1885–1886)
12233:(1885–1886)
12205:(1885–1886)
11850:Chamberlain
11680:Castlereagh
11350:Bright Blue
11335:Think tanks
11296:List of MPs
11289:Politicians
11230:No Campaign
11220:Monday Club
11210:Fresh Start
10849:Subnational
10065:Hicks Beach
10034:(1848–1849)
10008:(1834–1922)
9941:(1828–1922)
9709:Strathclyde
9193:Chamberlain
9163:Hicks Beach
8816:Chamberlain
8010:Premiership
7366:John Inglis
7259:1803–2005:
6977:Lowe, C. J.
6795:Adonis, A.
6778:24 February
6498:Smith, 2004
6480:"No. 27456"
6304:Grenville,
6144:Grenville,
5886:21 November
4562:transcluded
4123:Corporatism
4103:Agrarianism
4065:South Korea
4060:Switzerland
4010:New Zealand
4005:Netherlands
3830:Thatcherism
3798:Pinochetism
3697:Integralism
3416:Politicians
3234:Tocqueville
3199:Czartoryski
3136:Stewardship
3126:Sovereignty
3106:Rule of law
3048:Natural law
3043:Nationalism
3016:Maternalism
3001:Imperialism
2959:Familialism
2938:Meritocracy
2933:Aristocracy
2879:Traditional
2831:Reactionary
2826:Progressive
2796:Libertarian
2771:Corporatist
2593:Dreadnought
2579:Realpolitik
2569:Weltpolitik
2566:called for
2454:Paul Kruger
2255:Niger Delta
2118:marquessate
2075:battleships
2016:Vanity Fair
1981:Lord Wemyss
1977:R. A. Cross
1923:Appointment
1902:Reform Bill
1811:Reform Bill
1630:legerdemain
1377:Cape Colony
1328:Elizabeth I
1287:reactionary
1001:Lord Edward
827:Preceded by
780:Preceded by
729:Preceded by
688:Preceded by
647:Preceded by
557:Preceded by
512:Preceded by
460:Preceded by
415:Preceded by
372:Preceded by
327:Preceded by
277:Preceded by
214:Preceded by
173:Preceded by
130:Preceded by
12961:Categories
11992:Carrington
11800:Iddesleigh
11745:Malmesbury
11730:Malmesbury
11720:Palmerston
11710:Palmerston
11705:Wellington
11700:Palmerston
11640:Hawkesbury
11012:2020 group
10833:Conference
10473:Stephenson
10436:McLoughlin
10309:Carrington
9983:Devonshire
9958:Malmesbury
9948:Wellington
9925:Leadership
9684:Carrington
9679:Shackleton
9674:Carrington
9524:Malmesbury
9474:Wellington
9464:Wellington
9454:Wellington
9266:Lees-Smith
9148:Hartington
9123:Palmerston
8655:Palmerston
8641:Palmerston
8592:Wellington
8571:Wellington
8467:Rockingham
8439:Rockingham
8411:Devonshire
8390:Wilmington
8263:(TV, 1988)
8247:(TV, 1978)
8239:(TV, 1975)
8132:(daughter)
8126:(daughter)
7952:1868–1903
7918:1895–1903
7886:1869–1903
7827:1881–1902
7791:1900–1902
7764:1895–1902
7718:1895–1900
7699:1892–1895
7672:1887–1892
7645:1886–1892
7624:W.H. Smith
7618:1886–1887
7561:1885–1886
7542:1885–1886
7496:1881–1885
7469:1878–1880
7442:1874–1878
7415:1866–1867
7378:1866–1868
7188:Paul Smith
6984:Marsh, P.
6958:The Arena,
6869:Cecil, C.
6822:Lord Blake
6745:Perception
6308:pp 368–69.
5925:Vol. 69–70
5400:References
5372:his father
5286:1885-09-17
5276:1885-06-24
5252:1886-01-28
5242:1885-08-17
5184:1886-01-28
5174:1885-06-27
5116:1886-01-28
5106:1886-01-23
5082:1886-01-28
5072:1885-08-19
5053:1885-08-19
5043:1885-06-24
5019:1886-01-28
5009:1885-06-24
4940:1886-01-28
4930:1885-06-24
4906:1886-02-06
4896:1886-01-21
4877:1886-01-21
4867:1885-06-24
4843:1886-01-28
4833:1885-06-24
4809:1886-02-01
4799:1885-06-24
4775:1886-01-28
4765:1885-06-24
4741:1886-02-06
4731:1885-06-24
4707:1886-01-28
4697:1885-06-24
4673:1886-02-01
4663:1885-06-29
4639:1886-02-06
4629:1885-06-23
4504:Lake Nyasa
4466:, a minor
4398:After the
4227:Patriarchy
3990:Luxembourg
3868:Bangladesh
3813:Khomeinism
3757:Fujimorism
3747:Erdoğanism
3737:Cameronism
3497:De Gasperi
3462:Mannerheim
3437:Metternich
3279:Jabotinsky
3269:Chesterton
3239:Dostoevsky
3090:Patriotism
3075:Organicism
3021:Monarchism
2918:Discipline
2863:Principles
2643:Edward VII
2492:uitlanders
2488:Afrikaners
2361:Great Game
2071:Royal Navy
2051:Suez Canal
1741:Lord Derby
1643:Sunderland
1548:Blue Books
1525:Lord Derby
1282:Paul Smith
1212:Lord Derby
1047:Alma mater
885:1830-02-03
120:Edward VII
12908:Burlesque
12883:Jewellery
12863:Cosmetics
11977:Callaghan
11905:Macmillan
11855:Henderson
11845:MacDonald
11825:Lansdowne
11820:Salisbury
11815:Kimberley
11805:Salisbury
11790:Salisbury
11785:Granville
11780:Salisbury
11770:Granville
11765:Clarendon
11755:Clarendon
11740:Clarendon
11725:Granville
11675:Wellesley
11635:Grenville
11345:Bow Group
11306:2010–2015
11301:2005–2010
10794:Voluntary
10369:Parkinson
10364:Mawhinney
10324:Parkinson
10289:Blakenham
10135:Macmillan
10060:Northcote
9988:Lansdowne
9978:Salisbury
9704:Cranborne
9584:Kimberley
9569:Kimberley
9564:Granville
9554:Granville
9539:Granville
9519:Granville
9504:Granville
9479:Melbourne
9469:Melbourne
9439:Grenville
9341:Callaghan
9301:Gaitskell
9286:Churchill
9276:Greenwood
9251:Henderson
9241:MacDonald
9231:MacDonald
9168:Gladstone
9158:Gladstone
9153:Northcote
9143:Gladstone
9133:Gladstone
8886:Callaghan
8851:Macmillan
8837:Churchill
8823:Churchill
8802:MacDonald
8788:MacDonald
8739:Salisbury
8725:Gladstone
8718:Salisbury
8711:Gladstone
8704:Salisbury
8697:Gladstone
8683:Gladstone
8606:Melbourne
8585:Melbourne
8550:Liverpool
8515:Addington
8474:Shelburne
8418:Newcastle
8404:Newcastle
8114:(brother)
8027:1895-1902
8022:1886-1892
8017:1885–1886
7853:1881–1885
7373:1858–1866
7363:1853–1858
6921:Jones, A.
6645:The Times
6457:The Times
6429:The Times
5905:Volume IV
5694:Army List
5307:1895–1902
5296:1886–1892
4587:Portfolio
4556:1885–1886
4499:Gwendolen
4380:In 1967,
4050:Singapore
3950:Guatemala
3903:Hong Kong
3858:Australia
3825:Sarkozysm
3820:Reaganism
3793:Powellism
3752:Francoism
3742:Chiangism
3622:Bolsonaro
3607:Netanyahu
3602:Kaczyński
3512:De Gaulle
3487:Churchill
3452:Salisbury
3394:Mansfield
3374:Koselleck
3334:Oakeshott
3204:Coleridge
3146:Tradition
3085:Orthodoxy
2991:Historism
2874:Authority
2836:Religious
2821:Pragmatic
2591:HMS
2522:in 1910.
2446:Helgoland
2421:Venezuela
2385:an island
2353:Venezuela
1961:The Times
1887:demanded.
1872:Carnarvon
1832:The Times
1827:Hyde Park
1493:and Rev.
1292:demagogic
1089:Signature
1035:Education
894:, England
817:In office
709:In office
668:In office
616:In office
537:In office
490:In office
438:In office
395:In office
352:In office
307:In office
257:In office
196:In office
155:In office
99:In office
12940:Category
12898:Painting
12893:Morality
12755:Scotland
12090:Cleverly
12037:Miliband
11982:Crosland
11895:Morrison
11810:Rosebery
11795:Rosebery
11715:Aberdeen
11695:Aberdeen
11670:Bathurst
11650:Mulgrave
11645:Harrowby
11615:Grantham
11225:92 Group
11017:Activate
10589:Thatcher
10528:Whitelaw
10523:Maudling
10511:See also
10446:Cleverly
10314:Whitelaw
10270:Hailsham
10255:Assheton
10230:Davidson
10150:Thatcher
10055:Disraeli
10041:Disraeli
10020:Bentinck
9968:Richmond
9629:Hailsham
9579:Rosebery
9534:Richmond
9401:Miliband
9336:Thatcher
9296:Morrison
9256:Lansbury
9178:Harcourt
9138:Disraeli
9128:Disraeli
9118:Disraeli
9108:Disraeli
9103:Disraeli
9085:Bentinck
9045:Ponsonby
8976:Category
8893:Thatcher
8732:Rosebery
8676:Disraeli
8634:Aberdeen
8564:Goderich
8543:Perceval
8536:Portland
8481:Portland
8279:See also
8244:Disraeli
8168:(nephew)
8120:(father)
8090:Stamford
7352:Stamford
6914:(1964).
6883:(1911).
6844:Archived
6773:40998360
6765:17402670
6695:, p. 25.
6633:Disraeli
6278:Searle,
6267:in JSTOR
6235:Searle,
6209:Searle,
6183:Langer,
6072:in JSTOR
5427:(eds.).
5415:(2011).
5318:See also
4590:Minister
4497:SS
4441:Zimbabwe
4433:Rhodesia
4217:Nativism
4020:Pakistan
3995:Malaysia
3915:Colombia
3835:Trumpism
3803:Putinism
3788:Metaxism
3782:Mellismo
3762:Gaullism
3732:Bukelism
3670:Islamism
3665:Hindutva
3644:Religion
3592:Fujimori
3582:Thatcher
3577:Vajpayee
3542:Pinochet
3527:Khomeini
3517:Dollfuss
3492:Adenauer
3447:Bismarck
3442:Disraeli
3404:Peterson
3344:Lefebvre
3329:Voegelin
3299:Mannheim
3284:Savarkar
3274:Spengler
3209:Karamzin
3038:Natalism
3026:Royalism
2911:Pro-Life
2816:Populist
2806:National
2801:Moderate
2776:Cultural
2760:Variants
2735:a series
2733:Part of
2671:cenotaph
2401:Boer war
2233:Finsbury
2176:Zimbabwe
2140:Pink Map
2136:Portugal
2087:gunboats
2079:cruisers
1868:Richmond
1841:Henry VI
1737:Mytilene
1683:Chancery
1483:Standard
1445:Stamford
1405:Auckland
1397:Hatfield
1381:Tasmania
1322:and the
1216:Disraeli
1024:(father)
969:Children
809:Stamford
208:Victoria
167:Victoria
115:Victoria
108:Monarchs
12903:Theatre
12873:Fashion
12868:Erotica
12745:Ireland
12174:Cabinet
12095:Cameron
12052:Johnson
12047:Hammond
12032:Beckett
12017:Rifkind
11967:Stewart
11940:Stewart
11930:Stewart
11880:Halifax
11860:Reading
11835:Balfour
11760:Stanley
11750:Russell
11735:Russell
11685:Canning
11665:Canning
11413:Current
10693:Johnson
10669:Cameron
10455:Milling
10431:Feldman
10426:Feldman
10417:Feldman
10408:Pickles
10403:Spelman
10393:Saatchi
10294:du Cann
10280:Macleod
10260:Woolton
10250:Dugdale
10245:Hacking
10225:Jackson
10220:Younger
10185:Johnson
10175:Cameron
10115:Baldwin
10080:Balfour
10049:Herries
9780:History
9699:Richard
9659:Addison
9649:Addison
9634:Parmoor
9619:Parmoor
9614:Haldane
9589:Spencer
9514:Russell
9489:Stanley
9416:Starmer
9391:Cameron
9361:Beckett
9351:Kinnock
9246:Baldwin
9236:Baldwin
9226:Asquith
9221:Maclean
9216:Asquith
9198:Balfour
9188:Balfour
9173:Balfour
9113:Russell
9099:Herries
9080:Russell
9070:Russell
9060:Althorp
9050:Tierney
8956:Starmer
8935:Johnson
8921:Cameron
8809:Baldwin
8795:Baldwin
8781:Baldwin
8760:Asquith
8746:Balfour
8662:Russell
8620:Russell
8557:Canning
8453:Grafton
7821:in the
7297:at the
7256:Hansard
7248:at the
7222:(1905)
7208:(1988).
7190:(ed.),
7142:(1995).
7114:(1999).
7080:(1992).
6995:(1979).
6988:(1978).
6981:(1965).
6933:(1953).
6926:(1972).
6904:(1974).
6839:; also
6828:(1987).
6816:(2001).
6799:(1993).
6464:14 July
6436:14 July
6174:(1996).
5825:4204957
5362:Styled
5284: (
5274: (
5250: (
5240: (
5218:1886-02
5216: (
5206: (
5182: (
5172: (
5148: (
5138: (
5114: (
5104: (
5080: (
5070: (
5051: (
5041: (
5017: (
5007: (
4972: (
4962: (
4938: (
4928: (
4904: (
4894: (
4875: (
4865: (
4841: (
4831: (
4807: (
4797: (
4773: (
4763: (
4739: (
4729: (
4705: (
4695: (
4671: (
4661: (
4637: (
4627: (
4576:history
4574:|
4276:Toryism
4264:Radical
4075:Ukraine
3960:Iceland
3955:Hungary
3940:Germany
3930:Finland
3925:Denmark
3873:Belgium
3863:Austria
3808:Qutbism
3768:Janismo
3562:Suharto
3507:Salazar
3482:Metaxas
3472:Maurras
3467:Baldwin
3457:Dmowski
3432:Canning
3399:Scruton
3384:Buckley
3379:Mishima
3339:Burnham
3314:Strauss
3289:Schmitt
3219:Carlyle
3214:Savigny
3184:Maistre
3164:Johnson
3058:Customs
3011:Loyalty
2928:Elitism
2791:Liberal
2641:. King
2560:Germany
2205:Holborn
2154:'s and
2110:dukedom
1651:William
1489:, with
1462:Eustace
1388:Bendigo
1386:At the
1343:bullied
1253:at the
1058:Cabinet
1015:Parents
963:
947:
943:
409:Himself
366:Himself
321:Himself
271:Himself
205:Monarch
164:Monarch
12878:Houses
12750:London
12553:(1885)
12458:(1886)
12433:(1885)
12353:(1886)
11920:Butler
11840:Curzon
11690:Dudley
11660:Howick
11625:Temple
11450:Former
11375:Onward
11313:London
10657:Howard
10538:Ancram
10533:Lilley
10502:Fuller
10497:Holden
10487:Zahawi
10477:Elliot
10468:Elliot
10464:Dowden
10459:Elliot
10450:Elliot
10422:Shapps
10374:Ancram
10359:Hanley
10354:Fowler
10349:Patten
10339:Brooke
10334:Tebbit
10329:Gummer
10304:Thomas
10299:Barber
10275:Butler
10170:Howard
10045:Granby
10032:vacant
10025:Granby
9993:Curzon
9963:Cairns
9828:Tories
9806:Topics
9664:Jowitt
9529:Cairns
9411:Corbyn
9406:Harman
9396:Harman
9386:Howard
9326:Wilson
9311:Wilson
9291:Attlee
9281:Attlee
9261:Attlee
9211:Carson
9207:Vacant
9095:Granby
9090:Granby
9040:Howick
8879:Wilson
8865:Wilson
8830:Attlee
8397:Pelham
8176:Career
8108:(wife)
8099:Family
7358:With:
7234:online
7224:online
7215:(1938)
7096:online
7064:
7042:online
7028:online
7018:online
6916:online
6875:online
6865:online
6837:online
6808:online
6771:
6763:
6620:Albion
6406:
6386:(1966)
6366:
6332:online
6121:online
6104:online
5985:
5960:
5823:
5781:
5748:(1996)
5617:(2000)
5514:
5487:
5437:
4212:NatCon
4070:Turkey
4055:Sweden
4045:Serbia
4040:Russia
4035:Poland
4025:Panama
4015:Norway
4000:Mexico
3975:Israel
3945:Greece
3935:France
3908:Taiwan
3888:Canada
3883:Brazil
3878:Belize
3840:Ziaism
3632:Meloni
3547:Marcos
3537:Powell
3532:Reagan
3522:Franco
3502:Chiang
3477:Horthy
3389:Sowell
3324:Freyre
3304:Jünger
3259:Belloc
3254:Nordau
3249:Le Bon
3229:Newman
3189:Bonald
3094:
2996:Honour
2841:Social
2781:Fiscal
2684:Legacy
2440:Africa
2395:. The
2381:a deal
2229:Suakin
2172:Zambia
2168:Malawi
2146:after
2138:(the "
2103:Russia
2099:France
2019:, 1900
2013:" for
1876:Arthur
1864:Cairns
1700:, 1869
1419:Cecil
1336:Dorset
953:
933:Spouse
12915:Women
12100:Lammy
12085:Truss
12042:Hague
12027:Straw
12007:Major
11935:Brown
11910:Lloyd
11890:Bevin
11870:Hoare
11865:Simon
11775:Derby
11630:Leeds
10912:Other
10896:Local
10717:Sunak
10705:Truss
10633:Hague
10611:Major
10577:Heath
10492:Hands
10482:Berry
10441:Lewis
10413:Warsi
10398:Maude
10379:Davis
10344:Baker
10284:Poole
10265:Poole
10240:Baird
10195:Sunak
10190:Truss
10160:Hague
10155:Major
10145:Heath
10075:Smith
9953:Derby
9689:Peart
9644:Snell
9604:Crewe
9594:Ripon
9509:Derby
9421:Sunak
9376:Hague
9371:Major
9366:Blair
9356:Smith
9331:Heath
9321:Heath
9306:Brown
8949:Sunak
8942:Truss
8914:Brown
8907:Blair
8900:Major
8872:Heath
8669:Derby
8648:Derby
8627:Derby
8460:North
8162:(son)
8156:(son)
8150:(son)
8144:(son)
8138:(son)
7588:1886
6769:S2CID
6741:(PDF)
6526:7 May
5919:ed.,
5821:JSTOR
5350:Notes
4564:from
3985:Japan
3980:Italy
3965:India
3898:China
3893:Chile
3627:Orbán
3617:Putin
3597:Trump
3557:Smith
3422:Adams
3319:Röpke
3309:Evola
3294:Eliot
3264:Iorga
3244:Taine
3224:Ranke
3174:Burke
3063:Mores
3053:Norms
2851:Ultra
2786:Green
2225:Parsi
2059:Italy
1647:James
1451:and "
1439:, as
1431:as a
1401:Māori
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
961:)
949:(
945:
67:
63:
59:
55:
12080:Raab
12062:Raab
12057:Hunt
12022:Cook
12012:Hurd
12002:Howe
11987:Owen
11900:Eden
11885:Eden
11875:Eden
11830:Grey
10951:List
10724:2024
10688:2019
10676:2016
10664:2005
10652:2003
10640:2001
10628:1997
10618:1995
10606:1990
10596:1989
10584:1975
10572:1965
10130:Eden
10015:Peel
9724:True
9444:Grey
9346:Foot
9075:Peel
9065:Peel
9055:Peel
8844:Eden
8613:Peel
8599:Peel
8578:Grey
8425:Bute
8365:list
8074:1900
8069:1895
8064:1892
8059:1886
8054:1885
7368:1858
7062:ISBN
6780:2020
6761:PMID
6528:2024
6466:2024
6438:2024
6404:ISBN
6364:ISBN
5983:ISBN
5958:ISBN
5888:2021
5779:ISBN
5512:ISBN
5485:ISBN
5435:ISBN
5208:1885
5204:1885
5150:1886
5146:1886
5140:1885
5136:1885
4974:1886
4970:1886
4964:1885
4960:1885
4572:edit
4387:The
4372:and
4030:Peru
3970:Iran
3920:Cuba
3612:Modi
3587:Kohl
3552:Park
3427:Pitt
3364:Kirk
3349:Qutb
3179:More
3169:Hume
2923:Duty
2630:and
2419:and
2373:Puck
2174:and
2162:'s "
2150:'s,
2101:and
2061:and
1907:1918
1870:and
1443:for
1437:1853
1423:1857
1334:and
1267:1900
1115:GCVO
959:1899
955:1857
899:Died
879:Born
807:for
57:GCVO
11997:Pym
11655:Fox
11620:Fox
11610:Fox
10729:TBA
10681:May
10389:Fox
10384:May
10180:May
10110:Law
10085:Law
9203:Law
9035:Fox
8928:May
8774:Law
6753:doi
6507:UK
5643:",
4259:New
4254:Far
3572:Zia
3567:Lee
2247:sic
2112:by
2011:Spy
1882:in
1880:GOM
1694:Ape
1527:as
1316:née
1210:in
1199:".
1123:FRS
1075:III
65:FRS
12963::
7269:.
7110:.
7036:.
6910:,
6889:.
6767:.
6759:.
6749:36
6747:.
6743:.
6517:.
6482:.
6454:.
6426:.
6085:,
5923:,
5877:.
5856:.
5817:36
5815:.
5622:^
5526:^
5423:;
5419:;
4568:.
4368:.
2737:on
2677:.
2170:,
2105:.
1909:.
1866:,
1739:.
1441:MP
1421:c.
1368:.
1298:.
1172:əl
1152:ɔɪ
1127:DL
1119:PC
1111:KG
1080:IV
1070:II
951:m.
69:DL
61:PC
53:KG
12690:e
12683:t
12676:v
12586:e
12579:t
12572:v
12166:e
12159:t
12152:v
11581:e
11574:t
11567:v
11514:)
11510:(
11473:)
11469:(
11436:)
11432:(
9758:e
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9744:v
9101:/
9097:/
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9004:t
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7981:v
7273:.
7070:.
7030:.
6782:.
6755::
6530:.
6412:.
6372:.
6269:.
6106:.
5991:.
5966:.
5890:.
5827:.
5787:.
5696:.
5659:.
5647:.
5520:.
5493:.
5443:.
5288:)
5278:)
5254:)
5244:)
5220:)
5210:)
5186:)
5176:)
5152:)
5142:)
5118:)
5108:)
5084:)
5074:)
5055:)
5045:)
5021:)
5011:)
4976:)
4966:)
4942:)
4932:)
4908:)
4898:)
4879:)
4869:)
4845:)
4835:)
4811:)
4801:)
4777:)
4767:)
4743:)
4733:)
4709:)
4699:)
4675:)
4665:)
4641:)
4631:)
4578:)
4570:(
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4328:t
4321:v
2045:"
1175:/
1169:s
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1146:s
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1140:ɡ
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1134:/
1130:(
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887:)
883:(
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