182:
171:
140:
1727:
213:
202:
152:
2435:
223:
43:
1771:
After this disaster, the
Spanish paused their military operations. They raised troop-levels to 35,000 men and brought heavy artillery from Spain, and at the end of August launched a new attack. By January 1910 their overwhelming strength had enabled them to subdue most of the eastern tribes. The
1740:
and skirmishes occurred near
Melilla. General Marina decided to post six companies at Ait Aixa, under command of Colonel Ălvarez Cabrera. They left Melilla at nightfall but got lost and, in the morning, found themselves in the Alfer Canyon, where they were decimated by gunfire from the heights.
1577:
entailed the acquisition of a new city perimeter for
Melilla, bringing its area to its current 12 km. Following the declaration of Melilla as a free port in 1863, the population began to increase, chiefly with Sephardic Jews fleeing from
2391:
1630:
1710:
in mainland Spain that followed the beginning of the conflict brought about insurrection by the popular classes (the system provided the wealthy with facilities to avoid impressment), spilling over into the
1698:
increased the
Spanish garrison at Melilla from 5,000 men to 22,000 in preparation for an offensive. All the Spanish forces involved were conscripts; at this stage, Spain had neither professional troops, nor
1686:, a new attack occurred and a number of Spanish railway workers were killed by tribesmen, prompting a retaliatory offensive ordered by Marina Vega during which several positions near Melilla were occupied.
1678:, where he died in prison. Amid conflict with the Riffian tribes, Bou Hmara, lacking enough Spanish support, was forced out from the area in late 1908. Without support in hostile territory, General
1764:. The Riffians ambushed the jÀgers and inflicted losses of about 600 wounded and 150 killed on the Spanish troops (although the numbers are subject to dispute), including Pintos, who
331:
2284:
446:
278:
2727:
2190:
517:
1621:
in 1907, compromising the
Melillan trade with that city. The enduring instability in the Rif still threatened Melilla. After the 12 March 1908 Spanish occupation of
1285:
2569:
1649:
3096:
2254:
712:
597:
2978:
439:
271:
2089:
542:
3121:
2398:
1635:
413:
2720:
2222:
1138:
432:
354:
264:
717:
2521:
1278:
1586:
between
Spaniards and Riffian tribesmen increased trade with the hinterland, bringing the economic prosperity of the city to a new level.
2713:
3208:
2506:
1026:
974:
1271:
1031:
922:
289:
30:
1807:
607:
1006:
2485:
1682:, military commander of Melilla, asked the government of Spain for reinforcements to protect the mines, but none were sent. On
2273:
2203:
1078:
1041:
917:
3188:
3015:
2773:
1785:
1354:
1165:
1148:
1073:
632:
562:
346:
989:
927:
617:
707:
391:
2561:
1654:
1574:
1155:
2574:
2409:
507:
3163:
2368:
2317:
1133:
1061:
858:
727:
512:
490:
2470:
863:
732:
572:
537:
341:
3178:
2752:
969:
692:
667:
652:
587:
522:
336:
1723:
violence, forcing the Maura government to suspend
Constitutional guarantees in the whole country after 28 July.
480:
2747:
2541:
2526:
2292:
1143:
1123:
642:
475:
1036:
814:
602:
3203:
1088:
1051:
1046:
897:
887:
873:
868:
829:
682:
582:
527:
3025:
2531:
2511:
2490:
1374:
1344:
1118:
1108:
1083:
878:
612:
592:
2968:
2434:
1660:
1597:
in
Morocco to counter the trading prowess of Melilla by fostering trade links with the Algerian cities of
819:
3183:
1434:
1128:
1103:
787:
577:
532:
3173:
3168:
2783:
2736:
2536:
1726:
1484:
1379:
1319:
1113:
1056:
1021:
954:
834:
1776:
to the southern inlets of Mar Chica. However, this was achieved at the cost of 2,517 casualties.
3198:
3193:
2834:
2819:
1645:
1409:
1364:
1200:
1170:
994:
804:
782:
767:
762:
757:
752:
722:
647:
567:
547:
311:
3010:
2214:
3111:
3086:
1753:
1424:
1093:
1016:
964:
853:
742:
737:
672:
637:
622:
1674:
attacked the mines, without causing any casualties, but Muley
Mohamet was apprehended and sent to
3035:
2778:
2705:
2679:
2646:
2475:
1790:
1583:
1389:
1195:
1011:
937:
677:
361:
321:
2449:
2309:
Darkest hours: a narrative encyclopedia of worldwide disasters from ancient times to the present
2307:
3040:
2887:
2882:
2124:
979:
892:
843:
799:
552:
316:
2814:
1582:
who fostered trade in and out the city. The new 1894 agreement with
Morocco that followed the
3137:
2824:
2516:
2361:
2248:
2165:
1745:
1474:
1205:
959:
408:
371:
2598:
2141:
3101:
2424:
2404:
1614:
1606:
1210:
1160:
687:
326:
217:
8:
2963:
2897:
2768:
2465:
1712:
1605:. Melilla began to suffer from this, to which the instability brought by revolts against
1594:
1469:
1449:
1414:
1295:
1175:
949:
912:
907:
902:
772:
557:
495:
144:
34:
3030:
3020:
1761:
1679:
1640:, was constituted in July 1908, directed by Clemente FernĂĄndez, Enrique Macpherson, the
1617:
sanctioned direct French and Spanish intervention in Morocco. French hastened to occupy
175:
2844:
2839:
2590:
2192:
El yunque y la espada: de la reserva de masas a los reservistas voluntarios (1912-2012)
1641:
1519:
1479:
1419:
1399:
1384:
1359:
1349:
1329:
1247:
848:
824:
809:
2973:
3106:
3091:
2877:
2854:
2624:
2313:
2269:
2236:
2199:
2177:
2152:
2128:
2100:
1509:
1190:
1185:
1098:
657:
206:
51:
2113:
1703:
under arms. The Spanish army was poorly trained and equipped and lacked basic maps.
702:
3050:
2912:
2849:
2694:
2419:
2354:
2226:
1773:
1765:
1715:
events, that took place from late July to early August 1909, most acrimoniously in
1613:
carried out a policy of defusing hostilities in the area which favoured Spain. The
1538:
1514:
1489:
1439:
1339:
697:
485:
190:
186:
120:
3045:
1748:
at Wolf Ravine The day before Marina had determined to send forces to protect the
222:
3066:
2994:
2922:
2684:
2414:
2263:
2231:
1459:
1444:
1215:
1001:
777:
2958:
2953:
2829:
2328:
1736:
1626:
1590:
1369:
1314:
1309:
1180:
456:
86:
3157:
3142:
3116:
2937:
2907:
2240:
2181:
2156:
2132:
2104:
1795:
1772:
Spanish continued to expand their Melilla enclave to encompass the area from
1695:
1504:
1454:
1429:
1394:
1334:
1232:
984:
932:
747:
424:
378:
256:
2090:"El discurso catĂłlico ante la Semana TrĂĄgica y el Barranco del Lobo de 1909"
1730:
The departure of the brigade of light infantry led by Pintos on 27 July 1909
1609:
in the hinterland also added, although after 1905 Sultan pretender El Rogui
2902:
2892:
2638:
1757:
1720:
1675:
1562:
1404:
1589:
However, the turn of the new century saw the attempts by France (based in
2917:
1707:
1622:
1464:
1324:
1252:
403:
304:
2927:
2651:
2632:
2616:
2608:
2603:
1629:, foreign mining companies began to enter the area. A Spanish one, the
662:
627:
2329:"Victimario HistĂłrico Militar: Guerras Coloniales de España en Ăfrica"
1263:
2793:
2659:
1716:
1700:
1610:
1598:
1499:
2198:. Madrid: Instituto Universitario General GutiĂ©rrez Mellado â UNED.
1957:
1945:
1671:
1242:
398:
2735:
1933:
2932:
2798:
2689:
2377:
1885:
1579:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1237:
383:
212:
201:
156:
151:
98:
94:
47:
2065:
2053:
2005:
1981:
1969:
42:
2041:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1741:
Colonel Cabrera and 26 men were killed, and 230 were wounded.
1618:
181:
170:
139:
2017:
1602:
2346:
90:
2029:
1845:
1843:
1993:
2289:
Government, Public Service, and International Studies
1875:
1873:
1840:
1625:, which caused further potential intervention in the
2570:
Divisiones Regionales de FĂștbol in Ceuta and Melilla
1860:
1858:
2121:
Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia ContemporĂĄnea
1830:
1828:
1573:The Treaty of Peace with Morocco that followed the
2139:
2059:
1870:
2253:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2087:
2071:
1855:
3155:
2212:
2188:
2166:"Tarifa y las Campañas de Marruecos (1909-1927)"
2047:
2011:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1825:
1719:, where protests intertwined with outbursts of
2737:Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco (1844â1934)
1744:On 27 July the Spanish suffered a second
995:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762â63)
454:
286:
2721:
2522:Melilla (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
2362:
2176:(92). Tarifa: Ayuntamiento de Tarifa: 47â66.
1279:
985:Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762â63)
440:
272:
2215:"Los orĂgenes de la Campaña del Rif de 1909"
1694:As a result of these deaths, Prime Minister
1549: ) was a conflict in 1909 in northern
66:9 July â 4 December 1909
2140:GonzĂĄlez RodrĂguez, Francisco JosĂ© (2013).
2728:
2714:
2369:
2355:
2163:
2114:"Las minas de Guelaya y la Guerra del Rif"
2035:
2023:
1286:
1272:
447:
433:
279:
265:
2230:
2285:"4. Spanish Morocco/Berbers (1909-1927)"
2149:El Hinojal. Revista de Estudios del MUVI
2111:
1999:
1725:
1568:
2261:
2142:"La guerra del rif, la guerra olvidada"
1849:
1293:
3156:
2507:2007 MoroccoâSpain diplomatic conflict
2486:July 1936 military uprising in Melilla
2282:
2189:Quesada Gonzålez, José Miguel (2014).
1864:
1631:CompañĂa Española de las Minas del Rif
2709:
2350:
2326:
1834:
1756:to keep guard in the vicinity of the
1267:
980:Caribbean and North America (1739â48)
428:
260:
2784:Second Franco-Moroccan War (1907â12)
2305:
2213:Saro Gandarillas, Francisco (1993).
1879:
1593:) to profit from its newly acquired
2088:BermĂșdez Mombiela, Alfonso (2018).
481:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña (1478)
362:First Melillan campaign (1893â1894)
13:
2562:Royal Melillan Football Federation
414:Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (2012)
14:
3220:
3209:African resistance to colonialism
2835:Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (1912)
2820:Bombardment of Casablanca (1907)
2769:First Franco-Moroccan War (1844)
2433:
2097:Guerra Colonial. Revista Digital
291:Spanish–Moroccan conflicts
221:
211:
200:
180:
169:
150:
138:
41:
2753:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
2575:Estadio Municipal Ălvarez Claro
2410:Estadio Municipal Ălvarez Claro
2262:Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2010).
1734:Spanish troops were shot at by
703:Argentine Northwest (1560â1667)
367:Second Melillan campaign (1909)
2774:Hispano-Moroccan War (1859â60)
2748:French protectorate in Morocco
2542:Statute of Autonomy of Melilla
2527:2019 Melilla Assembly election
2293:University of Central Arkansas
1557:. The fighting involved local
1:
1813:
3122:Franco-Spanish Treaty (1912)
2825:Battle of Wolf Ravine (1909)
2532:List of governors of Melilla
2491:COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla
2471:Siege of Melilla (1774â1775)
2232:10.5944/aldaba.22.1993.20298
1760:at the helm of a brigade of
1171:Dominican Republic (1863â65)
342:Siege of Melilla (1774â1775)
332:Siege of Melilla (1694â1696)
123:and the Bhar Amezzyan lagoon
7:
3112:MoroccoâCongo Treaty (1911)
3102:Algeciras Conference (1906)
2779:First Melilla War (1893â94)
2376:
1779:
337:Sieges of Ceuta (1694â1727)
10:
3225:
3026:Manuel FernĂĄndez Silvestre
2815:Bombardment of Salé (1851)
2537:Mayor-President of Melilla
2393:Bienes de interés cultural
2312:. New York: Pocket Books.
2265:Resort to War: 1816 - 2007
2112:Escudero, Antonio (2014).
1801:
1689:
1027:Banda Oriental (1776â1777)
458:Spanish colonial campaigns
31:Spanish-Moroccan conflicts
3130:
3079:
3059:
3003:
2987:
2969:Joseph-François Poeymirau
2946:
2870:
2863:
2845:Battle of El Herri (1914)
2840:Battle of El Ksiba (1913)
2830:Bloody Days of Fes (1912)
2807:
2789:Second Melilla War (1909)
2761:
2743:
2672:
2583:
2557:
2550:
2512:People's Party of Melilla
2499:
2458:
2442:
2431:
2384:
2306:Nash, Jay Robert (1977).
2283:Arnold, Dr. Clay (2024).
2164:León Rojas, José (2018).
1615:1906 Algeciras Conference
1305:
1079:Spanish America (1808â33)
1074:RĂo de la Plata (1806â07)
466:
379:Kert campaign (1911â1912)
312:Conquest of Mehdya (1614)
300:
242:
229:
162:
131:
58:
40:
28:
23:
3164:Second Melillan campaign
3138:Tangier Crisis (1905â06)
3107:Pact of Cartagena (1907)
3092:Treaty of Wad Ras (1860)
3087:Treaty of Tangier (1844)
2855:Alhucemas Landing (1925)
2481:Second Melillan campaign
1535:Second Melillan campaign
1248:Western Sahara (1973â76)
1176:Peru and Chile (1864â66)
975:Banda Oriental (1735â37)
476:Canary Islands (1402â96)
24:Second Melillan campaign
3189:MoroccoâSpain relations
3016:Arsenio MartĂnez-Campos
2850:Battle of Annual (1921)
2680:Coat of arms of Melilla
2476:First Melillan campaign
2235:(inactive 2024-09-14).
2125:Universidad de Alicante
2060:GonzĂĄlez RodrĂguez 2013
1791:First Melillan campaign
1032:North America (1779â83)
950:North America (1702â13)
788:Philippines (1599-1600)
723:Philippines (1565â1898)
392:Post-colonial conflicts
322:Siege of Larache (1689)
251:8,000 killed or wounded
248:2,000 killed or wounded
3179:Wars involving Morocco
3041:Miguel Primo de Rivera
3011:Juan GarcĂa y Margallo
2888:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
2883:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni
2327:Mario, Victor (2014).
2072:BermĂșdez Mombiela 2018
1731:
1542:
347:Tetuan War (1859â1860)
317:Siege of Mamora (1681)
163:Commanders and leaders
119:Spanish occupation of
2517:Coalition for Melilla
2268:. SAGE Publications.
2048:Quesada GonzĂĄlez 2014
2012:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1988:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1976:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1964:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1952:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1940:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1928:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1916:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1904:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1892:Saro Gandarillas 1993
1729:
1569:Historical background
1253:Western Sahara (1975)
1206:Philippines (1896â98)
1161:Cochinchina (1858â62)
1062:Caribbean (1796â1802)
923:Lake Maracaibo (1669)
859:Philippines (1638-46)
733:Philippines (1567â72)
588:El Salvador (1524â39)
583:Guatemala (1524â1697)
543:Puerto Rico (1511â29)
409:Perejil Island (2002)
372:Battle of Wolf Ravine
243:Casualties and losses
3204:Wars involving Spain
3143:Agadir Crisis (1911)
3117:Treaty of Fes (1912)
3097:Treaty of Fes (1894)
2425:Transport in Melilla
2405:Melilla border fence
933:New Mexico (1680â92)
399:Ifni War (1957â1958)
327:Siege of Oran (1693)
2964:Paul Prosper Henrys
2794:Zaian War (1914â21)
2566:Ceuta-Melilla derby
2466:Conquest of Melilla
1966:, pp. 110â115.
1954:, pp. 113â114.
1942:, pp. 106â108.
1595:sphere of influence
1515:South Africa (1914)
1480:South Africa (1906)
1445:South Africa (1899)
1415:Matabeleland (1896)
1405:South Africa (1895)
1385:Matabeleland (1893)
1350:Somalia (1888â1924)
1345:Equatoria (1886â89)
1315:South Africa (1880)
1310:South Africa (1879)
1297:Scramble for Africa
1166:Morocco (1859â1860)
1156:Balanguingui (1848)
1124:Venezuela (1811â23)
1089:Argentina (1810â18)
603:YucatĂĄn (1527â1697)
578:Chiapas (1523â1695)
384:Rif War (1920â1926)
35:Scramble for Africa
3184:History of Melilla
3036:José Millån-Astray
2979:Henry de Bournazel
2908:Sidi Ahmed El Hiba
2647:Melilla Baloncesto
1894:, pp. 99â100.
1766:perished in action
1732:
1650:Juan Antonio GĂŒell
1642:Count of Romanones
1370:Mashonaland (1890)
1211:Puerto Rico (1898)
1181:Puerto Rico (1868)
1139:Colombia (1819â20)
1134:Colombia (1815â16)
1114:El Salvador (1811)
1099:Paraguay (1810â11)
1042:New Granada (1781)
1012:Philippines (1762)
918:Porto Bello (1668)
888:Philippines (1646)
844:Philippines (1630)
800:Philippines (1602)
783:Puerto Rico (1598)
773:Philippines (1596)
768:Puerto Rico (1595)
763:Cambodia (1593â97)
643:Colombia (1537â40)
593:Honduras (1524â39)
558:Mexico (1519â1821)
404:Green March (1975)
52:Peñón de Alhucemas
3174:Conflicts in 1910
3169:Conflicts in 1909
3151:
3150:
3075:
3074:
2878:Mohammed Ameziane
2799:Rif War (1921â26)
2703:
2702:
2668:
2667:
2625:UD Melilla (1943)
2275:978-0-87289-434-1
2205:978-84-616-8071-9
1752:and also ordered
1701:indigenous troops
1661:Miguel Villanueva
1584:1893 Margallo War
1547:Guerra de Melilla
1528:
1527:
1485:Morocco (1907â34)
1475:Morocco (1905â06)
1470:Tanganyika (1905)
1450:Somaliland (1900)
1390:Morocco (1893â94)
1375:Katanga (1891â92)
1340:Madagascar (1883)
1261:
1260:
1243:Morocco (1957â58)
1238:Morocco (1920â26)
1233:Morocco (1911â12)
1196:Morocco (1893â94)
1144:Ecuador (1820â22)
1084:Bolivia (1809â25)
1017:Chile (1766â1767)
965:Chile (1723â1726)
898:Hispaniola (1655)
805:Insulindia (1603)
758:Insulindia (1585)
753:Insulindia (1582)
663:Chile (1546â1662)
553:Algeria (1517â18)
422:
421:
255:
254:
127:
126:
3216:
3199:1910s in Morocco
3194:1900s in Morocco
3051:Francisco Franco
3031:DĂĄmaso Berenguer
3021:José Marina Vega
2898:Mhand n'Ifrutant
2868:
2867:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2695:Melilla Airlines
2656:
2641:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2595:
2555:
2554:
2437:
2420:Melilla la Vieja
2371:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2323:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2279:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2234:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2160:
2146:
2136:
2123:(13). Alicante:
2118:
2108:
2094:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2026:, p. 49â50.
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1774:Cape Tres Forcas
1685:
1680:José Marina Vega
1669:
1659:, who appointed
1658:
1639:
1607:Muley Abdel Aziz
1546:
1430:Wassoulou (1898)
1395:Wassoulou (1894)
1335:Wassoulou (1883)
1300:
1298:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1149:Mexico (1821â29)
1104:Mexico (1810â21)
1007:Nicaragua (1762)
658:Halmahera (1545)
628:Brazil (1534-36)
563:Mexico (1519â21)
461:
459:
449:
442:
435:
426:
425:
295:
294:
292:
281:
274:
267:
258:
257:
225:
216:
215:
207:Mohammed Amezian
205:
204:
195:
187:Guillermo Pintos
185:
184:
176:José Marina Vega
174:
173:
155:
154:
143:
142:
121:Cape Three Forks
77:
75:
71:
60:
59:
45:
21:
20:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3126:
3071:
3067:Mohamed Meziane
3055:
2999:
2995:Thami El Glaoui
2983:
2974:Philippe PĂ©tain
2942:
2923:Assou Oubasslam
2859:
2803:
2757:
2739:
2734:
2704:
2699:
2685:Flag of Melilla
2664:
2654:
2637:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2599:HuracĂĄn Melilla
2593:
2591:Casino del Real
2579:
2546:
2495:
2454:
2438:
2429:
2415:Melilla Airport
2380:
2375:
2338:
2336:
2320:
2297:
2295:
2276:
2246:
2245:
2221:(22). Melilla:
2206:
2195:
2144:
2116:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2074:, pp. 6â7.
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2036:LeĂłn Rojas 2018
2034:
2030:
2024:LeĂłn Rojas 2018
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1804:
1782:
1692:
1683:
1667:
1652:
1633:
1571:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1510:Libya (1911â12)
1420:Zanzibar (1896)
1410:Ethiopia (1896)
1301:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1262:
1257:
1129:Chile (1812â27)
990:Portugal (1762)
883:Valdivia (1643)
820:PetĂ©n (1618â97)
462:
457:
455:
453:
423:
418:
395:
388:
358:
351:
308:
296:
290:
288:
287:
285:
218:Abdelkader Tieb
210:
209:
199:
191:
179:
178:
168:
149:
137:
115:
109:Spanish victory
101:
73:
69:
67:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3222:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3060:Spanish allies
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Hubert Lyautey
2956:
2954:Charles Mangin
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2938:Beni Ouryaghel
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2333:De re Militari
2324:
2318:
2303:
2280:
2274:
2259:
2210:
2204:
2186:
2161:
2137:
2109:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2014:, p. 123.
2004:
2002:, p. 331.
1992:
1990:, p. 121.
1980:
1978:, p. 120.
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1930:, p. 107.
1920:
1918:, p. 102.
1908:
1906:, p. 100.
1896:
1884:
1882:, p. 775.
1869:
1854:
1852:, p. 117.
1839:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1754:General Pintos
1750:Segunda Caseta
1737:francs-tireurs
1691:
1688:
1627:Moulouya basin
1591:French Algeria
1570:
1567:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Morocco (1911)
1502:
1500:Ouaddai (1909)
1497:
1495:Morocco (1909)
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1465:Namibia (1904)
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Fashoda (1898)
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Ashanti (1895)
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Dahomey (1892)
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Dahomey (1890)
1362:
1357:
1355:Eritrea (1889)
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Tunisia (1881)
1317:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1228:Morocco (1909)
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Cuba (1895â98)
1198:
1193:
1191:Cuba (1879â80)
1188:
1186:Cuba (1868â78)
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:Uruguay (1811)
1116:
1111:
1109:Peru (1811â24)
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:Florida (1810)
1091:
1086:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Algiers (1784)
1049:
1047:Algiers (1783)
1044:
1039:
1037:Peru (1780â82)
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Algiers (1775)
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
992:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
960:Bahamas (1720)
957:
952:
946:
945:
941:
940:
938:Morocco (1689)
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Jamaica (1658)
910:
908:Jamaica (1657)
905:
903:Jamaica (1655)
900:
895:
893:Tortuga (1654)
890:
885:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
832:
827:
822:
817:
815:Morocco (1614)
812:
810:Tunisia (1605)
807:
802:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
743:Tunisia (1574)
740:
738:Tunisia (1573)
735:
730:
728:Florida (1565)
725:
720:
718:Morocco (1564)
715:
713:Morocco (1563)
710:
708:Algeria (1563)
705:
700:
698:Tunisia (1560)
695:
693:Algeria (1558)
690:
688:Algeria (1556)
685:
683:Algeria (1555)
680:
675:
673:Tunisia (1550)
670:
668:Algeria (1547)
665:
660:
655:
653:Algeria (1543)
650:
648:Algeria (1541)
645:
640:
638:Tunisia (1535)
635:
633:Algeria (1535)
630:
625:
623:Tunisia (1534)
620:
618:Peru (1532â72)
615:
613:Algeria (1531)
610:
608:Algeria (1529)
605:
600:
598:Morocco (1525)
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Tunisia (1520)
570:
568:Algeria (1519)
565:
560:
555:
550:
548:Algeria (1516)
545:
540:
538:Tunisia (1510)
535:
533:Tripoli (1510)
530:
528:Algeria (1510)
525:
523:Algeria (1509)
520:
518:Morocco (1508)
515:
513:Algeria (1507)
510:
508:Algeria (1505)
504:
503:
499:
498:
496:Melilla (1497)
493:
491:Algeria (1497)
488:
483:
478:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
420:
419:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
389:
387:
386:
381:
376:
375:
374:
364:
352:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
302:
301:
298:
297:
284:
283:
276:
269:
261:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
197:
165:
164:
160:
159:
157:Riffian tribes
147:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
117:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
87:Nador Province
85:
83:
79:
78:
64:
56:
55:
38:
37:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3221:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:José Sanjurjo
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:French allies
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Ma al-'Aynayn
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2319:9780671790042
2315:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2062:, p. 80.
2061:
2056:
2050:, p. 44.
2049:
2044:
2038:, p. 50.
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
2000:Escudero 2014
1996:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1796:Kert campaign
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:Antonio Maura
1687:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:8 August 1908
1664:
1663:as chairman.
1662:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1646:Duke of Tovar
1643:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1521:
1520:Darfur (1916)
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Mufilo (1907)
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Angola (1902)
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
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2903:Ali Amhaouch
2893:Moha ou Said
2788:
2639:UD Melilla B
2480:
2392:
2385:Architecture
2337:. Retrieved
2335:(in Spanish)
2332:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2288:
2264:
2249:cite journal
2218:
2191:
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2148:
2120:
2096:
2082:Bibliography
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1850:Sarkees 2010
1770:
1758:Mount Gurugu
1749:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1721:anticlerical
1705:
1693:
1665:
1588:
1572:
1563:Spanish Army
1534:
1532:
1494:
1425:Benin (1897)
1360:Congo (1895)
1330:Egypt (1882)
1325:Sudan (1881)
1227:
1222:20th century
1068:19th century
1057:Chile (1792)
944:18th century
880:
839:Nevis (1629)
836:
794:17th century
678:Libya (1551)
502:16th century
470:15th century
390:
366:
353:
303:
192:
132:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2918:Abd el-Krim
2655:(dissolved)
2628:(dissolved)
2620:(dissolved)
2612:(dissolved)
2594:(dissolved)
2127:: 329â336.
1865:Arnold 2024
1713:Tragic Week
1708:impressment
1684:9 July 1909
1653: [
1634: [
1623:Ras Kebdana
1575:1859â60 War
1435:Chad (1898)
1216:Guam (1898)
1002:Cuba (1762)
970:Oran (1732)
778:Cuba (1596)
305:Imperialism
114:Territorial
93:, northern
3158:Categories
2864:Key people
2633:UD Melilla
2617:SD Melilla
2609:Melilla CF
2604:Melilla CD
2450:RĂo de Oro
2395:in Melilla
2339:2024-09-14
2298:2024-09-14
1835:Mario 2014
1814:References
1786:TetuĂĄn War
1455:Aro (1901)
835:St. Kitts
238:12,000 men
235:35,000 men
89:, eastern
74:1909-12-04
70:1909-07-09
3004:Spaniards
2871:Moroccans
2443:Geography
2241:0213-7925
2182:1130-7986
2170:Aljaranda
2157:2341-3093
2151:: 77â88.
2133:1579-3311
2105:2603-6096
1880:Nash 1977
1819:Citations
1717:Barcelona
1611:Bou Hmara
1599:Ghazaouet
3080:Treaties
2928:AĂŻt Atta
2500:Politics
2099:: 5â22.
1780:See also
1672:Riffians
1561:and the
1559:Riffians
1543:Campaña
230:Strength
82:Location
72: â
54:in 1909.
50:and the
16:Conflict
2933:Zayanes
2808:Battles
2690:Haketia
2652:Rusadir
2459:History
2378:Melilla
1808:Balagan
1802:Sources
1690:Battles
1580:Tetouan
1555:Melilla
1553:around
1551:Morocco
1539:Spanish
879:Chiloé
193:†
116:changes
99:Melilla
97:, near
95:Morocco
68: (
48:Melilla
3131:Crises
2947:French
2660:Tercio
2316:
2272:
2239:
2225:: 97.
2219:Aldaba
2202:
2180:
2155:
2131:
2103:
1762:jÀgers
1746:defeat
1670:, the
1644:, the
220:
189:
106:Result
2673:Other
2584:Teams
2551:Sport
2196:(PDF)
2145:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
2093:(PDF)
1657:]
1638:]
1619:Oujda
145:Spain
2762:Wars
2314:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2255:link
2237:ISSN
2223:UNED
2200:ISBN
2178:ISSN
2153:ISSN
2129:ISSN
2101:ISSN
1706:The
1648:and
1603:Oran
1601:and
1533:The
63:Date
33:and
2227:doi
1676:Fez
1666:On
91:Rif
3160::
2399:es
2331:.
2291:.
2287:.
2251:}}
2247:{{
2217:.
2172:.
2168:.
2147:.
2119:.
2095:.
1872:^
1857:^
1842:^
1827:^
1768:.
1655:es
1636:es
1565:.
1545:or
1541::
2729:e
2722:t
2715:v
2401:)
2397:(
2370:e
2363:t
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2229::
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2184:.
2174:1
2159:.
2135:.
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1867:.
1837:.
1537:(
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
881:·
837:·
448:e
441:t
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280:e
273:t
266:v
76:)
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