6502:
31:
5939:
5079:
3711:
4674:
8166:
576:, the largest privately held collection of manuscripts to be assembled during the 20th century, cover a 15 to 18 year period extending over part of each king’s reign. They seem to originate from a single cache but their provenance was lost after languishing in smaller private collections since their acquisition on the antiquities market a century earlier. Most of the tablets pertain to administration of resources. An additional 32 unpublished Sealand tablets are held in Brussels. The tablets include letters, receipts, ledgers, personnel rosters, etc., and provide year-names and references which hint at events of the period. Messengers from
4383:
7796:
611:, have revealed the foundations of a large mudbrick fortress with an unusual arrangement of perimeter close-set towers. The site is dated, by an archive of 152 (after joins were made) clay cuneiform tablets found there, to Ayadaragalama. Tablets at Tell Khaiber fell into the same short time period as those published from the Schoyen Collection, that being the later part of Pešgal and early part of Ayadara reigns. Excavators were also able to develop a stratified ceramic array for Sealand allowing other sites to be identified. Sealand ceramics and faunal remains were found at the site of Tell Sakhariya, a few miles east of
6332:
4346:
3771:
4925:
8518:
6559:
5253:
4121:
8508:
3746:
5524:
4331:
7380:
7271:
3954:
3553:
5593:
6587:
7613:
4605:
5701:
4518:
4341:
5696:
5248:
4920:
4513:
4326:
5813:
4775:
3758:
993:, c. 1103–1100 BC, records the outcome of an inquiry instigated by the king into the ownership of a plot of land claimed by a temple estate. The governors of Bit-Sin-magir and Sealand, upheld the claim based on the earlier actions of Gulkišar who had “drawn for Nanse, his divine mistress, a land boundary.” It is an early example of a
985:, the last king of the first dynasty of Babylon. The text describes Gulkišar addressing his troops and being accompanied by the god Istar. The colophon of a tablet giving a chemical recipe for glaze reads “property of a priest of Marduk in Eridu,” thought to be a quarter of Babylon rather than the city of Eridu, is dated
623:
of which little is known in this period. Nippur, and Tell Deḥaila are also in consideration. Modern thinking is that the capital was a Dūr-Enlil (or Dūr-Enlile). There was a Dūr-Enlil in Neo-Babylonian times in the general area between Uruk and Larsa as well as one in Neo-Assyrian times. It is not
1766:
Zomer, Elyze. "Chapter 25. Enmity
Against Samsu-ditāna". Law and (Dis)Order in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 59th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at Ghent, Belgium, 15–19 July 2013, edited by Katrien De Graef and Anne Goddeeris, University Park, USA: Penn State University
1028:
as rulers in
Babylon. Another records the building of a “great ring against the Kalšu (Kassite) enemy” and a third records the “year when his land rebelled.” A year-name gives “year when Ayadaragalama was king – after Enlil established (for him?) the shepherding of the whole earth,” and a list of
1882:
Boivin, Odette, "Taxpayers and the Palace at the Time of the First
Dynasty of the Sealand: Social Aspects, Officials, and Keeping Track of the Barley", In Economic Complexity in the Ancient Near East: Management of Resources and Taxation (Third–Second Millennium BC), edited by Jana Mynářová and
571:
Traditionally, all that was known about
Sealand came from a few Kings List entries and the stray chronicle mention. It has been suggested that much of the writing in this period used waxed wooden boards, as a way of explaining the paucity of standard tablets found. Recently (2009) 450 published
1898:
Cavigneaux, Antoine and Béatrice André-Salvini. Forthcoming. Cuneiform tablets from Qal’at Dilmun and the
Sealand at the dawn of the Kassite era. In Twenty years of Bahrain Archaeology, 1986–2006. Actes du colloque international de Manama, 9–12 décembre 2007, ed. Pierre Lombard et al. Bahrain:
1639:
Dalley, S. (2020). The First
Sealand Dynasty: Literacy, Economy, and the Likely Location of Dūr- Enlil(ē) in Southern Mesopotamia at the end of the Old Babylonian Period. In S. Paulus & T. Clayden (Ed.), Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties (pp. 9-27). Berlin, Boston: De
972:/Udinim built by the army of Damqi-ilišu. In the original "MU am-mi-di-ta-na LUGAL.E BÀD.DA UDINIMki.MA (ÉREN) dam-qí-ì-lí-šu.KE4 BÍ.IN.DÙ.A BÍ.IN.GUL.LA". This is the only current contemporary indication of the spelling of his name, contrasting with that of the earlier king of Isin.
1480:
Gabbay, Uri and Boivin, Odette. "A Hymn of
Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty" Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 22-42,
1091:
mace head or possibly door knob found in
Babylon, is engraved with the epithet of Ulaburariaš, “King of Sealand”. The object was excavated at Tell Amran ibn-Ali, during the German excavations of Babylon, conducted from 1899 to 1912, and is now housed in the
1529:
Eleanor Robson, Information Flows in Rural
Babylonia c. 1500 BC, in C. Johnston (ed.), The Concept of the Book: the Production, Progression and Dissemination of Information, London: Institute of English Studies/School of Advanced Study, January 2019
1494:
1416:
Paulus, Susanne, "Die babylonischen
Kudurru-Inschriften von der kassitischen bis zur frühneubabylonischen Zeit. Untersucht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gesellschafts-und rechtshistorischer Fragestellungen", AOAT 51, Münster: Ugarit Verlag,
588:, a rare late reference to this once thriving Sumerian conurbation. In addition to normal commercial activity, two omen texts from another private collection are dated to the reign of Pešgaldarameš and a kurugu-hymn dedicated to the gods of
1491:
1902:
Dalley, Stephanie, "Gods from North-eastern and North-western Arabia in Cuneiform Texts from the First Sealand Dynasty, and a Cuneiform Inscription from Tell en-Nasbeh, c. 1500 BC", Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 23, pp. 177–85,
935:
which describes his conflicts with his Amorite Babylonian contemporaries Samsu-iluna and Abi-ešuḫ. It records that he “attacked and brought about the defeat of (Samsu-iluna’s) army.” He is thought to have conquered
618:
The home city of the Sealand Dynasty is currently unknown. A kings list fragment states that Babylon's "kingship passed to E'urukuga". Given its site being known as uru.ku this capital has been speculated as being
916:(reading unknown). This source is considered reliable in this respect because the forms of the names of Pešgaldarameš and Ayadaragalama match those on recently published contemporary economic tablets (see below).
1396:
Al-Hamdani, A. (2020). The Settlement and Canal Systems During the First Sealand Dynasty (1721–1340 BCE). In S. Paulus & T. Clayden (Ed.), Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, Berlin, pp.
6501:
1406:
Paul-Alain Beaulieu, Ea-dayān, Governor of the Sealand, and Other Dignitaries of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 54, pp. 99–123, The American Schools of Oriental Research,
980:
Gulkišar, meaning “raider of the earth,” has left few traces of his apparently lengthy reign. He was the subject of a royal epic (Tablet HS 1885+ plus 2 recent fragment joins) concerning his enmity with
8717:
1263:
Five legal tablets such as CBS 4956, published in Chiera (1914), CBS 11013, published as BE VI 2 text 68, 3N-T 87, UM 55-21-239 catalogued as SAOC 44 text 12, and OIMA 1 45, from Nippur.
8712:
1895:
Calderbank, Daniel, "Moulding Clay to Model Sealand Society Pottery Production and Function at Tell Khaiber, Southern Iraq", The University of Manchester (United Kingdom), 2018
1428:
Chapin, Michael Arthur, "'My-Mother-Is-Precious': Names and Naming Practices in the First Dynasty of the Sealand (ca. 1500 BCE)", Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 2023
1876:
Al-Zubaidi, Ahmed K. Taher, and Mohammed S. Attia, "A Cylinder Seal From TELL Abu Al-Dhahab Dated To THE First Sealand Dynasty (1740–1374 BC)", IRAQ 83, pp. 13-24, 2021
3587:
5034:
1697:
Steinmeyer, Nathan, "Samsuiluna and the Reconquest of Nippur", The IOS Annual Volume 23:"Drought Will Drive You Even Toward Your Foe", Brill, pp. 37-55, 2022
1806:
Boivin, Odette, "A political history of the Sealand kingdom", The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 86-125, 2018
1649:
MacGinnis, J., "Further Evidence for Intercity Co-Operation among Neo-Babylonian Temples", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 16, no. 2, pp. 127–32, 2006
1080:
and “made himself master of the land.” Agum III, successor to Ulam-Buriaš, is also described as attacking Sealand and destroying a temple in "Dūr-Enlil".
454:
5163:
5039:
1909:
Gabbay, Uri, "A balaĝ to Enlil from the First Sealand Dynasty", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 104.2, pp. 146-170, 2014
5456:
7795:
5078:
4894:
1906:
de Ridder, Jacob Jan, "HS 200B: A Bridal Gift (Tuppu Bibli) from the First Sealand Dynasty.", Journal of Cuneiform Studies 73.1, pp. 89-102, 2021
1450:
Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology. Volume 9 Babylonian Tablets from the First Sealand Dynasty in the Schoyen Collection
5834:
5555:
5466:
5155:
4870:
4812:
4808:
3580:
1471:
Boivin, Odette, "Accounting for livestock: principles of palatial administration in Sealand I Babylonia", Iraq, vol. 78, 2016, pp. 3–23, 2016
1426:
5112:
5108:
4816:
8521:
5559:
5366:
4937:
4900:
4866:
4441:
4437:
3770:
1016:
Ayadaragalama’s reign seems to have been eventful, as a year-name records expelling the “massed might of two enemies,” speculated to be
8165:
4724:
4568:
4433:
4429:
3710:
3190:
1952:
1587:
Twiss, Katheryn C. "Animals of the Sealands: Ceremonial Activities in the Southern Mesopotamian “Dark Age”." Iraq 79, pp. 257-267, 2017
30:
5452:
5448:
5362:
5159:
3916:
5563:
4820:
3573:
1462:
Odette Boivin, "Agricultural Economy and Taxation in the Sealand I Kingdom", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 68, pp. 45–65, 2016
956:, to flush him out of his swampy refuge, an endeavor which was apparently confounded by Ilum-ma-ilī’s superior use of the terrain.
1547:
447:
4966:
4720:
4700:
4673:
4382:
8675:
8628:
8598:
1915:
Zadok, Ran, "On Population Groups in the Documents from the Time of the First Sealand Dynasty", Tel Aviv 41, pp. 222–37, 2014
1527:
1372:
516:, a swampy region bereft of large settlements which gradually expanded southwards with the silting up of the mouths of the
6922:
4417:
4269:
4126:
1892:
Calderbank, Daniel, "Pottery from Tell Khaiber: a craft tradition of the first Sealand dynasty", Moonrise Press Ltd, 2021
1706:
Horsnell, M. J. A., "The Year- Names of the First Dynasty of Babylon", 2 vols. Hamilton: McMaster University Press, 1999
1115:
46:
7592:
5271:
440:
1009:
Pešgaldarameš, “son of the ibex,” and Ayadaragalama, “son of the clever stag,” were successive kings and descendants (
1733:
1576:
1535:
5938:
584:(ancient Bahrain) appears as a theophoric element in names, and Nūr-Bau asks whether he should detain the boats of
7586:
1816:
929:
Ilum-ma-ilī, or Iliman (ili-ma-an), the founder of the dynasty, is known from the account of his exploits in the
17:
912:
gives the sequence from Damqi-ilišu onward, but includes an additional king between Gulkišar and Pešgaldarameš,
7659:
7206:
7130:
3211:
1945:
1926:
The Art of Conservative Rebellion: A Short Introduction to the First Sealand Dynasty ASOR ANE Today - June 2021
1120:
8722:
8511:
8491:
7773:
7680:
7665:
7503:
7373:
7174:
6873:
6558:
3942:
551:. Despite these cultural motifs, the population predominantly bore Akkadian names and wrote and spoke in the
8312:
8121:
8097:
7497:
6477:
1879:
Boivin, Odette, "Kār-Šamaš as a South-Western Palace Town of the Sealand I Kingdom", NABU, pp. 162–64, 2015
1886:
Boivin, Odette, "Kār-Šamaš as a South-Western Palace Town of theSealand I Kingdom", NABU, pp. 162–64, 2015
1571:
Odette Boivin, The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2018,
1499:"Summary report on excavations at Tell Khaiber, an administrative centre of the Sealand period, 2013-2017"
7734:
6773:
6572:
6119:
6113:
4360:
3716:
2694:
257:
1925:
505:. Initially it was named the "Dynasty of the Country of the Sea" with Sealand later becoming customary.
8361:
8217:
7980:
7671:
7481:
6827:
6489:
6457:
6451:
4658:
2762:
8498:
8106:
7992:
7974:
7824:
7486:
7350:
7051:
6866:
5763:
3556:
3499:
3346:
3123:
2445:
1938:
428:
1889:
Boivin, Odette, "On the Origin of the Goddess Ištar-of-the-Sealand, Ayyabītu", NABU, pp. 24–26, 2015
8484:
8129:
8126:
8049:
8019:
7962:
7948:
7354:
6338:
6076:
5493:
5277:
4120:
3492:
3478:
3292:
2824:
2417:
1971:
931:
632:
The king list references which bear witness to the sequence of Sealand kings are summarized below:
151:
6331:
8144:
8072:
8046:
8022:
8016:
8001:
7913:
7849:
7814:
7758:
7707:
7280:
5757:
5538:
5283:
4591:
4049:
3527:
3436:
3183:
3116:
2587:
1976:
989:"year after (the one when) Gul-kisar (became?) king.” A kudurru of the period of Babylonian king
2802:
1364:
8307:
8297:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8037:
8028:
7971:
7951:
7945:
7939:
7936:
7927:
7855:
7852:
7843:
7743:
7722:
7336:
7110:
7042:
6952:
6696:
6690:
6171:
5626:
5485:
5050:
4831:
4371:
4345:
4305:
3948:
3721:
3464:
3339:
3204:
3197:
3169:
2541:
2500:
2432:
1725:
176:
160:
8618:
4924:
3953:
8667:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
8588:
8551:
8473:
8350:
8010:
7986:
7942:
7930:
7924:
7921:
7876:
7870:
7846:
7811:
7767:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7737:
7731:
7719:
7713:
7532:
7442:
7439:
7430:
6993:
5070:
3422:
3377:
3313:
3176:
3109:
2846:
2748:
2743:
2724:
2040:
560:
547:. The third king of the dynasty was even named for the ultimate king of the dynasty of Isin,
509:
294:
69:
8665:
8517:
4330:
1912:
Højlund, Fleming, "Dilmun and the Sealand", Northern Akkad Project Reports 2, pp. 9–14, 1989
1717:
904:
An additional king list provides fragmentary readings of the earlier dynastic monarchs. The
7918:
7867:
7776:
7770:
7740:
7342:
7295:
7283:
7107:
7048:
6672:
6566:
6389:
5916:
5064:
4585:
4002:
3253:
2612:
2592:
2536:
2440:
2393:
536:). Sealand pottery has been found at Girsu, Uruk, and Lagash but in no site north of that.
7379:
8:
8423:
8278:
7983:
7933:
7858:
7808:
7761:
7746:
7725:
7424:
7410:
7298:
7231:
7054:
6945:
6887:
6651:
6324:
6164:
5883:
5688:
5505:
5318:
4634:
3845:
3365:
3218:
3102:
2711:
2676:
2617:
2450:
2358:
1658:
Wiseman, D. J., "The Vassal-Treaties of Esarhaddon", Iraq, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. i–99, 1958
1281:
Tablet BM 120960 thought to have been recovered from Tall 'Umar (Seleucia) on the Tigris.
940:
late in Samsu-iluna’s reign as there are legal documents from Nippur dated to his reign.
248:
1052:, probably as an antique curio, where it was discarded to be found in the 20th century.
8649:
8463:
8340:
7901:
7840:
7834:
7362:
7326:
7239:
7220:
7116:
7113:
7066:
7032:
7029:
6984:
6675:
6660:
6645:
6321:
6318:
6309:
6068:
5243:
4971:
4244:
4097:
4014:
3817:
3162:
3143:
3078:
2973:
2944:
2564:
2546:
2470:
2398:
2373:
2348:
1854:
1846:
1622:
1614:
1387:
King, L.W., "Chronicles concerning Early Babylonian Kings", vol. 2. London: Luzac, 1907
1357:
573:
354:
333:
7119:
2582:
1172:, BM 33332, i 4 to 14 where the names are abbreviated but give their lengths of reign.
490:), is an enigmatic series of kings attested to primarily in laconic references in the
8671:
8624:
8594:
7887:
7861:
7837:
7819:
7619:
7540:
7448:
7317:
7289:
7104:
7072:
7063:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6987:
6975:
6890:
6811:
6663:
6657:
6624:
6618:
6189:
6062:
5926:
5748:
5474:
5073:
5067:
4875:
4843:
4388:
3597:
3239:
3225:
3150:
2985:
2929:
2874:
2662:
2647:
2602:
2518:
2480:
2465:
2378:
2368:
2313:
2303:
1858:
1829:
B. Landsberger (1954). "Assyrische Königsliste und "Dunkles Zeitalter" (Continued)".
1729:
1718:
1626:
1572:
1548:"Castle of the Sealand kings: Discovering ancient Iraq's rebel rulers - The Guardian"
1531:
1510:
1368:
593:
552:
540:
324:
6051:
8727:
8547:
8459:
8405:
8336:
8323:
8302:
8267:
8116:
7904:
7873:
7728:
7704:
7472:
7469:
7463:
7418:
7311:
7292:
7286:
7242:
7225:
7069:
7060:
7057:
6981:
6978:
6816:
6701:
6288:
5378:
5312:
5300:
4993:
4540:
3830:
3134:
2861:
2637:
2607:
2597:
2475:
2460:
2455:
2318:
1838:
1751:
Middle Babylonian Literary Texts from the Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection, Jena
1606:
1445:
998:
990:
487:
376:
303:
269:
3565:
1498:
508:
The dynasty, which had broken free of the short lived, and by this time crumbling
8468:
8454:
8429:
8382:
8345:
8331:
8155:
8004:
7957:
7864:
7829:
7701:
7696:
7624:
7598:
7454:
7329:
7323:
7308:
7301:
7255:
7245:
7078:
7023:
7017:
7014:
6960:
6908:
6744:
6678:
6666:
6654:
6642:
6627:
6606:
6525:
6429:
6426:
6400:
6315:
6294:
6282:
6249:
6243:
6213:
6135:
5945:
5297:
5252:
5206:
5200:
5190:
4980:
4080:
4058:
3825:
3283:
3268:
3246:
3050:
2953:
2774:
2705:
2657:
2632:
2622:
2556:
2490:
2403:
2383:
2343:
2285:
2216:
2167:
2055:
1670:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek – Mythologie
1093:
1073:
707:
544:
406:
397:
263:
208:
127:
78:
8507:
3745:
555:. There is circumstantial evidence that their rule extended at least briefly to
8366:
7910:
7803:
7692:
7645:
7606:
7549:
7451:
7387:
7305:
7264:
7258:
7248:
7236:
7020:
7008:
6996:
6916:
6805:
6759:
6669:
6639:
6603:
6467:
6312:
6291:
6285:
6276:
6228:
6198:
6180:
6155:
6143:
6055:
5912:
5783:
5634:
5496:
5490:
5393:
5385:
5321:
5294:
5258:
5091:
4858:
4855:
4756:
4164:
3929:
3835:
3812:
3704:
3093:
3043:
2889:
2769:
2627:
2388:
2363:
2338:
2275:
2267:
2247:
1049:
875:
363:
1317:
Where ŠEŠ-ḪA of King List A and ŠEŠ-KÙ-KI of King List B are read as URU.KÙ.KI
8706:
8661:
8584:
8569:
8441:
8373:
8253:
7898:
7895:
7648:
7642:
7602:
7558:
7466:
7427:
7261:
7200:
7101:
7098:
7026:
7011:
6972:
6969:
6912:
6851:
6733:
6439:
6432:
6409:
6303:
6297:
6261:
6183:
6139:
6096:
5888:
5786:
5780:
5738:
5637:
5440:
5402:
5175:
5061:
4975:
4785:
4736:
4491:
4475:
4168:
4094:
4055:
4029:
4023:
3984:
3925:
3896:
3621:
3036:
2997:
2831:
2718:
2513:
2508:
2234:
2182:
2172:
2136:
1883:
Sergio Alivernini, 279–297. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts, 2020
1815:
Mace head VA Bab. 645 (BE 6405) with ten line possession inscription, in the
1514:
767:
59:
5523:
1203:, tablets BM 26472 and BM 96152, B rev. (Ilum-ma-ilī) 7-10 (Ea-gâmil) 12–14.
8614:
8411:
8289:
8223:
8141:
8132:
8063:
7989:
7892:
7636:
7537:
7460:
7314:
7270:
7150:
7075:
7035:
6966:
6963:
6957:
6896:
6848:
6836:
6750:
6727:
6720:
6636:
6630:
6600:
6412:
6384:
6366:
6357:
6306:
6099:
6093:
6087:
5992:
5962:
5768:
5680:
5577:
5514:
5462:
5291:
5016:
4951:
4941:
4852:
4803:
4688:
4668:
4664:
4449:
4313:
4173:
4153:
4106:
4065:
3852:
3807:
3656:
3641:
3520:
3506:
3384:
3008:
3002:
2869:
2810:
2794:
2642:
2574:
2528:
2485:
2333:
2323:
2262:
2252:
2144:
2113:
2083:
1110:
1105:
1084:
982:
771:
604:
548:
224:
192:
8426:
8417:
8272:
8226:
8211:
8202:
8196:
8138:
8040:
7998:
7968:
7965:
7907:
7764:
7716:
7627:
7546:
7543:
7526:
7436:
7251:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7163:
7153:
7141:
6990:
6931:
6884:
6860:
6854:
6845:
6839:
6784:
6747:
6730:
6714:
6648:
6633:
6621:
6609:
6580:
6547:
6544:
6406:
6381:
6378:
6372:
6279:
6240:
6237:
6225:
6210:
6207:
6195:
6102:
6090:
6081:
6030:
6024:
5974:
5971:
5959:
5956:
5892:
5869:
5852:
5838:
5829:
5599:
5528:
5518:
5370:
5355:
5349:
5333:
5330:
5233:
5212:
5122:
5085:
5008:
4849:
4639:
4564:
4559:
4552:
4522:
4508:
4471:
4321:
4230:
4145:
4115:
4101:
3870:
3856:
3801:
3736:
3666:
3636:
3513:
3450:
3408:
3332:
3320:
3299:
2960:
2884:
2879:
2780:
2737:
2353:
2328:
2308:
2280:
2242:
2131:
2108:
2103:
2093:
1069:
969:
965:
949:
895:
667:
513:
5592:
1497:
Campbell, S.; Killick, R.; Moon, J.; Calderbank, D.; Robson, E. (2021).
8435:
8432:
8414:
8391:
8376:
8370:
8250:
8247:
8205:
8193:
8187:
8172:
8043:
8034:
8031:
8025:
8007:
7977:
7785:
7710:
7651:
7517:
7457:
7320:
7214:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7167:
7159:
7147:
7135:
6881:
6857:
6842:
6778:
6740:
6717:
6711:
6615:
6354:
6186:
6084:
6043:
6033:
6027:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5977:
5965:
5953:
5950:
5920:
5866:
5863:
5676:
5655:
5631:
5607:
5436:
5327:
5324:
5315:
5306:
5225:
5116:
5002:
4957:
4945:
4789:
4627:
4623:
4572:
4393:
4301:
4227:
4223:
3967:
3840:
3790:
3784:
3471:
3457:
3443:
3415:
3353:
3063:
2787:
2652:
2298:
2068:
1850:
1618:
1040:
A neo-Babylonian official took a bronze band dedicatory inscription of
1034:
952:’s son and successor, “set out to conquer Ilum-ma-ilī,” by damming the
6586:
908:
totals the reigns to give a length of 368 years for this dynasty. The
8444:
8387:
8244:
8214:
8208:
8199:
8184:
8178:
8160:
8135:
8013:
7995:
7782:
7779:
7639:
7566:
7552:
7523:
7511:
7433:
7404:
7144:
7138:
6903:
6833:
6790:
6787:
6736:
6519:
6436:
6422:
6419:
6375:
6369:
6351:
6273:
6264:
6234:
6231:
6222:
6204:
6201:
6039:
6036:
5900:
5896:
5872:
5820:
5807:
5777:
5672:
5668:
5546:
5406:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5103:
5020:
4997:
4961:
4846:
4769:
4692:
4684:
4651:
4548:
4532:
4504:
4467:
4336:
4294:
4111:
3990:
3876:
3429:
3401:
3232:
3056:
3029:
3022:
3015:
2894:
2817:
2730:
2177:
2159:
2154:
2098:
2088:
2063:
1077:
941:
855:
792:
671:
521:
1842:
1610:
624:
clear it either is the same place as the potential Sealand capital.
8394:
8220:
8181:
8175:
8052:
7633:
7630:
7575:
7572:
7514:
7445:
7395:
7358:
7211:
6753:
6612:
6594:
6577:
6515:
6442:
6416:
6363:
6345:
6255:
6130:
6021:
6012:
6000:
5968:
5932:
5908:
5858:
5826:
5802:
5774:
5744:
5732:
5725:
5711:
5705:
5640:
5550:
5532:
5444:
5422:
5418:
5303:
5229:
5058:
5012:
4989:
4984:
4915:
4910:
4879:
4696:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4487:
4408:
4253:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4061:
3997:
3980:
3751:
3698:
3485:
2991:
2979:
2754:
2290:
2201:
2187:
2149:
2078:
1930:
1065:
1025:
1021:
1017:
727:
585:
533:
529:
118:
35:
8623:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
7612:
8447:
8275:
8256:
8241:
8235:
8229:
7563:
7508:
7401:
7398:
7346:
7197:
6939:
6878:
6799:
6793:
6534:
6528:
6300:
6270:
6125:
6015:
5980:
5771:
5714:
5615:
5584:
5288:
4837:
4780:
4709:
4604:
4596:
4461:
4396:
4203:
4200:
4185:
4181:
3993:
3987:
3971:
3849:
2967:
2257:
2224:
1720:
The world's oldest literature: studies in Sumerian belles-lettres
1088:
945:
835:
556:
499:
483:
478:
50:
5700:
2916:
968:
commemorates the “year in which (he) destroyed the city wall of
8238:
8232:
8190:
8101:
7569:
7520:
7095:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
6893:
6796:
6781:
6765:
6510:
6495:
6360:
6267:
6258:
6192:
6149:
6018:
6009:
6006:
6003:
5904:
5876:
5817:
5708:
5603:
5430:
5309:
5221:
5209:
4840:
4797:
4762:
4743:
4715:
4612:
4544:
4482:
4425:
4377:
4286:
4257:
4213:
4210:
4160:
4090:
4008:
3961:
3911:
3886:
3881:
3860:
3677:
3651:
3626:
2229:
2073:
1597:
W. G. Lambert (1974). "The Home of the First Sealand Dynasty".
1030:
953:
937:
815:
747:
620:
589:
581:
517:
5695:
5247:
4919:
4517:
4512:
4340:
4325:
8438:
8420:
6935:
6541:
6522:
5588:
5499:
5470:
5397:
5129:
4793:
4680:
4599:
4527:
4404:
4400:
4282:
4220:
4216:
4177:
3964:
3906:
3901:
3891:
3864:
3646:
3306:
1496:
1290:
Kudurru in the University Museum, Philadelphia, BE I/1 83 15.
8718:
States and territories disestablished in the 15th century BC
5812:
4774:
7392:
7156:
7083:
6927:
6683:
5794:
5649:
5571:
5412:
5340:
5169:
5055:
4886:
4861:
4749:
4730:
4499:
4457:
4412:
4352:
4290:
4237:
4206:
4135:
4035:
3977:
3974:
3921:
3765:
3757:
3727:
3687:
3671:
3661:
3631:
1794:
A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158–722 B.C
1061:
577:
8713:
States and territories established in the 18th century BC
5389:
1503:
Sumer. A Journal of Archaeology and History in Arab World
8558:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
5026:
3682:
997:
statement recording that 696 years had elapsed between
612:
608:
597:
8537:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
6058:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
486:-ruled Babylon), very speculatively c. 1732–1460 BC (
5126:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
1359:
Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization
1060:
Ea-gâmil, the ultimate king of the dynasty, fled to
3595:
1682:
4929:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
1356:
1076:, who conquered the Sealand, incorporated it into
1004:
559:itself. In later times, a Sealand province of the
592:mentions Ayadaragalama. A variant version of the
512:, was named for the province in the far south of
8704:
1781:. The Corning Museum of Glass Press. p. 60.
1776:
1715:
1668:J. A. Brinkman (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard (ed.).
1444:
1245:Formed from BM 35572 and eleven other fragments.
1013:, "sons" in its broadest meaning) of Gulkišar.
603:Excavations conducted between 2013 and 2017 at
543:names and harked back to the glory days of the
1828:
1791:
1667:
3581:
1946:
1596:
1024:, the Kassites having previously deposed the
448:
8572:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
8546:
6050:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
4643:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
2918:Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)
1779:Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia
1762:
1760:
1672:. Vol. 8. Walter De Gruyter. p. 7.
8582:
7799:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
1748:
1001:, Enlil-nādin-apli’s father, and Gulkišar.
3588:
3574:
1953:
1939:
627:
455:
441:
8499:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
5095:"King of the four quarters of the world"
1757:
1354:
8670:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
1785:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1229:
1196:
1194:
498:, and as contemporaries recorded on the
29:
8515:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1037:, the tutelary deities of the Sealand.
14:
8705:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8380:
7610:
7408:
5188:
5179:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
5083:
4007:
1999:
1180:
1178:
1164:
1162:
8660:
8505:
8472:
8467:
8458:
8410:
8349:
8344:
8335:
8330:
8321:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8287:
8153:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8105:
8096:
8086:
8081:
8070:
8061:
7955:
7690:
7597:
7495:
7485:
7371:
7219:
7128:
6950:
6943:
6901:
6825:
6803:
6771:
6757:
6726:
6710:
6584:
6556:
6532:
6487:
6448:
6393:
6329:
6162:
6147:
6124:
6111:
6074:
5924:
5881:
5755:
5731:
5723:
5686:
5624:
5613:
5583:
5567:
5536:
5503:
5483:
5461:
5428:
5337:
5269:
5257:
5216:
5128:
5120:
5048:
4829:
4583:
4576:
4538:
4465:
4447:
4416:
4369:
4335:
4320:
4312:
4299:
4280:
4268:
4251:
4235:
4198:
4151:
4125:
4047:
4012:
3940:
3764:
3733:
3726:
3715:
3696:
3569:
2915:
1934:
1753:. Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 3–38.
1431:
1191:
8613:
1960:
1206:
8637:
1796:. Analecta Orientalia. p. 118.
1175:
1159:
1116:Chronology of the ancient Near East
429:List of kings by Period and Dynasty
24:
8593:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
8512:Chronology of the Neolithic period
8164:
7794:
7611:
7593:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
7378:
7269:
6585:
6557:
6500:
6330:
5937:
5591:
3952:
3282:
2215:
1870:
1685:Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles
25:
8739:
8169:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
6505:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
4316:("made the land of Elam submit")
2943:
2690:
1919:
1377:– via The Internet archive.
1363:. University of Chicago. p.
1254:Tablet Ashm. 1922.353 from Larsa.
1072:, brother of the king of Babylon
964:The last surviving year-name for
600:and is a piece from this period.
580:are provisioned, Anzak, a god of
8590:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
8516:
8506:
5811:
5699:
5694:
5522:
5251:
5246:
5077:
4923:
4918:
4773:
4672:
4603:
4516:
4511:
4381:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4119:
3769:
3756:
3744:
3709:
3552:
3551:
2860:
1147:MS 2200/394, 444, 321 and so on.
482:(although it was independent of
34:Conquest of the Sea-Land by the
8654:
8607:
8576:
8562:
8540:
8531:
7587:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
1822:
1817:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin
1809:
1800:
1770:
1742:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1676:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1633:
1590:
1581:
1565:
1540:
1521:
1484:
1474:
1465:
1329:
1320:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1005:Pešgaldarameš and Ayadaragalama
27:Dynasty of southern Mesopotamia
8522:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
7660:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
7207:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
7131:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
5693:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
1687:. J. J. Augustin. p. 221.
1456:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1381:
1348:
1311:
1121:List of Mesopotamian dynasties
959:
924:
38:. 20th century reconstruction.
13:
1:
8492:Muslim conquest of the Levant
7738:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
7681:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
7666:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
7504:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
7374:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
7175:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
6874:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
1341:
1272:Tablets MCS 2 52, YOS 13 359.
1234:Synchronistic King List A.117
910:Synchronistic King List A.117
503:Synchronistic king list A.117
232:
216:
200:
184:
168:
135:
102:
86:
7041:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
3775:(Uruk influence or control)
1831:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
1683:Albert Kirk Grayson (1975).
1599:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
1188:, BM 38122, reverse 1 to 13.
829:Ayadaragalama, his son, same
809:Pešgaldarameš, his son, same
539:The later kings bore pseudo-
524:rivers (the region known as
7:
7735:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
6774:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
6573:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
6120:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
6114:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5374:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
4361:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
3762:(Anonymous "King-priests")
3717:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
1452:. CDL Press. pp. 1–16.
1138:MS 2200/40 and MS 2200/455.
1099:
1055:
987:mu.us-sa Gul-ki-šar lugal-e
975:
10:
8744:
8527:
8362:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
7789:
7672:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
7556:
7530:
7482:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
6828:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
6593:Third Babylonian dynasty (
6490:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
6452:Second Intermediate Period
5262:(vassal of the Akkadians)
4650:
3795:Early or legendary kings:
1355:Oppenheim, A. Leo (1977).
1326:Given as PEŠ.GAL-DÀRA.MAŠ.
1236:, Assur 14616c, i 1 to 10.
566:
8496:
8489:
8482:
8453:
8403:
8400:
8359:
8318:
8284:
8265:
8107:Parthamaspates of Parthia
8093:
8058:
7917:
7885:
7678:
7657:
7584:
7581:
7487:Assyrian conquest of Elam
7480:
7368:
7334:
7268:
7229:
7093:
7082:
7039:
6867:Third Intermediate Period
6682:
6553:
6397:Second Babylonian dynasty
6342:("Old Babylonian Period")
6108:
6060:
5824:
5792:
5764:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
5736:
5720:
5667:
5664:
5647:
5569:
5554:
5513:
5480:
5426:
5410:
5384:
5376:
5347:
5272:First Intermediate Period
5266:
5242:
5198:
5183:
5167:
5142:
5133:
5107:
5102:
4914:
4893:
4874:
4865:
4826:
4801:
4784:
4760:
4747:
4742:
4728:
4713:
4704:
4656:
4632:
4557:
4497:
4480:
4445:
4424:
4418:Early Dynastic Period III
4366:
4350:
4278:
4276:
4265:
4192:
4143:
4133:
4044:
4021:
3937:
3868:
3799:
3782:
3779:
3720:
3693:
3620:
3604:
3549:
3267:
3133:
3124:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
3092:
3077:
2928:
2924:
2911:
2845:
2675:
2573:
2555:
2527:
2499:
2431:
2416:
2200:
2122:
2054:
2039:
1990:
1986:
1966:
1777:A. Leo Oppenheim (1970).
1716:William W. Hallo (2009).
1335:Given as A-DÀRA-GALAM.MA.
919:
607:, around 20 km from
574:Martin Schøyen collection
8485:Muslim conquest of Egypt
7949:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
7780:Cleopatra VII Philopator
7277:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
6339:First Babylonian dynasty
6077:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
5581:(vassal of the Gutians)
5278:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
4270:Early Dynastic Period II
2418:Middle Babylonian period
1972:List of kings of Babylon
1767:Press, 2021, pp. 324-332
1305:
1201:Chronicle of Early Kings
1064:ahead of an army led by
1048:“king of the world,” to
932:Chronicle of Early Kings
572:tablets mainly from the
8570:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
8313:Province of Mesopotamia
8122:Province of Mesopotamia
8098:Province of Mesopotamia
8073:Roman conquest of Egypt
7914:Antigonus II Mattathias
7708:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
7281:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
5758:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
5284:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
4592:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
4127:Early Dynastic Period I
4050:Second Dynasty of Egypt
2588:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
1792:J. A. Brinkman (1968).
628:The King list tradition
8170:
7952:Philip II Philoromaeus
7946:Antiochus XII Dionysus
7940:Demetrius III Eucaerus
7937:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
7928:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
7800:
7768:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
7723:Arsinoe III Philopator
7616:
7384:
7274:
7111:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
7043:Second Dynasty of Isin
6590:
6563:
6506:
6335:
6218:(Non-dynastic usurpers
5942:
5627:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
5596:
5486:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
5051:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
4832:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
4659:Second kingdom of Mari
4372:Third Dynasty of Egypt
4306:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
3958:
3949:First Dynasty of Egypt
3205:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
3198:Seleucus IV Philopator
3170:Seleucus II Callinicus
2542:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
596:relocates the hero to
262:(combined rule of the
177:Second Sealand dynasty
161:Second Dynasty of Isin
39:
8556:The Ancient Near East
8474:Byzantine Mesopotamia
8388:Province of Asoristan
8351:Byzantine Mesopotamia
8168:
8161:Province of Asoristan
7943:Philip I Philadelphus
7931:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
7925:Antiochus VIII Grypus
7922:Seleucus V Philometor
7877:Antiochus VII Sidetes
7871:Antiochus VI Dionysus
7798:
7771:Berenice IV Epiphanea
7732:Ptolemy VI Philometor
7720:Ptolemy IV Philopator
7717:Berenice II Euergetis
7714:Ptolemy III Euergetes
7615:
7533:Neo-Babylonian Empire
7443:Marduk-apla-iddina II
7440:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
7431:Marduk-apla-iddina II
7382:
7337:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
7273:
6994:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
6684:Middle Elamite period
6589:
6561:
6504:
6334:
5941:
5595:
5350:Third kingdom of Mari
5071:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
4146:First kingdom of Mari
3956:
3943:Early Dynastic Period
3785:Proto-Dynastic period
3314:Antiochus VII Sidetes
3177:Seleucus III Ceraunus
3110:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2847:Neo-Babylonian Empire
2749:Marduk-apla-iddina II
2744:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
2725:Marduk-apla-iddina II
2041:Old Babylonian Empire
948:king of Babylon, and
561:Neo-Babylonian Empire
510:Old Babylonian Empire
469:First Sealand dynasty
95:First Sealand dynasty
33:
8723:Babylonian dynasties
7919:Alexander II Zabinas
7783:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
7759:Ptolemy XI Alexander
7741:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
7296:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
7284:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
7108:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
7049:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
6673:Marduk-apla-iddina I
6567:New Kingdom of Egypt
6390:Early Kassite rulers
5684:(Vassals of Ur III)
5665:(Vassals of UR III)
5065:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
5035:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
4586:Old Kingdom of Egypt
3254:Demetrius II Nicator
2613:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
2593:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
2537:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
2441:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
2394:Marduk-apla-iddina I
1749:Elyze Zomer (2019).
1552:www.theguardian.com/
8424:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
7934:Antiochus X Eusebes
7762:Ptolemy XII Auletes
7753:Ptolemy X Alexander
7747:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
7726:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
7411:Neo-Assyrian Empire
7299:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
7232:Neo-Assyrian Empire
7055:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
6946:Syro-Hittite states
6652:Shagarakti-Shuriash
6325:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
5319:Neferkare Pepiseneb
5218:Akkadian Governors:
3722:Pre-Dynastic period
3219:Antiochus V Eupator
3184:Antiochus III Megas
2712:Tiglath-Pileser III
2677:Neo-Assyrian period
2618:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
2451:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
2359:Shagarakti-Shuriash
1899:Ministry of Culture
8650:Sumerian King List
8464:Palaestina Secunda
8341:Palaestina Secunda
8171:
7902:Alexander Jannaeus
7801:
7791:Hellenistic Period
7617:
7385:
7363:Humban-haltash III
7327:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
7275:
7240:Tukulti-Ninurta II
7221:Kingdom of Samaria
7117:Mar-biti-apla-usur
7114:Shirikti-shuqamuna
7084:Neo-Elamite period
7067:Marduk-shapik-zeri
7052:Itti-Marduk-balatu
7033:Tiglath-Pileser II
7030:Ashur-resh-ishi II
6985:Enlil-kudurri-usur
6676:Zababa-shuma-iddin
6661:Kadashman-Harbe II
6646:Kadashman-Enlil II
6591:
6564:
6507:
6336:
6322:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
6319:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
6310:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
6069:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
5943:
5597:
4972:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
4353:Old Elamite period
4245:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
4098:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
4015:Jemdet Nasr period
3959:
3163:Antiochus II Theos
3144:Seleucus I Nicator
3079:Hellenistic period
2974:Nebuchadnezzar III
2565:Mar-biti-apla-usur
2547:Shirikti-shuqamuna
2471:Marduk-shapik-zeri
2446:Itti-Marduk-balatu
2399:Zababa-shuma-iddin
2374:Kadashman-Harbe II
2349:Kadashman-Enlil II
334:Achaemenid dynasty
40:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8677:978-1-62564-606-4
8662:Unger, Merrill F.
8630:978-0-14-193825-7
8600:978-1-60606-649-2
8367:Province of Egypt
8298:Province of Egypt
8078:Province of Egypt
7820:Antigonid dynasty
7620:Achaemenid Empire
7541:Nebuchadnezzar II
7449:Ashur-nadin-shumi
7318:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
7290:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
7105:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
7073:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
7064:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
7006:Asharid-apal-Ekur
7003:Tiglath-Pileser I
7000:Ashur-resh-ishi I
6988:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
6976:Tukulti-Ninurta I
6923:Kingdom of Israel
6891:Osorkon the Elder
6812:Shutrukid dynasty
6697:Igehalkid dynasty
6664:Adad-shuma-iddina
6658:Enlil-nadin-shumi
6625:Kadashman-Enlil I
6619:Kadashman-harbe I
6063:Sukkalmah dynasty
5927:Isin-Larsa period
5749:Shimashki Dynasty
5475:Puzur-Inshushinak
5074:Netjerkare Siptah
4844:Neferirkare Kakai
4389:Egyptian pyramids
3598:Ancient Near East
3563:
3562:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3274:(141 BC – AD 224)
3263:
3262:
3240:Demetrius I Soter
3226:Demetrius I Soter
3151:Antiochus I Soter
3073:
3072:
2986:Nebuchadnezzar IV
2919:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2875:Nebuchadnezzar II
2841:
2840:
2671:
2670:
2663:Nabu-suma-ukin II
2648:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
2603:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
2519:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
2481:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
2466:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
2412:
2411:
2379:Adad-shuma-iddina
2369:Enlil-nadin-shumi
2314:Kadashman-Enlil I
2304:Kadashman-Harbe I
2196:
2195:
2035:
2034:
1724:. BRILL. p.
1047:
1012:
999:Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur
915:
902:
901:
795:
786:
553:Akkadian language
474:
465:
464:
418:
417:
388:
387:
345:
344:
315:
314:
285:
284:
275:
239:
238:
152:Middle Babylonian
142:
141:
109:
108:
16:(Redirected from
8735:
8682:
8681:
8658:
8652:
8646:
8635:
8634:
8611:
8605:
8604:
8583:Thomas, Ariane;
8580:
8574:
8573:
8566:
8560:
8559:
8544:
8538:
8535:
8520:
8510:
8460:Palaestina Prima
8406:Byzantine Empire
8337:Palaestina Prima
8324:Byzantine Empire
8303:Syria Palaestina
8268:Palmyrene Empire
8254:Bahram VI Chobin
8117:Syria Palaestina
7905:Salome Alexandra
7888:Kingdom of Judea
7874:Diodotus Tryphon
7729:Cleopatra I Syra
7705:Ptolemy Keraunos
7473:Ashur-uballit II
7470:Sin-shumu-lishir
7464:Ashur-etil-ilani
7419:Sargonid dynasty
7312:Marduk-apla-usur
7293:Nabu-apla-iddina
7287:Shamash-mudammiq
7243:Ashurnasirpal II
7226:Kingdom of Judah
7070:Adad-apla-iddina
7061:Enlil-nadin-apli
7058:Nebuchadnezzar I
6982:Ashur-nirari III
6979:Ashur-nadin-apli
6817:Shutruk-Nakhunte
6702:Untash-Napirisha
6691:Kidinuid dynasty
6289:Shamshi-Adad III
5997:Dynasty of Larsa
5815:
5703:
5698:
5526:
5379:Shar-Kali-Sharri
5313:Neferkare Tereru
5301:Neferkare Khendu
5255:
5250:
5081:
5040:Kiku-siwe-tempti
4927:
4922:
4777:
4706:Kish III dynasty
4676:
4607:
4520:
4515:
4420:(2600–2340 BCE)
4385:
4348:
4343:
4333:
4328:
4272:(2700–2600 BCE)
4129:(2900–2700 BCE)
4123:
4040:(3100–2700 BCE)
4019:(3100–2900 BCE)
3773:
3760:
3748:
3724:(4000–2900 BCE)
3713:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3554:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2763:Aššur-nādin-šumi
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2638:Marduk-apla-usur
2608:Nabu-apla-iddina
2598:Shamash-mudammiq
2476:Adad-apla-iddina
2461:Enlil-nadin-apli
2456:Nebuchadnezzar I
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2319:Burna-Buriash II
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2141:Unknown king (?)
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2027:
2022:
2015:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1961:Kings of Babylon
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1864:
1862:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1723:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1544:
1538:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1446:Stephanie Dalley
1442:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1374:978-0-22663186-8
1362:
1352:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1045:
1010:
991:Enlil-nādin-apli
913:
793:
784:
635:
634:
594:Epic of Gilgameš
488:short chronology
472:
457:
450:
443:
403:
402:
377:Seleucid dynasty
360:
359:
330:
329:
304:Chaldean dynasty
300:
299:
261:
258:Assyrian dynasty
254:
253:
234:
218:
202:
186:
170:
157:
156:
137:
124:
123:
104:
88:
75:
74:
42:
41:
21:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8696:
8695:
8686:
8685:
8678:
8659:
8655:
8647:
8638:
8631:
8612:
8608:
8601:
8581:
8577:
8568:
8567:
8563:
8545:
8541:
8536:
8532:
8469:Byzantine Syria
8455:Byzantine Egypt
8430:Farrukh Hormizd
8390:
8386:
8383:Sasanian Empire
8369:
8365:
8346:Byzantine Syria
8332:Byzantine Egypt
8271:
8163:
8159:
8156:Sasanian Empire
8076:
7981:Mithridates III
7961:
7958:Parthian Empire
7891:
7830:Seleucid Empire
7827:
7817:
7793:
7702:Ptolemy I Soter
7700:
7697:Ptolemaic Egypt
7669:
7663:
7623:
7605:
7601:
7599:Kings of Byblos
7590:
7562:
7536:
7507:
7501:
7475:
7455:Mushezib-Marduk
7425:Tiglath-Pileser
7423:
7414:
7391:
7377:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7332:
7330:Nabu-mukin-zeri
7324:Nabu-nadin-zeri
7309:Marduk-bel-zeri
7302:Baba-aha-iddina
7279:
7256:Adad-nirari III
7246:Shalmaneser III
7235:
7224:
7223:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7201:Menkheperre Ini
7178:
7171:
7170:
7134:
7120:Nabû-mukin-apli
7097:
7086:(1100–540 BCE)
7079:Nabu-shum-libur
7047:
7024:Ashur-nirari IV
7018:Ashurnasirpal I
7015:Shamshi-Adad IV
6961:Ashur-uballit I
6956:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6909:Kings of Byblos
6907:
6877:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6832:
6831:
6815:
6809:
6777:
6764:
6763:
6745:Neferneferuaten
6705:
6704:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6687:(1500–1100 BCE)
6679:Enlil-nadin-ahi
6667:Adad-shuma-usur
6655:Kashtiliashu IV
6643:Kadashman-Turgu
6628:Burnaburiash II
6607:Kashtiliash III
6599:
6576:
6570:
6540:
6539:(1600–1260 BCE)
6538:
6508:
6499:
6493:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6461:
6455:
6435:
6430:Peshgaldaramesh
6425:
6415:
6405:
6401:Sealand Dynasty
6398:
6395:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6350:
6343:
6341:
6316:Ashur-nirari II
6295:Puzur-Ashur III
6283:Shamshi-Adad II
6254:
6252:
6250:Adaside dynasty
6247:
6246:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6168:
6159:
6153:
6142:
6138:
6136:Kings of Byblos
6134:
6128:
6117:
6080:
6067:
6066:
6048:Uruk VI dynasty
6046:
5995:
5946:Dynasty of Isin
5936:
5930:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5862:
5856:
5849:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5816:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5767:
5761:
5743:
5704:
5692:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5654:
5644:
5630:
5614:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5587:
5580:
5576:
5562:
5558:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5508:(2150–2000 BCE)
5489:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5421:
5417:
5405:
5401:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5343:
5298:Djedkare Shemai
5287:
5281:
5275:
5261:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5207:Sargon of Akkad
5205:
5204:
5201:Akkadian Empire
5193:(2340–2150 BCE)
5191:Akkadian Period
5178:
5174:
5162:
5158:
5137:
5125:
5115:
5111:
5094:
5090:
5076:
5054:
5033:
5031:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4983:
4974:
4960:
4956:
4944:
4940:
4928:
4899:
4896:
4890:
4878:
4869:
4836:
4835:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4738:
4735:
4723:
4719:
4708:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4654:(2500-539 BCE)
4642:
4638:
4608:
4602:
4595:
4589:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4359:
4358:
4357:(2700–1500 BCE)
4356:
4304:
4293:
4256:("conqueror of
4242:
4226:
4219:
4209:
4195:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4158:
4149:
4141:
4138:
4118:
4054:
4053:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4018:
3960:
3946:
3933:
3874:
3805:
3794:
3788:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3741:(4000–3100 BCE)
3740:
3734:
3708:
3702:
3674:
3655:
3645:
3618:
3616:
3600:
3594:
3564:
3559:
3533:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3269:Parthian period
3259:
3247:Alexander Balas
3129:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3069:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2920:
2899:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2803:Šamaš-šuma-ukin
2775:Mushezib-Marduk
2706:Nabu-mukin-zeri
2699:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2658:Nabu-nadin-zeri
2633:Marduk-bel-zeri
2623:Baba-aha-iddina
2583:Nabû-mukin-apli
2569:
2551:
2523:
2495:
2491:Nabu-shum-libur
2422:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2404:Enlil-nadin-ahi
2384:Adad-shuma-usur
2344:Kadashman-Turgu
2286:Kashtiliash III
2206:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2168:Peshgaldaramesh
2118:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1962:
1959:
1922:
1873:
1871:Further reading
1868:
1867:
1843:10.2307/1359531
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1611:10.2307/1359442
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1526:
1522:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1443:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1102:
1094:Pergamon Museum
1074:Kashtiliash III
1058:
1007:
978:
962:
927:
922:
647:Purported reign
630:
569:
545:Dynasty of Isin
477:2nd Dynasty of
461:
432:
420:
419:
407:Arsacid dynasty
400:
390:
389:
357:
347:
346:
327:
317:
316:
297:
287:
286:
271:
265:
260:
251:
241:
240:
209:Elamite dynasty
154:
144:
143:
128:Kassite dynasty
121:
111:
110:
79:Amorite dynasty
72:
62:
28:
23:
22:
18:Sealand Dynasty
15:
12:
11:
5:
8741:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8676:
8653:
8636:
8629:
8606:
8599:
8585:Potts, Timothy
8575:
8561:
8539:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8514:
8503:
8502:
8495:
8488:
8481:
8477:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8409:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8379:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8294:
8293:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8264:
8260:
8259:
8152:
8148:
8147:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8095:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8068:
8067:
8060:
8059:30 BCE–116 CE
8056:
8055:
7993:Mithridates IV
7975:Mithridates II
7954:
7916:
7911:Aristobulus II
7884:
7880:
7879:
7804:Argead dynasty
7788:
7693:Argead dynasty
7689:
7685:
7684:
7676:
7675:
7655:
7654:
7646:Artaxerxes III
7609:
7607:Kings of Sidon
7596:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7555:
7550:Labashi-Marduk
7529:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7452:Nergal-ushezib
7407:
7388:Black Pharaohs
7370:
7366:
7365:
7333:
7306:Ninurta-apla-X
7267:
7265:Ashur-nirari V
7259:Shalmaneser IV
7249:Shamshi-Adad V
7237:Adad-nirari II
7228:
7218:
7127:
7123:
7122:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7081:
7038:
7021:Shalmaneser II
7009:Ashur-bel-kala
6997:Mutakkil-Nusku
6953:Middle Assyria
6949:
6942:
6917:Kings of Sidon
6900:
6824:
6823:1155–1025 BCE
6820:
6819:
6806:Elamite Empire
6802:
6769:
6768:
6760:Hittite Empire
6756:
6724:
6723:
6708:
6707:
6681:
6670:Meli-Shipak II
6640:Nazi-Maruttash
6604:Burnaburiash I
6583:
6555:
6554:1531–1155 BCE
6551:
6550:
6531:
6486:
6446:
6445:
6392:
6328:
6313:Enlil-Nasir II
6292:Ashur-nirari I
6286:Ishme-Dagan II
6277:Sharma-Adad II
6229:Ashur-apla-idi
6220:1735–1701 BCE)
6199:Ashur-apla-idi
6181:Shamshi-Adad I
6176:1808–1736 BCE)
6161:
6156:Yamhad dynasty
6146:
6144:Kings of Sidon
6123:
6110:
6109:1800–1595 BCE
6106:
6105:
6072:
6071:
6059:
5923:
5913:Puzur-Ashur II
5880:
5823:
5790:
5789:
5784:Mentuhotep III
5753:
5752:
5735:
5730:
5722:
5721:2025-1763 BCE
5718:
5717:
5689:Ur III dynasty
5685:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5646:
5635:Neferkare VIII
5623:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5610:
5582:
5568:
5566:
5553:
5539:Gutian dynasty
5535:
5511:
5510:
5502:
5497:Nebkaure Khety
5491:Meryibre Khety
5482:
5478:
5477:
5460:
5427:
5425:
5409:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5346:
5336:
5322:Neferkamin Anu
5295:Neferkare Neby
5268:
5264:
5263:
5259:Lugal-ushumgal
5256:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5215:
5196:
5195:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5166:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5092:Lugalannemundu
5082:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5023:
5006:
4987:
4978:
4969:
4964:
4948:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4859:Djedkare Isesi
4856:Menkauhor Kaiu
4828:
4824:
4823:
4800:
4783:
4759:
4757:Pabilgagaltuku
4746:
4741:
4727:
4716:Akshak dynasty
4712:
4703:
4655:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4631:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4556:
4541:Enun-dara-anna
4536:
4535:
4496:
4479:
4464:
4446:
4444:
4422:
4421:
4415:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4349:
4334:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4298:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4234:
4197:
4190:
4189:
4165:Kullassina-bel
4150:
4142:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4020:
4011:
4006:
3957:Narmer Palette
3939:
3938:3100–2900 BCE
3935:
3934:
3867:
3797:
3796:
3781:
3780:3200–3100 BCE
3777:
3776:
3763:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3714:
3695:
3694:4000–3200 BCE
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3596:Rulers of the
3593:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3500:Parthamaspates
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3347:Mithridates II
3343:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3047:
3044:Artaxerxes III
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2930:Persian period
2922:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2890:Labashi-Marduk
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2855:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2825:Sîn-šumu-līšir
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2770:Nergal-ushezib
2767:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:Ninurta-apla-X
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Kashtiliash IV
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Nazi-Maruttash
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Burnaburiash I
2273:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2248:Kashtiliash II
2245:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2207:(1729–1157 BC)
2202:Kassite period
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2046:(1894–1595 BC)
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1920:External links
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1821:
1808:
1799:
1784:
1769:
1756:
1741:
1734:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1675:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1632:
1605:(4): 208–209.
1589:
1580:
1564:
1539:
1520:
1483:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1430:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1205:
1190:
1174:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1057:
1054:
1050:Tell en-Nasbeh
1029:gods includes
1006:
1003:
995:Distanzangaben
977:
974:
961:
958:
926:
923:
921:
918:
900:
899:
893:
890:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:Sharma-Adad II
873:
870:
867:
864:
860:
859:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
813:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:
790:
787:
782:
780:
776:
775:
765:
762:
759:
756:
752:
751:
745:
742:
739:
738:Šušši, brother
736:
732:
731:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
711:
705:
702:
701:Damqi-ilišu II
699:
696:
692:
691:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
665:
662:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
629:
626:
568:
565:
563:also existed.
463:
462:
460:
459:
452:
445:
437:
434:
433:
425:
422:
421:
416:
415:
412:
409:
401:
396:
395:
392:
391:
386:
385:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
366:
364:Argead dynasty
358:
353:
352:
349:
348:
343:
342:
339:
336:
328:
323:
322:
319:
318:
313:
312:
309:
306:
298:
295:Neo-Babylonian
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
282:
279:
276:
252:
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
236:
230:
227:
221:
220:
214:
211:
205:
204:
198:
195:
189:
188:
182:
179:
173:
172:
166:
163:
155:
150:
149:
146:
145:
140:
139:
133:
130:
122:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
106:
100:
97:
91:
90:
84:
81:
73:
70:Old Babylonian
68:
67:
64:
63:
58:All years are
57:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8740:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8668:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8643:
8641:
8632:
8626:
8622:
8621:
8616:
8615:Roux, Georges
8610:
8602:
8596:
8592:
8591:
8586:
8579:
8571:
8565:
8557:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8519:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8494:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8461:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8446:
8443:
8442:Yazdegerd III
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8408:
8407:
8399:
8396:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8384:
8378:
8375:
8374:Sahralanyozan
8372:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8355:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8333:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8317:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8269:
8262:
8261:
8258:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8234:
8231:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8167:
8162:
8158:
8157:
8150:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8130:Mithridates V
8128:
8127:Sinatruces II
8123:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8050:Artabanus III
8048:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8020:Tiridates III
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7963:Mithridates I
7960:
7959:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7915:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7899:Aristobulus I
7897:
7896:John Hyrcanus
7894:
7890:
7889:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7865:Alexander III
7863:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7850:Antiochus III
7848:
7845:
7842:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7809:Alexander III
7806:
7805:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7744:Cleopatra III
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7694:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7649:Artaxerxes IV
7647:
7644:
7643:Artaxerxes II
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7614:
7608:
7604:
7603:Kings of Tyre
7600:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7580:
7577:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7559:Median Empire
7554:
7551:
7548:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7467:Sinsharishkun
7465:
7462:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7413:
7412:
7406:
7403:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7389:
7381:
7376:
7375:
7367:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7339:
7338:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7304:(five kings)
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7263:
7262:Ashur-Dan III
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7234:
7233:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7176:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7132:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7102:Ea-mukin-zeri
7100:
7099:Simbar-shipak
7096:
7091:1025–934 BCE
7090:
7089:
7085:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7044:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7027:Ashur-rabi II
7025:
7022:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7012:Eriba-Adad II
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6973:Shalmaneser I
6971:
6970:Adad-nirari I
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6918:
6914:
6913:Kings of Tyre
6910:
6906:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6852:Ramesses VIII
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6767:
6762:
6761:
6755:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6734:Amenhotep III
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6692:
6685:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6596:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6503:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6440:Melamkurkurra
6438:
6434:
6433:Ayadaragalama
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6410:Itti-ili-nibi
6408:
6404:
6402:
6391:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6304:Ashur-shaduni
6302:
6299:
6298:Enlil-nasir I
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6262:Sharma-Adad I
6260:
6257:
6253:1700–722 BCE)
6251:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6184:Ishme-Dagan I
6182:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6157:
6152:
6151:
6145:
6141:
6140:Kings of Tyre
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6115:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6097:Amenemhat III
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6070:
6065:
6064:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5889:Puzur-Ashur I
5886:
5885:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5796:
5795:Third Eblaite
5791:
5788:
5787:Mentuhotep IV
5785:
5782:
5781:Mentuhotep II
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5729:
5727:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5638:Wahkare Khety
5636:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:Ur III period
5501:
5498:
5495:
5494:Neferkare VII
5492:
5488:
5487:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5441:Ur-Ningirsu I
5438:
5434:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5124:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5080:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4976:Lugal-kisalsi
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4365:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4170:
4169:Nangishlishma
4166:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4137:
4136:First Eblaite
4132:
4128:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:Seth-Peribsen
4093:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:Hotepsekhemwy
4052:
4051:
4043:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:Proto-Elamite
4017:
4016:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:Double Falcon
3924:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3558:
3548:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:Vologases III
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3479:Artabanus III
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3293:Mithridates I
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:Alexander III
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:Artaxerxes IV
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:Artaxerxes II
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:Shamash-eriba
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2914:
2910:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2833:
2832:Sinsharishkun
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2719:Shalmaneser V
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Ea-mukin-zeri
2512:
2510:
2509:Simbar-shipak
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:(1157–732 BC)
2419:
2415:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:Kadashman-Sah
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Kashtiliash I
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Melamkurkurra
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Ayadaragalama
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Itti-ili-nibi
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:foreign ruler
2008:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1735:9789004173811
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1577:9781501507823
1574:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1536:9780992725747
1533:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:Supplement -
1492:
1487:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
973:
971:
967:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
933:
917:
911:
907:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
869:Melamkurkurra
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
791:
788:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
769:
768:Sharma-Adad I
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
753:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
685:Itti-ili-nībī
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
650:Contemporary
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
633:
625:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
470:
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
438:
436:
435:
431:
430:
424:
423:
414:141 BC–AD 224
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
399:
394:
393:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
356:
351:
350:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
320:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
290:
280:
277:
273:
267:
259:
256:
255:
250:
245:
244:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
153:
148:
147:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
120:
115:
114:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
65:
61:
56:
55:
52:
48:
44:
43:
37:
32:
19:
8666:
8656:
8620:Ancient Iraq
8619:
8609:
8589:
8578:
8564:
8555:
8542:
8533:
8497:
8490:
8483:
8412:Ardashir III
8404:
8381:
8322:
8290:Roman Empire
8288:
8266:
8224:Yazdegerd II
8154:
8145:Artabanus IV
8142:Vologases VI
8133:Vologases IV
8064:Roman Empire
8062:
8047:Vologases II
8023:Artabanus II
8017:Artabanus II
8002:Tiridates II
7990:Phraates III
7956:
7893:Simon Thassi
7886:
7868:Demetrius II
7856:Antiochus IV
7847:Seleucus III
7841:Antiochus II
7828:
7818:
7815:Alexander IV
7802:
7790:
7774:Ptolemy XIII
7756:Berenice III
7750:Cleopatra IV
7691:
7688:331–141 BCE
7679:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7637:Artaxerxes I
7618:
7585:
7582:539–331 BCE
7557:
7538:Nabopolassar
7531:
7502:
7496:
7493:626–539 BCE
7461:Ashurbanipal
7416:
7415:
7409:
7372:
7369:745–609 BCE
7335:
7315:Eriba-Marduk
7276:
7230:
7205:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7151:Shoshenq III
7129:
7126:911–745 BCE
7094:
7076:Marduk-zer-X
7040:
7036:Ashur-dan II
6967:Arik-den-ili
6964:Enlil-nirari
6958:Eriba-Adad I
6951:
6944:
6921:
6902:
6897:Psusennes II
6872:
6871:
6865:
6849:Ramesses VII
6837:Ramesses III
6826:
6810:
6804:
6772:
6758:
6739:
6728:Amenhotep II
6721:Thutmose III
6695:
6689:
6686:
6637:Kurigalzu II
6631:Kara-hardash
6601:Agum-Kakrime
6592:
6571:
6565:
6533:
6516:'Aper-'Anati
6514:
6509:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6413:Damqi-ilishu
6396:
6385:Samsu-Ditana
6367:Sin-muballit
6358:Sin-muballit
6337:
6307:Ashur-rabi I
6172:Shamshi-Adad
6169:
6163:
6148:
6118:
6112:
6100:Amenemhat IV
6094:Senusret III
6088:Amenemhat II
6075:
6061:
6047:
5996:
5993:Damiq-ilishu
5963:Lipit-Eshtar
5944:
5925:
5882:
5850:
5846:
5830:Shakkanakkus
5793:
5769:Mentuhotep I
5762:
5756:
5737:
5724:
5687:
5681:Puzur-Ishtar
5648:
5643:
5625:
5578:Lugalannatum
5570:
5537:
5504:
5484:
5463:Hishep-Ratep
5429:
5411:
5348:
5338:
5292:Neferkare II
5282:
5276:
5270:
5217:
5199:
5189:
5168:
5121:Invasion by
5084:
5049:
5025:
5017:Enannatum II
4981:E-iginimpa'e
4950:
4942:Igrish-Halam
4853:Nyuserre Ini
4830:
4804:Awan dynasty
4802:
4761:
4748:
4729:
4714:
4705:
4689:Ishtup-Ishar
4669:Iku-Shamagan
4665:Ikun-Shamash
4657:
4635:Ur I dynasty
4633:
4626:
4615:
4590:
4584:
4558:
4539:
4498:
4481:
4466:
4448:
4407:
4399:
4370:
4351:
4314:Enmebaragesi
4300:
4281:
4252:
4243:
4236:
4199:
4194:
4174:En-tarah-ana
4159:
4152:
4144:
4134:
4110:
4107:Neferkasokar
4105:
4100:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4048:
4028:
4022:
4013:
4001:
3996:
3947:
3941:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3855:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3808:Finger Snail
3806:
3800:
3783:
3752:Anu Ziggurat
3735:
3703:
3697:
3615:Territories/
3528:Artabanus IV
3526:
3521:Vologases VI
3519:
3512:
3507:Vologases IV
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3437:Artabanus II
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:Phraates III
3383:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3122:
3117:Alexander IV
3115:
3108:
3101:
3084:(331–141 BC)
3062:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3009:Artaxerxes I
3007:
3003:Bel-shimanni
2990:
2978:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2935:(539–331 BC)
2870:Nabopolassar
2852:(626–539 BC)
2830:
2823:
2816:
2811:Ashurbanipal
2809:
2801:
2800:
2795:Ashurbanipal
2793:
2786:
2779:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2736:
2729:
2717:
2710:
2682:(732–626 BC)
2643:Eriba-Marduk
2486:Marduk-zer-X
2334:Kurigalzu II
2324:Kara-hardash
2272:Unknown king
2263:Harba-Shipak
2253:Urzigurumash
2239:Unknown king
2145:Damqi-ilishu
2123:
2114:Samsu-Ditana
2084:Sin-Muballit
2019:
2012:
2009:Kings
1977:Royal titles
1837:(2): 70–71.
1834:
1830:
1824:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1750:
1744:
1719:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1635:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1583:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1554:. 2017-09-01
1551:
1542:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1486:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1383:
1358:
1350:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1200:
1185:
1169:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1127:Inscriptions
1111:Tell Dehaila
1106:Tell Khaiber
1082:
1059:
1042:A-ia-da-a-ra
1041:
1039:
1015:
1008:
994:
986:
983:Samsu-ditāna
979:
963:
930:
928:
909:
905:
903:
772:Samsu-Ditana
631:
617:
605:Tell Khaiber
602:
570:
538:
525:
507:
502:
495:
492:king lists A
491:
476:
468:
466:
426:
249:Neo-Assyrian
225:Dynasty of E
193:Bazi dynasty
94:
45:Periods and
8552:Simpson, W.
8480:639–651 CE
8427:Azarmidokht
8418:Khosrow III
8401:628–641 CE
8357:618–628 CE
8319:395–618 CE
8285:273–395 CE
8273:Vaballathus
8263:270–273 CE
8227:Hormizd III
8212:Yazdegerd I
8203:Ardashir II
8197:Adur Narseh
8151:224–270 CE
8139:Vologases V
8113:117–224 CE
8094:116–117 CE
8041:Vardanes II
8038:Vologases I
8029:Gotarzes II
7999:Phraates IV
7969:Hyspaosines
7908:Hyrcanus II
7883:141–30 BCE
7862:Demetrius I
7859:Antiochus V
7853:Seleucus IV
7844:Seleucus II
7838:Antiochus I
7825:Antigonus I
7777:Ptolemy XIV
7765:Cleopatra V
7547:Neriglissar
7544:Amel-Marduk
7527:Psamtik III
7498:Late Period
7437:Sennacherib
7428:Shalmaneser
7355:Tammaritu I
7252:Shammuramat
7195:Takelot III
7192:Osorkon III
7189:Shoshenq VI
7164:Pedubast II
7154:Shoshenq IV
7142:Shoshenq II
6991:Ashur-dan I
6932:Ish-bosheth
6885:Psusennes I
6861:Ramesses XI
6855:Ramesses IX
6846:Ramesses VI
6840:Ramesses IV
6785:Ramesses II
6748:Tutankhamun
6731:Thutmose IV
6715:Thutmose II
6649:Kudur-Enlil
6634:Nazi-Bugash
6622:Kurigalzu I
6610:Ulamburiash
6581:Amenhotep I
6562:Tutankhamun
6548:Parshatatar
6545:Shuttarna I
6478:Seventeenth
6407:Ilum-ma-ili
6382:Ammi-saduqa
6379:Ammi-ditana
6373:Samsu-iluna
6280:Erishum III
6241:Adad-salulu
6238:Ipqi-Ishtar
6226:Ashur-dugul
6211:Adad-salulu
6208:Ipqi-Ishtar
6196:Ashur-dugul
6165:Old Assyria
6160:(Amorites)
6103:Sobekneferu
6091:Senusret II
6082:Amenemhat I
6054:Sîn-iribam
6031:Sin-Iqisham
6025:Sin-Iddinam
5975:Erra-imitti
5972:Lipit-Enlil
5960:Ishme-Dagan
5957:Iddin-Dagan
5893:Shalim-ahum
5884:Old Assyria
5870:Yasmah-Adad
5847:Lim Dynasty
5839:Hanun-Dagan
5835:Hitial-Erra
5600:Ur-Ningirsu
5556:Kuda (Uruk)
5529:Ishgum-Addu
5519:Ishtup-Ilum
5371:Ishma-Dagan
5356:Shakkanakku
5334:Neferirkare
5331:Neferkauhor
5234:Ili-ishmani
5213:Manishtushu
5176:Lugalzagesi
5172:III dynasty
5156:Puzur-Nirah
4871:Ishar-Malik
4850:Shepseskare
4640:Mesannepada
4565:Nin-kisalsi
4553:Lugal-kitun
4523:Meskalamdug
4509:Ur-Pabilsag
4322:Aga of Kish
4231:Barsal-nuna
4116:Khasekhemwy
4102:Neferkara I
4081:Weneg-Nebty
4059:Nebra/Raneb
3871:Lower Egypt
3857:Scorpion II
3802:Upper Egypt
3754:, 4000 BCE)
3737:Uruk period
3514:Vologases V
3465:Vologases I
3451:Gotarzes II
3409:Phraates IV
3340:Artabanus I
3333:Hyspaosines
3321:Phraates II
3300:Phraates II
2961:Cambyses II
2885:Neriglissar
2880:Amel-Marduk
2781:Sennacherib
2738:Sennacherib
2389:Meli-Shipak
2354:Kudur-Enlil
2329:Nazi-Bugash
2309:Kurigalzu I
2281:Ulamburiash
2268:Shipta'ulzi
2243:Abi-Rattash
2132:Ilum-ma-ili
2109:Ammi-Saduqa
2104:Ammi-Ditana
2094:Samsu-iluna
2020:vassal king
1299:MS 2200/81.
1186:King List B
1184:Babylonian
1170:King List A
1168:Babylonian
1070:Ulam-Buriaš
966:Ammi-ditana
960:Damqi-ilišu
950:Samsu-iluna
925:Ilum-ma-ilī
906:king list A
896:Erishum III
774:of Babylon
668:Samsu-iluna
661:Ilum-ma-ilī
644:King List B
641:King List A
549:Damiq-ilišu
514:Mesopotamia
355:Hellenistic
8707:Categories
8436:Khosrow IV
8433:Hormizd VI
8415:Shahrbaraz
8392:Khosrow II
8377:Shahrbaraz
8371:Shahrbaraz
8251:Khosrow II
8248:Hormizd IV
8206:Shapur III
8194:Hormizd II
8188:Bahram III
8173:Ardashir I
8044:Pacorus II
8035:Vonones II
8032:Meherdates
8026:Vardanes I
8011:Orodes III
8008:Phraates V
7987:Sinatruces
7835:Seleucus I
7812:Philip III
7786:Arsinoe IV
7711:Arsinoe II
7652:Darius III
7518:Psamtik II
7458:Esarhaddon
7351:Ummanigash
7321:Nabonassar
7215:Bakenranef
7186:Pedubast I
7183:Takelot II
7180:Harsiese A
7168:Osorkon IV
7160:Shoshenq V
7148:Osorkon II
7136:Shoshenq I
6882:Amenemnisu
6858:Ramesses X
6843:Ramesses V
6791:Amenmesses
6779:Ramesses I
6741:Smenkhkare
6718:Hatshepsut
6712:Thutmose I
6616:Karaindash
6355:Sumu-la-El
6187:Mut-Ashkur
6178:(Amorites)
6085:Senusret I
6044:Rim-Sin II
6034:Silli-Adad
6028:Sin-Eribam
5990:Suen-magir
5987:Ur-du-kuga
5984:Iter-pisha
5978:Enlil-bani
5966:Ur-Ninurta
5954:Shu-Ilishu
5951:Ishbi-Erra
5921:Erishum II
5867:Yahdun-Lim
5864:Yaggid-Lim
5677:Tura-Dagan
5656:Utu-hengal
5632:Meryhathor
5608:Nam-mahani
5574:II dynasty
5543:(21 kings)
5437:Puzer-Mama
5433:II dynasty
5415:IV dynasty
5328:Neferkaure
5325:Qakare Ibi
5316:Neferkahor
5307:Neferkamin
5226:Ilshu-rabi
5117:Ishqi-Mari
5113:Ikun-Ishar
5109:Enna-Dagan
5029:II dynasty
5003:Bara-irnun
4958:Puzur-Suen
4954:IV dynasty
4946:Irkab-Damu
4891:(3 kings)
4817:Ukkutahesh
4790:Meskiagnun
4786:A'annepada
4733:II dynasty
4628:Thamphthis
4624:Shepseskaf
4573:Lugal-dalu
4472:Udulkalama
4452:II dynasty
4394:Sekhemkhet
4302:Lugalbanda
4228:Melem-Kish
4224:En-me-nuna
4009:Canaanites
4003:Horus Bird
3968:Neithhotep
3841:Scorpion I
3791:Naqada III
3472:Pacorus II
3458:Vonones II
3444:Vardanes I
3423:Orodes III
3416:Phraates V
3391:Piriustana
3378:Sinatruces
3360:Asi'abatar
3354:Gotarzes I
3064:Darius III
2788:Esarhaddon
2653:Nabonassar
2299:Karaindash
2069:Sumu-la-El
1558:2017-09-02
1342:References
1156:MS 2200/3.
1085:serpentine
1035:Sarpanitum
898:(Assyria)
878:(Assyria)
858:(Assyria)
838:(Assyria)
818:(Assyria)
798:(Assyria)
770:(Assyria)
750:(Assyria)
730:(Assyria)
710:(Assyria)
674:(Babylon)
475:), or the
427:See also:
8548:Hallo, W.
8445:Peroz III
8279:Antiochus
8245:Khosrow I
8215:Shapur IV
8209:Bahram IV
8200:Shapur II
8185:Bahram II
8179:Hormizd I
8136:Osroes II
8014:Vonones I
7996:Orodes II
7972:Artabanus
7640:Darius II
7567:Phraortes
7553:Nabonidus
7524:Ahmose II
7512:Psamtik I
7405:Tanutamun
7254:(regent)
7145:Takelot I
7139:Osorkon I
6904:Phoenicia
6888:Amenemope
6834:Setnakhte
6788:Merneptah
6737:Akhenaten
6520:Sakir-Har
6458:Sixteenth
6437:Akurduana
6423:Gulkishar
6420:Shushushi
6376:Abi-eshuh
6370:Hammurabi
6352:Sumu-abum
6274:Shu-Ninua
6265:Iptar-Sin
6235:Sin-namir
6232:Nasir-Sin
6223:Puzur-Sin
6205:Sin-namir
6202:Nasir-Sin
6056:Sîn-gāmil
6052:Sîn-kāšid
6040:Rim-Sin I
6037:Warad-Sin
5917:Naram-Sin
5901:Erishum I
5897:Ilu-shuma
5873:Zimri-Lim
5821:Indilimma
5808:Ibbit-Lim
5778:Intef III
5741:invasions
5728:invasions
5673:Ili-Ishar
5669:Iddi-ilum
5662:2100 BCE
5652:V dynasty
5622:2125 BCE
5560:Puzur-ili
5547:La-erabum
5481:2150 BCE
5407:Shu-turul
5400:(3 years)
5367:Shu-Dagan
5267:2200 BCE
5244:Naram-Sin
5240:2250 BCE
5184:2340 BCE
5150:2350 BCE
5144:Luh-ishan
5139:Urukagina
5135:Lugalanda
5104:Isar-Damu
5100:2370 BCE
5046:2380 BCE
5021:Enentarzi
5009:Enannatum
4998:Gishakidu
4962:Ur-Zababa
4938:Adub-Damu
4934:2400 BCE
4907:2425 BCE
4901:Napilhush
4889:invasions
4867:Enar-Damu
4847:Neferefre
4827:2450 BCE
4770:Ur-Nanshe
4765:I dynasty
4752:I dynasty
4693:Ikun-Mari
4652:Phoenicia
4648:2500 BCE
4581:2575 BCE
4549:Melamanna
4533:Akalamdug
4505:A-Imdugud
4468:Ur-Nungal
4455:(5 kings)
4442:Baba-Damu
4438:Ibbi-Damu
4367:2600 BCE
4337:Gilgamesh
4295:Iltasadum
4266:2700 BCE
4240:I dynasty
4193:2800 BCE
4156:I dynasty
4112:Hudjefa I
4045:2900 BCE
3991:Semerkhet
3983:(regent)
3970:(regent)
3877:Hedju Hor
3705:Naqada II
3430:Vonones I
3402:Orodes II
3396:Teleuniqe
3372:Ispubarza
3233:Timarchus
3212:Antiochus
3191:Antiochus
3057:Nidin-Bel
3030:Darius II
3023:Sogdianus
3016:Xerxes II
2895:Nabonidus
2818:Kandalanu
2731:Sargon II
2178:Akurduana
2160:Gulkishar
2155:Shushushi
2099:Abi-Eshuh
2089:Hammurabi
2064:Sumu-abum
1859:224831525
1627:163967718
1515:0081-9271
1509:: 15–46.
1078:Babylonia
942:Abi-eshuh
856:Shu-Ninua
849:Akurduana
728:Belu-bāni
532:" in the
526:mat Kaldi
522:Euphrates
187:1025–1005
171:1157–1026
138:1594–1155
105:1732–1475
89:1894–1595
47:dynasties
8664:(2014).
8617:(1992).
8587:(2020).
8554:(1971).
8395:Kavad II
8221:Bahram V
8182:Bahram I
8176:Shapur I
8053:Osroes I
7984:Orodes I
7978:Gotarzes
7966:Phraates
7631:Darius I
7628:Cambyses
7576:Astyages
7573:Cyaxares
7515:Necho II
7446:Bel-ibni
7396:Shebitku
7359:Indabibi
7212:Tefnakht
6754:Horemheb
6613:Agum III
6595:Kassites
6578:Ahmose I
6443:Ea-gamil
6427:DIŠ+U-EN
6417:Ishkibal
6364:Apil-Sin
6346:Amorites
6256:Bel-bani
6131:Biblical
6022:Nur-Adad
6013:Gungunum
6001:Naplanum
5969:Bur-Suen
5933:Amorites
5909:Sargon I
5859:Amorites
5803:Amorites
5775:Intef II
5745:Kindattu
5733:Ibbi-Sin
5712:Amar-Sin
5706:Ur-Nammu
5641:Merykare
5533:Apil-kin
5445:Pirig-me
5423:Ur-gigir
5419:Ur-nigin
5359:dynasty)
5304:Merenhor
5230:Epirmupi
5059:Userkare
5013:Entemena
4990:Ur-Lumma
4985:Meskigal
4916:Eannatum
4911:Kun-Damu
4895:Shushun-
4880:Enakalle
4739:kushanna
4725:Undalulu
4697:Iblul-Il
4621:Menkaure
4617:Bikheris
4610:Djedefre
4569:Me-durba
4494:shaengur
4488:En-hegal
4476:Labashum
4434:Agur-lim
4430:Abur-lim
4409:Qahedjet
4254:Enmerkar
4086:Wadjenes
4076:Horus Sa
4071:Nubnefer
4062:Nynetjer
4036:Susa III
3998:Sneferka
3981:Merneith
3699:Naqada I
3557:Category
3486:Osroes I
3366:Orodes I
3157:Seleucus
2992:Xerxes I
2980:Darius I
2954:Cyrus II
2755:Bel-ibni
2291:Agum III
2188:Ea-gamil
2164:DIŠ+U-EN
2150:Ishkibal
2079:Apil-Sin
1448:(2009).
1100:See also
1056:Ea-gâmil
1026:Amorites
1022:Kassites
1018:Elamites
976:Gulkišar
914:DIŠ-U-EN
852:26 years
832:28 years
826:A-a-dàra
812:50 years
785:DIŠ-U-EN
764:55 years
761:Gulkišar
744:24 years
724:15 years
704:36 years
688:56 years
672:Abi-ešuh
664:60 years
638:Position
541:Sumerian
534:Iron Age
530:Chaldaea
500:Assyrian
398:Parthian
270:Sargonid
268:and the
203:1004–985
36:Kassites
8728:Chaldea
8448:Narsieh
8276:Zenobia
8257:Vistahm
8242:Kavad I
8236:Kavad I
8230:Peroz I
8218:Khosrow
7564:Deioces
7521:Wahibre
7509:Necho I
7402:Taharqa
7399:Shabaka
7383:Taharqa
7347:Teumman
7198:Rudamun
6940:Solomon
6879:Smendes
6800:Twosret
6794:Seti II
6535:Mitanni
6529:Khamudi
6483:Dynasty
6473:Dynasty
6463:Dynasty
6301:Nur-ili
6271:Lullaya
6174:dynasty
6126:Abraham
6016:Abisare
5981:Zambiya
5875:(Queen
5827:Amorite
5798:Kingdom
5772:Intef I
5739:Elamite
5726:Amorite
5715:Shu-Sin
5616:Tirigan
5585:Ur-Baba
5515:Nûr-Mêr
5453:Lu-gula
5449:Lu-Baba
5363:Ididish
5344:Kingdom
5341:Eblaite
5339:Second
5289:Menkare
5164:Shu-Sin
5160:Ishu-Il
5088:dynasty
5068:Pepi II
5001:(Queen
4887:Elamite
4838:Userkaf
4781:Akurgal
4710:Ku-Baba
4526:(Queen
4462:Mesilim
4397:Sanakht
4387:(First
4204:Zuqaqip
4201:Kalumum
4186:Kalibum
4182:Puannum
4139:Kingdom
3988:Anedjib
3972:Hor-Aha
3917:Nat-Hor
3850:Iry-Hor
3846:Shendjw
3818:Pen-Abu
3766:Susa II
2968:Bardiya
2258:Agum II
2225:Gandash
2026:female)
2001:Dynasty
1851:1359531
1640:Gruyter
1619:1359442
1490:Text -
1089:diorite
1066:Kassite
946:Amorite
892:9 years
872:7 years
866:Melamma
836:Lullaya
806:Peš-gal
794:LIK.KUD
721:Iškibal
698:Damqili
586:Ešnunna
567:History
557:Babylon
484:Amorite
479:Babylon
384:311–141
371:331–309
341:539–331
325:Persian
311:626–539
281:732–626
272:dynasty
266:dynasty
264:Adaside
235:978–732
219:984–979
119:Kassite
51:Babylon
8674:
8627:
8597:
8239:Jamasp
8233:Balash
8191:Narseh
8102:Trajan
8100:under
7634:Xerxes
7570:Madyes
7434:Sargon
6894:Siamun
6797:Siptah
6782:Seti I
6766:Ugarit
6511:Semqen
6496:Hyksos
6468:Abydos
6361:Sabium
6268:Bazaya
6259:Libaya
6193:Asinum
6190:Rimush
6150:Yamhad
6042:(...)
6019:Sumuel
6010:Zabaia
6007:Samium
6004:Emisum
5905:Ikunum
5877:Shibtu
5818:Immeya
5709:Shulgi
5604:Ur-gar
5564:Ur-Utu
5431:Lagash
5310:Nikare
5222:Eshpum
5210:Rimush
5062:Pepi I
4897:tarana
4841:Sahure
4821:Hishur
4798:Balulu
4763:Lagash
4744:Mug-si
4737:Ensha-
4685:Sa'umu
4613:Khafre
4597:Snefru
4545:Mes-he
4492:Lugal-
4483:Lagash
4426:Sagisu
4378:Djoser
4287:Tizqar
4258:Aratta
4214:Arwium
4211:Mashda
4161:Jushur
4091:Senedj
4030:period
3962:Narmer
3912:Wazner
3887:Hsekiu
3882:Ny-Hor
3861:Narmer
3831:Canide
3822:Animal
3728:Susa I
3678:Lagash
3652:Akshak
3627:Canaan
3327:Ubulna
2230:Agum I
2074:Sabium
1992:Period
1863:n. 182
1857:
1849:
1732:
1625:
1617:
1575:
1534:
1513:
1397:28–57.
1371:
1068:chief
1046:MAN ŠÚ
1031:Marduk
954:Tigris
944:, the
938:Nippur
920:Rulers
889:Ea-gam
846:Ekurul
816:Bazaia
796:-Šamaš
758:Gulki…
748:Lubaia
682:Ittili
621:Lagash
590:Nippur
582:Dilmun
518:Tigris
473:URU.KÙ
8439:Boran
8421:Boran
8308:Syria
8088:Syria
8083:Judea
7625:Cyrus
7343:Urtak
6936:David
6542:Kirta
6526:Apepi
6523:Khyan
6244:Adasi
6214:Adasi
5842:(...)
5589:Gudea
5551:Si'um
5500:Setut
5471:Khita
5457:Ka-ku
5398:Ilulu
5394:Nanum
5386:Igigi
5130:Ukush
5032:Nanni
4794:Elulu
4681:Ansud
4600:Khufu
4528:Puabi
4405:Khaba
4401:Nebka
4283:Zamug
4221:Balih
4217:Etana
4178:Babum
3965:Menes
3907:Neheb
3902:Thesh
3892:Khayu
3865:Menes
3826:Stork
3657:Akkad
3647:Assur
3622:Egypt
3617:dates
3307:Rinnu
1855:S2CID
1847:JSTOR
1623:S2CID
1615:JSTOR
1306:Notes
741:Šušši
708:Adasi
658:Ilima
8672:ISBN
8648:Per
8625:ISBN
8595:ISBN
8005:Musa
7695:and
7393:Piye
7157:Pami
6928:Saul
5853:Mari
5650:Uruk
5572:Umma
5467:Helu
5413:Uruk
5403:Dudu
5170:Uruk
5123:Mari
5086:Adab
5056:Teti
4967:Urur
4952:Kish
4862:Unas
4813:Tata
4809:Peli
4750:Umma
4731:Uruk
4721:Unzi
4701:Nizi
4560:Adab
4458:Uhub
4450:Kish
4413:Huni
4291:Ilku
4238:Uruk
4207:Atab
4154:Kish
3994:Qa'a
3978:Djet
3975:Djer
3930:Wash
3922:Mekh
3836:Bull
3813:Fish
3688:Elam
3672:Umma
3667:Adab
3662:Uruk
3642:Kish
3637:Mari
3632:Ebla
3135:XIII
2575:VIII
1903:2013
1730:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1511:ISSN
1481:2018
1417:2014
1407:2002
1369:ISBN
1062:Elam
1033:and
1020:and
1011:DUMU
886:Eaga
718:Iški
670:and
578:Elam
520:and
494:and
467:The
381:XIII
229:VIII
5851:of
5390:Imi
4876:Ush
3985:Den
3897:Tiu
3284:XIV
3094:XII
3059:(?)
2557:VII
2217:III
1839:doi
1726:183
1607:doi
1365:414
1087:or
970:Der
411:XIV
368:XII
213:VII
132:III
49:of
8709::
8639:^
8550:;
8462:,
8339:,
7833::
7823::
7807::
7595:)
7390:")
7386:("
7045:")
6751:Ay
6498:")
6494:("
6403:")
6399:("
5999::
5949::
5879:)
5751:)
5396:,
5392:,
5388:,
5027:Ur
5005:)
4994:Il
4500:Ur
4289:,
4285:,
4260:")
4184:,
4180:,
4163:,
4066:Ba
3863:/
3853:Ka
3683:Ur
2945:XI
2695:IX
2529:VI
2433:IV
2124:II
1853:.
1845:.
1833:.
1759:^
1728:.
1621:.
1613:.
1603:26
1601:.
1550:.
1507:65
1505:.
1501:.
1433:^
1367:.
1208:^
1193:^
1177:^
1161:^
1096:.
1083:A
1044:,
883:11
863:10
779:6a
615:.
613:Ur
609:Ur
598:Ur
338:XI
278:IX
233:c.
217:c.
201:c.
197:VI
185:c.
169:c.
165:IV
136:c.
103:c.
99:II
87:c.
60:BC
8680:.
8633:.
8603:.
8364:)
8360:(
8075:)
8071:(
7591:(
7421:)
7417:(
6597:)
6348:)
6344:(
6248:(
6170:(
6158:)
6154:(
6133:)
6129:(
5935:)
5931:(
5861:)
5857:(
5832:)
5825:(
5805:)
5801:(
5747:(
5354:(
4530:)
4391:)
4171:,
4038:)
4034:(
3793:)
3789:(
3750:(
3654:/
3644:/
3589:e
3582:t
3575:v
2862:X
2501:V
2056:I
2011:(
1954:e
1947:t
1940:v
1861:.
1841::
1835:8
1819:.
1738:.
1629:.
1609::
1561:.
1517:.
843:9
823:8
803:7
789:?
755:6
735:5
715:4
695:3
679:2
655:1
528:"
496:B
471:(
456:e
449:t
442:v
308:X
274:)
181:V
83:I
20:)
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