271:
144:
281:
651:
254:. They are the largest family of sharks with around 160 species placed in 17 genera. Although they are generally known as catsharks, some species can also be called dogfish due to previous naming. However, a dogfish may generally be distinguished from a catshark as catsharks lay eggs while dogfish have live young. Like most bottom feeders, catsharks feed on benthic invertebrates and smaller fish. They are not harmful to humans. The family is
120:
670:
with curly tendrils at each end, known as "mermaid's purses", for protection, onto the seabed. Almost a year is needed for a catshark to hatch from the egg. Instead of laying the eggs and letting them sit for a year, some species of catsharks hold onto the eggs until a few months before the shark
623:
The red-spotted catshark lives in the shallower rocky waters ranging from Peru to Chile and migrates to deeper waters during the winter. They are usually restricted to small ranges. Juvenile and adult chain dogfish live on the soft or rocky bottom of the
Atlantic from Massachusetts to Nicaragua.
592:
dentition expression is first found as a bilateral symmetrical pattern and is found in certain areas of the embryonic jaw. Sonic hedgehog (a secreted protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SHH gene) is involved in the growth and patterning of different organs. Every 18β38 days the teeth are
641:
and exhibit habitat segregation, where males and females live in separate areas; males tend to live in open seabeds, while females tend to live in caves. Some species of catsharks may deposit egg cases in structured habitats, which may also act as nurseries for the newly hatched sharks.
632:
Some catsharks do not undergo long distance migrations because they are poor swimmers. Due to being nocturnal, some species sleep close together in crevices throughout the day and then go hunting at night. Some species such as the small spotted catshark,
675:, aplacental viviparous, by holding onto the embryos until they are completely developed and then give live birth. Some species of catsharks mate by biting and holding the femaleβs pectoral fins and wrestle her into a mating position.
1064:
Gomes, U. L.; Signori, C. N.; Gadig, O. B. (2006). "Report on the smallfin catshark
Apristurus parvipinnis Springer & Heemstra (Chondrichthyes, Scyliorhinidae) in Western South Atlantic with notes on its taxonomy".
1234:
565:
Catsharks may be distinguished by their elongated, cat-like eyes and two small dorsal fins set far back. Most species are fairly small, growing no longer than 80 cm (31 in); a few, such as the
619:
Catsharks are found around seabeds in temperate and tropical seas worldwide, ranging from very shallow intertidal waters to depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or more, such as the members of genus
1080:
Farina, Jose M.; Ojeda, F. Patricio (May 3, 1993). "Abundance, Activity, and
Trophic Patterns of the Redspotted Catshark, Schroederichthys chilensis, on the Pacific Temperate Coast of Chile".
909:
Dassule, Helene; Lewis, Paula; Bei, Marianna; Maas, Richard; McMahon, Andrew P. (October 24, 2000). "Sonic
Hedgehog regulates growth and morphogenesis of the tooth".
299:
3163:
3019:
1005:
Sparks, John S.; Schelly, Robert C.; Smith, W. Leo; Davis, Matthew P.; Tchernov, Dan; Pieribone, Vincent A.; Gruber, David F. (January 8, 2014).
3058:
270:
976:
574:) can reach 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in length. Most of the species have a patterned appearance, ranging from stripes to patches to spots.
581:
are mostly dark bodies, and having a long anal fin that ends in front of where the lower caudal fin begins. The snouts of the species of
797:"Comparative anatomy of the clasper of catsharks and its phylogenetic implications (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)"
600:
have the curious ability to fill their stomachs with water or air when threatened, increasing their girth by a factor of one to three.
2993:
1261:
862:"Reiterative pattern of sonic hedgehog expression in the catshark dentition reveals a phylogenetic template for jawed vertebrates"
3032:
1186:
Castro, J. I.; Bubucis, P. M.; Overstrom, N. A. (1988). "The
Reproductive Biology of the Chain Dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer".
1118:
Able, K.W.; Flescher, D. (1991). "Distribution and
Habitat of Chain Dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer, in the Mid-Atlantic Bight".
3037:
3168:
1153:
Wearmouth, V. J.; Southall, E. J.; Morritt, D.; Thompson, R. C.; Cuthill, I. C.; Partridge, J. C.; Sims, D. W. (2012).
512:
769:
3130:
1948:
1792:
3063:
1007:"The Covert World of Fish Biofluorescence: A Phylogenetically Widespread and Phenotypically Variable Phenomenon"
2299:
1912:
17:
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416:
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143:
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2131:
1497:
667:
393:
2919:
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2200:
2182:
2002:
1654:
624:
Adults tend to live on the soft, sandy bottoms possibly due to their need of egg deposition sites.
489:
31:
3158:
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1750:
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1247:
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589:
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230:
3094:
3024:
2806:
2779:
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2332:
1966:
1663:
1612:
1549:
1515:
1418:
952:
327:
127:
3122:
3086:
294:
The family includes 17 genera and over 150 species, making it the largest family of sharks.
2980:
2928:
2074:
1921:
1843:
1732:
1594:
1479:
1018:
472:
389:
1224:
8:
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2029:
2011:
1957:
1903:
1834:
1690:
1603:
1409:
1384:
1350:
1343:
1155:"Year-round sexual harassment as a behavioral mediator of vertebrate population dynamics"
796:
1022:
2933:
2815:
2566:
2512:
2479:
2401:
2164:
2056:
1993:
1975:
1645:
1567:
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1391:
1334:
1203:
1135:
1097:
1041:
1006:
886:
861:
138:
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3081:
2967:
2797:
2725:
2584:
2539:
2323:
2254:
2155:
2098:
2020:
1861:
1576:
1533:
1506:
1470:
1461:
1443:
1434:
1314:
1046:
934:
926:
891:
824:
816:
350:
244:
215:
2701:
2656:
2641:
2575:
2272:
1852:
1816:
1672:
1452:
1400:
1375:
1195:
1166:
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1026:
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808:
497:
363:
248:
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1894:
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1031:
608:
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467:
371:
3050:
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2410:
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2236:
2191:
2113:
1825:
1774:
1759:
1488:
1366:
1357:
1302:
1296:
1271:
860:
Smith, M. M.; Frase, G. J; Chaplin, N.; Hobbs, C.; Graham, A. (April 7, 2009).
696:
659:
604:
593:
replaced as is a common characteristic of the developmental process of sharks.
447:
437:
401:
345:
195:
185:
695:, because it rarely grows to more than 60 cm (24 in) in length. The
3152:
2488:
2461:
2428:
2038:
1723:
1714:
1699:
1585:
930:
820:
719:
672:
638:
429:
376:
335:
314:
77:
922:
2904:
2842:
2734:
2716:
2632:
1879:
1050:
938:
895:
877:
828:
507:
259:
255:
1239:
3006:
2913:
2470:
1807:
358:
52:
280:
2833:
2599:
2503:
2314:
2089:
2065:
1325:
1207:
1139:
1101:
812:
650:
567:
457:
424:
384:
309:
97:
62:
1171:
1154:
3011:
2623:
1627:
484:
322:
155:
102:
2998:
2875:
1199:
1131:
1093:
2898:
1290:
728:
692:
175:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
107:
82:
1152:
119:
2146:
1284:
411:
165:
3107:
2985:
1308:
205:
699:, however, is the most common scyliorhinid in home aquaria.
585:
are flat. They also present upper and lower labial furrows.
258:, containing several distinct lineages that do not form a
663:
1004:
866:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1185:
859:
908:
747:
845:Michael, Scott W. (March 2004). "Sharks at Home".
748:Compagno, L. J.; Dando, M.; Fowler, S. L. (2005).
1063:
953:"Scientists Discover 180 Species of Glowing Fish"
840:
838:
3150:
917:(22). The Company of Biologists Ltd: 4775β4785.
835:
1255:
1230:Animal Diversity Web entry for Scyliorhinidae
30:For additional species called "dogfish", see
1117:
1269:
1079:
1262:
1248:
1235:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive - Scyliorhinidae
752:. Princeton University Press. p. 186.
118:
1170:
1040:
1030:
885:
794:
560:
763:
761:
759:
649:
279:
269:
844:
718:
14:
3164:Extant Late Jurassic first appearances
3151:
2880:
2879:
1243:
1113:
1111:
756:
3113:735C87F1-8A4E-FFB6-9BF6-FE775B0A888E
3074:00fc9881-7d57-4628-a072-fdeffebce2c2
767:
743:
741:
739:
714:
712:
658:Many species of catsharks, like the
24:
1949:Australian reticulate swellshark (
1793:Australian blackspotted catshark (
1108:
998:
25:
3180:
1225:FishBase entry for Scyliorhinidae
1218:
969:
945:
795:A. Soares, Karla D. (June 2020).
736:
709:
304:White, Fahmi & Weigmann, 2019
1913:Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (
977:"Sharks Light Up in Neon Colors"
671:hatches. Some catsharks exhibit
596:The "swell sharks" of the genus
142:
50:
1179:
1146:
1073:
1057:
645:
614:
2351:Indonesian speckled catshark (
902:
853:
788:
654:Catshark egg (mermaids' purse)
13:
1:
2300:Springer's sawtail catshark (
2123:Australian sawtail catshark (
1742:Australian marbled catshark (
1637:Australian spotted catshark (
702:
691:, is a favored type for home
1985:Leopard-spotted swellshark (
1032:10.1371/journal.pone.0083259
981:video.nationalgeographic.com
627:
603:Some catsharks, such as the
520:
7:
3169:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
2282:Blacktip sawtail catshark (
2246:Broadfin sawtail catshark (
2228:Southern sawtail catshark (
2210:Longnose sawtail catshark (
2174:Atlantic sawtail catshark (
2132:Northern sawtail catshark (
1498:Black roughscale catshark (
685:Australian marbled catshark
10:
3185:
2264:African sawtail catshark (
2201:Slender sawtail catshark (
2183:Longfin sawtail catshark (
2003:Sarawak pygmy swellshark (
1655:Western spotted catshark (
678:
29:
2888:
2714:
2654:
2621:
2597:
2501:
2441:
2390:
2312:
2144:
2111:
2087:
1892:
1805:
1772:
1751:Eastern banded catshark (
1712:
1682:Orange spotted catshark (
1625:
1323:
1279:
577:Characteristics of genus
265:
139:Scientific classification
137:
126:
117:
41:
2789:Cinder cloudy catshark (
2753:Yellowspotted catshark (
2744:Small-spotted catshark (
2666:Narrowmouthed catshark (
2522:White-clasper catshark (
2291:Dwarf sawtail catshark (
1931:Reticulated swellshark (
1784:New Caledonia catshark (
722:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
662:, are oviparous and lay
48:Upper Jurassic β Present
32:Dogfish (disambiguation)
2807:Whitesaddled catshark (
2780:Brownspotted catshark (
2762:West African catshark (
2333:Blackspotted catshark (
1967:Australian swellshark (
1664:Pale spotted catshark (
1613:Panama ghost catshark (
1550:Spatulasnout catshark (
1516:Smalldorsal cat shark (
923:10.1242/dev.127.22.4775
732:. January 2009 version.
724:"Family Scyliorhinidae"
2075:Narrowbar swellshark (
1844:New Zealand catshark (
1733:Banded sand catshark (
1595:South China catshark (
1480:Broadmouth cat shark (
878:10.1098/rspb.2008.1526
847:Aquarium Fish Magazine
689:Atelomycterus macleayi
655:
572:Scyliorhinus stellaris
561:Anatomy and appearance
291:
285:Small-spotted catshark
277:
275:Small-spotted catshark
132:Scyliorhinus hesperius
3095:Paleobiology Database
2684:Narrowtail catshark (
2675:Redspotted catshark (
2558:McMillan's catshark (
2219:Blackmouth catshark (
2048:Blotchy swell shark (
2030:Speckled swellshark (
2012:Flagtail swellshark (
1958:Draughtsboard shark (
1904:Whitefin swellshark (
1835:Broadhead cat shark (
1691:Variegated catshark (
1604:Spongehead catshark (
1410:Smallbelly catshark (
1159:Ecological Monographs
801:Journal of Morphology
653:
635:Scyliorhinus canicula
289:Scyliorhinus canicula
283:
273:
128:Whitesaddled catshark
2567:Blackgill catshark (
2513:White-tip catshark (
2480:White-spotted Izak (
2402:Puffadder shyshark (
2165:Roughtail catshark (
2057:Saddled swellshark (
1994:Painted swellshark (
1976:Spotted swellshark (
1940:Formosa swellshark (
1568:Broadgill catshark (
1559:Deepwater catshark (
1525:Largenose catshark (
1426:Broadnose catshark (
1392:Humpback cat shark (
1335:Flatnose cat shark (
639:sexually monomorphic
2816:Blotched catshark (
2798:Freckled catshark (
2726:Polkadot catshark (
2585:Filetail catshark (
2540:Campeche catshark (
2324:Speckled catshark (
2255:Peppered catshark (
2156:Antilles catshark (
2099:Lollipop catshark (
2021:Indian swellshark (
1922:Cook's swellshark (
1862:Spotless catshark (
1646:Blotched catshark (
1577:Saldanha catshark (
1534:Smallfin catshark (
1507:Smalleye catshark (
1471:Flathead catshark (
1462:Longhead catshark (
1444:Longnose catshark (
1435:Japanese catshark (
1023:2014PLoSO...983259S
872:(1660): 1225β1233.
770:"What's in a name?"
750:Sharks of the world
2702:Slender catshark (
2642:Leopard catshark (
2576:Salamander shark (
2273:Phallic catshark (
1853:Bristly catshark (
1817:Arabian catshark (
1453:Iceland catshark (
1401:Longfin catshark (
1376:Flaccid catshark (
813:10.1002/jmor.21123
768:Torrance, Jeremy.
656:
554:Schroedericthyinae
292:
278:
3146:
3145:
3082:Open Tree of Life
2882:Taxon identifiers
2873:
2872:
2852:Cloudy catshark (
2771:Comoro catshark (
2693:Lizard catshark (
2609:Onefin catshark (
2569:P. melanobranchus
2549:Velvet catshark (
2515:P. albimarginatus
2369:Quagga catshark (
1871:Sombre catshark (
1518:A. micropterygeus
1428:A. investigatoris
1315:Carcharhiniformes
1172:10.1890/11-2052.1
987:on March 13, 2014
849:. pp. 20β29.
551:Atelomycterininae
516:
503:
493:
480:
463:
453:
443:
433:
420:
407:
397:
380:
367:
354:
341:
331:
318:
305:
238:
237:
234:
216:Carcharhiniformes
16:(Redirected from
3176:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3051:NHMSYS0021053488
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2877:
2876:
2861:Dwarf catshark (
2825:Chain catshark (
2657:Schroederichthys
2611:P. profundicolus
2542:P. campechiensis
2531:Beige catshark (
2453:Honeycomb Izak (
2420:Natal shyshark (
2411:Brown shyshark (
2378:Rusty catshark (
2360:Tiger catshark (
2342:Lined catshark (
2237:Mouse catshark (
2192:Gecko catshark (
1915:C. circulopullum
1826:Dusky catshark (
1760:Coral catshark (
1673:Dwarf catshark (
1552:A. platyrhynchus
1489:Ghost catshark (
1473:A. macrorhynchus
1464:A. longicephalus
1367:Hoary catshark (
1358:Brown catshark (
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1212:
1211:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
983:. Archived from
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
949:
943:
942:
906:
900:
899:
889:
857:
851:
850:
842:
833:
832:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
765:
754:
753:
745:
734:
733:
716:
511:
501:
498:Schroederichthys
488:
471:
461:
451:
441:
428:
415:
405:
388:
375:
362:
349:
339:
326:
313:
303:
229:
147:
146:
122:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
27:Family of fishes
21:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2884:
2874:
2869:
2791:S. hachijoensis
2710:
2695:S. saurisqualus
2650:
2617:
2593:
2497:
2489:Izak catshark (
2473:H. melanostigma
2462:Grinning Izak (
2437:
2429:Dark shyshark (
2386:
2308:
2212:G. longirostris
2140:
2107:
2083:
2039:Balloon shark (
2005:C. sarawakensis
1895:Cephaloscyllium
1888:
1801:
1768:
1724:Bali catshark (
1708:
1700:Gulf catshark (
1693:A. submaculatus
1621:
1586:Pale catshark (
1319:
1275:
1268:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1200:10.2307/1445396
1184:
1180:
1151:
1147:
1132:10.2307/1446270
1116:
1109:
1094:10.2307/1447159
1078:
1074:
1062:
1058:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
975:
974:
970:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
907:
903:
858:
854:
843:
836:
793:
789:
779:
777:
766:
757:
746:
737:
717:
710:
705:
681:
648:
630:
617:
598:Cephaloscyllium
563:
526:Scyliorhinidae
523:
372:Cephaloscyllium
268:
228:
141:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Scyliorhinidae
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3127:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3068:
3055:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2947:Scyliorhinidae
2938:
2934:Scyliorhinidae
2925:
2920:Scyliorhinidae
2910:
2894:
2892:
2890:Scyliorhinidae
2886:
2885:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2843:Izu catshark (
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2773:S. comoroensis
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2735:Boa catshark (
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:P. pantherinum
2639:
2633:Pyjama shark (
2629:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2444:Holohalaelurus
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2422:H. kistnasamyi
2417:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2393:Haploblepharus
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2248:G. nipponensis
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2158:G. antillensis
2152:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1880:Mud catshark (
1877:
1868:
1864:B. immaculatus
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1775:Aulohalaelurus
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1684:A. rubiginosus
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1561:A. profundorum
1556:
1547:
1540:
1536:A. parvipinnis
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1500:A. melanoasper
1495:
1486:
1482:A. macrostomus
1477:
1468:
1459:
1455:A. laurussonii
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1303:Elasmobranchii
1299:
1297:Chondrichthyes
1293:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1219:External links
1217:
1214:
1213:
1178:
1165:(3): 351β366.
1145:
1126:(1): 231β234.
1107:
1088:(2): 545β549.
1072:
1056:
997:
968:
944:
901:
852:
834:
807:(6): 591β607.
787:
755:
735:
720:Froese, Rainer
707:
706:
704:
701:
697:coral catshark
680:
677:
647:
644:
629:
626:
616:
613:
609:biofluorescent
605:chain catshark
590:sonic hedgehog
562:
559:
558:
557:
556:
555:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
542:
536:
530:
529:Scyliorhininae
522:
519:
518:
517:
504:
502:A. Smith, 1838
494:
481:
479:in Smith, 1912
464:
454:
448:Holohalaelurus
444:
438:Haploblepharus
434:
421:
408:
398:
381:
368:
355:
346:Aulohalaelurus
342:
332:
319:
306:
267:
264:
252:Scyliorhinidae
236:
235:
226:Scyliorhinidae
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
196:Elasmobranchii
193:
189:
188:
186:Chondrichthyes
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
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153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
124:
123:
115:
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106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
44:
26:
18:Scyliorhinidae
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3181:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
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3013:
3008:
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2866:
2864:
2859:
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2837:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2560:P. macmillani
2556:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2471:Crying Izak (
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2362:H. natalensis
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2230:G. mincaronei
2226:
2224:
2222:
2221:G. melastomus
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:G. atlanticus
2172:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:C. ventriosum
2064:
2062:
2060:
2059:C. variegatum
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1987:C. pardelotum
1983:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1951:C. hicosellum
1947:
1945:
1943:
1942:C. formosanum
1938:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1906:C. albipinnum
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1762:A. marmoratus
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:Atelomycterus
1711:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:A. spongiceps
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1420:A. internatus
1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:(1): e83259.
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
986:
982:
978:
972:
958:
954:
948:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
905:
897:
893:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
848:
841:
839:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
775:
771:
764:
762:
760:
751:
744:
742:
740:
731:
730:
725:
721:
715:
713:
708:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
676:
674:
673:ovoviviparity
669:
665:
661:
660:chain dogfish
652:
643:
640:
636:
625:
622:
612:
610:
606:
601:
599:
594:
591:
586:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
553:
550:
544:Halelaelurina
543:
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
524:
514:
510:
509:
505:
500:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:
465:
460:
459:
455:
450:
449:
445:
440:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:
409:
406:Whitley, 1928
404:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
343:
338:
337:
336:Atelomycterus
333:
329:
325:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
307:
302:
301:
297:
296:
295:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
263:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
245:ground sharks
242:
232:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:Selachimorpha
204:
202:Subdivision:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2889:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2836:S. stellaris
2835:
2834:Nursehound (
2826:
2817:
2809:S. hesperius
2808:
2800:S. haeckelii
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2764:S. cervigoni
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2717:Scyliorhinus
2715:
2703:
2694:
2686:S. maculatus
2685:
2677:S. chilensis
2676:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2635:P. africanum
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2524:P. albipenis
2523:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2482:H. punctatus
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2404:H. edwardsii
2403:
2391:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2353:H. maculosus
2352:
2343:
2334:
2326:H. boesemani
2325:
2313:
2302:G. springeri
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2257:G. piperatus
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2125:F. boardmani
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2067:
2066:Swellshark (
2058:
2050:C. umbratile
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2014:C. signourum
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1978:C. maculatum
1977:
1968:
1960:C. isabellum
1959:
1950:
1941:
1933:C. fasciatum
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1828:B. canescens
1827:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1786:A. kanakorum
1785:
1773:
1761:
1753:A. marnkalha
1752:
1743:
1735:A. fasciatus
1734:
1726:A. baliensis
1725:
1713:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1437:A. japonicus
1436:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:A. herklotsi
1402:
1393:
1385:
1378:A. exsanguis
1377:
1368:
1359:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1324:
1307:Subdivision
1191:
1187:
1181:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1123:
1119:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1059:
1014:
1010:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
980:
971:
960:. Retrieved
956:
947:
914:
910:
904:
869:
865:
855:
846:
804:
800:
790:
778:. Retrieved
773:
749:
727:
688:
682:
657:
646:Reproduction
634:
631:
620:
618:
615:Distribution
602:
597:
595:
587:
582:
578:
576:
571:
564:
508:Scyliorhinus
506:
496:
483:
466:
462:Garman, 1906
456:
452:Fowler, 1934
446:
442:Garman, 1913
436:
423:
410:
400:
383:
370:
357:
344:
340:Garman, 1913
334:
321:
308:
298:
293:
288:
260:monophyletic
256:paraphyletic
251:
240:
239:
225:
131:
36:
3007:iNaturalist
2914:Wikispecies
2854:S. torazame
2755:S. capensis
2746:S. canicula
2728:S. besnardi
2587:P. xaniurus
2464:H. grennian
2344:H. lineatus
2335:H. buergeri
2293:G. schultzi
2203:G. gracilis
2194:G. eastmani
2185:G. cadenati
2134:F. striatus
2101:C. cephalus
2041:C. sufflans
1969:C. laticeps
1882:B. lutarius
1855:B. hispidus
1819:B. alcockii
1808:Bythaelurus
1795:A. labiosus
1744:A. macleayi
1702:A. vincenti
1666:A. pallidus
1657:A. occiduus
1648:A. funebris
1615:A. stenseni
1597:A. sinensis
1579:A. saldanha
1394:A. gibbosus
1386:A. fedorovi
1360:A. brunneus
1352:A. aphyodes
1345:A. albisoma
1337:A. acanutus
911:Development
621:Apristurus.
535:Pentanchini
473:H. M. Smith
359:Bythaelurus
3153:Categories
2845:S. tokubee
2827:S. retifer
2782:S. garmani
2600:Pentanchus
2578:P. pilosus
2551:P. lanatus
2504:Parmaturus
2315:Halaelurus
2284:G. sauteri
2275:G. priapus
2239:G. murinus
2090:Cephalurus
2032:C. speccum
1873:B. incanus
1846:B. dawsoni
1588:A. sibogae
1544:A. pinguis
1527:A. nasutus
1509:A. microps
1412:A. indicus
1369:A. canutus
1326:Apristurus
1194:(3): 740.
991:2015-07-08
962:2015-07-08
703:References
583:Apristurus
579:Apristurus
568:nursehound
513:Blainville
468:Pentanchus
458:Parmaturus
430:T. N. Gill
425:Halaelurus
417:Rafinesque
385:Cephalurus
377:T. N. Gill
310:Apristurus
231:T. N. Gill
192:Subclass:
2863:S. torrei
2704:S. tenuis
2668:S. bivius
2624:Poroderma
2491:H. regani
2431:H. pictus
2413:H. fuscus
2380:H. sellus
2371:H. quagga
2077:C. zebrum
2023:C. silasi
1996:C. pictum
1837:B. clevai
1675:A. parvus
1639:A. analis
1628:Asymbolus
1570:A. riveri
1446:A. kampae
1301:Subclass
931:1477-9129
821:0362-2525
780:22 August
774:bbc.co.uk
668:egg cases
666:in tough
628:Behaviour
532:Galeinae
521:Cladogram
485:Poroderma
477:Radcliffe
394:Schroeder
323:Asymbolus
241:Catsharks
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
42:Catsharks
2899:Wikidata
2818:S. meadi
2533:P. bigus
2455:H. favus
2266:G. polli
1924:C. cooki
1491:A. manis
1309:Selachii
1291:Chordata
1285:Animalia
1283:Kingdom
1272:catshark
1067:Panamjas
1051:24421880
1011:PLOS ONE
939:11044393
896:19141424
829:32271501
729:FishBase
538:Galeini
490:A. Smith
364:Compagno
300:Akheilos
222:Family:
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
2167:G. arae
1289:Phylum
1274:species
1270:Extant
1208:1445396
1140:1446270
1102:1447159
1042:3885428
1019:Bibcode
887:2660956
693:aquaria
679:Aquaria
541:Galeina
390:Bigelow
328:Whitley
262:group.
247:of the
212:Order:
182:Class:
3136:105693
3123:114370
3120:uBio:
3087:450143
3071:NZOR:
3038:159985
3025:114904
2905:Q17149
2737:S. boa
2147:Galeus
2114:Figaro
1313:Order
1295:Class
1206:
1188:Copeia
1138:
1120:Copeia
1100:
1082:Copeia
1049:
1039:
937:
929:
894:
884:
827:
819:
637:, are
515:, 1816
492:, 1838
432:, 1862
419:, 1810
412:Galeus
402:Figaro
396:, 1941
379:, 1862
366:, 1988
353:, 1934
351:Fowler
330:, 1939
317:, 1913
315:Garman
266:Genera
249:family
233:, 1862
3131:WoRMS
3108:Plazi
3100:83175
3020:IRMNG
3012:51892
1204:JSTOR
1136:JSTOR
1098:JSTOR
957:Wired
776:. BBC
3064:7826
3059:NCBI
3033:ITIS
2999:2208
2994:GBIF
2986:1896
2955:BOLD
1192:1988
1124:1991
1086:1993
1047:PMID
935:PMID
927:ISSN
892:PMID
825:PMID
817:ISSN
782:2021
683:The
664:eggs
607:are
588:The
475:and
392:and
243:are
53:Preκ
3046:NBN
2981:EoL
2973:G6B
2968:CoL
2960:937
2942:AFD
2929:ADW
1196:doi
1167:doi
1128:doi
1090:doi
1037:PMC
1027:doi
919:doi
915:127
882:PMC
874:doi
870:276
809:doi
805:281
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78:C
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