938:
796:
673:
595:
479:
237:
127:
976:
767:
102:
862:
565:
992:
Houndsharks are distinguished by large spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from 37 to 220 cm (1.21 to 7.22 ft) in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed
958:. Many, not necessarily mutually exclusive, functions have been proposed for the cephalofoil, including sensory reception, manoeuvring, and prey manipulation. Hammerheads are found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines and
882:-like eyes and two small dorsal fins set far back. They usually have a patterned appearance, ranging from stripes to patches to spots. Most are fairly small, growing no longer than 80 cm (31 in); a few, such as the
1759:"A new genus and species of extinct ground shark, †Diprosopovenator hilperti, gen. et sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes, †Pseudoscyliorhinidae, fam. nov.), from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany"
1738:
954:
Hammerhead sharks are named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a
2183:
1883:"Combining palaeontological and neontological data shows a delayed diversification burst of carcharhiniform sharks likely mediated by environmental change"
1419:
1331:
1241:
1463:
1452:
1375:
1342:
1386:
1364:
1260:
1230:
717:
teeth. Its maximum known length is 82 cm (32 in). Likely strong-swimming and opportunistic, the barbeled houndshark has been known to ingest
1279:
619:
in shallow coastal waters to a depth of 100 m (330 ft). Most species are small, reaching no more than 1.4 m long (4.6 ft), though the
1408:
3259:
1982:"A shark fauna from the Campanian of Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada: an insight into the diversity of Cretaceous deep-water assemblages"
1592:
1581:
1507:
1496:
1474:
1430:
1397:
1148:
1658:
1647:
1614:
1559:
1220:
1170:
742:
3298:
1603:
1570:
1441:
1189:
2171:
1945:
2434:
1636:
1529:
1353:
1320:
1518:
1309:
920:
fill their stomachs with water or air when threatened, increasing their girth by a factor of two to three. Some catsharks are called
3403:
3233:
2243:
3398:
3272:
1701:
515:, the young being born fully developed. They vary widely in size, from as small as 69 cm (2.26 ft) adult length in the
1689:
713:. The barbeled houndshark is characterized by a very slender body, nasal barbels, long furrows at the corners of the mouth, and
1733:
1691:
1688:
3277:
1735:
1732:
1699:
1714:
1692:
1719:
3393:
1736:
1715:
1690:
2059:
2051:
1734:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1718:
1713:
1712:
3360:
1717:
3303:
1703:
1696:
495:
Requiem sharks are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the
2427:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1682:
2216:
2195:
1726:
1704:
1695:
816:
containing false catsharks and gollumsharks. It contains the only ground shark species to exhibit intrauterine
1679:
1676:
962:. Unlike most sharks, hammerheads usually swim in schools during the day, becoming solitary hunters at night.
126:
3285:
581:
A formerly diverse genus, only one species exists today. The tiger shark is the largest member of this order
1723:
1720:
1698:
2236:
2076:
1687:
1685:
1678:
2100:
3181:
3168:
3146:
2772:
2652:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1700:
1693:
2023:
1711:
1706:
1683:
1681:
3388:
2420:
1680:
516:
3352:
3186:
1727:
1725:
372:, initially as mostly small-sized forms, before radiating into medium and large body sizes during the
3313:
2763:
2754:
2124:
1724:
1710:
1694:
1684:
1677:
647:
has a strong ventral lobe and undulations on the dorsal lobe margin. They feed on a variety of small
3365:
1728:
1721:
921:
1686:
2931:
2592:
2510:
2229:
3339:
1730:
3108:
2601:
632:
520:
3334:
2634:
2625:
937:
907:
898:
waters to depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or more, depending on species. They feed on
795:
3326:
3264:
3207:
3155:
3014:
2987:
2880:
2873:
2849:
2814:
2805:
2643:
1894:
1827:
1770:
829:
331:
245:
3160:
2044:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
1963:
8:
3173:
3050:
3005:
2996:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2144:
959:
678:
672:
410:
1898:
1831:
1774:
594:
3090:
2730:
2721:
2544:
2535:
1923:
1882:
1858:
1815:
1796:
911:
714:
620:
121:
3321:
3194:
3059:
2796:
2055:
2001:
1928:
1910:
1863:
1845:
1800:
1788:
1160:
532:
1816:"Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks"
749:, as heavy fishing pressure occurs throughout its range and it is used for meat and
3032:
2978:
2940:
2858:
2221:
1993:
1981:
1918:
1902:
1853:
1835:
1778:
1485:
943:
813:
434:
257:
226:
1997:
1783:
1758:
2830:
2568:
2559:
2379:
916:
910:, but most lay eggs in tough egg cases with curly tendrils at each end, known as
801:
787:
746:
422:
398:
369:
241:
110:
3290:
3199:
478:
2963:
2954:
2920:
2902:
2893:
2840:
2497:
2481:
2475:
2331:
2311:
2294:
2253:
1906:
1548:
1298:
853:
664:
612:
484:
470:
349:
236:
178:
168:
2412:
3382:
2707:
2284:
2120:
2096:
2072:
2019:
2005:
1914:
1849:
1792:
1625:
1272:
1071:
1053:
1043:
1032:
772:
758:
416:
392:
364:, which have teeth and body forms that are morphologically similar to living
324:
59:
1840:
3131:
2521:
2364:
2336:
2316:
1932:
1867:
1253:
1182:
1126:
899:
722:
652:
616:
600:
586:
524:
508:
404:
354:
211:
3246:
3140:
2787:
2393:
2346:
2326:
1208:
1137:
1104:
955:
710:
570:
556:
191:
34:
975:
315:, with over 270 species. They include a number of common types, such as
3077:
3041:
2616:
2583:
2469:
2374:
2278:
1541:
1201:
1115:
1082:
1010:
981:
929:
895:
883:
766:
730:
698:
697:
species found in the coastal waters of the eastern
Atlantic Ocean from
656:
644:
640:
636:
512:
504:
500:
496:
440:
335:
320:
79:
44:
1881:
Brée, Baptiste; Condamine, Fabien L.; Guinot, Guillaume (2022-12-19).
101:
3251:
3220:
3023:
2745:
2321:
1814:
Condamine, Fabien L.; Romieu, Jules; Guinot, Guillaume (2019-10-08).
1021:
967:
887:
718:
648:
138:
84:
3102:
368:. Carchariniformes first underwent major diversification during the
3238:
3225:
3125:
2463:
2401:
2356:
2272:
2266:
2175:
2129:
2105:
2081:
2028:
1949:
1291:
1093:
1060:
891:
867:
738:
726:
694:
507:. The usual carcharhiniform characteristics include round eyes and
428:
385:
373:
365:
361:
339:
316:
158:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
886:, can reach 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in length. They are found in
627:) may reach 2.4 m (7.9 ft). They have horizontally oval
2369:
1004:
817:
750:
706:
89:
64:
861:
360:
The oldest members of the order appeared during the Middle-Late
2457:
734:
705:, at depths of 10–75 m (33–246 ft). It favours muddy
702:
148:
1980:
Cappetta, Henri; Morrison, Kurt; Adnet, Sylvain (2019-12-10).
1675:
733:, with females bearing litters of seven young; the developing
564:
296:
3347:
3212:
2487:
2303:
1757:
Stumpf, Sebastian; Scheer, Udo; Kriwet, Jürgen (2019-03-04).
821:
639:
occur, with the base of the first placed well forward of the
511:
that are completely behind five gill slits. Most species are
330:
Members of this order are characterized by the presence of a
312:
201:
290:
263:
2047:
1970:. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (05/2010).
903:
628:
523:. Requiem sharks are responsible for a large proportion of
343:
278:
269:
1967:
993:
on fish and invertebrates on the sea bed and in midwater.
353:
studies show that some of the conventional groups are not
879:
350:
284:
2145:"Extinct - valid species | Species | Shark-References"
1979:
1813:
299:
287:
281:
266:
260:
2251:
275:
1880:
293:
272:
1756:
519:, up to 4 m (13 ft) adult length in the
3380:
1120:Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2018
1015:Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2017
878:Catsharks are distinguished by their elongated,
824:are nourished by eggs produced by their mother.
2442:
1820:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2170:Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013)
659:. They are not known to have attacked people.
248:which can be drawn over the eye to protect it.
2428:
2237:
2184:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
1597:Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017
1575:Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017
1402:Reinecke, Moths, Grant & Breitkreuz, 2005
1630:Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
1501:Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
1037:Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013
2678:
1966:in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010.
689:The only species of barbeled houndshark is
2435:
2421:
2244:
2230:
388:, the nine families of ground sharks are:
100:
2380:Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives)
1922:
1857:
1839:
1782:
611:Weasel sharks are found from the eastern
2181:
1153:Ebersole, Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019
745:has assessed the barbeled houndshark as
235:
2312:Hexanchiformes (frilled and cow sharks)
2119:
2095:
2071:
2065:
2036:
2018:
2012:
3381:
1964:Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks
3107:
3106:
2416:
2225:
1670:
894:seas worldwide, ranging from shallow
655:; at least two species specialize on
3353:497DDA6B-FF95-F110-43AB-B7DC494DC6E9
3314:fded2316-39f5-484b-9a33-fbc2b721123c
2375:Rajiformes (skates and guitarfishes)
1752:
1750:
1175:Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019
1164:Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019
2332:Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks)
737:are sustained by a unique globular
729:, and even inedible objects. It is
13:
2188:Bulletins of American Paleontology
2172:Fish Identification: Ground sharks
2164:
1973:
1946:Fish Identification: Ground sharks
1763:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1523:Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
1314:Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
1076:Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
14:
3415:
2342:Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
2210:
2052:Food and Agriculture Organization
1747:
1235:Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019
1224:Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019
2337:Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks)
1490:Kiel, Peckmann & Simon, 2013
999:
974:
936:
914:. The swell sharks of the genus
860:
794:
765:
671:
593:
563:
477:
256:
125:
32:
3404:Extant Albian first appearances
2365:Torpediniformes (electric rays)
2137:
2113:
2089:
2042:Compagno, Leonard J. V. (1984)
1265:Pollerspöck & Straube, 2017
3399:Taxa named by Leonard Compagno
2322:Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks)
1956:
1939:
1874:
1807:
1347:Underwood & Mitchell, 1999
401:or Galeocerdidae (Tiger shark)
1:
2773:African ribbontail catshark (
2653:Straight-tooth weasel shark (
2347:Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
2327:Squatiniformes (angel sharks)
2317:Squaliformes (dogfish sharks)
1998:10.1080/08912963.2019.1681421
1784:10.1080/02724634.2019.1593185
1741:
1586:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1512:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1435:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1358:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1325:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1087:Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997
1048:Duffin & Batchelor, 2024
988:
985:
980:
950:
947:
942:
874:
871:
866:
842:
839:
837:
812:False catsharks are a small
808:
805:
800:
779:
776:
771:
685:
682:
677:
607:
604:
599:
577:
574:
569:
545:
542:
540:
491:
488:
483:
7:
2764:Pygmy ribbontail catshark (
2755:Cuban ribbontail catshark (
1246:Müller & Diedrich, 1991
379:
311:, are the largest order of
10:
3420:
2402:Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
1953:. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
1907:10.1038/s41598-022-26010-7
1564:Adnet & Cappetta, 2008
1457:Underwood & Ward, 2008
1336:Underwood & Ward, 2008
1284:Underwood & Ward, 2004
1194:Underwood & Ward, 2011
991:
953:
877:
845:
811:
782:
688:
635:, and precaudal pits. Two
610:
580:
548:
517:Australian sharpnose shark
494:
3394:Cartilaginous fish orders
3115:
3076:
2976:
2952:
2939:
2919:
2891:
2871:
2838:
2829:
2785:
2743:
2719:
2706:
2669:
2614:
2593:Australian weasel shark (
2581:
2557:
2533:
2520:
2496:
2452:
2392:
2355:
2302:
2293:
2261:
1369:Cappetta & Ward, 1977
1142:Case & Cappetta, 1990
240:Ground sharks, like this
122:Scientific classification
120:
108:
99:
23:
2602:Sicklefin weasel shark (
2370:Pristiformes (sawfishes)
2123:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2099:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2085:. December 2012 version.
2077:"Family Pseudotriakidae"
2075:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2032:. February 2011 version.
2022:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2635:Atlantic weasel shark (
2626:Whitetip weasel shark (
2217:Order Carcharhiniformes
2182:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
2133:. January 2009 version.
2109:. January 2009 version.
2101:"Family Scyliorhinidae"
1841:10.1073/pnas.1902693116
3015:Scalloped hammerhead (
2988:Scalloped bonnethead (
2881:Dwarf false catshark (
2850:Slender smooth-hound (
2806:Magnificent catshark (
2644:Slender weasel shark (
820:, in which developing
709:, particularly around
521:oceanic whitetip shark
249:
3335:Paleobiology Database
3051:Smalleye hammerhead (
3006:Carolina hammerhead (
2997:Whitefin hammerhead (
2690:Barbeled houndshark (
2194:: 560. Archived from
2178:. March 2013 version.
2024:"Family Hemigaleidae"
908:aplacental viviparous
831:†Pseudoscyliorhinidae
625:Hemipristis elongatus
413:(barbeled houndshark)
239:
2731:Harlequin catshark (
2545:Snaggletooth shark (
2149:shark-references.com
1221:Pseudoscyliorhinidae
691:Leptocharias smithii
679:Barbeled houndsharks
332:nictitating membrane
246:nictitating membrane
3060:Smooth hammerhead (
2945:(Hammerhead sharks)
2797:Graceful catshark (
2712:(Finback catsharks)
1899:2022NatSR..1221906B
1832:2019PNAS..11620584C
1826:(41): 20584–20590.
1775:2019JVPal..39E3185S
960:continental shelves
906:. Some species are
615:to the continental
534:†Florenceodontidae?
437:(hammerhead sharks)
419:(finback catsharks)
115:Carcharhinus isodon
3033:Great hammerhead (
2859:Sulu gollumshark (
2254:cartilaginous fish
2125:"Family Triakidae"
1986:Historical Biology
1887:Scientific Reports
1671:Timeline of genera
1420:Platyrhizoscyllium
1332:Crassescyliorhinus
1242:Pseudoscyliorhinus
1131:Laurito Mora, 1999
715:sexually dimorphic
621:snaggletooth shark
334:over the eye, two
250:
3389:Carcharhiniformes
3376:
3375:
3322:Open Tree of Life
3174:Carcharhiniformes
3161:Carcharhiniformes
3147:Carcharhiniformes
3117:Carcharhiniformes
3109:Taxon identifiers
3100:
3099:
3072:
3071:
2915:
2914:
2825:
2824:
2702:
2701:
2665:
2664:
2569:Hooktooth shark (
2410:
2409:
2388:
2387:
2304:Selachii (sharks)
1962:Compagno, L.J.V.
1664:
1653:
1642:
1631:
1620:
1609:
1598:
1587:
1576:
1565:
1554:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1469:
1464:Protoscyliorhinus
1458:
1453:Prohaploblepharus
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1376:Microscyliorhinus
1370:
1359:
1348:
1343:Cretascyliorhinus
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1285:
1266:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1195:
1176:
1165:
1161:Florenceodontidae
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1026:Saint-Seine, 1949
1016:
997:
996:
944:Hammerhead sharks
773:Finback catsharks
525:attacks on humans
425:(false catsharks)
253:Carcharhiniformes
234:
233:
230:
222:Carcharhiniformes
30:Bathonian–present
3411:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3291:NBNSYS0000180162
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3104:
3103:
3083:
2964:Winghead shark (
2950:
2949:
2946:
2926:
2903:False catshark (
2836:
2835:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2676:
2675:
2595:H. australiensis
2531:
2530:
2527:
2503:
2502:(Requiem sharks)
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2300:
2299:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2069:
2063:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1992:(8): 1121–1182.
1977:
1971:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1843:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1786:
1754:
1662:
1651:
1640:
1629:
1618:
1607:
1596:
1585:
1574:
1563:
1552:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1486:Scyliorhinotheca
1478:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1365:Megascyliorhinus
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1283:
1264:
1261:Pseudoapristurus
1245:
1234:
1231:Diprosopovenator
1223:
1212:
1193:
1174:
1163:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1014:
978:
970:
940:
932:
912:mermaid's purses
864:
856:
832:
798:
790:
769:
761:
675:
667:
597:
589:
567:
559:
535:
481:
473:
447:
446:
395:(requiem sharks)
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
225:
130:
129:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3081:
3080:
3068:
2972:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2887:
2867:
2831:Pseudotriakidae
2821:
2781:
2739:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2661:
2628:P. leucolomatus
2610:
2577:
2553:
2526:(Weasel sharks)
2525:
2524:
2516:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2448:
2441:
2411:
2406:
2384:
2357:Batoidea (rays)
2351:
2289:
2257:
2250:
2213:
2201:
2199:
2167:
2165:Further reading
2162:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2118:
2114:
2094:
2090:
2070:
2066:
2041:
2037:
2017:
2013:
1978:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1879:
1875:
1812:
1808:
1769:(2): e1593185.
1755:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1673:
1280:Praeproscyllium
1202:Galeocerdonidae
1002:
968:
930:
917:Cephaloscyllium
854:
830:
802:False catsharks
789:Pseudotriakidae
788:
759:
747:near threatened
741:structure. The
665:
587:
558:Galeocerdonidae
557:
533:
471:
423:Pseudotriakidae
407:(weasel sharks)
399:Galeocerdonidae
382:
370:Late Cretaceous
259:
255:
242:blacknose shark
224:
124:
111:finetooth shark
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Order of sharks
12:
11:
5:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3137:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3084:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2932:Scyliorhinidae
2929:
2927:
2921:Scyliorhinidae
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2673:
2671:Leptochariidae
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2511:Carcharhinidae
2506:
2504:
2498:Carcharhinidae
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2482:Elasmobranchii
2478:
2476:Chondrichthyes
2472:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2295:Elasmobranchii
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2211:External links
2209:
2208:
2207:
2179:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2136:
2121:Froese, Rainer
2112:
2097:Froese, Rainer
2088:
2073:Froese, Rainer
2064:
2035:
2020:Froese, Rainer
2011:
1972:
1955:
1938:
1873:
1806:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1652:Cappetta, 1989
1643:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1608:Cappetta, 1992
1599:
1588:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1549:Archaeotriakis
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:Cappetta, 1993
1525:
1514:
1503:
1492:
1481:
1479:Cappetta, 1980
1470:
1459:
1448:
1446:Cappetta, 1992
1437:
1426:
1415:
1409:Palaeoscyllium
1404:
1393:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1338:
1327:
1316:
1305:
1299:Bavariscyllium
1292:Scyliorhinidae
1288:
1287:
1286:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:Cappetta, 1980
1198:
1197:
1196:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1100:
1098:Cappetta, 1975
1089:
1078:
1067:
1065:Cappetta, 1980
1054:Carcharhinidae
1050:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
979:
972:
964:
963:
952:
949:
946:
941:
934:
926:
925:
876:
873:
870:
865:
858:
855:Scyliorhinidae
850:
849:
844:
841:
838:
836:
834:
826:
825:
810:
807:
804:
799:
792:
784:
783:
781:
778:
775:
770:
763:
755:
754:
687:
684:
681:
676:
669:
666:Leptochariidae
661:
660:
613:Atlantic Ocean
609:
606:
603:
598:
591:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
568:
561:
553:
552:
547:
544:
541:
539:
537:
529:
528:
493:
490:
487:
485:Requiem sharks
482:
475:
472:Carcharhinidae
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
445:
444:
438:
432:
429:Scyliorhinidae
426:
420:
414:
411:Leptochariidae
408:
402:
396:
393:Carcharhinidae
381:
378:
325:requiem sharks
232:
231:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
179:Elasmobranchii
176:
172:
171:
169:Chondrichthyes
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3416:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3082:(Houndsharks)
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:Pseudotriakis
2890:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2852:G. attenuatus
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2808:P. magnificum
2804:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2766:E. radcliffei
2762:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:Proscylliidae
2705:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2637:P. pectoralis
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2604:H. microstoma
2600:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2571:C. macrostoma
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2285:Gnathostomata
2282:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2198:on 2012-05-10
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2060:92-5-101384-5
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:Palaeotriakis
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:Meridiogaleus
1589:
1584:
1583:
1582:Khouribgaleus
1578:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:Stenoscyllium
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:Sigmoscyllium
1493:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:Pteroscyllium
1471:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1431:Porodermoides
1427:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:Pachyscyllium
1394:
1391:Coquand, 1860
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1149:Pseudabdounia
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:Archaeogaleus
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:Vectiscyllium
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:Platyrhizodon
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:Fossil genera
983:
977:
973:
971:
966:
965:
961:
957:
945:
939:
935:
933:
928:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:invertebrates
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
869:
863:
859:
857:
852:
851:
848:
835:
833:
828:
827:
823:
819:
815:
803:
797:
793:
791:
786:
785:
774:
768:
764:
762:
760:Proscylliidae
757:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:invertebrates
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
680:
674:
670:
668:
663:
662:
658:
654:
653:invertebrates
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
602:
601:Weasel sharks
596:
592:
590:
585:
584:
572:
566:
562:
560:
555:
554:
551:
538:
536:
531:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:pectoral fins
506:
502:
498:
486:
480:
476:
474:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
443:(houndsharks)
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:Proscylliidae
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:
389:
387:
384:According to
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:ground sharks
304:
254:
247:
243:
238:
228:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Selachimorpha
200:
198:Subdivision:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
24:Ground sharks
22:
19:
3116:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3042:Bonnethead (
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2904:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2861:G. suluensis
2860:
2851:
2839:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2744:
2733:C. fehlmanni
2732:
2720:
2691:
2681:Leptocharias
2679:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2560:Chaenogaleus
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:Hemigaleidae
2486:Subdivision
2445:ground shark
2444:
2341:
2283:Infraphylum
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2191:
2187:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2128:
2115:
2104:
2091:
2080:
2067:
2043:
2038:
2027:
2014:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1958:
1948:
1941:
1893:(1): 21906.
1890:
1886:
1876:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1766:
1762:
1659:Xystrogaleus
1657:
1648:Squatigaleus
1646:
1635:
1624:
1615:Palaeogaleus
1613:
1602:
1591:
1580:
1569:
1560:Gomphogaleus
1558:
1547:
1528:
1517:
1506:
1495:
1484:
1473:
1468:Herman, 1977
1462:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1413:Wagner, 1857
1407:
1396:
1385:
1374:
1363:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1297:
1278:
1273:Proscyllidae
1259:
1254:Pentanchidae
1240:
1229:
1207:
1188:
1183:Hemigaleidae
1171:Florenceodon
1169:
1147:
1136:
1127:Kruckowlamna
1125:
1114:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1070:
1059:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
1003:
915:
902:and smaller
846:
711:river mouths
690:
624:
617:Indo-Pacific
588:Hemigaleidae
549:
465:Description
456:Common name
405:Hemigaleidae
383:
359:
355:monophyletic
348:
329:
308:
252:
251:
221:
212:Galeomorphii
208:Superorder:
185:
114:
18:
3247:iNaturalist
3141:Wikispecies
3035:S. mokarran
3024:Scoophead (
3008:S. gilberti
2925:(Catsharks)
2905:P. microdon
2816:P. venustum
2799:P. habereri
2788:Proscyllium
2757:E. barbouri
2646:P. randalli
2547:H. elongata
2536:Hemipristis
2394:Holocephali
1663:Adnet, 2006
1604:Pachygaleus
1571:Kallodentis
1442:Premontreia
1424:Adnet, 2006
1303:Thies, 2005
1209:Physogaleus
1190:Moerigaleus
1138:Misrichthys
1105:Eorhincodon
982:Houndsharks
956:cephalofoil
719:bony fishes
657:cephalopods
649:bony fishes
641:pelvic fins
637:dorsal fins
571:Tiger shark
431:(catsharks)
342:, and five
336:dorsal fins
321:swellsharks
192:Neoselachii
3383:Categories
3062:S. zygaena
2999:S. couardi
2966:E. blochii
2941:Sphyrnidae
2874:Planonasus
2775:E. sinuans
2692:L. smithii
2617:Paragaleus
2584:Hemigaleus
2470:Vertebrata
2468:Subphylum
2279:Vertebrata
2277:Subphylum
2202:2011-05-17
2154:2024-03-06
1742:References
1641:Böhm, 1926
1619:Gurr, 1962
1553:Case, 1978
1380:Case, 1994
1116:Fornicatus
1083:Danogaleus
1011:Altusmirus
931:Sphyrnidae
896:intertidal
884:nursehound
731:viviparous
699:Mauritania
693:. It is a
645:caudal fin
513:viviparous
505:milk shark
503:, and the
501:bull shark
497:blue shark
435:Sphyrnidae
175:Subclass:
3091:Triakidae
3078:Triakidae
3044:S. tiburo
3017:S. lewini
2990:S. corona
2883:P. parini
2746:Eridacnis
2480:Subclass
2006:0891-2963
1915:2045-2322
1850:0027-8424
1801:155785248
1793:0272-4634
1637:Rhaibodus
1542:Triakidae
1530:Tingaleus
1354:Foumtizia
1022:Corysodon
969:Triakidae
888:temperate
868:Catsharks
739:placental
727:fish eggs
633:spiracles
578:1 extant
441:Triakidae
366:catsharks
317:catsharks
244:, have a
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
3126:Wikidata
3053:S. tudes
3026:S. media
2955:Eusphyra
2722:Ctenacis
2655:P. tengi
2488:Selachii
2464:Chordata
2458:Animalia
2456:Kingdom
2273:Chordata
2267:Animalia
2265:Kingdom
2176:FishBase
2130:FishBase
2106:FishBase
2082:FishBase
2029:FishBase
1968:FishBase
1950:FishBase
1933:36535995
1868:31548392
1387:Orthodon
1321:Casieria
1219:Family †
1159:Family †
1109:Li, 1997
1094:Eogaleus
1061:Abdounia
892:tropical
875:>150
707:habitats
695:demersal
631:, small
462:Species
386:FishBase
380:Families
374:Cenozoic
362:Jurassic
340:anal fin
227:Compagno
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
2979:Sphyrna
2462:Phylum
2447:species
2443:Extant
2271:Phylum
2252:Extant
1924:9763247
1895:Bibcode
1859:6789557
1828:Bibcode
1771:Bibcode
1656:Genus †
1645:Genus †
1634:Genus †
1623:Genus †
1612:Genus †
1601:Genus †
1590:Genus †
1579:Genus †
1568:Genus †
1557:Genus †
1546:Genus †
1540:Family
1527:Genus †
1519:Thiesus
1516:Genus †
1505:Genus †
1494:Genus †
1483:Genus †
1472:Genus †
1461:Genus †
1450:Genus †
1439:Genus †
1428:Genus †
1417:Genus †
1406:Genus †
1395:Genus †
1384:Genus †
1373:Genus †
1362:Genus †
1351:Genus †
1340:Genus †
1329:Genus †
1318:Genus †
1310:Cadiera
1307:Genus †
1296:Genus †
1290:Family
1277:Genus †
1271:Family
1258:Genus †
1252:Family
1239:Genus †
1228:Genus †
1206:Genus †
1200:Family
1187:Genus †
1181:Family
1168:Genus †
1146:Genus †
1135:Genus †
1124:Genus †
1113:Genus †
1102:Genus †
1091:Genus †
1080:Genus †
1069:Genus †
1058:Genus †
1052:Family
1041:Genus †
1030:Genus †
1019:Genus †
1008:Genus †
922:dogfish
847:Extinct
822:fetuses
818:oophagy
751:leather
735:embryos
550:Extinct
459:Genera
450:Family
346:slits.
218:Order:
165:Class:
3340:154870
3327:553100
3311:NZOR:
3278:551500
3226:1KARCO
3132:Q48178
2841:Gollum
2474:Class
2256:orders
2058:
2004:
1931:
1921:
1913:
1866:
1856:
1848:
1799:
1791:
814:family
703:Angola
643:. The
499:, the
453:Image
323:, and
313:sharks
307:, the
229:, 1977
3366:10210
3361:WoRMS
3348:Plazi
3304:30483
3265:10253
3260:IRMNG
3252:48069
3089:(see
2930:(see
2509:(see
1797:S2CID
338:, an
186:Clade
3299:NCBI
3273:ITIS
3234:GBIF
3221:EPPO
3213:1887
3182:BOLD
2056:ISBN
2048:Rome
2002:ISSN
1929:PMID
1911:ISSN
1864:PMID
1846:ISSN
1789:ISSN
904:fish
890:and
743:IUCN
651:and
629:eyes
344:gill
35:PreꞒ
3286:NBN
3239:887
3208:EoL
3195:CoL
3187:214
3169:AFD
3156:ADW
2192:364
2174:in
1994:doi
1919:PMC
1903:doi
1854:PMC
1836:doi
1824:116
1779:doi
989:40
880:cat
872:17
701:to
492:59
489:11
351:DNA
291:ɔːr
264:ɑːr
3385::
3363::
3350::
3337::
3324::
3301::
3288::
3275::
3262::
3249::
3236::
3223::
3210::
3200:VL
3197::
3184::
3171::
3158::
3143::
3128::
2190:.
2186:.
2147:.
2127:.
2103:.
2079:.
2054:.
2050::
2046:.
2026:.
2000:.
1990:33
1988:.
1984:.
1927:.
1917:.
1909:.
1901:.
1891:12
1889:.
1885:.
1862:.
1852:.
1844:.
1834:.
1822:.
1818:.
1795:.
1787:.
1777:.
1767:39
1765:.
1761:.
1749:^
986:9
951:9
948:2
924:.
843:3
840:2
809:5
806:3
780:7
777:3
753:.
725:,
721:,
686:1
683:1
608:8
605:4
575:1
546:1
543:1
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376:.
357:.
327:.
319:,
297:iː
279:aɪ
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113:,
109:A
85:Pg
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3064:)
3055:)
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3037:)
3028:)
3019:)
3010:)
3001:)
2992:)
2968:)
2934:)
2907:)
2885:)
2863:)
2854:)
2810:)
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2777:)
2768:)
2759:)
2735:)
2694:)
2657:)
2648:)
2639:)
2630:)
2606:)
2597:)
2573:)
2549:)
2513:)
2436:e
2429:t
2422:v
2245:e
2238:t
2231:v
2205:.
2157:.
2062:.
2008:.
1996::
1935:.
1905::
1897::
1870:.
1838::
1830::
1803:.
1781::
1773::
623:(
303:/
300:z
294:m
288:f
285:ɪ
282:n
276:r
273:ˈ
270:ə
267:k
261:k
258:/
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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