20:
3256:
494:
4424:
611:
760:
1046:
363:
835:(1956). Scottish folk clubs were less dogmatic than their English counterparts which rapidly moved to an all English folk song policy, and they continued to encourage a mixture of Scottish, Irish, English and American material. Early on they hosted traditional performers, including Donald Higgins and the
1195:
was the existence of large communities across the world that looked for their cultural roots and identity to their origins in the Celtic nations. While it seems young musicians from these communities usually chose between their folk culture and mainstream forms of music such as rock or pop, after the
425:
claimed that they had replaced the trumpet on the battlefield. This period saw the creation of the ceòl mór (the great music) of the bagpipe, which reflected its martial origins, with battle-tunes, marches, gatherings, salutes and laments. The
Highlands in the early seventeenth century saw the
774:
After World War II, traditional music in
Scotland was marginalised, but, unlike in England, it remained a much stronger force, with the Céilidh house still present in rural communities until the early 1950s and traditional material still performed by the older generation, even if the younger
632:(1882–92) has been the most influential on defining the repertoire of subsequent performers, and the English music teacher Cecil Sharp was probably the most important in understanding of the nature of folk song. In Scotland, collectors included the Reverend James Duncan (1848–1917) and
46:
that uses forms that are identified as part of the
Scottish musical tradition. There is evidence that there was a flourishing culture of popular music in Scotland during the late Middle Ages, but the only song with a melody to survive from this period is the "Pleugh Song". After the
976:(Celtic harp). Many of these groups played largely music originating from the Lowlands, while later, more successful bands tended to favor the Gaelic sounds of the Highlands. While fairly popular within folk circles, none of these groups achieved the success of Irish groups such as
310:, who combined Irish and Scottish personnel, emerged as the most successful exponents of the style. From the late 1970s the attendance at, and the number of, folk clubs began to decrease, as new musical and social trends began to dominate. However, in Scotland the circuit of
1120:
combined
Scottish folk music, electric instruments and haunting vocals to considerable success. While bagpipes had become an essential element in Scottish folk bands they were much rarer in folk rock outfits, but were successfully integrated into their sound by
1200:
relatively large numbers of bands began to emerge styling themselves as Celtic rock. This is particularly noticeable in the United States and Canada, where there are large communities descended from Irish and
Scottish immigrants. From the U.S. this includes
915:
music, which attempted to elevate folk music through greater musicianship, or compositional and arrangement skills. Many progressive folk performers continued to retain a traditional element in their music, including Jansch who became a member of the band
102:
The earliest printed collection of secular music comes from the seventeenth century. Collection began to gain momentum in the early eighteenth century and, as the Kirk's opposition to music waned, there was a flood of publications including
529:
1711. The oppression of secular music and dancing by the Kirk began to ease between about 1715 and 1725 and the level of musical activity was reflected in a flood of musical publications in broadsheets and compendiums of music such as the
477:", but for which there is no evidence until the eighteenth century. Scottish ballads are distinct, showing some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of supernatural elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad "
972:, whose line up, with two fiddlers, was later augmented by the piper Jimmy Anderson, and the Whistlebinkies, who pursued a strongly instrumental format, relying on traditional instruments, including a
326:
was the existence of large communities across the world that looked for their cultural roots and identity to their origins in the Celtic nations. From the United States this includes
Scottish bands
386:(1549). Many of the poems of this period were also originally songs, but for none has a notation of their music survived. Melodies have survived separately in the post-Reformation publication of
121:. From the late nineteenth century there was renewed interest in traditional music, which was more academic and political in intent. In Scotland collectors included the Reverend James Duncan and
663:
This revival began to have a major impact on classical music, with the development of what was in effect a national school of orchestral and operatic music in
Scotland. Major composers included
129:. This revival began to have a major impact on classical music, with the development of what was in effect a national school of orchestral and operatic music in Scotland, with composers such as
1176:" and incorporated accordion into their line-up, while the latter's guitar and drum sounds on their early albums were heavily influenced by Scottish pipe bands, particularly on songs such as "
892:(1927–2010), who enjoyed their own programmes. The programmes and their music were immensely popular, although their version of Scottish music and identity was despised by many modernists.
1105:
and festivals helped prop up traditional music. Two of the most successful groups of the 1980s emerged from this dance band circuit. From 1978, when they began to release original albums,
1074:
album in 1970, featured a song with "Celtic rock" as its title. The adoption of
British folk rock heavily influenced by Scottish traditional music produced groups including the
513:. It was printed three times in the next twenty years, and contained seventy-seven songs, of which twenty-five were of Scottish origin. Eighteenth century publications included
95:
from this period. Some may date back to the late
Medieval era and deal with events and people that can be traced back as far as the thirteenth century. They remained an
469:
from this period. Some may date back to the late
Medieval era and deal with events and people that can be traced back as far as the thirteenth century, including "
208:. There was also a strand of popular Scottish music that benefited from the arrival of radio and television, which relied on images of Scottishness derived from
1003:
Though perhaps not as popular as some of their Celtic fusion counterparts, traditional Scottish artists are still making music. These include Hebridean singer
862:
There was also a strand of popular Scottish music that benefited from the arrival of radio and television, which relied on images of Scottishness derived from
652:
was founded in an attempt to preserve traditional Scottish dances that were threatened by the introduction of the continental ballroom dances such as the
406:, the secular popular tradition of music continued, despite attempts by the Kirk, particularly in the Lowlands, to suppress dancing and events like
3609:
148:
After World War II, traditional music in Scotland was marginalised, but remained a living tradition. This was changed by individuals including
314:
and festivals helped prop up traditional music. Two of the most successful groups of the 1980s that emerged from this dance band circuit were
2302:
1229:. These groups were influenced by American forms of music, some containing members with no Celtic ancestry and commonly singing in English.
4413:
1141:
mixed traditional highland music with more modern sounds, such as dubstep rhythms, creating a genre sometimes referred to as "Acid Croft".
371:
79:. There is also evidence of adoption of the fiddle in the Highlands. Well-known musicians included the fiddler Pattie Birnie and the piper
3159:
3154:
3075:
775:
generation tended to prefer modern styles of music. This decline was changed by the actions of individuals such as American musicologist
683:(1868–1948). Mackenzie, who studied in Germany and Italy and mixed Scottish themes with German Romanticism, is best known for his three
3903:
3292:
2844:
2824:
2814:
628:
618:
From the late nineteenth century there was renewed interest in traditional music, which was more academic and political in intent.
481:". They remained an oral tradition until increased interest in folk songs in the eighteenth century led collectors such as Bishop
188:
emerged as a leading figure in the revival in Britain. The clubs hosted traditional performers, including Donald Higgins and the
1089:
From the late 1970s the attendance at, and number of, folk clubs began to decrease, as new musical and social trends, including
2752:
709:
2236:
2221:
2049:
1507:
1477:
1456:
1895:
640:(1843–1927), known as the "Strathspey King", who played the fiddle in venues ranging from the local functions in his native
3602:
649:
668:
134:
727:(1897) and choral works on Scottish subjects have been described by I. G. C. Hutchison as the musical equivalent of the
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
799:
was founded at University of Edinburgh in 1951, with Henderson as a research fellow and a collection of songs begun by
636:(1856–1914), who collected over 1,000 songs, mainly from Aberdeenshire. The tradition continued with figures including
462:(1763–1831), who, along with a large number of anonymous musicians, composed hundreds of fiddle tunes and variations.
3236:
2878:
2295:
2116:
2004:
1974:
1959:
1749:
1549:
1390:
1369:
1261:
1627:
4406:
4391:
3231:
482:
379:
3595:
3068:
1149:
have further developed Celtic electronic music which has been described as both Gaelictronica and Celtictronica.
4877:
3896:
3285:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3149:
2251:
2206:
2191:
2176:
2161:
2146:
2131:
2101:
2086:
2071:
2034:
2019:
1989:
1944:
1854:
1833:
1812:
1791:
1770:
1728:
1691:
1637:
1528:
1435:
1414:
1348:
1327:
1306:
1282:
820:
664:
130:
831:(1915–1989), who emerged as a leading figure in the revival in Britain, recording influential records such as
559:
Ancient and modern Scottish songs, heroic ballads, etc.: collected from memory, tradition and ancient authors
67:
in 1547. The Highlands in the early seventeenth century saw the development of piping families including the
4667:
1109:
produced highly polished Scottish folk rock, including the first commercially successful album with the all
4872:
2288:
454:(1550–1620). This tradition continued into the nineteenth century, with major figures such as the fiddlers
4354:
1078:
The Natural Acoustic Band (1970) and Spencer's Feat. Out of the wreckage of the latter in 1974, guitarist
4399:
3098:
1579:
1192:
695:
for piano (1897), all involving Scottish themes and folk melodies. Wallace's work included an overture,
323:
3144:
3061:
2745:
1611:
1173:
800:
796:
505:
In Scotland the earliest printed collection of secular music was by publisher John Forbes, produced in
427:
68:
4380:
920:
in 1967. Others largely abandoned the traditional element of their music. Particularly important were
4738:
4536:
4043:
3972:
3889:
3278:
2583:
2527:
2504:
2452:
1070:
889:
580:
235:
968:, emerged from the flourishing Glasgow folk scene. Also from this scene were the highly influential
4818:
3668:
3108:
2861:
2713:
568:
563:
554:
399:
113:
3128:
952:. Acoustic groups who continued to interpret traditional material through into the 1970s included
266:. Acoustic groups who continued to interpret traditional material through into the 1970s included
4743:
3931:
3870:
3855:
3658:
3571:
3226:
3103:
2854:
2709:
2376:
1595:
1125:
from 1989, who focused on a combination of highland music and rock. More recently, bands such as
875:
852:
546:
418:
391:
238:. The fusing of various styles of American music with British folk created a distinctive form of
227:
205:
64:
4789:
83:. This tradition continued into the nineteenth century, with major figures such as the fiddlers
4833:
3694:
2834:
2442:
2381:
1086:, who combined Irish and Scottish personnel, before he embarked on an influential solo career.
929:
895:
The fusing of various styles of American music with British folk created a distinctive form of
880:
804:
395:
259:
222:
165:
27:
Scotland, 2009. Pipe bands are among the most recognizable forms of traditional Scottish music.
3530:
1133:
have also focused on a combination of Celtic music and pop-rock. Additionally, groups such as
791:(1922–2006) were also important in raising awareness of the tradition, particularly Kennedy's
4733:
4541:
4359:
3773:
3663:
3241:
2738:
2596:
2386:
1181:
1168:
incorporated traditional Celtic sounds onto many of their songs. The former based their hit "
961:
788:
680:
390:(1567), which were spiritual satires on popular songs, adapted and published by the brothers
279:
275:
157:
142:
450:
alone. Well-known musicians included the fiddler Pattie Birnie (c. 1635–1721) and the piper
4784:
4328:
3618:
3561:
3402:
2956:
2829:
2719:
2335:
1202:
719:
600:
403:
327:
48:
4423:
3118:
402:. The only song with a melody to survive from this period is the "Pleugh Song". After the
8:
2472:
2462:
1937:
The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
1407:
The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
1117:
1061:
637:
623:
534:
319:
126:
104:
3967:
19:
4748:
4728:
4662:
4512:
4427:
4333:
4155:
4003:
3860:
3748:
3566:
3414:
3037:
2961:
2704:
2555:
1226:
1222:
896:
351:
347:
239:
161:
52:
2062:
Hutchison, I. G. C., "Workshop of Empire: The Nineteenth Century" in J. Wormald, ed.,
996:
of the Tannahill Weavers. MacLean is perhaps the best known of these, having written "
4779:
4758:
4718:
4492:
4261:
4028:
3123:
3084:
2866:
2839:
2819:
2432:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2127:
2112:
2097:
2082:
2067:
2045:
2030:
2015:
2000:
1985:
1970:
1955:
1940:
1850:
1829:
1808:
1787:
1766:
1745:
1724:
1687:
1633:
1626:
I. G. C. Hutchison, "Workshop of Empire: The Nineteenth Century" in J. Wormald, ed.,
1545:
1524:
1503:
1473:
1452:
1431:
1410:
1386:
1365:
1344:
1323:
1302:
1278:
1257:
1057:
823:(1951–1953) and Aberdeen Folk Festival (1963–). In the 1960s there was a flourishing
812:
672:
474:
470:
414:
297:
173:
60:
4421:
3946:
660:. The accordion also began to be a central instrument at Highland balls and dances.
362:
4556:
4517:
4375:
4312:
4140:
3941:
3912:
3834:
3545:
3301:
2888:
2849:
2672:
1214:
1177:
1098:
1028:
997:
965:
949:
945:
941:
924:(who was most influenced by emerging progressive folk musicians in America such as
917:
912:
844:
784:
780:
764:
732:
339:
283:
263:
197:
153:
4616:
2545:
2517:
2267:
Collection of original Scotch-tunes, (full of the highland humours) for the violin
1060:, playing traditional Scottish folk music with rock instrumentation, developed by
519:
Collection of original Scotch-tunes, (full of the highland humours) for the violin
499:
Collection of original Scotch-tunes, (full of the highland humours) for the violin
4794:
4307:
4160:
3850:
3829:
3540:
3368:
3260:
2921:
2667:
2407:
2402:
1879:
1138:
1110:
985:
736:
699:(1894). Drysdale's work often dealt with Scottish themes, including the overture
645:
422:
3637:
2345:
511:
Songs and Fancies: to Thre, Foure, or Five Partes, both Apt for Voices and Viols
4846:
4058:
4008:
3733:
3420:
2976:
2971:
2951:
2941:
2883:
2688:
2540:
1206:
1146:
1094:
1083:
1016:
993:
977:
933:
885:
808:
728:
676:
614:
Francis James Child, one of the key figures in beginning the first folk revival
451:
331:
307:
231:
169:
138:
96:
80:
1950:
Baxter, J. R., "Culture, Enlightenment (1660–1843): music", in M. Lynch, ed.,
4866:
4657:
4561:
4551:
4271:
4135:
3793:
3642:
3499:
2783:
2769:
2630:
2492:
2350:
1360:
J. R. Baxter, "Culture, Enlightenment (1660–1843): music", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1218:
1185:
1169:
1031:
has gained recognition for their distinctive combination of pipes and drums.
1024:
989:
981:
953:
937:
836:
816:
514:
459:
447:
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407:
343:
267:
189:
177:
88:
56:
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4851:
4763:
4708:
4596:
4571:
4566:
4497:
4292:
4150:
3814:
3743:
3520:
3469:
3355:
3027:
3007:
2997:
2788:
2778:
2761:
2652:
2644:
2606:
2565:
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2417:
2325:
1153:
1134:
1079:
1049:
1004:
957:
900:
871:
828:
584:
572:
378:
There is evidence that there was a flourishing culture of popular music in
271:
243:
217:
185:
118:
583:
and published between 1799 and 1818 included contributions from Burns and
527:
Choice Collection of Comic and Serious Scots Poems both Ancient and Modern
4753:
4546:
4302:
4297:
4275:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4023:
3936:
3824:
3819:
3797:
3587:
3535:
3525:
3503:
3439:
3408:
2966:
2798:
2793:
2662:
2657:
2477:
2447:
2427:
1995:
Craig, C., "Culture: modern times (1914–): the novel", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1210:
1197:
1165:
1161:
1068:
used the term "Celtic rock" to describe the folk rock he created for his
1040:
1020:
908:
904:
848:
633:
438:. There is also evidence of adoption of the fiddle in the Highlands with
431:
335:
293:
251:
247:
201:
122:
72:
39:
1740:
C. Craig, "Culture: modern times (1914–): the novel", in M. Lynch, ed.,
973:
51:, the secular popular tradition of music continued, despite attempts by
4703:
4672:
4507:
4130:
4013:
3728:
3459:
3362:
3348:
3316:
3032:
3012:
3002:
2946:
2926:
2535:
2371:
2330:
1130:
1012:
969:
867:
840:
819:(1928–2015). A number of festivals also popularised the music, such as
776:
768:
657:
287:
213:
193:
149:
43:
3998:
3926:
3323:
2916:
2366:
2280:
2169:
Defining Strains: The Musical Life of Scots in the Seventeenth Century
1341:
Defining Strains: The Musical Life of Scots in the Seventeenth Century
1299:
Defining Strains: The Musical Life of Scots in the Seventeenth Century
587:. Among Scott's early works was the influential collection of ballads
4828:
4698:
4682:
4502:
3993:
3951:
3684:
2467:
2412:
1145:
inspired the two aforementioned bands and the electronic sampling of
1142:
1122:
1090:
925:
824:
493:
181:
160:, through collecting, publications, recordings and radio programmes.
24:
3053:
1126:
55:, particularly in the Lowlands, to suppress dancing and events like
4677:
4636:
4591:
4237:
4145:
3783:
3738:
3464:
3270:
2911:
2614:
1075:
863:
641:
610:
506:
455:
435:
301:
209:
99:
until they were collected as folk songs in the eighteenth century.
84:
76:
1008:
759:
3977:
3632:
3330:
3042:
3022:
2340:
2273:
2265:
1157:
1102:
1065:
1045:
921:
856:
839:, beside English performers and new Scottish revivalists such as
619:
561:(1776). These were drawn on for the most influential collection,
478:
311:
255:
192:, beside English performers and new Scottish revivalists such as
4713:
4652:
4018:
3689:
3391:
2992:
2730:
1106:
795:, which was largely based around Scottish and Irish music. The
779:, who collected numerous songs in Scotland that were issued by
466:
315:
92:
3881:
4723:
4606:
4581:
4189:
4091:
3758:
3718:
3699:
3479:
3449:
3396:
3385:
2931:
2906:
2573:
2512:
2457:
2437:
2422:
2214:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
1500:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
984:. Some of these bands produced noted solo artists, including
932:, who from 1967 incorporated a range of influences including
653:
531:
254:. Others totally abandoned the traditional element including
1052:
live at the "Rätsche" in Geislingen/Steige (Germany) in 2006
884:
ran in Scotland from 1958 to 1967. Frequent guests included
2936:
1702:
1700:
417:
is from a French history, which mentions their use at the
4626:
4213:
3768:
3489:
3017:
2591:
2027:
Turn on Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock
1763:
Turn on Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock
1252:
J. R. Baxter, "Music, ecclesiastical", in M. Lynch, ed.,
751:(1911) incorporated traditional Scottish folk melodies.
1697:
1101:
began to dominate. However, in Scotland the circuit of
1082:
formed probably the most successful band in this genre
940:
into their compositions, leading to the development of
827:
culture. The first folk club was founded in London by
1776:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1248:
1246:
1965:
Baxter, J. R., "Music, Highland", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1540:J. R. Baxter, "Music, Highland", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
543:
Orpheus Caledonius: or, A collection of Scots songs
1980:Broughton, S. ,Ellingham M., and Trillo, R., eds,
1555:
1534:
1267:
1243:
851:. A number of these new performers, including the
803:(1915–1960). Acts that were popularised included
2094:The Autobiography of Donovan: The Hurdy Gurdy Man
1805:The Autobiography of Donovan: The Hurdy Gurdy Man
1656:
1354:
4864:
1483:
382:. This includes the long list of songs given in
2246:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991),
2244:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
2044:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005),
2014:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
1982:World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1784:World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1782:S. Broughton, M. Ellingham and R. Trillo, eds,
1708:World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1451:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005),
1401:
1399:
1322:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
1277:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991),
1275:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
2167:Porter, J., "Introduction" in J. Porter, ed.,
2055:Herman, J., "British Folk-Rock; Celtic Rock",
1152:Successful Scottish stadium rock acts such as
575:, which also included new words by Burns. The
567:published in six volumes from 1787 to 1803 by
444:A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland
59:. The first clear reference to the use of the
4407:
3897:
3603:
3286:
3069:
2746:
2296:
1919:J. Herman, "British Folk-Rock; Celtic Rock",
1605:
1339:J. Porter, "Introduction" in J. Porter, ed.,
1297:J. Porter, "Introduction" in J. Porter, ed.,
426:development of piping families including the
1396:
413:The first clear reference to the use of the
1293:
1291:
1184:". Big Country also covered Robert Burns' "
446:(1703) that he knew of eighteen players in
4414:
4400:
3904:
3890:
3617:
3610:
3596:
3293:
3279:
3076:
3062:
2753:
2739:
2303:
2289:
2079:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1826:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music
2216:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
2066:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
1999:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1969:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1954:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1885:, 43 (May/June 2001), retrieved 22/01/09.
1744:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1632:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
1588:
1544:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1502:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
1364:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1256:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1000:", one of Scotland's most beloved songs.
2229:Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance
1997:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1967:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1952:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1742:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1542:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1470:Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance
1362:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1333:
1288:
1254:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1044:
783:around 1955. Radio broadcasts by Lomax,
758:
691:for violin and orchestra (1889) and the
629:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
609:
492:
488:
361:
18:
16:Genre of traditional music from Scotland
2310:
1615:Scottish Composers: the Land With Music
1583:Scottish Composers: the Land With Music
1019:have also found success singing in the
644:, to urban centres of the south and at
485:to publish volumes of popular ballads.
226:which ran from 1958 to 1967, hosted by
180:. In the 1960s there was a flourishing
4865:
1056:Celtic rock developed as a variant of
710:The Land of the Mountain and the Flood
4395:
3885:
3591:
3274:
3083:
3057:
2734:
2284:
1172:" around the traditional Irish song "
944:, which had a considerable impact on
626:'s (1825–96) eight-volume collection
3300:
2111:(Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 2001),
1385:(Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 2001),
878:(1933–1993), whose weekly programme
650:Royal Scottish Country Dance Society
117:(1787 to 1803) by James Johnson and
2154:Four Centuries Of Scottish Psalmody
2029:(Milwaukie MI, Hal Leonard, 2003),
1765:(Milwaukie MI, Hal Leonard, 2003),
1428:Four Centuries Of Scottish Psalmody
262:, who have been seen as developing
13:
220:, exemplified by the TV programme
14:
4889:
3237:Scottish Alternative Music Awards
2275:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
2258:
2124:Scots: The Language of the People
1921:The Journal of American Folklore,
1706:Broughton, Ellingham and Trillo,
1684:Scots: The Language of the People
903:, pioneered by figures including
754:
589:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
300:by Scottish groups including the
246:, pioneered by figures including
4422:
3254:
3232:Scottish Album of the Year Award
2760:
2057:The Journal of American Folklore
1213:. From Canada are bands such as
605:
380:Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
338:. From Canada are bands such as
3911:
2528:Duple / Quadruple-time
1929:
1913:
1888:
1873:
1860:
1839:
1818:
1797:
1755:
1734:
1713:
1676:
1643:
1620:
1573:
1513:
1462:
1441:
551:The Caledonian Pocket Companion
164:that they popularised included
4278:which exist in various meters.
3800:which exist in various meters.
3506:which exist in various meters.
2201:(London: Rough Guides, 2003),
2184:Celtic Music: A Complete Guide
1984:(London: Rough Guides, 1999),
1880:’Wolfstone – Honest endeavour’
1847:Celtic Music: A Complete Guide
1786:(London: Rough Guides, 1999),
1723:(London: Rough Guides, 2003),
1420:
1375:
1312:
1034:
911:. This led in part to British
357:
1:
2012:Scotland Re-Formed, 1488–1587
1320:Scotland Re-Formed, 1488–1587
1232:
1923:107, (425), (1994) pp. 54–8.
866:and stereotypes employed in
697:In Praise of Scottish Poesie
410:at which tunes were played.
388:The Gude and Godlie Ballatis
212:and stereotypes employed in
125:. Major performers included
7:
2231:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008)
2199:The Rough Guide to Cult Pop
2126:(Black & White, 2006),
1721:The Rough Guide to Cult Pop
1686:(Black & White, 2006),
1472:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008)
1064:and its members from 1969.
821:Edinburgh People's Festival
707:(1891). MacCunn's overture
594:
541:(1723), William Thomson's
521:(1700), Margaret Sinkler's
10:
4894:
2156:(1949, Read Books, 2008),
1896:"Gaelictronica and Beyond"
1430:(1949, Read Books, 2008),
1174:She Moved Through the Fair
1038:
797:School of Scottish Studies
598:
296:developed as a variant of
290:, and The Whistlebinkies.
63:mentions their use at the
36:Scottish traditional music
4842:
4803:
4772:
4691:
4645:
4537:Abbots Bromley Horn Dance
4526:
4485:
4434:
4368:
4355:Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann
4347:
4321:
4285:
4067:
3986:
3973:Traditional Irish singing
3960:
3919:
3843:
3807:
3708:
3677:
3651:
3625:
3554:
3513:
3429:
3377:
3340:
3308:
3250:
3219:
3168:
3137:
3091:
2985:
2899:
2807:
2768:
2697:
2681:
2643:
2623:
2605:
2582:
2564:
2526:
2503:
2486:
2395:
2359:
2318:
1939:(Broadview Press, 2006),
1409:(Broadview Press, 2006),
992:of Battlefield Band, and
497:Cover of John Playford's
384:The Complaynt of Scotland
3669:Traditional square dance
2714:Donegal fiddle tradition
2141:(Backbeat Books, 2001),
1617:, retrieved 11 May 2012.
1602:, retrieved 11 May 2011.
1585:, retrieved 11 May 2012.
1523:(Backbeat Books, 2001),
1237:
1116:in 1978. From the 1980s
1023:dialect of their native
833:Scottish Popular Ballads
564:The Scots Musical Museum
539:The Tea Table Miscellany
458:(1727–1807) and his son
114:The Scots Musical Museum
109:The Tea Table Miscellany
4744:Northumbrian smallpipes
4381:RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards
3932:Irish traditional music
3856:Irish traditional music
3659:Scottish highland dance
3227:Scots Trad Music Awards
2855:Irish traditional music
2710:Irish traditional music
2186:(Da Capo Press, 2001),
2042:Modern Scottish Culture
1849:(Da Capo Press, 2001),
1651:Modern Scottish Culture
1568:Modern Scottish Culture
1449:Modern Scottish Culture
853:Ian Campbell Folk Group
837:Stewarts of Blairgowrie
525:(1710), James Watson's
419:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
206:Ian Campbell Folk Group
190:Stewarts of Blairgowrie
91:. There is evidence of
65:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
4214:Single and double jigs
3695:Great Highland bagpipe
3619:Cape Breton folk music
3577:Folk music of Scotland
3430:Dance & Tune Types
2879:Celtic music in the US
2835:Celtic music in Canada
2443:Great Highland bagpipe
1935:"Popular Ballads", in
1191:One by-product of the
1053:
1007:, 'Gaelic supergroup'
930:Incredible String Band
881:The White Heather Club
874:. Proponents included
771:
739:. Similarly, McEwen's
615:
502:
375:
322:. A by-product of the
260:Incredible String Band
223:The White Heather Club
28:
4878:Folk music by country
4819:Folk music of Denmark
4734:Lincolnshire bagpipes
4542:English country dance
4486:Subgenres and fusions
4360:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
3664:Scottish sword dances
3572:Folk music of Ireland
3567:Folk music of England
3242:Scottish Music Awards
2059:, 107, (425), (1994).
1580:"Alexander Mackenzie"
1048:
962:The Boys of the Lough
762:
613:
496:
489:Early song collection
465:There is evidence of
365:
280:Natural Acoustic Band
276:The Boys of the Lough
137:, Learmont Drysdale,
22:
4329:Cape Breton fiddling
3562:Cape Breton fiddling
3531:Harmonic minor scale
2720:Cape Breton fiddling
2518:Highland Schottische
2336:Gaelic psalm singing
2171:(Peter Lang, 2007),
1900:Creativescotland.com
1343:(Peter Lang, 2007),
1301:(Peter Lang, 2007),
703:(1890), the cantata
601:British folk revival
577:Select Scottish Airs
537:'s verse compendium
368:The Highland Wedding
304:and Spencer's Feat.
107:'s verse compendium
4873:Scottish folk music
4814:Scottish folk music
4773:Regional traditions
4339:Scottish folk music
3871:Folk music of Wales
3866:Scottish folk music
3261:Scotland portal
2872:Scottish folk music
2808:Regions and nations
2463:Scottish smallpipes
2312:Scottish folk music
2096:(Macmillan, 2007),
2064:Scotland: A History
1807:(Macmillan, 2007),
1629:Scotland: A History
1612:"Learmont-Drysdale"
1062:Fairport Convention
855:, emerged from the
717:(1896), his operas
685:Scottish Rhapsodies
665:Alexander Mackenzie
638:James Scott Skinner
624:Francis James Child
434:and the Mackays of
162:Traditional singers
131:Alexander Mackenzie
127:James Scott Skinner
75:and the Mackays of
32:Scottish folk music
4810:External relations
4729:Lancashire bagpipe
4588:2/2 and 4/4 Dances
4513:Medieval folk rock
4428:English folk music
4334:English folk music
3861:English folk music
3725:2/2 and 4/4 dances
3456:2/2 and 4/4 Dances
3160:Nineteenth century
3155:Eighteenth century
2712:(particularly the
2705:English folk music
2081:(Guinness, 1992),
2010:Dawson, J. E. A.,
1828:(Guinness, 1992),
1405:"Popular Ballads"
1227:Spirit of the West
1223:The Real Mckenzies
1054:
897:fingerstyle guitar
772:
616:
503:
376:
352:Spirit of the West
348:The Real Mckenzies
240:fingerstyle guitar
29:
23:Lonach Pipe band,
4860:
4859:
4759:Yorkshire bagpipe
4493:British folk rock
4435:Folk music by era
4389:
4388:
4238:Hop and slip jigs
4029:Hammered dulcimer
3879:
3878:
3585:
3584:
3268:
3267:
3085:Music of Scotland
3051:
3050:
2830:Cape Breton music
2728:
2727:
2639:
2638:
2237:978-0-7546-6142-9
2222:978-0-19-517478-6
2050:978-0-7486-2027-2
1596:"William Wallace"
1508:978-0-19-517478-6
1478:978-0-7546-6142-9
1457:978-0-7486-2027-2
1318:J. E. A. Dawson,
1058:British folk rock
988:of Silly Wizard,
899:playing known as
813:Jeannie Robertson
715:Six Scotch Dances
693:Scottish Concerto
687:(1879–80, 1911),
673:Learmont Drysdale
475:Thomas the Rhymer
471:Sir Patrick Spens
415:Highland bagpipes
400:Robert Wedderburn
298:British folk rock
242:playing known as
174:Jeannie Robertson
61:Highland bagpipes
4885:
4804:Related articles
4663:Children's songs
4557:Long Sword dance
4518:Progressive folk
4426:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4376:Gradam Ceoil TG4
4313:Pentatonic scale
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4084:
3968:Sean-nós singing
3942:Music of Ireland
3906:
3899:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3835:Pentatonic scale
3612:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3546:Pentatonic scale
3302:Welsh folk music
3295:
3288:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3055:
3054:
2889:Welsh folk music
2825:Cantabrian music
2755:
2748:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2264:John Playford's
2227:Whetter, K. S.,
2182:Sawyers, J. S.,
2122:MacDougall, C.,
2109:Scottish Ballads
1924:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1883:Living Tradition
1877:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1738:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1564:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1403:
1394:
1383:Scottish Ballads
1379:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1250:
1215:Enter the Haggis
1178:In a Big Country
1099:electronic music
966:Battlefield Band
950:psychedelic rock
942:psychedelic folk
913:progressive folk
890:Kenneth McKeller
888:(born 1938) and
847:(born 1930) and
845:Jimmie Macgregor
815:(1908–1975) and
785:Hamish Henderson
781:Columbia Records
765:Hamish Henderson
679:(1868–1916) and
340:Enter the Haggis
284:Battlefield Band
264:psychedelic folk
236:Kenneth McKeller
198:Jimmie Macgregor
154:Hamish Henderson
4893:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4838:
4799:
4768:
4764:Half-long pipes
4687:
4641:
4617:Triple Hornpipe
4522:
4481:
4430:
4420:
4390:
4385:
4364:
4343:
4317:
4308:Mixolydian mode
4281:
4268:Non-dance tunes
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4063:
3982:
3956:
3915:
3910:
3880:
3875:
3851:Music of Canada
3839:
3830:Mixolydian mode
3803:
3790:Non-dance tunes
3704:
3673:
3647:
3621:
3616:
3586:
3581:
3550:
3541:Mixolydian mode
3509:
3496:Non-dance Tunes
3425:
3373:
3336:
3304:
3299:
3269:
3264:
3255:
3253:
3246:
3215:
3164:
3133:
3087:
3082:
3052:
3047:
2981:
2895:
2803:
2764:
2759:
2729:
2724:
2693:
2682:Characteristics
2677:
2635:
2619:
2607:Triple compound
2601:
2578:
2560:
2522:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2428:Clàrsach (Harp)
2408:Acoustic guitar
2391:
2355:
2314:
2309:
2272:Walter Scott's
2261:
2137:Mathieson, K.,
2025:DeRogatis, J.,
1932:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1845:J. S. Sawyers,
1844:
1840:
1823:
1819:
1802:
1798:
1781:
1777:
1760:
1756:
1739:
1735:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1682:C. MacDougall,
1681:
1677:
1668:
1657:
1648:
1644:
1625:
1621:
1610:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1539:
1535:
1518:
1514:
1497:
1484:
1468:K. S. Whetter,
1467:
1463:
1446:
1442:
1425:
1421:
1404:
1397:
1380:
1376:
1359:
1355:
1338:
1334:
1317:
1313:
1296:
1289:
1272:
1268:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1193:Celtic Diaspora
1139:Peatbog Faeries
1043:
1037:
986:Andy M. Stewart
757:
749:Solway Symphony
669:William Wallace
608:
603:
597:
491:
423:George Buchanan
360:
324:Celtic Diaspora
135:William Wallace
17:
12:
11:
5:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4847:Portal:England
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4419:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4118:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4059:Uilleann pipes
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3947:Sean-nós dance
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Highland Fling
3731:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3421:Welsh bagpipes
3418:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3109:Ecclesiastical
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2977:Welsh bagpipes
2974:
2972:Uilleann pipes
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Irish bouzouki
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2867:Scottish music
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2845:Galician music
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Asturian music
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2584:Duple compound
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Highland Fling
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2260:
2259:External links
2257:
2256:
2255:
2240:
2225:
2210:
2195:
2180:
2165:
2150:
2135:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2075:
2060:
2053:
2040:Gardiner, M.,
2038:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1978:
1963:
1948:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1887:
1872:
1859:
1838:
1817:
1796:
1775:
1761:J. DeRogatis,
1754:
1733:
1712:
1696:
1675:
1655:
1642:
1619:
1604:
1594:J. Stevenson,
1587:
1572:
1554:
1533:
1519:K. Mathieson,
1512:
1482:
1461:
1440:
1438:, pp. 119–120.
1419:
1395:
1374:
1353:
1332:
1311:
1287:
1266:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1182:Fields of Fire
1147:Martyn Bennett
1084:Five Hand Reel
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1017:Old Blind Dogs
994:Dougie MacLean
978:The Chieftains
886:Moira Anderson
809:Jimmy MacBeath
793:As I Roved Out
756:
755:Second revival
753:
745:Border Ballads
729:Scots Baronial
701:Tam O’ Shanter
677:Hamish MacCunn
648:. In 1923 the
607:
604:
599:Main article:
596:
593:
581:George Thomson
490:
487:
452:Habbie Simpson
442:noting in his
430:, MacArthurs,
408:penny weddings
366:A detail from
359:
356:
308:Five Hand Reel
232:Moira Anderson
170:Jimmy MacBeath
139:Hamish MacCunn
97:oral tradition
81:Habbie Simpson
71:, MacArthurs,
57:penny weddings
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4890:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4835:
4834:Folk festival
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:Miscellaneous
4824:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
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4771:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
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4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Protest songs
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Maypole dance
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Garland dance
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
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4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4121:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
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3928:
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3922:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3887:
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3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
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3836:
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3823:
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3806:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3789:
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3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
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3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3717:
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3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
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3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3643:Waulking song
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3578:
3575:
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3570:
3568:
3565:
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3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
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3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:Events by era
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:Musical forms
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
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2925:
2923:
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2908:
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2902:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Cornish music
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Celtic fusion
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:and subgenres
2771:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:Related music
2696:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2351:Waulking song
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2242:Wormald, J.,
2241:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:Simpson, P.,
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:0-86241-477-6
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:0-19-211696-7
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:0-19-211696-7
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:0-19-211696-7
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1868:Electric Folk
1863:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1750:0-19-211696-7
1747:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1671:Electric Folk
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:0-19-211696-7
1547:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:M. Gardiner,
1444:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1417:, pp. 610–17.
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:0-86241-477-6
1388:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1370:0-19-211696-7
1367:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1285:, pp. 187–90.
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1264:, pp. 130–33.
1263:
1262:0-19-211696-7
1259:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Great Big Sea
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Seven Nations
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1186:Killiecrankie
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Belfast Child
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:Aberdeenshire
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
990:Brian McNeill
987:
983:
982:The Dubliners
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:Eastern music
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:(1936–1998),
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Flora MacNeil
814:
811:(1894–1972),
810:
807:(1875–1958),
806:
805:John Strachan
802:
801:Calum Maclean
798:
794:
790:
789:Peter Kennedy
786:
782:
778:
770:
766:
761:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:(1866–1909),
674:
671:(1860–1940),
670:
667:(1847–1935),
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
625:
621:
612:
606:First revival
602:
592:
590:
586:
582:
579:collected by
578:
574:
570:
569:James Johnson
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:John Playford
512:
508:
500:
495:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
460:Nathaniel Gow
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Martin Martin
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
369:
364:
355:
353:
349:
345:
344:Great Big Sea
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Seven Nations
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:and starring
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:Flora MacNeil
175:
171:
167:
166:John Strachan
163:
159:
158:Peter Kennedy
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
89:Nathaniel Gow
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
4852:Portal:Music
4813:
4709:Crowdy-crawn
4673:Sea shanties
4572:Rapper dance
4567:Morris dance
4498:Folk baroque
4369:Music Awards
4348:Competitions
4338:
4293:Aeolian mode
4250:
4226:
4202:
4173:
4119:
4104:
4080:
3865:
3815:Aeolian mode
3638:Puirt à beul
3576:
3521:Aeolian mode
3413:
3401:
3384:
3369:Men's chorus
3361:
3356:Cymanfa Ganu
3354:
3347:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3252:
3220:Music awards
3150:Early modern
3113:
3023:Piobaireachd
3008:Cymanfa Ganu
2998:Barzaz Breiz
2871:
2820:Breton music
2789:Celtic metal
2779:Celtic chant
2762:Celtic music
2488:Common forms
2418:Border pipes
2346:Puirt à beul
2326:Bothy ballad
2311:
2274:
2266:
2243:
2228:
2213:
2212:Sweers, B.,
2198:
2183:
2168:
2153:
2152:Millar, P.,
2139:Celtic Music
2138:
2123:
2108:
2093:
2092:Leitch, D.,
2078:
2077:Larkin, C.,
2063:
2056:
2041:
2026:
2011:
1996:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1936:
1930:Bibliography
1920:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1846:
1841:
1825:
1820:
1804:
1799:
1783:
1778:
1762:
1757:
1752:, pp. 157–9.
1741:
1736:
1720:
1719:P. Simpson,
1715:
1710:, pp. 261–3.
1707:
1683:
1678:
1673:, pp. 256–7.
1670:
1650:
1645:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1575:
1570:, pp. 195–6.
1567:
1552:, pp. 434–5.
1541:
1536:
1521:Celtic Music
1520:
1515:
1499:
1469:
1464:
1459:, pp. 193–4.
1448:
1443:
1427:
1422:
1406:
1382:
1377:
1372:, pp. 140–1.
1361:
1356:
1340:
1335:
1319:
1314:
1298:
1274:
1273:J. Wormald,
1269:
1253:
1190:
1154:Simple Minds
1151:
1135:Shooglenifty
1118:Capercaillie
1113:
1088:
1080:Dick Gaughan
1069:
1055:
1050:Dick Gaughan
1005:Julie Fowlis
1002:
958:Silly Wizard
901:folk baroque
894:
879:
876:Andy Stewart
861:
832:
829:Ewan MacColl
792:
773:
763:The bust of
748:
744:
740:
724:
720:Jeanie Deans
718:
714:
713:(1887), his
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
662:
627:
617:
588:
585:Walter Scott
576:
573:Robert Burns
562:
558:
553:(1751), and
550:
547:James Oswald
542:
538:
535:Allan Ramsay
526:
522:
518:
510:
504:
498:
483:Thomas Percy
464:
443:
428:MacCrimmonds
412:
387:
383:
377:
367:
320:Capercaillie
306:
292:
272:Silly Wizard
244:folk baroque
228:Andy Stewart
221:
186:Ewan MacColl
184:culture and
147:
119:Robert Burns
112:
108:
105:Allan Ramsay
101:
87:and his son
35:
31:
30:
4785:Northumbria
4754:Tin whistle
4692:Instruments
4547:Furry Dance
4527:Dance forms
4303:Ionian mode
4298:Dorian mode
4161:Schottische
4054:Tin whistle
4049:Tenor banjo
3987:Instruments
3937:Irish dance
3913:Irish music
3825:Ionian mode
3820:Dorian mode
3678:Instruments
3652:Folk dances
3536:Ionian mode
3526:Dorian mode
3409:Triple harp
3378:Instruments
3324:Noson Lawen
2900:Instruments
2884:Welsh music
2850:Irish music
2799:Celtic rock
2794:Celtic punk
2689:Scotch snap
2566:Triple-time
2478:Tin whistle
2448:Low whistle
2396:Instruments
2360:Folk dances
1824:C. Larkin,
1803:D. Leitch,
1510:, pp. 31–8.
1498:B. Sweers,
1426:P. Millar,
1393:, pp. 9–10.
1211:Flatfoot 56
1198:Celtic punk
1166:Dunfermline
1162:Big Country
1114:Play Gaelic
1041:Celtic rock
1035:Celtic rock
1021:Doric Scots
946:progressive
909:Bert Jansch
905:Davy Graham
849:The Corries
747:(1908) and
731:castles of
723:(1894) and
681:John McEwen
634:Gavin Greig
591:(1802–03).
509:in 1662 as
404:Reformation
372:David Allan
358:Development
336:Flatfoot 56
294:Celtic rock
252:Bert Jansch
248:Davy Graham
202:The Corries
143:John McEwen
123:Gavin Greig
111:(1723) and
69:MacCrimmons
49:Reformation
4867:Categories
4829:Folk clubs
4704:Concertina
4683:Work songs
4646:Song forms
4508:Folk metal
4156:Strathspey
4131:Barn dance
4068:Tune types
4014:Concertina
3780:9/8 dances
3765:6/8 dances
3755:3/4 dances
3749:Strathspey
3729:Barn dance
3709:Tune types
3486:6/8 Dances
3476:3/4 Dances
3460:Barn dance
3363:Cynghanedd
3349:Cerdd Dant
3317:Eisteddfod
3038:Strathspey
3033:Sea shanty
3013:Cynghanedd
3003:Cerdd Dant
2967:Welsh Harp
2947:Irish harp
2927:Concertina
2862:Manx music
2673:Pentatonic
2668:Mixolydian
2556:Strathspey
2536:Barn dance
2505:Duple-time
2473:Tenor drum
2331:Cornkister
2252:0748602763
2207:1843532298
2192:0306810077
2177:3039109480
2162:140869784X
2147:0879306238
2132:1845020847
2107:Lyle, E.,
2102:0099487039
2087:1882267028
2072:0191622435
2035:0634055488
2020:0748614559
1990:1858286352
1945:1551116111
1855:0306810077
1834:1882267028
1813:0099487039
1794:, pp. 267.
1792:1858286352
1771:0634055488
1729:1843532298
1692:1845020847
1649:Gardiner,
1638:0191622435
1566:Gardiner,
1529:0879306238
1436:140869784X
1415:1551116111
1349:3039109480
1328:0748614559
1307:3039109480
1283:0748602763
1233:References
1196:advent of
1131:Tide Lines
970:The Clutha
928:) and the
868:music hall
859:movement.
841:Robin Hall
777:Alan Lomax
769:South Gyle
733:Abbotsford
705:The Kelpie
658:quadrilles
622:professor
555:David Herd
523:Music Book
432:MacGregors
288:The Clutha
214:music hall
194:Robin Hall
150:Alan Lomax
73:MacGregors
44:folk music
4699:Accordion
4678:War songs
4633:9/8 Dance
4623:6/8 Dance
4613:3/2 Dance
4603:3/4 Dance
4578:2/4 Dance
4503:Folk punk
4477:2000–2009
4472:1990–1999
4467:1980–1989
4462:1970–1979
4457:1960–1969
4452:1950–1959
4447:1900–1949
4442:1500–1899
4322:Relations
3994:Accordion
3961:Folk song
3952:Set dance
3844:Relations
3715:2/4 dance
3685:Accordion
3626:Folk song
3555:Relations
3446:2/4 Dance
3341:Folk song
3211:2000–2009
3206:1990–1999
3201:1980–1989
3196:1970–1979
3191:1960–1969
3186:1950–1959
3181:1900–1949
3176:1500–1899
3099:Classical
2468:Side drum
2413:Bass drum
2403:Accordion
2319:Folk song
1905:7 January
1870:, p. 259.
1857:, p. 366.
1836:, p. 869.
1815:, p. 259.
1773:, p. 120.
1731:, p. 140.
1694:, p. 246.
1653:, p. 196.
1640:, p. 197.
1381:E. Lyle,
1330:, p. 169.
1143:Niteworks
1123:Wolfstone
1091:punk rock
1071:Open Road
1029:Albannach
998:Caledonia
926:Bob Dylan
918:Pentangle
825:folk club
421:in 1547.
182:folk club
25:Edinburgh
4790:Somerset
4780:Cornwall
4739:Melodeon
4637:Slip jig
4592:Hornpipe
4146:Hornpipe
4141:Highland
4044:Melodeon
4009:Bouzouki
3784:Slip jig
3774:Two-step
3739:Hornpipe
3465:Hornpipe
3440:Clogging
3145:Medieval
2912:bagpipes
2615:Slip jig
2597:Two-step
2546:Hornpipe
2453:Melodeon
2377:Highland
1866:Sweers,
1669:Sweers,
1600:Allmusic
1531:, p. 55.
1351:, p. 35.
1309:, p. 22.
1103:cèilidhs
1095:new wave
1076:JSD Band
974:Clàrsach
934:medieval
864:tartanry
743:(1889),
737:Balmoral
646:Balmoral
642:Banchory
595:Revivals
545:(1733),
507:Aberdeen
436:Gairloch
312:ceilidhs
302:JSD Band
258:and the
210:tartanry
204:and the
77:Gairloch
53:the Kirk
4653:Ballads
4533:General
4272:Marches
4185:Mazurka
3999:Bodhrán
3978:Lilting
3927:Cèilidh
3920:General
3794:Marches
3633:Lilting
3500:Marches
3436:General
3415:Tabwrdd
3403:Pibgorn
3331:Twmpath
3309:General
3043:Twmpath
2993:Ballads
2962:Tabwrdd
2957:Pibgorn
2922:Bombard
2917:Bodhrán
2770:Fusions
2653:Aeolian
2631:Marches
2382:Country
2367:Cèilidh
2341:Lilting
1480:, p. 28
1207:Prydein
1180:" and "
1158:Glasgow
1066:Donovan
922:Donovan
872:variety
857:skiffle
741:Pibroch
725:Dairmid
689:Pibroch
620:Harvard
479:Tam Lin
473:" and "
467:ballads
332:Prydein
256:Donovan
218:variety
93:ballads
38:) is a
4795:Sussex
4714:Fiddle
4658:Carols
4286:Scales
4258:dances
4234:dances
4210:dances
4181:dances
4127:dances
4088:dances
4039:Lambeg
4019:Fiddle
3808:Scales
3690:Fiddle
3514:Scales
3392:Fiddle
2952:Fiddle
2663:Ionian
2658:Dorian
2624:Others
2433:Fiddle
2250:
2235:
2220:
2205:
2190:
2175:
2160:
2145:
2130:
2115:
2100:
2085:
2070:
2048:
2033:
2018:
2003:
1988:
1973:
1958:
1943:
1853:
1832:
1811:
1790:
1769:
1748:
1727:
1690:
1636:
1548:
1527:
1506:
1476:
1455:
1434:
1413:
1389:
1368:
1347:
1326:
1305:
1281:
1260:
1127:Mànran
1111:Gaelic
1107:Runrig
1011:, and
954:Ossian
501:(1700)
374:, 1780
316:Runrig
268:Ossian
34:(also
4749:Tabor
4724:Flute
4607:Waltz
4582:Polka
4262:Slide
4190:Waltz
4136:Fling
4092:Polka
4024:Flute
4004:Bones
3759:Waltz
3719:Polka
3700:Piano
3480:Waltz
3450:Polka
3397:Flute
3386:Crwth
3124:Opera
3104:Court
3092:Forms
3028:Reels
2932:Crwth
2907:Banjo
2645:Modes
2574:Waltz
2513:Polka
2493:metre
2458:Piano
2438:Flute
2423:Cello
2387:Sword
1238:Notes
1164:from
1156:from
1009:Dàimh
654:waltz
532:makar
448:Lewis
392:James
40:genre
4719:Fife
4627:Jigs
4597:Reel
4276:airs
4274:and
4151:Reel
4112:and
4034:Harp
3798:airs
3796:and
3744:Reel
3504:Airs
3502:and
3470:Reel
3138:Eras
3119:Jazz
3114:Folk
3018:Jigs
2937:Harp
2551:Reel
2491:(by
2372:Dirk
2248:ISBN
2233:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2016:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1907:2021
1851:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1225:and
1209:and
1160:and
1137:and
1129:and
1097:and
980:and
964:and
956:and
948:and
936:and
907:and
870:and
787:and
735:and
571:and
456:Niel
398:and
396:John
350:and
334:and
318:and
250:and
234:and
216:and
176:and
156:and
141:and
85:Niel
3769:Jig
3490:Jig
3129:Pop
2592:Jig
1188:".
1013:Lau
767:in
656:or
557:'s
549:'s
517:'s
370:by
42:of
4869::
1992:..
1898:.
1699:^
1658:^
1598:,
1557:^
1485:^
1398:^
1290:^
1245:^
1221:,
1217:,
1205:,
1093:,
1027:.
1015:.
960:.
394:,
354:.
346:,
342:,
330:,
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
200:,
196:,
172:,
168:,
152:,
145:.
133:,
4415:e
4408:t
4401:v
4251:8
4227:8
4203:8
4174:4
4120:4
4105:2
4081:4
3905:e
3898:t
3891:v
3611:e
3604:t
3597:v
3294:e
3287:t
3280:v
3077:e
3070:t
3063:v
2754:e
2747:t
2740:v
2716:)
2495:)
2304:e
2297:t
2290:v
2254:.
2239:.
2224:.
2209:.
2194:.
2179:.
2164:.
2149:.
2134:.
2119:.
2104:.
2089:.
2074:.
2052:.
2037:.
2022:.
2007:.
1977:.
1962:.
1947:.
1909:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
