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scientific information is often portrayed in quantitative terms and can be interpreted by experts, the audience must ultimately decide how to feel about the information. Most science journalists begin their careers as either a scientist or a journalist and transition to science communication. One area in which science journalists seem to support varying sides of an issue is in risk communication. Science journalists may choose to highlight the amount of risk that studies have uncovered while others focus more on the benefits depending on audience and framing. Science journalism in contemporary risk societies leads to the institutionalisation of mediated scientific public spheres which exclusively discuss science and technology related issues. This also leads to the development of new professional relationship between scientists and journalists, which is mutually beneficial.
923:
of a study conducted comparing public interest between news stories written by scientists and stories written by reporters concluded there is no significant difference. The public was equally interested in news stories written by a reporter and a scientist. This is a positive finding for science journalism because it shows it is increasingly relevant and is relied upon by the public to make informed decisions. "The vast majority of non-specialists obtain almost all their knowledge about science from journalists, who serve as the primary gatekeepers for scientific information." Ethical and accurate reporting by science journalists is vital to keeping the public informed.
123:
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experiments on ways to improve science journalism are also rare. However, in one of the few experiments conducted with science journalists, when the remaining population of science journalists networked online, they produced more accurate articles than when in isolation. New communication environments provide essentially unlimited information on a large number of issues, which can be obtained anywhere and with relatively limited effort. The web also offers opportunities for citizens to connect with others through social media and other 2.0-type tools to make sense of this information.
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information from these media sources that are opinionated and not nearly as concerned with supplying facts to their viewers. Research found that after people finish their education, the media becomes the most significant, and for many individuals, the sole source of information regarding science, scientific findings and scientific processes. Many people fail to realize that information about science included from online sources is not always credible.
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compete for attention with other stories that are perceived as more entertaining. Science information cannot always be sensationalized to capture attention and the sheer amount of available information can cause important findings to be buried. The general public does not typically search for science information unless it is mentioned or discussed in mainstream media first. However, the
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liberals have higher and more steady trust in scientists, while conservative
Republicans' trust in scientists has been declining. However, in the United Kingdom, mass media do not have nearly the impact on people's opinions as in the United States. They have a different attitude towards the environment which prompted them to approve the
962:"After a lot of hand wringing about the newspaper industry about six years ago, I take a more optimistic view these days," said Cristine Russell, president of the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing. "The world is online. Science writers today have the opportunity to communicate not just with their audience but globally".
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discoveries is science blogs. Science journalists face an increasing need to convey factually correct information through storytelling techniques in order to tap into both the rational and emotional side of their audiences, the latter of which to some extent ensuring that the information uptake persists.
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A common misconception about public interest surrounds science journalism. Those who choose which news stories are important typically assume the public is not as interested in news written by a scientist and would rather receive news stories that are written by general reporters instead. The results
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Science information continues to be widely available to the public online. The increase in access to scientific studies and findings causes science journalism to adapt. "In many countries the public's main source of information about science and technology is the mass media." Science journalists must
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Science journalists often have training in the scientific disciplines that they cover. Some have earned a degree in a scientific field before becoming journalists or exhibited talent in writing about science subjects. However, good preparation for interviews and even deceptively simple questions such
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method that is very time-consuming but contains higher quality information from peer-reviewed sources. They also practice sustainable journalism that focuses on solutions rather than only the problem. Presenting information from both sides of the issue can confuse readers on what the actual findings
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With budget cuts at major newspapers and other media, there are fewer working science journalists employed by traditional print and broadcast media than before. Similarly, there are currently very few journalists in traditional media outlets that write multiple articles on emerging science, such as
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for members of the public." In other words, science journalists must make judgments such as what is good and bad (right and wrong). This is a very significant role because it helps "equip non-specialists to draw on scientific information and make decisions that accord with their own values". While
1134:, a movement for "free availability and usability of scholarly publications," seeks to counteract the accessibility issues of valuable scientific information. Freely accessible scientific journals will decrease the public's reliance on potentially biased popular media for scientific information.
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Science journalists keep the public informed of scientific advancements and assess the appropriateness of scientific research. However, this work comes with a set of criticisms. Science journalists regularly come under criticism for misleading reporting of scientific stories. All three groups of
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of communication, which assumes a top-down, one-way direction of communicating information that limits an open dialogue between knowledge holders and the public. One such way of sparking an inclusive dialogue between science and society that leads to a broader uptake of post-high school science
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have transformed into an increasingly politicized sphere. In the United States, Conservatives and
Liberals understand global warming differently. Democrats often accept the evidence for global warming and think that it's caused by humans, while not many Republicans believe this. Democrats and
958:
Tracking the remaining experienced science journalists is becoming increasingly difficult. For example, in
Australia, the number of science journalists has decreased to abysmal numbers: "you need less than one hand to count them." Due to the rapidly decreasing number of science journalists,
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over exaggerate the dispute that surrounds global warming actually existing. A majority of
Americans view global warming as an outlying issue that will essentially affect future generations of individuals in other countries. This is a problem considering that they are getting most of their
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tailor their content to relatively highly educated audiences. Many universities and research institutions focus much of their media outreach efforts on coverage in such outlets. Some government departments require journalists to gain clearance to interview a scientist, and require that a
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show. Balanced reporting can actually lead to unbalanced reporting because it gives attention to extreme minority views in the science community, implying that both sides have an equal number of supporters. It can give the false impression that an opposing minority viewpoint is valid.
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representatives have come under fire for offering free meals to doctors in order to promote new drugs. Critics of science journalists have argued that they should disclose whether industry groups have paid for a journalist to travel, or has received free meals or other gifts.
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and how the media affects people's opinions on this topic. Survey and experimental research have discovered connections between exposure to cable and talk show radio channels and views on global warming. However, early subject analyses noticed that U.S.
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Science values detail, precision, the impersonal, the technical, the lasting, facts, numbers and being right. Journalism values brevity, approximation, the personal, the colloquial, the immediate, stories, words and being right now. There are going to be
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in 1928 that science journalism really took shape. Crowther related that Scott had declared that there was "no such thing" as science journalism, at which point
Crowther replied that he intended to invent it. Scott was convinced and then employed him.
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scientists, journalists and the public often criticize science journalism for bias and inaccuracies. However, with the increasing collaborations online between science journalists there may be potential with removing inaccuracies. The 2010 book
930:. Conventionally, journalism is seen as more ethical if it is balanced reporting and includes information from both sides of an issue. Science journalism has moved to an authoritative type of reporting where they present information based on
844:-laden information produced by scientists into a form that non-scientists can understand and appreciate while still communicating the information accurately. One way science journalism can achieve that is to avoid an
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becoming headline news despite terrible study design and almost no evidence. He invented a fake "diet institute" that lacks even a website, used the pen name "Johannes
Bohannon" and fabricated a press release.
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Hmielowski JD, Feldman L, Myers TA, Leiserowitz A, Maibach E. An attack on science? Media use, trust in scientists, and perceptions of global warming. Public
Understanding of Science. 2014;23(7):866-883.
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Science journalists offer important contributions to the open science movement by using the Value
Judgement Principle (VJP). Science journalists are responsible for "identifying and explaining major
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published the most stories and had the biggest increase in coverage, that newspaper announced that it was dismantling its environmental desk and merging its journalists with other departments.
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997:, neutrality and objectivity. Balanced reporting, which involves giving equal time to each opposing side of a debate over an issue, has had a rather harmful impact on the media coverage of
1999:
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Science journalists can be seen as the gatekeepers of scientific information. Just like traditional journalists, science journalists are responsible for what truths reach the public.
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Science journalism finds itself under a critical eye due to the fact that it combines the necessary tasks of a journalist along with the investigative process of a scientist.
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in 2018, may unintentionally foster doubt in readers, as this particular scientist "did not say, as the media and the political class has said, that the science is settled."
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Dudo, A. D.; Dunwoody, S. & Scheufele, D. A. (2011). "The emergence of nano news: Tracking thematic trends and changes in U.S. newspaper coverage of nanotechnology".
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News coverage on science by traditional media outlets, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and news broadcasts is being replaced by online sources. In April 2012, the
1096:, this leaves the public with the impression that disagreement within the scientific community is much greater than it actually is. Science is based on experimental
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was founded in 1845, in another early example. One of the occasions an article was attributed to a 'scientific correspondent' was "A Gale in the Bay of Biscay" by
2465:
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yielded a 100% consensus that global warming is human-caused. However, articles like "Climate Change: A Scientist and
Skeptic Exchange Viewpoints," published by
1958:
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carried articles on different aspects of science, such as plants, steam boat, etc. It was available in
Bengali, Hindi and English languages. In the U.S.,
943:
869:
In 2011, there were 459 journalists who had written a newspaper article covering nanotechnology, of whom 7 wrote about the topic more than 25 times.
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as "What does this mean to the people on the street?" can often help a science journalist develop material that is useful for the intended audience.
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Modern science journalism originated in weather and other natural history observations, as well as reports of new scientific findings, reported by
3241:
2514:
2196:
2322:
2000:"New York Times Dismantles Its Environment Desk: Times says demise of the nine-person team, created in 2009, won't affect climate coverage"
708:
754:(means showing the direction), which was an educational monthly magazine that started publication in 1818 from Srirampore, Bengal, India.
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1870:
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The public benefits from an authoritative reporting style in guiding them to make informed decisions about their lifestyle and health.
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2370:
2349:"DEBATECITED: An empirical experiment into the value of open-source research methods and peer collaboration to science journalism"
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1793:
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990:, which works to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, while the U.S., the world's largest creator of carbon dioxide, has not done so.
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evidence and either ignore the conflicting side or point out their lack of evidence. Science journalism continues to adapt to a
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2216:
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2098:"Scientific Evidence and Science Journalism: Analysing the representation of (un)certainty in German print and online media"
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publisher and the media would pick up their findings. He worked with a film-maker Peter Onneken who was making a film about
3389:
3234:
2959:"Attitudes and Relationship between Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry in a Public General Hospital in Lima, Peru"
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Holtzman, Neil A.; Bernhardt, Barbara A.; Mountcastle-Shah, Eliza; Rodgers, Joann E.; Tambor, Ellen; Geller, Gail (2005).
2473:
2028:"Can scientists fill the science journalism void? Online public engagement with science stories authored by scientists"
3212:
2579:
Racine, Eric; Gareau, Isabelle; Doucet, Hubert; Laudy, Danielle; Jobin, Guy; Schraedley-Desmond, Pamela (March 2006).
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and other news writing in the centuries following the advent of the printing press. One early example dates back to
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1962:
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2489:"Debate Cited: A First Exploration of a Web Application to Enhance the Production of Science Journalism Students"
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Scientific information is often costly to access. This is counterproductive to the goals of science journalism.
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1756:, paper presented at the Scientists and Social Commitment Conference, Science Museum, London, 15–17 September.
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are the most important or only source of scientific information for people after completing their education.
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scientists have sought to "keep the controversy alive" in the public arena by demanding that reporters give
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The content of news stories regarding climate change are affected by journalistic norms including balance,
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Barel-Ben David, Yael; Garty, Erez S.; Baram-Tsabari, Ayelet (8 January 2020). Zollo, Fabiana (ed.).
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2581:"Hyped biomedical science or uncritical reporting? Press coverage of genomics (1992–2001) in Québec"
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1641:, science magazine published under the auspices of the Knight Science Journalism Fellowship program
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Guenther, Lars; Bischoff, Jenny; Löwe, Anna; Marzinkowski, Hanna; Voigt, Marcus (2 January 2019).
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Telling Science Stories : Reporting, Crafting and Editing for Journalists and Scientists
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Boykoff, M. T., & Rajan, S. R. (2007). Signals and noise. EMBO Reports, 8(3), 207–211.
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1871:"Science journalism: A remedy for lack of reliable, trustworthy information in the media?"
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Blog-based science reporting is filling in to some degree, but has problems of its own.
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listen in on phone conversations between government funded scientists and journalists.
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Unravelling Starlight: William and Margaret Huggins and the Rise of the New Astronomy
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continued a three-year slide in 2012 and that among the five largest US dailies, the
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1466:, freelance journalist and ex-geologist, known for his YouTube channel 'Potholer54'
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Reporting unrealistic timelines and engaging in the production of a "cycle of hype"
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2730:"UK news reporting of alcohol: An analysis of television and newspaper coverage"
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2240:"Signals and noise: Mass-media coverage of climate change in the USA and the UK"
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3444:
3351:
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3306:
2729:
2675:"The Quality of Media Reports on Discoveries Related to Human Genetic Diseases"
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Gibbs, Meryl; Wilkes, Robert; Wilkes, Meryl Gibbs and Robert (20 August 2018).
1935:
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There are many different examples of science writing. A few examples include
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2323:"Science journalism is in Australia's interest, but needs support to thrive"
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2448:"I Fooled Millions into Thinking Chocolate Helps Weight Loss. Here's How"
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911:) both online sources, a sign of the platform shift by the media outlet.
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167:
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2672:
2495:. CCA/Groupe d’intérêt en journalisme, ACC Conference Proceedings (2012)
2488:
782:(1820–1893) were scientists who were greatly involved in journalism and
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3629:
3518:
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De Ferrari, A; Gentille, C; Davalos, L; Huayanay, L; Malaga, G (2014).
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1959:"Climate coverage, dominated by weird weather, falls further in 2012"
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3036:"Science Journalism, Value Judgments, and the Open Science Movement"
2827:"Science Journalism, Value Judgments, and the Open Science Movement"
2145:"Science Journalism, Value Judgments, and the Open Science Movement"
1769:. London: Blogs.independent.co.uk. 27 September 2011. Archived from
3925:
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3122:
3076:"The Line Between Science and Journalism is Getting Blurry Again"
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Peter T. Doran & Maggie Kendall Zimmerman (20 January 2009).
2025:
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to the public. The field typically involves interactions between
725:
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1767:"Science and the media – an uncomfortable fit By Sallie Robbins"
874:
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3181:
2197:"Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate Change"
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Emphasizing frames of scientific progress and economic prospect
841:
659:
98:
2371:"Remember Newspaper Science Sections? They're Almost All Gone"
1898:"Remember Newspaper Science Sections? They're Almost All Gone"
968:
One of the main findings is about the controversy surrounding
3367:
2912:"Physician–Industry Relations. Part 1: Individual Physicians"
1011:
John Bohannon § Intentionally misleading chocolate study
947:
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in the 1920s and 1930s. Here she can be seen reporting on an
3092:
Contested Knowledge: Science, Media, and Democracy in Kerala
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Science journalism is reported differently than traditional
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produced a deliberately bad study to see how a low-quality
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1600:, a science journalism fellowship program launched in 1983
19:"Science writing" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for content published by
2578:
2626:
Nisbet, Matthew C.; Lewenstein, Bruce V. (June 2002).
2530:"Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change"
3211:. National Geographic Phenomena Blog. Archived from
1987:. Center for Science and Technology Policy Research.
1545:
1172:
794:'s appointment as the 'scientific correspondent' of
3104:
1488:, science journalist and author, columnist at the
1107:Scholars have criticized science journalists for:
2294:
2091:
2089:
1985:"MEDIA COVERAGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE/GLOBAL WARMING"
3972:
2625:
2466:"International Press Release: Slim by Chocolate"
2238:Boykoff, Maxwell T; Rajan, S Ravi (March 2007).
840:is to render very detailed, specific, and often
2201:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science
1092:to the minority side. Very often, such as with
2356:Spectrum. Masters Thesis, Concordia University
2086:
1754:"J.G. Crowther, Kuhn and Systems of Mediation"
1221:
3383:
3235:
3017:"Where do science journalists draw the line?"
2445:
2409:
2407:
2190:
2188:
1924:Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly
786:(1864–1945) was Scientific Correspondent for
702:
89:(1896–1982) was a science journalist for the
2513:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2237:
1729:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
1120:Having preferences toward positive messages
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2397:, by Chris Mooney and Sheril Kirshenbaum,
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2487:Novin, A., Secko, D. (25 November 2012).
2486:
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1795:Science Journalism : An Introduction
3193:
3171:) is being considered for deletion. See
2727:
2435:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400924
1889:
1117:Not presenting a range of expert opinion
1104:, and disputation is a normal activity.
81:
26:For broader coverage of this topic, see
3033:
2928:10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00014
2824:
2734:Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
2424:
2142:
1743:
1426:, Canadian science journalist, host of
790:from 1918 to 1935. However it was with
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3078:,"Science Progress", 21 December 2010.
2825:Elliott, Kevin C. (20 November 2019).
2774:
2628:"Biotechnology and the American Media"
2209:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.354
2143:Elliott, Kevin C. (20 November 2019).
1997:
1826:
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1722:
3371:
3223:
3086:
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2820:
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2369:Zara, Christopher (10 January 2013).
2346:
2195:Brüggemann, Michael (26 April 2017),
2021:
2019:
2017:
1998:Bagley, Katherine (11 January 2013).
1896:Zara, Christopher (10 January 2013).
1716:
1598:Knight Science Journalism Fellowships
981:Since the 1980s, climate science and
3206:
3094:. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
2777:"Science Communication Reconsidered"
2728:Nicholls, James (7 September 2010).
2368:
1895:
32:
2893:"Transparency Watch: A Closed Door"
1956:
1827:Angler, Martin W. (13 March 2020).
1477:, science, nature and travel writer
944:scientists' views on climate change
872:In January 2012, just a week after
13:
3209:"On the Origin of Science Writers"
3194:Brainard, Curtis (20 March 2009).
3187:
3081:
2815:
2014:
1792:Angler, Martin W. (14 June 2017).
14:
3997:
3175:to help reach a consensus. ›
3154:
3105:"Community Resources for Justice"
2297:"The Great Climate Change Debate"
1581:, defunct illustrated comic strip
1173:Science journalist responsibility
1004:
3141:"Why Science Journalism Matters"
2347:Novin, Alamir (17 August 2013).
1664:Smithsonian Institution Archives
1548:
1377:, science writer, most often on
1042:Media coverage of climate change
671:
121:
37:
3133:
3115:
3097:
3068:
3027:
3009:
2950:
2903:
2885:
2867:
2768:
2721:
2666:
2619:
2597:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.07.024
2572:
2546:
2521:
2480:
2458:
2439:
2388:
2362:
2340:
2314:
2288:
2231:
2136:
1991:
1977:
1950:
1915:
1446:, science journalist and author
1064:argues that in topics like the
3397:
3287:Patient and public involvement
1863:
1820:
1785:
1759:
1707:
1681:
1652:
942:For example, a 2019 survey of
1:
3455:Pundit / commentator
3275:Participatory action research
3160:
2585:Social Science & Medicine
2446:John Bohannon (27 May 2015).
2114:10.1080/1461670X.2017.1353432
1646:
1315:, science journalist for the
1287:David Bradley (UK journalist)
1141:, along with Newspapers like
660:Pundit / commentator
3196:"Nature's Artificial Divide"
3123:"Being a Science Journalist"
2984:10.1371/journal.pone.0100114
2554:"Bad science | Science"
2375:International Business Times
2053:10.1371/journal.pone.0222250
1902:International Business Times
1689:"What is science journalism"
1035:
774:on 18 January 1871, page 7.
198:Index of journalism articles
7:
3958:List of journalism articles
3312:Science by press conference
3302:Public awareness of science
3090:Shiju Sam Varughese. 2017.
2916:Annals of Internal Medicine
2875:"Science Needs a Storyline"
2203:, Oxford University Press,
1723:Becker, Barbara J. (2011).
1619:Science by press conference
1614:Public awareness of science
1541:
1519:, a science journalist for
1341:, editor and co-founder of
1294:, a science journalist for
1265:, a science journalist for
1242:, a science journalist for
1222:Notable science journalists
50:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
4002:
3200:Columbia Journalism Review
3040:Frontiers in Communication
3034:Elliott, Kevin C. (2019).
3021:Columbia Journalism Review
2897:Columbia Journalism Review
2879:Columbia Journalism Review
2831:Frontiers in Communication
2644:10.1177/107554700202300401
2321:Leach, J. (20 June 2017).
2149:Frontiers in Communication
1936:10.1177/107769901108800104
1585:Further research is needed
1566:Columbia Journalism Review
1231:
1225:
1066:global warming controversy
1039:
1027:in the diet industry with
1008:
880:coverage of climate change
739:
25:
18:
3955:
3907:
3834:
3639:
3543:
3465:
3405:
3255:
3207:Yong, Ed (29 July 2010).
2746:10.3109/09687631003796453
2493:Journalism Interest Group
1397:, science journalist for
1253:, American science writer
856:
846:information deficit model
683:Category: Journalism
3173:templates for discussion
3053:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00071
2910:Coyle, Susan L. (2002).
2844:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00071
2420:10.1177/0963662513480091
2256:10.1038/sj.embor.7400924
2162:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00071
1259:, English science writer
1234:Category:Science writers
1185:
1163:pharmaceutical marketing
878:reported that worldwide
724:conveys reporting about
63:may contain suggestions.
48:may need to be rewritten
3415:Journalists (reporters)
1668:Smithsonian Institution
808:
797:The Manchester Guardian
784:Peter Chalmers Mitchell
620:Journalists (reporters)
3529:Editorial independence
3250:Science and the public
2775:Bubela, Tania (2009).
2679:Public Health Genomics
2560:. London. 27 July 2007
1660:"Emma Reh (1896–1982)"
834:
188:Editorial independence
108:
3883:Pink-slime journalism
3868:Horse race journalism
3357:The Amateur Scientist
3322:Science communication
2632:Science Communication
2002:. Inside Climate News
1839:10.4324/9781351035101
1833:. London: Routledge.
1804:10.4324/9781315671338
1798:. London: Routledge.
1713:(Patairiya M.K. 1990)
1629:Scientific literature
1624:Science communication
1055:historians of science
812:
678:Journalism portal
541:Pink-slime journalism
526:Horse race journalism
85:
28:Science communication
3858:Freedom of the press
3178:Science Publications
2781:Nature Biotechnology
2476:on 12 December 2015.
1773:on 28 September 2011
1752:Gristock, J. (2006)
1578:Frontiers of Science
1111:Uncritical reporting
516:Freedom of the press
3981:Journalism by field
3920:Newspaper of record
2975:2014PLoSO...9j0114D
2811:– via Pubmed.
2793:10.1038/nbt0609-514
2542:on 3 February 2009.
2470:instituteofdiet.com
2395:"Unpopular Science"
2044:2020PLoSO..1522250B
1491:Wall Street Journal
1438:Scientific American
1428:Quirks & Quarks
1228:Science journalists
1208:scientific journals
903:The Huffington Post
776:Thomas Henry Huxley
761:Scientific American
578:Newspaper of record
95:archaeological site
3337:Science journalism
2102:Journalism Studies
1957:Fischer, Douglas.
1521:The New York Times
1459:The New York Times
1419:Katherine McAlpine
1399:The New York Times
1355:David Ewing Duncan
1296:The New York Times
1245:The New York Times
1196:risk communication
1143:The New York Times
1050:Merchants of Doubt
838:science journalist
768:which appeared in
722:Science journalism
109:
21:Scientific writing
3968:
3967:
3946:Alternative media
3898:Yellow journalism
3534:Journalism school
3365:
3364:
3270:March for Science
3215:on 11 March 2021.
2691:10.1159/000086756
2218:978-0-19-022862-0
1848:978-1-351-03510-1
1813:978-1-315-67133-8
1695:. 8 February 2019
1556:Journalism portal
1360:Gregg Easterbrook
1281:microphotographic
1216:science magazines
1139:science magazines
875:The Daily Climate
719:
718:
604:Alternative media
556:Yellow journalism
193:Journalism school
78:
77:
52:quality standards
3993:
3893:Propaganda model
3888:Public relations
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3347:Science outreach
3332:Science festival
3292:Physics outreach
3244:
3237:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3203:
3149:
3148:
3147:. 17 March 2016.
3137:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3079:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2846:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2591:(5): 1278–1290.
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2535:. Archived from
2534:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2472:. Archived from
2462:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2411:
2402:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2327:The Conversation
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2164:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2055:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1961:. Archived from
1954:
1948:
1947:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1656:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1450:Michelle Nijhuis
1435:, columnist for
1385:Albrecht Fölsing
1279:, known for his
1272:Christopher Bird
1212:science podcasts
832:
778:(1825–1895) and
736:and the public.
711:
704:
697:
676:
675:
674:
551:Propaganda model
546:Public relations
125:
111:
110:
73:
70:
64:
41:
33:
16:Journalism genre
4001:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3986:Science writing
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3790:Photojournalism
3659:Interventionism
3635:
3634:
3633:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3401:
3396:
3366:
3361:
3297:Popular science
3280:Community-based
3260:Citizen science
3251:
3248:
3190:
3188:Further reading
3176:
3157:
3152:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3082:
3074:Zivkovic, Bora.
3073:
3069:
3032:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2955:
2951:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2823:
2816:
2773:
2769:
2726:
2722:
2671:
2667:
2624:
2620:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2425:
2412:
2405:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2301:Divided We Fall
2293:
2289:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2193:
2186:
2141:
2137:
2094:
2087:
2038:(1): e0222250.
2024:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1877:. 29 April 2021
1869:
1868:
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1774:
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1751:
1744:
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1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:Undark Magazine
1634:Science Writing
1609:Popular science
1554:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1497:Kirsten Sanford
1404:Robert Krulwich
1350:Claudia Dreifus
1344:Cosmos magazine
1339:Wilson da Silva
1306:Earth & Sky
1236:
1230:
1226:Main category:
1224:
1192:feature writing
1188:
1179:value judgments
1175:
1156:press secretary
1147:popular science
1082:ozone depletion
1070:tobacco smoking
1044:
1038:
1013:
1007:
999:climate science
949:Divided We Fall
936:slow journalism
859:
833:
819:
811:
766:William Crookes
742:
715:
672:
670:
450:Photojournalism
319:Interventionism
91:Science Service
74:
68:
65:
55:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3999:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3966:
3965:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:New Journalism
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:Human-interest
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:Digital/Online
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:Sensationalism
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3493:code of ethics
3486:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:News presenter
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3352:Science policy
3349:
3344:
3342:Science museum
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3307:Public science
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3204:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3156:
3155:External links
3153:
3151:
3150:
3132:
3114:
3096:
3080:
3067:
3026:
3008:
2969:(6): e100114.
2949:
2922:(5): 396–402.
2902:
2884:
2866:
2814:
2787:(6): 514–518.
2767:
2740:(3): 200–206.
2720:
2685:(3): 133–144.
2665:
2638:(4): 359–391.
2618:
2571:
2545:
2520:
2479:
2457:
2438:
2423:
2403:
2401:, 17 Aug. 2009
2387:
2361:
2339:
2313:
2287:
2250:(3): 207–211.
2230:
2217:
2184:
2135:
2085:
2013:
1990:
1976:
1965:on 15 May 2013
1949:
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1862:
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1582:
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1561:
1560:
1559:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:Nagendra Vijay
1533:
1528:
1526:Robyn Williams
1523:
1514:
1509:
1507:Meredith Small
1504:
1502:Rebecca Skloot
1499:
1494:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:Michael Pollan
1467:
1464:Peter Hadfield
1461:
1455:Dennis Overbye
1452:
1447:
1441:
1430:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1375:Timothy Ferris
1372:
1370:Kitty Ferguson
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1336:
1331:
1329:Siri Carpenter
1326:
1321:
1310:
1298:
1289:
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1274:
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1254:
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1240:Natalie Angier
1223:
1220:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1094:climate change
1062:Erik M. Conway
1037:
1034:
1009:Main article:
1006:
1005:Chocolate hoax
1003:
988:Kyoto Protocol
970:climate change
893:New York Times
885:New York Times
864:nanotechnology
858:
855:
829:Material World
821:Quentin Cooper
817:
810:
807:
792:James Crowther
741:
738:
717:
716:
714:
713:
706:
699:
691:
688:
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665:
664:
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650:News presenter
647:
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430:New Journalism
427:
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400:Human-interest
397:
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380:Digital/Online
377:
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185:
183:Sensationalism
180:
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165:
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155:
152:code of ethics
145:
135:
127:
126:
118:
117:
76:
75:
45:
43:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3998:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:News agencies
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
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3927:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
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3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:False balance
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:Fourth Estate
3846:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3835:Social impact
3833:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:Press release
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
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3758:
3756:
3755:Investigative
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Fact-checking
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Collaborative
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
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3626:
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3578:
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3568:
3567:Entertainment
3565:
3563:
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3479:Writing style
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3265:Conversazione
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2059:
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2029:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
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1903:
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1736:9781139497251
1732:
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1573:
1572:False balance
1570:
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1563:
1562:
1557:
1546:
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1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
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1518:
1517:Nicholas Wade
1515:
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1500:
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1475:David Quammen
1473:
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1409:Robert Kunzig
1407:
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1314:
1313:Peter Calamai
1311:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:William Broad
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:David Bodanis
1275:
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1268:
1264:
1263:Jules Bergman
1261:
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1246:
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1229:
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1213:
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1204:science books
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1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:false balance
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Naomi Oreskes
1056:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:John Bohannon
1012:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
984:
979:
976:
975:media outlets
971:
966:
963:
960:
956:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
937:
933:
932:peer reviewed
929:
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918:
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904:
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899:
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887:
886:
881:
877:
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870:
867:
865:
854:
850:
847:
843:
839:
836:The aim of a
830:
826:
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669:
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651:
648:
646:
645:Meteorologist
643:
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631:
628:
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623:
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599:News agencies
597:
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535:False balance
532:
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524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
506:Fourth Estate
504:
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499:
498:
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493:Social impact
492:
491:
486:
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478:
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456:
455:Press release
453:
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421:
418:
416:
415:Investigative
413:
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390:Fact-checking
388:
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355:Collaborative
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229:Entertainment
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139:
138:Writing style
136:
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106:
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96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
72:
62:
58:
53:
49:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
3931:TV and radio
3863:Infotainment
3853:Fifth Estate
3750:Interpretive
3700:Comics-based
3450:Photographer
3336:
3327:Science fair
3317:Science Café
3213:the original
3199:
3166:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3091:
3070:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3020:
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2966:
2962:
2952:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2834:
2830:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:The Guardian
2557:
2548:
2537:the original
2523:
2509:cite journal
2497:. Retrieved
2492:
2482:
2474:the original
2469:
2460:
2451:
2441:
2398:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2355:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2326:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
2247:
2244:EMBO Reports
2243:
2233:
2222:, retrieved
2200:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2108:(1): 40–59.
2105:
2101:
2035:
2031:
2004:. Retrieved
1993:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1952:
1930:(1): 55–75.
1927:
1923:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1874:
1865:
1829:
1822:
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:the original
1761:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1604:Open science
1589:
1576:
1564:
1520:
1489:
1458:
1444:Chris Mooney
1436:
1433:Steve Mirsky
1427:
1424:Bob McDonald
1414:Duncan Lunan
1398:
1390:Ben Goldacre
1379:astronomical
1342:
1334:Marcus Chown
1324:Nigel Calder
1318:Toronto Star
1316:
1309:radio series
1304:
1301:Deborah Byrd
1295:
1251:Isaac Asimov
1243:
1189:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1142:
1136:
1132:Open science
1129:
1126:
1106:
1048:
1045:
1025:junk science
1014:
995:impartiality
992:
980:
967:
964:
961:
957:
954:
948:
941:
925:
921:
913:
906:
902:
896:
892:
890:
883:
873:
871:
868:
860:
851:
835:
813:
795:
787:
780:John Tyndall
769:
759:
755:
749:
743:
721:
720:
655:Photographer
589:TV and radio
521:Infotainment
511:Fifth Estate
410:Interpretive
360:Comics-based
258:
104:Science News
102:
79:
66:
57:You can help
47:
3810:Underground
3725:Explanatory
3650:Adversarial
3615:Video games
3572:Environment
3514:Attribution
3509:News values
3504:Objectivity
3435:Copy editor
3161:‹ The
3127:ksj.mit.edu
2499:8 September
2224:16 November
1531:Carl Zimmer
1512:John Timmer
1486:Matt Ridley
1395:Gina Kolata
1257:Philip Ball
1149:shows like
1021:open access
825:BBC Radio 4
802:C. P. Scott
734:journalists
640:Copy editor
470:Underground
385:Explanatory
310:Adversarial
279:Video games
234:Environment
173:Attribution
168:News values
163:Objectivity
69:August 2011
3975:Categories
3916:Newspapers
3908:News media
3873:Media bias
3775:Non-profit
3760:Multimedia
3680:Churnalism
3605:Technology
3519:Defamation
3466:Profession
3399:Journalism
3145:undark.org
2399:The Nation
1699:17 January
1647:References
1594:, magazine
1481:Mary Roach
1232:See also:
1086:contrarian
1040:See also:
983:mass media
928:journalism
917:mass media
756:Digdarshan
751:Digdarshan
730:scientists
574:Newspapers
565:News media
531:Media bias
435:Non-profit
420:Multimedia
340:Churnalism
269:Technology
178:Defamation
115:Journalism
3926:Magazines
3843:Fake news
3765:Narrative
3745:Immersion
3705:Community
3675:Broadcast
3420:Columnist
3062:2297-900X
2861:208176666
2853:2297-900X
2762:143454575
2754:0968-7637
2699:1662-4246
2660:145193488
2652:1075-5470
2605:0277-9536
2264:1469-221X
2179:208176666
2171:2297-900X
2130:197684574
2122:1461-670X
2062:1932-6203
1944:143289969
1875:MC_ONLINE
1857:243084507
1365:Dan Fagin
1303:, of the
1074:acid rain
1036:Criticism
1029:fad diets
1015:In 2015,
815:tensions.
788:The Times
771:The Times
625:Columnist
584:Magazines
501:Fake news
425:Narrative
405:Immersion
365:Community
335:Broadcast
61:talk page
3960:–
3936:Internet
3825:Watchdog
3715:Database
3670:Blogging
3665:Analytic
3655:Advocacy
3592:Politics
3582:Medicine
3557:Business
3163:template
3003:24978481
2963:PLOS ONE
2944:23108561
2936:11874314
2801:19513051
2715:24862730
2707:16113530
2613:16174544
2332:18 March
2282:17330062
2080:31914124
2032:PLOS ONE
1542:See also
1267:ABC News
1151:PBS Nova
1098:evidence
908:HuffPost
898:Politico
818:—
746:almanacs
594:Internet
485:Watchdog
375:Database
330:Blogging
325:Analytic
315:Advocacy
254:Politics
244:Medicine
219:Business
87:Emma Reh
3962:Outline
3805:Tabloid
3780:Opinion
3685:Citizen
3625:Weather
3610:Traffic
3596:Science
3577:Fashion
3499:Culture
3483:Five Ws
3425:Blogger
3165:below (
3109:crj.org
2994:4076259
2971:Bibcode
2273:1808044
2071:6948730
2040:Bibcode
1693:gcu.edu
1673:11 July
1102:testing
740:Origins
726:science
630:Blogger
465:Tabloid
440:Opinion
345:Citizen
289:Weather
274:Traffic
259:Science
239:Fashion
158:Culture
142:Five Ws
3820:Visual
3800:Sensor
3641:Genres
3600:Sports
3489:Ethics
3430:Editor
3182:Curlie
3168:Curlie
3060:
3001:
2991:
2942:
2934:
2859:
2851:
2809:510676
2807:
2799:
2760:
2752:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2658:
2650:
2611:
2603:
2564:6 July
2380:13 May
2280:
2270:
2262:
2215:
2177:
2169:
2155:: 71.
2128:
2120:
2078:
2068:
2060:
2006:10 May
1969:10 May
1942:
1907:10 May
1855:
1845:
1810:
1777:6 July
1733:
1591:MATTER
1381:topics
857:Status
842:jargon
635:Editor
480:Visual
460:Sensor
302:Genres
264:Sports
148:Ethics
99:Oaxaca
59:. The
3815:Video
3785:Peace
3735:Gonzo
3690:Civic
3630:World
3587:Music
3544:Areas
3406:Roles
2940:S2CID
2857:S2CID
2805:S2CID
2758:S2CID
2711:S2CID
2656:S2CID
2540:(PDF)
2533:(PDF)
2352:(PDF)
2306:4 May
2175:S2CID
2126:S2CID
1940:S2CID
1881:4 May
1853:S2CID
1283:style
1200:blogs
1186:Types
1161:Many
1137:Many
905:(now
823:, of
612:Roles
475:Video
445:Peace
395:Gonzo
350:Civic
294:World
249:Music
206:Areas
3710:Data
3562:Data
3552:Arts
3474:News
3058:ISSN
2999:PMID
2932:PMID
2849:ISSN
2797:PMID
2750:ISSN
2703:PMID
2695:ISSN
2648:ISSN
2609:PMID
2601:ISSN
2566:2013
2515:link
2501:2016
2382:2013
2334:2019
2308:2023
2278:PMID
2260:ISSN
2226:2020
2213:ISBN
2167:ISSN
2118:ISSN
2076:PMID
2058:ISSN
2008:2013
1971:2013
1909:2013
1883:2023
1843:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1779:2013
1731:ISBN
1701:2023
1675:2013
1214:and
1145:and
1100:and
1080:and
1060:and
901:and
809:Aims
370:Data
224:Data
214:Arts
133:News
101:for
3620:War
3180:at
3048:doi
2989:PMC
2979:doi
2924:doi
2920:136
2839:doi
2789:doi
2742:doi
2687:doi
2640:doi
2593:doi
2452:Io9
2416:doi
2268:PMC
2252:doi
2205:doi
2157:doi
2110:doi
2066:PMC
2048:doi
1932:doi
1835:doi
1800:doi
1457:of
1078:DDT
1053:by
827:'s
800:by
284:War
97:in
3977::
3198:.
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