57:
17:
146:
2322:
169:
58:
219:) position. It was not uncommon in the 17th and 18th centuries for weaker armies to construct such works in order to protect themselves from a stronger foe. During sieges fortified lines of
63:) is, according to the specialist terminology of German fortification construction, an independent fieldwork that is frequently used in the construction of temporary (not permanent) field
1716:
392:
16:
85:, because in many places in times of war, fieldworks that were only temporarily thrown up were later turned into permanent fortifications.
292:
429:
1532:
2126:
1821:
1941:
1726:
2347:
2151:
1374:
912:
422:
396:
1711:
792:
278:
is open, i.e. the side where the army was encamped or on which their own defences lay, was unfortified.
1307:
402:
1756:
1381:
259:
2253:
1331:
51:
2300:
2075:
1781:
1776:
1696:
1493:
1440:
1410:
1167:
1097:
1041:
618:
415:
267:
196:
118:
2325:
2141:
1731:
1628:
1513:
697:
337:
81:
In everyday German speech, however, it is commonplace to refer to permanent fortifications as
68:
2278:
2116:
1898:
1651:
1388:
1211:
540:
275:
200:
161:
2263:
1791:
1417:
1216:
1182:
582:
464:
320:
211:. If such a defensive line completely enclosed an area on all sides, it was described as a
191:
is an independent fortified work. To block a valley or a pass, however, a line of adjacent
8:
2080:
1816:
1172:
550:
125:
became generally associated with earthworks of all kinds. In modern German military use,
2202:
1811:
1786:
1771:
1766:
1616:
1596:
1393:
954:
821:
565:
2258:
2217:
2192:
2065:
1746:
1586:
1433:
1019:
897:
575:
518:
2232:
2207:
2136:
2060:
1661:
1656:
1591:
1142:
946:
525:
332:
102:
2121:
1973:
1946:
1886:
1856:
1741:
1706:
1686:
1671:
1226:
1221:
1189:
950:
892:
880:
862:
729:
710:
636:
613:
403:
Replica of a hexagonal redoubt at 1:1 scale with a link to the construction diary
228:
224:
2290:
2285:
1951:
1936:
1871:
1861:
1736:
1721:
1621:
1611:
1576:
1450:
1243:
940:
907:
871:
687:
545:
509:
304:
72:
64:
2341:
2295:
2248:
2156:
2146:
2100:
2070:
2055:
2024:
2005:
1866:
1806:
1761:
1676:
1635:
1445:
1078:
1073:
806:
769:
754:
705:
650:
629:
438:
173:
150:
67:. The word is German and has no direct English equivalent, although the word
129:
is still used to mean the construction of smaller earthworks, especially of
2273:
2131:
2095:
2050:
2034:
1962:
1915:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1691:
1508:
1369:
1336:
1201:
1137:
1112:
1024:
998:
966:
960:
902:
841:
811:
659:
316:
286:
2172:
2029:
1998:
1980:
1968:
1910:
1905:
1846:
1841:
1801:
1701:
1666:
1562:
1465:
1236:
1206:
1196:
1102:
991:
608:
555:
145:
130:
799:
23:
in the shape of an enclosed redoubt; here shown as incorporated into a
2197:
2017:
1989:
1920:
1796:
1751:
1681:
1601:
1498:
1403:
1343:
1302:
1280:
1231:
1177:
1127:
1122:
1107:
1066:
1014:
972:
917:
759:
675:
33:
2177:
722:
312:
1606:
1537:
1364:
1359:
1292:
933:
846:
776:
734:
560:
530:
491:
457:
157:
315:
in the north-eastern part of Poland. This military installation was
2090:
2085:
2010:
1851:
1569:
1544:
1527:
1457:
1398:
1326:
1319:
1162:
1050:
924:
744:
739:
715:
643:
623:
603:
570:
271:
180:
2222:
2187:
2182:
1503:
1488:
1472:
1424:
1352:
1297:
1287:
1255:
1157:
1132:
1117:
887:
831:
749:
596:
589:
535:
407:
247:
105:, temporary defensive positions had frequently been built out of
168:
2227:
1581:
1147:
1085:
1029:
1007:
984:
977:
853:
836:
668:
500:
482:
452:
234:
Depending on the layout, a distinction is made between "open" (
106:
254:) with alternating inward and outward facing corners. In open
2268:
2212:
1956:
1481:
1312:
1152:
473:
263:
250:, that only have outward-facing angles, and "star schanzen" (
98:
1250:
1092:
1059:
1034:
826:
816:
785:
764:
137:, "to entrench oneself" in yet another derivative sense.
195:
could be erected, not infrequently connected by a low
133:. From this already derived usage comes the phrase
2339:
319:'s command headquarters from which he commanded
679:
31:is additionally protected in this example by a
1241:
1187:
1005:
851:
179:in the form of a star at the Böllner Eck near
97:derives originally from the fact that, during
1896:
1626:
1455:
1431:
1048:
1039:
996:
720:
516:
507:
423:
121:. As a result, in the 16th century, the verb
2015:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1567:
1542:
1518:
1479:
1470:
1422:
1408:
1379:
1350:
1341:
1317:
1278:
1083:
1064:
982:
931:
922:
878:
869:
860:
797:
783:
774:
657:
634:
666:
648:
594:
580:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
343:
246:. The closed type are further divided into
430:
416:
293:Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest
356:
354:
352:
167:
144:
15:
399:4th edn. 1888 ff., Vol. 14, p. 403
140:
78:, which is cognate to the German word.
2340:
203:. In this case it is referred to as a
411:
349:
50:
281:There is a very extensive system of
1822:Weapons Storage and Security System
289:, elements of which have survived.
13:
437:
274:or even more complex designs, the
14:
2359:
2321:
2320:
386:
258:, which may take the shape of a
117:very often consisted of earthen
367:
1:
1717:British "hedgehog" road block
362:Militärisches Handwörterbuch.
183:, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
88:
397:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
223:were often used as lines of
7:
2127:Cities with defensive walls
1712:Defensive fighting position
1627:
1432:
1242:
1188:
1049:
1040:
1006:
997:
852:
326:
311:) located near the town of
10:
2364:
2311:
2241:
2165:
2109:
2043:
1929:
1834:
1757:Hardened aircraft shelter
1732:Entry control point (ECP)
1644:
1555:
1271:
1264:
696:
445:
27:or "fortified line". The
2254:Continuity of government
344:References and footnotes
2076:Motte-and-bailey castle
1782:Missile launch facility
1777:Main line of resistance
472:
2348:Fortifications by type
2152:Military installations
2016:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1897:
1568:
1543:
1519:
1509:Scarp and Counterscarp
1480:
1471:
1456:
1423:
1409:
1380:
1351:
1342:
1318:
1279:
1084:
1065:
983:
932:
923:
879:
870:
861:
798:
784:
775:
721:
680:
667:
658:
649:
635:
595:
581:
517:
508:
499:
490:
481:
463:
338:Sconce (fortification)
207:– a fortified line of
184:
165:
37:
1921:Floating water castle
1652:Admiralty scaffolding
945:Fortified buildings (
171:
148:
109:, known in German as
19:
2264:Subterranean warfare
1217:Viking ring fortress
375:Herkunftswörterbuch.
321:Operation Barbarossa
215:– a fortified (with
141:As defensive systems
2081:Quadrangular castle
1817:Weapon storage area
1173:Quadrangular castle
1812:Underground hangar
1597:Fire control tower
1394:Gunpowder magazine
822:Butter-churn tower
364:1859, s.v. Schanze
213:verschanztes Lager
185:
166:
156:as a redoubt with
38:
25:verschanzten Linie
2335:
2334:
2259:Military urbanism
2193:Fortified gateway
2066:Concentric castle
1830:
1829:
1747:Fire support base
1587:Coastal artillery
1462:(Spanish America)
1056:
898:Concentric castle
205:verschanzte Linie
52:[ˈʃantsə]
2355:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2208:National redoubt
2137:Fortified estate
2061:Circular rampart
2021:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1902:
1662:Anti-tank trench
1657:Air raid shelter
1632:
1592:Disappearing gun
1573:
1548:
1524:
1485:
1476:
1461:
1437:
1428:
1414:
1385:
1356:
1347:
1323:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1247:
1227:Bailey (or ward)
1193:
1098:Motte-and-bailey
1089:
1070:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1011:
1002:
988:
937:
928:
884:
875:
866:
857:
803:
789:
780:
726:
683:
672:
663:
654:
640:
600:
586:
526:Circular rampart
522:
513:
504:
495:
486:
477:
468:
432:
425:
418:
409:
408:
381:
371:
365:
358:
333:Baroque Schanzen
266:, half-redoubt,
238:) and "closed" (
135:sich verschanzen
103:Late Middle Ages
71:is derived from
62:
61:
60:
54:
49:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2315:
2307:
2237:
2161:
2105:
2039:
1974:Imperial castle
1947:Coercion castle
1942:Coastal defence
1925:
1887:Promontory fort
1857:Hillside castle
1826:
1742:Fallout shelter
1707:Concertina wire
1687:Border security
1640:
1551:
1260:
893:Coercion castle
881:Cheval de frise
863:Chemin de ronde
711:Albarrana tower
692:
637:Schwedenschanze
614:Promontory fort
441:
436:
389:
384:
372:
368:
359:
350:
346:
329:
299:Another famous
229:circumvallation
225:contravallation
143:
91:
56:
55:
47:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2291:Trench warfare
2288:
2286:Tunnel warfare
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:Fortifications
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:Counter-castle
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Border barrier
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Lowland castle
1869:
1864:
1862:Hilltop castle
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Electric fence
1734:
1729:
1727:Dragon's teeth
1724:
1722:Czech hedgehog
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1636:Wire obstacles
1633:
1624:
1622:Polygonal fort
1619:
1614:
1612:Martello tower
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1577:Border outpost
1574:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1451:Polygonal fort
1448:
1443:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1003:
994:
989:
980:
975:
970:
963:
958:
943:
941:Flanking tower
938:
929:
920:
915:
910:
908:Counter-castle
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
795:
790:
781:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
718:
713:
708:
702:
700:
698:Post-classical
694:
693:
691:
690:
688:Vitrified fort
685:
673:
664:
655:
646:
641:
632:
627:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
592:
587:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
546:Defensive wall
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
514:
505:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
455:
449:
447:
443:
442:
439:Fortifications
435:
434:
427:
420:
412:
406:
405:
400:
388:
385:
383:
382:
366:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
335:
328:
325:
142:
139:
90:
87:
65:fortifications
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:Urban warfare
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Civil defense
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Bastion forts
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2101:Z-plan castle
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:L-plan castle
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Bridge castle
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Refuge castle
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Military base
2004:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Hunting lodge
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Moated castle
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Island castle
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:By topography
1833:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Submarine pen
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Hesco bastion
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Blast shelter
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Place-of-arms
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
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113:. Later such
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2319:
2274:Siege engine
2242:Other topics
2166:Related word
2132:Defense line
2096:Tower castle
2051:Bastion fort
2035:Urban castle
1963:Ganerbenburg
1961:
1916:Water castle
1892:Ridge castle
1877:Marsh castle
1692:Bomb shelter
1672:Belgian gate
1645:20th century
1556:19th century
1520:
1494:Retrenchment
1466:Punji sticks
1375:Entrenchment
1370:Device Forts
1337:Counterguard
1272:Early modern
1202:Tower castle
1138:Powder tower
1113:Outer bailey
1025:Inner bailey
999:Gulyay-gorod
967:Ganerbenburg
965:
961:Fujian tulou
903:Corner tower
842:Chamber gate
812:Bridge tower
660:Trou de loup
378:
374:
369:
361:
317:Adolf Hitler
309:Wolfsschanze
308:
300:
298:
290:
287:Black Forest
282:
280:
255:
251:
243:
240:geschlossene
239:
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192:
188:
187:As a rule a
186:
175:
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114:
110:
94:
92:
82:
80:
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42:
41:
39:
32:
28:
24:
20:
2173:Castle town
2030:Toll castle
1999:Lustschloss
1981:Kaiserpfalz
1911:Spur castle
1906:Rock castle
1847:Hill castle
1842:Cave castle
1802:Spider hole
1702:Bremer wall
1667:Barbed tape
1563:Barbed wire
1237:Witch tower
1207:Tower house
1197:Toll castle
1183:Shield wall
1103:Murder hole
992:Guard tower
609:Pincer gate
556:Faussebraye
305:Wolf's Lair
111:Schanzkörbe
2198:Gatekeeper
2018:Ordensburg
1990:Landesburg
1797:Sentry gun
1752:Flak tower
1682:Blast wall
1602:Gun turret
1499:Sally port
1404:Kotta mara
1344:Couvreface
1308:Breastwork
1303:Blockhouse
1281:Abwurfdach
1232:Watchtower
1222:Wall tower
1178:Shell keep
1128:Portcullis
1123:Peel tower
1108:Neck ditch
1067:Landesburg
1015:Half tower
973:Gate tower
918:Drawbridge
760:Battlement
676:Wagon fort
519:Chengqiang
313:Rastenburg
89:Derivation
34:couvreface
2301:Guerrilla
2044:By design
1792:Revetment
1607:Land mine
1538:Star fort
1365:Crownwork
1360:Covertway
1293:Barricade
934:Embrasure
847:Chartaque
777:Bergfried
735:Arrowslit
561:Gatehouse
531:City gate
492:Castellum
458:Acropolis
172:Original
158:chartaque
93:The word
2342:Category
2326:Category
2316:See also
2203:Loophole
2091:Ringwork
2086:Ringfort
2011:Obstacle
1852:Hillfort
1772:Loophole
1570:Barbette
1545:Tenaille
1528:Sea fort
1458:Presidio
1418:Magazine
1399:Hornwork
1332:Cavalier
1327:Casemate
1320:Caponier
1163:Ringwork
1051:Detinets
1020:Hoarding
925:Enceinte
800:Bretèche
745:Bartizan
740:Barbican
716:Alcazaba
644:Stockade
624:Ringfort
604:Palisade
576:Landwehr
571:Hillfort
360:Rüstow:
327:See also
283:schanzen
272:hornwork
256:schanzen
248:redoubts
244:schanzen
221:schanzen
217:schanzen
209:schanzen
193:schanzen
181:Neuenweg
174:Baroque
162:Gersbach
151:Baroque
127:Schanzen
123:schanzen
119:ramparts
115:Schanzen
83:Schanzen
21:Schanzen
2233:Vedette
2223:Schloss
2188:Festung
2183:Dungeon
2178:Château
2122:Castles
1930:By role
1787:Pillbox
1617:Outpost
1533:Station
1521:Schanze
1504:Sandbag
1489:Redoubt
1473:Ravelin
1441:Palanka
1425:Orillon
1411:Lunette
1353:Coupure
1298:Bastion
1288:Arsenal
1256:Zwinger
1168:Roundel
1158:Ricetto
1133:Postern
1118:Outwork
1042:Kremlin
913:Curtain
888:Citadel
872:Chemise
832:Caltrop
750:Bastion
723:Alcázar
619:Rampart
597:Oppidum
590:Nuraghe
536:Crannog
510:Castros
446:Ancient
393:Schanze
379:Schanze
373:Duden:
303:is the
301:schanze
285:in the
268:lunette
197:rampart
189:schanze
176:schanze
153:schanze
107:gabions
101:in the
95:Schanze
48:German:
43:schanze
29:schanze
2228:Trench
2218:Picket
1629:Sangar
1582:Bunker
1514:Sconce
1434:Ostrog
1382:Flèche
1265:Modern
1244:Yagura
1212:Turret
1148:Reduit
1086:Merlon
1030:Kasbah
1008:Gusuku
985:Glacis
978:Gabion
947:church
854:Chashi
837:Castle
681:Laager
669:Vallum
626:(Rath)
501:Castra
483:Burgus
453:Abatis
377:under
260:flèche
236:offene
99:sieges
76:schans
69:sconce
2269:Siege
2213:Palas
2157:Walls
2147:Forts
2110:Lists
1957:Fence
1899:Rocca
1767:Kabal
1482:Redan
1389:Gorge
1313:Canal
1190:Shiro
1153:Ribat
1143:Qalat
955:Dzong
951:house
651:Sudis
583:Limes
541:Ditch
474:Broch
465:Agger
276:gorge
264:redan
201:ditch
73:Dutch
2279:list
1697:Buoy
1251:Yett
1093:Moat
1060:Ksar
1035:Keep
827:Caer
817:Burh
793:Boom
786:Berm
765:Bawn
730:Amba
566:Gord
291:See
227:or
199:and
551:Dun
395:in
160:in
2344::
2318::
953:,
949:,
351:^
323:.
270:,
262:,
242:)
231:.
40:A
1055:)
1047:(
957:)
684:)
678:(
431:e
424:t
417:v
307:(
295:.
164:.
46:(
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