385:
removing the latch or locking bolt. When through the door, the shot or sintered metal disperses quickly, and because it was aimed downwards, the risk of harming occupants on the other side of the breached door is minimized. Breaching guns used by police and the military may have barrels as short as 10 inches (25 cm), and they often have only a pistol grip rather than a full butt stock. Some models use a special cup-like muzzle extension to further minimize the risk of debris injuring the shooter. Because few rounds are fired, any sporting shotgun with a 3-round capacity could be shortened and used as a capable breaching shotgun.
344:. These muzzle-loaded weapons were used primarily for close-range combat and to supplement the availability of more traditional short-range weapons such as the saber or carbine. The availability of the source weapons and the ability to use a single ball, shot, or a mix of both as the situation required were reasons why they were initially desired by those establishing Confederate cavalry units. They were replaced over time as more conventional arms became available and as the tactical use of cavalry shifted towards use as mounted infantry.
333:
348:
38:
394:
center of gravity of the firearm away from the body and give it an ergonomic heft, and in order for the barrel to extend out into the shooter's field of vision right up to the target, as well as to make the weapon safer, as it is difficult to inadvertently point a long gun at one's own body. The pattern is primarily affected by the type of cartridge fired and the
94:. Barrels can be manufactured at shorter lengths as an alternative to traditional, longer barrels. This makes them easier to transport and conceal due to their smaller profile and lighter weight. The design also makes the weapon more portable when maneuvering in confined spaces and for that reason law enforcement and military personnel find it useful in
131:
although they had previously been sold. To abide by NFA regulations, anyone may complete a Form 1 "making" form, and purchase and have approved the US$ 200 tax stamp for the shotgun in question, in order to legally reduce its barrel length to less than 18 inches by cutting the barrel or replacing it with a shorter one.
312:
shotguns are not illegal under federal law, and require no tax-stamped permit, although they may be illegal under state law. As with all NFA regulated firearms, a new tax stamp must be purchased before every transfer. Inter-state transfers must be facilitated through a
Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL)
244:
signed the federal law No. 150, which entered into force on 1 July 1997. In accordance with this law, possession of any firearm with a barrel length of less than 500 mm and an overall length of less than 800 mm (incl. sawn-off rifles and sawn-off shotguns) was prohibited. As a result, since
202:
Short-barrelled, manually operated shotguns (non-semi-automatics) are non-restricted as long as the barrel remains unmodified from the original factory length. There is no legal minimum for shotgun barrels as long as they are not handguns; shotguns with barrels as short as 8.5 inches are available in
130:
Many jurisdictions have a minimum legal length for shotgun barrels to make these more concealable shotguns unavailable for criminal purposes. Many gun makers in the U.S. have not offered sawn-off shotguns to the public since 1934, when shotguns with barrel lengths of under 18 inches were restricted,
401:
The primary reason that the pattern is altered is because cutting off the end of the barrel removes the choke, which generally only extends about two inches (5.1 cm) inward from the muzzle. This results in a cylinder bore, which causes the widest spread generally found in shotgun barrels (see
393:
It is a common misconception that shortening the length of a shotgun barrel itself significantly affects the pattern or spread of the pellets; this only becomes true when the barrel is reduced to less than 50% of a typical length. A standard-length barrel (e.g. 30 inches ) is this long to move the
384:
round will also work. A shotgun is used for breaching by placing the gun next to a door lock (0 to 2 inches away, 0 to 5 cm), and firing at a 45 degrees downward angle through the door between the lock or latch and the door frame. The impact of the projectile(s) opens a hole through the door,
509:
shotgun by cutting the barrel down to the same length as the magazine tube, and shortening the stock by 5 to 6 inches (125 to 150 mm) to make it more concealable. A small, 10–12-inch (250–300 mm) strap was attached to both ends of the butt of the gun, and was looped around his shoulder,
278:
Changing the length of the barrel of a firearm was not prohibited. It was possible to buy, sell or own old smooth-bore hunting shotguns with already shortened barrels (if the barrel length is at least 500 mm). Owners were allowed to shorten the buttstock or barrel of their hunting shotgun or
222:
In
Germany, the possession of a sawn-off shotgun is legal with a firearms license (Waffenbesitzkarte), just like any other firearm. Restrictions only apply to pump-action shotguns, which require a minimum barrel length of 45 cm and a minimum overall length of 90 cm to be legal. Other
257:
Within the United
Kingdom, side by side, over-under, bolt-action and lever-action shotguns are required to conform to the specification of a 24-inch minimum barrel length if held on a shotgun certificate. If held on a firearms certificate, the applicant having demonstrated 'good reason' for
114:
Compared to a standard shotgun, the sawn-off shotgun has a shorter effective range, due to a lower muzzle velocity; however, its reduced length makes it easier to maneuver and conceal. Powerful and compact, the weapon is especially suitable for use in small spaces, such as
358:
In modern usage, minimum length and barrel length restrictions only apply to civilian use; military and police departments may issue short-barrelled shotguns, and major manufacturers offer special models with barrels in the range of 10 to 14 inches (25 to 36 cm) as
367:
for use in areas with restricted space. These are generally referred to as "entry shotguns", because they are often used for forcing entry into buildings, where the short easy handling is more important than the increased ammunition capacity of a longer shotgun.
510:
concealing the gun between his arm and chest under his jacket in the manner of a shoulder holster. The gun was drawn up quickly and fired from the shoulder under which it was carried. Barrow dubbed it the "Whippit", as he was able to "whip it" out easily.
269:
Muzzleloading firearms held on firearms certificates are exempt from any restrictions on barrel and overall length. A smoothbore muzzleloader held on a shotgun certificate would be subject to the standard 24-inch minimum barrel length specification.
157:
attached to the underside of the barrel which limits the practical minimum barrel length to about the length of the magazine tube, unless it also is modified, technically much more challenging than shortening the barrel. Repeating-fire shotguns with
105:
In the 1930s, the United States, United
Kingdom and Canada mandated that a permit be required to own these firearms. They are subject to legal restrictions depending upon jurisdiction. They are used by military forces and police agencies worldwide.
193:
a shotgun may not have its barrel shortened so as to change the category under which that shotgun would be classified. In some states, any alteration to the length of the barrel requires permission from the Chief
Commissioner of Police.
261:
Shotguns held on a shotgun certificate must either have no magazine, or a non-removable magazine capable of holding no more than two rounds. Shotguns held on firearms certificates are not subject to any magazine restrictions.
231:
Shortening the barrel of a shotgun or rifle results in a presumptive five-year minimum sentence of imprisonment upon conviction for a first offence, and a mandatory five-year sentence for second or subsequent offences.
279:
rifle if they do it in a gun workshop. It was allowed to re-equip shotguns with pistol grip and detachable buttstock. Firearms with a barrel length of less than 500 mm were illegal and had to be confiscated.
162:
do not lose shell capacity when sawn off, but they are far less common than those with tubular magazines. Shotguns manufactured with barrels under the legal minimum length frequently fall into special categories.
265:
Semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns, whether held on shotgun or firearms certificates, are always required to comply with the specification of 24-inch minimum barrel length, 40-inch minimum overall length.
324:. In order to convert an existing shoulder-stocked shotgun to a short-barrelled shotgun or an existing pistol-grip-only shotgun to an "Any Other Weapon", a private citizen must pay the standard $ 200 NFA tax.
295:
shotgun (a shotgun with a barrel length shorter than 18 inches (46 cm) or a minimum overall length of the weapon, total, including the 18-inch minimum barrel, of under 26 inches (66 cm)) (under
149:
The term is often applied to illegal weapons that are created by cutting off the barrel of a standard shotgun. The barrel of a shotgun without a tube magazine can be cut to any length; pump-action or
223:
shotguns may be of any length. If the barrel length is less than 30 cm or the overall length is less than 60 cm, the firearm is considered a handgun, and treated accordingly under the law.
304:, requiring a background check and either a $ 200 or $ 5 tax for every transfer, depending upon the specific manufacturing circumstances of the particular sawn-off modern shotgun being transferred.
206:
The act of reducing the length of the barrel of a shotgun to less than 457 mm (18 inches) by sawing, cutting, or "otherwise", by anyone other than a recognized gun manufacturer, is prohibited.
749:
321:
214:
Short-barrelled shotguns are universally category B weapons and therefore require a shall-issue permit and Gun license (zbrojní průkaz), including the self defense category.
177:
Many nations have placed legal restrictions on sawn-off shotguns. The following are the restrictions for specific nations. Although not listed here, they are also subject to
258:
possession, they must comply with the standard configuration of 12-inch minimum barrel length, 24-inch minimum overall length, in common with other
Section 1 firearms.
900:
316:
In the US, shotguns originally manufactured without shoulder stocks (and thus not legally shotguns), with a total length under 26 inches, are classified as an "
301:
942:
768:
918:"Pellet Patterns Fired by Sawed-Off Shotguns," Journal of Forensic Sciences, JFSCA, Vol. 30, No. 1, January 1985, pp. 137-149. doi: 10.1520/JFS10974J
730:
1059:
1001:
498:
during and shortly after the 1960s, and it is this use that most people associate with the weapon that is used in such a way to rob a bank.
746:
478:
The light weight of short-barrelled shotguns, particularly in configurations that lack substantial stocks, leads some users to use short "
706:
1023:
917:
857:И. Ефремов (ВНИИ МВД СССР). Когда же ружьё перестаёт быть ружьём? // журнал «Охота и охотничье хозяйство», № 3, 1988. стр.28-31
414:
for other relevant information). However, many qualified gunsmiths can re-tap and reinstall the choke in the shortened barrel.
336:
This short-barrelled shotgun was manufactured with a reduced-length barrel, rather than being modified after its manufacture.
584:
897:
851:
839:
818:
1064:
556:
has led to "sawed-off" or "sawn-off" being used sometimes colloquially as "small or stripped version of"; such as the
984:
643:
785:
802:
340:
Historical military use of sawn-off shotguns includes use as a primary weapon for
Confederate cavalry during the
527:
178:
172:
699:"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives' National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record"
523:
922:
765:
308:
have become an increasingly popular means of registering SBSs with the BATFE. Short-barrelled muzzleloading
320:" by the BATFE and have a $ 5 transfer tax, if they are manufactured by a maker possessing the appropriate
876:
727:
142:
are more costly or difficult to obtain, criminals can convert legally purchased or stolen shotguns into
124:
1069:
921:
Moreau, Terry S.; Nickels, Marvin L.; Wray, Jack L.; Bottemiller, Kenneth W.; Rowe, Walter F. (1985).
1009:
143:
557:
541:
154:
246:
150:
625:
354:
Entry – features a 14-inch barrel and is classified as a short-barrelled shotgun in the U.S.A.
90:. Despite the colloquial term, barrels do not, strictly speaking, have to be shortened with a
599:
288:
116:
95:
840:Е. Стайченко. Опыт подгонки ружья // журнал «Охота и охотничье хозяйство», № 7, 1972. стр.24
190:
135:
698:
8:
534:
552:
Familiarity with descriptions and images of sawed-off shotguns via crime reports in the
657:
649:
594:
589:
544:
in the months prior to conceal it under their duster coats on the day of the massacre.
341:
249:
and they had to be handed over to government law enforcement agencies for destruction.
976:
969:
381:
1054:
980:
661:
653:
639:
479:
119:
in a military context. Military vehicle crews use short-barrelled combat shotguns as
520:
standoff, agreed to sell two sawed-off shotguns to an undercover ATF agent in 1989.
411:
934:
685:
631:
604:
574:
423:
403:
395:
317:
297:
292:
245:
1 July 1997, sawn-off shotguns and sawn-off rifles were banned on the territory of
120:
99:
87:
904:
772:
753:
734:
433:
369:
916:
Moreau, T. S., Nickels, M. L., Wray, J. L, Bottemiller, K. W., and Rowe, W. F.,
964:
472:
364:
1024:"Agents Deny Weaver Was Set Up Feds Say Separatist Brought Trouble On Himself"
814:
372:
provide another use for very short shotguns. These rounds are usually made of
332:
1048:
579:
495:
464:
407:
241:
971:
One
Perfect Op: an Insider's Account of the Navy Seal Special Warfare Teams
553:
513:
506:
502:
451:, where it is seen as a weapon of authority and prestige, it is known as a
360:
159:
635:
789:
538:
531:
448:
83:
291:(NFA), it is illegal for a private citizen to possess a sawn-off modern
98:
scenarios. As a result of the shorter barrel length, any shotgun with a
517:
494:
are not easily obtainable, the sawn-off shotgun was a common weapon in
460:
351:
79:
30:
23:
938:
347:
569:
444:
373:
309:
305:
853:Ружья со стволами менее 500 мм не регистрируются, считаются обрезами
447:
to protect their vineyards and flocks of animals. In rural areas of
398:, or constriction normally found at the muzzle of a shotgun barrel.
377:
491:
490:
In the United
Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, where
482:" with lower shot and powder loading for comfortable casual use.
468:
440:
139:
75:
41:
A sawed-off break-action shotgun of the type commonly known as a
82:—typically under 18 inches (46 cm)—and often a
437:
428:
43:
803:Федеральный закон № 150-ФЗ от 13 декабря 1996 года "Об оружии"
322:
Class 2 Special
Occupational Taxpayer Federal Firearms License
868:
456:
22:"Boomstick" redirects here. For the scuba diving weapon, see
920:
455:, literally meaning "two pipes". It is especially common in
240:
On 13 December 1996, president of the Russian Federation
91:
37:
627:
Arming and Disarming: A History of Gun Control in Canada
123:. In urban combat zones, military entry teams often use
313:
while intrastate transfers may be between two persons.
302:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1002:"The .72 magnum: the ultimate crew-served handgun"
968:
705:. United States Department of Justice. June 2007.
432:("wolf-shot") in Italy and, while associated with
422:A sawn-off shotgun with exposed, manually cocked
1046:
388:
102:will have a reduction in its magazine capacity.
788:. National Firearms Association. Archived from
963:
623:
406:for more information on the impact of chokes,
923:"Pellet Patterns Fired by Sawed-Off Shotguns"
703:Evaluation and Inspections Report I-2007-006
300:), without a tax-paid registration from the
999:
327:
138:of a standard shotgun. In countries where
134:A sawn-off shotgun is often an unofficial
747:DA GRIZZLY 12GA 8.5" SHOTGUN W/BEAD SIGHT
346:
331:
36:
1060:Western (genre) staples and terminology
675:
673:
671:
410:for information on spreader loads, and
1047:
907:; "ATF National Firearms Act Handbook"
786:"The Lupara or Short Barreled Shotgun"
728:Firearms Act 1996, Victoria, Australia
709:from the original on 15 September 2008
127:when breaching and entering doorways.
879:from the original on 19 February 2015
166:
821:from the original on 18 October 2014
668:
585:M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System
691:
630:. U of Toronto Press. p. 149.
13:
14:
1081:
945:from the original on 19 June 2015
252:
209:
426:and dual triggers is known as a
282:
1016:
1000:Will Dabbs (July–August 2004),
993:
957:
910:
891:
861:
844:
833:
756:; retrieved from canadaammo.com
547:
485:
417:
807:
796:
778:
775:; retrieved from dlaskarms.com
759:
740:
721:
617:
528:Columbine High School massacre
516:, a central actor in the 1992
179:laws governing guns in general
173:Overview of gun laws by nation
109:
1:
975:. New York: Morrow. pp.
610:
524:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
389:Barrel length and shot spread
376:powdered metal, but a normal
86:instead of a longer shoulder
927:Journal of Forensic Sciences
184:
7:
898:"Transfers of NFA Firearms"
563:
10:
1086:
526:, the perpetrators of the
412:details on shot patterning
226:
217:
170:
20:
1065:Guns of the American West
766:Remington 870 Shorty 8.5"
501:The American bank robber
436:, was originally used by
235:
197:
733:12 November 2012 at the
153:shotguns usually have a
29:Not to be confused with
624:R. Blake Brown (2012).
328:Police and military use
273:
64:short-barrelled shotgun
771:18 August 2016 at the
686:26 U.S.C. 5845
558:Sawn-Off Daimler (SOD)
355:
337:
247:the Russian Federation
47:
737:Accessed 4 March 2009
654:10.3138/9781442665590
636:10.3138/9781442665590
600:Short-barrelled rifle
542:double barrel shotgun
530:, had sawn off their
350:
335:
289:National Firearms Act
117:close-quarters combat
96:close-quarters combat
40:
1012:on 19 September 2008
792:on 19 February 2009.
1006:American Handgunner
815:"Firearms Act 1968"
535:pump action shotgun
144:concealable weapons
967:; Dockery (2002).
903:2 May 2017 at the
873:secureguntrust.com
869:"Secure Gun Trust"
752:7 May 2018 at the
595:Serbu Super-Shorty
590:Marble Game Getter
356:
342:American Civil War
338:
167:Legal restrictions
48:
1070:Hunting equipment
1028:www.spokesman.com
939:10.1520/JFS10974J
575:H&R Handy-Gun
121:ancillary weapons
52:sawed-off shotgun
1077:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1008:, archived from
997:
991:
990:
974:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
914:
908:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
865:
859:
848:
842:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
805:
800:
794:
793:
782:
776:
763:
757:
744:
738:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
695:
689:
683:
677:
666:
665:
621:
605:Title II weapons
370:Breaching rounds
318:Any Other Weapon
293:smokeless powder
189:In the state of
100:tubular magazine
60:sawn-off shotgun
34:
27:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
998:
994:
987:
965:Chalker, Dennis
962:
958:
948:
946:
915:
911:
905:Wayback Machine
896:
892:
882:
880:
867:
866:
862:
856:
849:
845:
838:
834:
824:
822:
813:
812:
808:
801:
797:
784:
783:
779:
773:Wayback Machine
764:
760:
754:Wayback Machine
745:
741:
735:Wayback Machine
726:
722:
712:
710:
697:
696:
692:
679:
678:
669:
646:
622:
618:
613:
566:
550:
532:Savage Arms 67H
496:armed robberies
488:
434:organized crime
420:
391:
365:combat shotguns
330:
298:U.S.C. Title II
285:
276:
255:
238:
229:
220:
212:
200:
187:
175:
169:
112:
78:with a shorter
74:) is a type of
54:(also called a
35:
28:
21:
19:
18:Type of shotgun
12:
11:
5:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1041:
1040:
1015:
992:
985:
956:
909:
890:
860:
843:
832:
806:
795:
777:
758:
739:
720:
690:
667:
644:
615:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
565:
562:
549:
546:
487:
484:
419:
416:
390:
387:
329:
326:
284:
281:
275:
272:
254:
253:United Kingdom
251:
237:
234:
228:
225:
219:
216:
211:
210:Czech Republic
208:
199:
196:
186:
183:
168:
165:
151:semi-automatic
125:entry shotguns
111:
108:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1082:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
988:
986:0-671-02465-5
982:
978:
973:
972:
966:
960:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
913:
906:
902:
899:
894:
878:
874:
870:
864:
858:
854:
847:
841:
836:
820:
816:
810:
804:
799:
791:
787:
781:
774:
770:
767:
762:
755:
751:
748:
743:
736:
732:
729:
724:
708:
704:
700:
694:
687:
682:
676:
674:
672:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
645:9781442646391
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
620:
616:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:KAC Masterkey
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
561:
559:
555:
545:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
508:
505:modified his
504:
499:
497:
493:
483:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
465:Uttar Pradesh
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
430:
425:
415:
413:
409:
408:shotgun shell
405:
399:
397:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
362:
361:riot shotguns
353:
349:
345:
343:
334:
325:
323:
319:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
290:
283:United States
280:
271:
267:
263:
259:
250:
248:
243:
242:B. N. Yeltsin
233:
224:
215:
207:
204:
195:
192:
182:
180:
174:
164:
161:
160:box magazines
156:
155:tube magazine
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
45:
39:
32:
25:
16:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1010:the original
1005:
995:
970:
959:
947:. Retrieved
930:
926:
912:
893:
881:. Retrieved
872:
863:
852:
846:
835:
823:. Retrieved
809:
798:
790:the original
780:
761:
742:
723:
713:10 September
711:. Retrieved
702:
693:
688: (1973).
680:
626:
619:
554:public media
551:
548:Derived uses
539:Stevens 311D
522:
514:Randy Weaver
512:
507:Browning A-5
503:Clyde Barrow
500:
489:
486:Criminal use
477:
452:
427:
421:
418:Civilian use
400:
392:
357:
339:
315:
286:
277:
268:
264:
260:
256:
239:
230:
221:
213:
205:
201:
188:
176:
148:
136:modification
133:
129:
113:
104:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
42:
15:
883:20 February
449:North India
310:blackpowder
110:Description
84:pistol grip
1049:Categories
1033:3 November
933:: 10974J.
681:US Code 26
611:References
518:Ruby Ridge
480:minishells
461:Purvanchal
352:Fabarm FP6
306:Gun trusts
287:Under the
171:See also:
80:gun barrel
72:boom stick
56:scattergun
31:Broomstick
24:Bang stick
825:3 October
662:106987240
570:Coach gun
445:shepherds
382:bird shot
185:Australia
1055:Shotguns
943:Archived
901:Archived
877:Archived
819:Archived
769:Archived
750:Archived
731:Archived
707:Archived
564:See also
492:handguns
438:Sicilian
378:buckshot
374:sintered
203:Canada.
191:Victoria
140:handguns
949:19 June
469:Haryana
441:farmers
424:hammers
227:Ireland
218:Germany
76:shotgun
983:
684:,
660:
652:
642:
473:Punjab
453:dunali
429:lupara
236:Russia
198:Canada
68:shorty
44:lupara
658:S2CID
650:JSTOR
457:Bihar
404:choke
396:choke
88:stock
70:, or
1035:2023
981:ISBN
951:2015
885:2015
827:2014
715:2008
640:ISBN
537:and
471:and
443:and
274:USSR
977:251
935:doi
632:doi
380:or
363:or
92:saw
1051::
1026:.
1004:,
979:.
941:.
931:30
929:.
925:.
875:.
871:.
817:.
701:.
670:^
656:.
648:.
638:.
560:.
475:.
467:,
463:,
459:,
181:.
146:.
66:,
62:,
58:,
50:A
1037:.
989:.
953:.
937::
887:.
855:"
850:"
829:.
717:.
664:.
634::
33:.
26:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
