991:
Muzzle-loading cannon are similarly exempt since the law makes no distinction about the size of muzzle-loading weapons. Thus it is legal for a civilian to build muzzle-loading rifles, pistols, cannon, and mortars with no paperwork. However, ammunition for these weapons can still be classified as destructive devices themselves, such as explosive shells. While an 'antique firearm' is not considered a 'firearm' under the NFA, some states (such as Oregon) have laws that specifically prohibit anyone that could not otherwise own/obtain an GCA or NFA defined 'firearm' (i.e., felons, recipients of dishonorable discharge from military service, the mentally adjudicated, etc.) from owning/obtaining an 'antique firearm'.
27:
391:
1111:
tax-free, must be approved by ATF. The proper form should be submitted to ATF before the transfer occurs. For example, lawful heirs must submit a Form 5 and wait for approval before taking possession of any NFA item willed to them. Temporary transfers, such as those to a gunsmith or to the original manufacturer for repair, are not subject to ATF approval since they are not legally considered transfers. ATF does, however, recommend filing tax-free transfer paperwork on all such temporary transfers, to confer an extra layer of legal protection on both the owner and the gunsmith.
967:
manufacturer (a FFL holder licensed to manufacture firearms or Type-07 license that has paid a
Special Occupational Tax Stamp or SOT) could manufacture machine guns after that date, and they can only be sold to government, law-enforcement, and military entities. Transfer can only be done to other SOT FFL-holders, and such FFL-holders must have a "demonstration letter" from a respective government agency to receive such machine guns. Falsification and/or misuse of the "demo-letter" process can and has resulted in long jail sentences and felony convictions for violators.
1239:
responsible person is defined as "any grantor, trustee, beneficiary, ... who possesses, directly or indirectly, the power or authority under any trust instrument, ... to receive, possess, ship, transport, deliver, transfer, or otherwise dispose of a firearm for, or on behalf of, the entity." ATF finalized the rule on
January 15, 2016, to become effective 180 days later. The previous requirement for "chief law enforcement officer" approval was eliminated, while all responsible people for a trust must now comply with the same restrictions as individual owners.
779:"any weapon which shoots, is designed to shoot, or can be readily restored to shoot, automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger. The term shall also include the frame or receiver of any such weapon, any part designed and intended solely and exclusively, or combination of parts designed and intended, for use in converting a weapon into a machinegun, and any combination of parts from which a machinegun can be assembled if such parts are in the possession or under the control of a person."
932:
manufacturer, FFL gunsmith, or by the registered owner without being subjected to new registration as long as the serial number and the dimension (caliber) are maintained. The length may be reduced in repair, but cannot be increased. Increasing the length is considered as making a new silencer. "Suppressor" is the term used within the trade/industry literature while the term "silencer" is the commonly used term that appears in the actual wording of the NFA. The terms are often used interchangeably depending on the source quoted.
1069:(or other legal entities such as a trust). When the paperwork to request transfer of an NFA item is initiated by an officer of a corporation, fingerprint cards and photographs of the official need to be submitted with the transfer request. This method has downsides, since it is the corporation (and not the principal) that owns the firearm. Thus, if the corporation dissolves, it must transfer its NFA weapon to the owners. This event would be considered a new transfer and would be subject to a new transfer tax.
593:
1277:). No brief was filed on behalf of the defendants, and the defendants themselves did not appear before the Supreme Court. Miller himself had been murdered one month prior to the Supreme Court's decision. No evidence that such a firearm was "ordinary military equipment" had been presented at the trial court (apparently because the case had been thrown out—at the defendants' request—before evidence could be presented), although two Supreme Court justices at the time had been
1201:
1073:
1234:(also known as a gun trust, Title II trust, ATF trust, or Class 3 trust) is a legal trust that is used in the United States to register and own NFA firearms. Under regulations, use of a trust allows prospective purchasers of NFA items to avoid some of the federal transfer requirements that would otherwise be imposed on an individual. Like other trusts, it allows for
1260:. The defendant Miller had been arrested for possession of an unregistered short double-barreled shotgun, and for "unlawfully ... transporting in interstate commerce from Claremore, Oklahoma to Siloam Springs, Arkansas" which perfected the crime. The government's argument was that the short barreled shotgun was not a military-type weapon and thus not a "
896:) designed or redesigned to fire a fixed shotgun shell. While the above weapons are similar in appearance to weapons made from shotguns, they were originally manufactured in the described configuration rather than modified from existing shotguns. As a result, such weapons do not fit within the definition of shotgun or weapons made from a shotgun.
1120:
NFA; receiving or possessing a firearm made in violation of the NFA; receiving or possessing a firearm not registered to oneself in the
National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record; transferring or making a firearm in violation of the NFA; or obliterating, removing, changing, or altering the serial number of the firearm.
1171:
which implemented a "sporting" clause. Only firearms judged by ATF to have feasible sporting applications can be imported for civilian use. Licensed manufacturers of NFA firearms may still, with the proper paperwork, import foreign NFA firearms for research and development purposes, or for government
1128:
Violations of the Act are punishable by up to 10 years in federal prison and forfeiture of all devices or firearms in violation, and the individual's right to own or possess firearms in the future. The Act provides for a penalty of $ 10,000 for certain violations. A willful attempt to evade or defeat
741:
The term "firearm" means a shotgun or rifle having a barrel of less than eighteen inches in length, or any other weapon, except a pistol or revolver, from which a shot is discharged by an explosive if such weapon is capable of being concealed on the person, or a machine gun, and includes a muffler or
1119:
The Act makes certain conduct a criminal offense, in relation to engaging in business as a manufacturer, importer, or dealer with respect to (NFA) firearms without having registered or paid a
Special Occupational Tax (SOT); receiving or possessing a firearm transferred to oneself in violation of the
922:
sporting firearm, had "legitimate use" and did not deserve the stigma of a "gangster weapon" and reduced the $ 200 tax to one dollar for the Game Getter. In 1960 Congress changed the transfer tax for all AOW category firearms to $ 5. The transfer tax for machine guns, silencers, SBR and SBS remained
790:
Includes any firearm with a buttstock and either a rifled barrel less than 16" long or an overall length under 26". The overall length is measured with any folding or collapsing stocks in the extended position. The category also includes firearms which came from the factory with a buttstock that was
1238:
in inheriting firearms. In 2013, ATF proposed new rules, often referred to as ATF Proposed Rule 41p, which, if adopted, would require all "responsible persons" of an entity being used to purchase NFA items to comply with the same procedures as individuals in obtaining NFA items. In an NFA trust, a
1196:
submachine guns can still be purchased for around $ 8,000. Machine guns manufactured after the FOPA's enactment can be sold only to law enforcement and government agencies, exported, or held as inventory or "dealer samples" by licensed manufacturers and dealers. Machine guns made after 1986 for law
1110:
In a number of situations, an NFA item may be transferred without a transfer tax. These include sales to government agencies, temporary transfers of an NFA firearm to a gunsmith for repairs, and transfer of an NFA firearm to a lawful heir after the death of its owner. A permanent transfer, even if
1088:
A Destructive Device manufacturing license (Type-10 FFL) holder can manufacture destructive devices tax-free. However, a type-07 license costs $ 150 for three years –– whereas a Type-10 destructive manufacturing license costs $ 3000 for three years. Both licenses still require the payment of the $
1049:
to include submitting a photograph and fingerprints, fully register the firearm, receive ATF written permission before moving the firearm across state lines, and pay a tax. The request to transfer ownership of an NFA item is made on an ATF Form 4. There have been several unfavorable lawsuits where
954:
trigger pack is such an example of a "combination of parts" that is a machine gun in and of itself. Most of these have been registered as they were pulled from stores of surplus rifles in the early 1960s. In some special cases, exceptions have been determined to these rules by ATF. A semiautomatic
935:
Suppressors and machine guns are the most heavily regulated. For example, in Ruling 81-4, ATF declared that any AR-15 Drop-in Auto-Sear (DIAS) made after
November 1, 1981 is itself a machine gun, and is therefore subject to regulation. While this might seem to mean that pre-1981 sears are legal to
862:
Any firearm with a bore over 0.50 inch except for shotguns or shotgun shells which have been found to be generally recognized as particularly suitable for sporting purposes. (Many firearms with bores over 0.50 inch, such as 10-gauge or 12-gauge shotguns, are exempted from the law because they have
1217:
and Short-Barreled Rifles are generally the most popular NFA firearms among civilians, followed by Short-Barreled
Shotguns, Destructive Devices, and "Any Other Weapons". While most NFA firearms are bought from manufacturers and transferred to civilians through a dealer, many are made by civilians
1187:
and referred to as the Hughes
Amendment. Machine guns legally registered prior to the date of enactment (i.e. May 1986) are still legal for possession by and transfer among civilians where permitted by state law. The static and relatively small number of transferable machine guns has caused their
990:
Muzzle-loading firearms are exempt from the Act (as they are defined as "antique firearms" and are not considered "firearms" under either the GCA or the NFA). Thus, though common muzzle-loading hunting rifles are available in calibers over 0.50 inch, they are not regulated as destructive devices.
931:
In general, certain components that make up an NFA item are considered as regulated. For example, the components of a silencer are considered as "silencers" by themselves and the replacement parts are regulated. However, the repair of original parts without replacement can be done by the original
1084:
All NFA weapons made by individuals must be legal in the State or municipality where the individual lives. The payment of a $ 200 "making tax" prior to manufacture of the weapon, although a subsequent transfer of AOWs after they are legally "made" is only $ 5. Only a Class-II manufacturer (a FFL
907:) under 26" in overall length is fitted with a vertical fore-grip, it is no longer "designed, made and intended to fire ... when held in one hand," and therefore no longer meets the definition of a pistol. Such a firearm then falls only within the definition of "any other weapon" under the NFA.
966:
For the civilian possession, all machine guns must have been manufactured and registered with ATF prior to May 19, 1986, to be transferable between citizens. These machine gun prices have drastically escalated in value, especially items like registered sears and conversion-kits. Only a Class-II
1212:
The Hughes
Amendment affected only machine guns. All other NFA firearms are still legal for manufacture and registration by civilians under Form 1, and transfer of registration to civilians via Form 4 (though some states have their own laws governing which NFA firearms are legal to own there).
1147:
exempts felons—and, by extrapolation, all other prohibited possessors—from the registration requirements of the Act. The prohibited person who violates the possession prohibition can, however, be convicted under the Gun
Control Act of 1968 for being a prohibited person in possession of a (any)
748:
Under the original Act, NFA weapons were machine guns, short-barreled rifles (SBR), short-barreled shotguns (SBS), any other weapons (AOW, i.e., concealable weapons other than pistols or revolvers), and silencers for any type of NFA or non-NFA weapon. Minimum barrel length was soon amended to
940:
Regardless of the date of manufacture of a drop in auto sear, possession of such a sear and certain M-16 fire control parts is possession of a machine gun as defined by the NFA. Specifically, these parts are listed as "(a) combination(s) of parts" designed "Solely and exclusively" for use in
1080:
The tax for privately manufacturing any NFA firearm (other than machine guns, which are illegal for individuals to manufacture) is $ 200. Transferring requires a $ 200 tax for all NFA weapons except AOWs, for which the transfer tax is $ 5 (although the manufacturing tax remains $ 200).
1129:
a tax imposed by the Act is a felony punishable by up to five years in prison and a $ 100,000 fine ($ 500,000 in the case of a corporation or trust), under the general tax evasion statute. For an individual, the felony fine of $ 100,000 for tax evasion could be increased to $ 250,000.
1085:
holder licensed as a "Manufacture of
Firearms" or Type-07 license that has paid a Special Occupational Tax Stamp or SOT) can manufacture NFA firearms (other than destructive devices) tax free, but they pay a larger annual tax which ranges from $ 500 to $ 1000 to cover manufacturing.
1218:
themselves after they file a Form 1 and pay the $ 200 tax. Some types of NFA firearms can be relatively simple to make: a Short-Barreled Rifle can be made by swapping out the upper receiver for one containing a short barrel, and a Short-Barreled Shotgun can be created by using a
1089:
500 (reduced-rate) Special Occupational Tax Stamp or SOT, (or the $ 1000 full tax) per year to conduct manufacturing of NFA weapons that they are respectively qualified to manufacturer. The SOT "reduced rate" applies to a business whose sales are less than $ 500,000 per year.
689:
All transfers of ownership of registered NFA firearms must be done through the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (the "NFA registry"). The NFA also requires that the permanent transport of NFA firearms across state lines by the owner must be reported to the
955:
firearm which could have a string or shoelace looped around the cocking handle of and then behind and in front of the trigger in such a way as to allow the firearm to be fired automatically is no longer considered a machine gun unless the string is attached in this manner.
1197:
enforcement but not transferable to civilian registration are usually priced only a few hundred dollars more than their semi-automatic counterparts, whereas a pre-Hughes Amendment registered machine gun that can be legally transferred commands a huge premium.
945:
ATF machine gun technology letters written between 1980 and 1996 by Edward M. Owen—the then-chief of the ATF technology division defined "solely and exclusively" in all of his published and unpublished machine gun rulings with specific non-ambiguous language.
962:
look-alike counterparts—the semi-automatic version is specifically constructed to reject the fully automatic trigger group by adding metal in critical places. This addition is required by ATF to prevent easy conversion of Title I firearms into machine guns.
899:
The AOW definition includes specifically described weapons with combination shotgun and rifle barrels 12 inches or more but less than 18 inches in length from which only a single discharge can be made from either barrel without manual reloading.
726:
in 1933. Like the current National Firearms Act (NFA), the 1934 Act required NFA firearms to be registered and taxed. The $ 200 tax was quite prohibitive at the time (equivalent to $ 4,555 in 2023). With a few exceptions, the tax amount is unchanged.
994:
Individuals or companies seeking to market large-bore firearms may apply to ATF for a "sporting clause exception". If granted, ATF acknowledges that the firearm has a legitimate sporting use and is therefore not a destructive device. Certain large
976:. ATF lost the case, and was unable to prove that possession of a short barrel for the specific pistol configuration of a Thompson Contender is illegal. ATF later released ruling 2011-4 to clarify the legal status of owning such conversion kits.
730:
Originally, pistols and revolvers were to be regulated as strictly as machine guns; towards that end, cutting down a rifle or shotgun to circumvent the handgun restrictions by making a concealable weapon was taxed as strictly as a machine gun.
734:
Conventional pistols and revolvers were ultimately excluded from the Act before passage, but other concealable weapons were not. Regarding the definition of "firearm", the language of the statute as originally enacted was as follows:
875:
Firearms meeting the definition of "any other weapon", or AOW, are weapons or devices that can be concealed on the person and from which a shot can be discharged by the energy of an explosive. Many AOWs are disguised devices such as
37:
An Act to provide for the taxation of manufacturers, importers, and dealers in certain firearms and machine guns, to tax the sale or other disposal of such weapons, and to restrict importation and regulate interstate transportation
1296:
The Supreme Court reversed the District Court and held that the NFA provision (criminalizing possession of certain firearms) was not in violation of the Second Amendment's restriction and therefore was constitutional. (Citation?)
949:
Owning for the parts needed to assemble other NFA firearms is generally restricted. One individual cannot own or manufacture certain machine gun sear (fire-control) components, unless, he owns a registered machine gun. The
1968:"Home » Chief Law Enforcement Officer Required Sign Law Enforcement Certification ATF Form 1 Or ATF is the chief law enforcement officer required to sign the law enforcement certification on ATF Form 1 or ATF Form 4?"
1592:
Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second
1096:, and other "combination of parts" registered as machine guns before the aforementioned date are often worth nearly as much as a full registered machine gun. For instance, as of September 2008, a transferable
1967:
1092:
Transferable machine guns made or registered before May 19, 1986, are worth far more than their original, pre-1986 value and items like registered "auto-sears", "lightning-links", trigger-packs,
970:
Owning both a short barrel and a legal-length rifle could be construed as intent to build an illegal, unregistered SBR. This possibility was contested and won in the U.S. Supreme Court case of
452:
2061:
1251:
1300:
Subsequent rulings have been allowed to stand, indicating that short-barreled shotguns are generally recognized as ordinary military equipment if briefs are filed (e.g., see:
1264:" weapon protected by the Second Amendment, from federal infringement. The District Court agreed with Miller's argument that the shotgun was legal under the Second Amendment.
1034:. Legal possession of an NFA firearm by an individual requires transfer of registration within the NFA registry. An individual owner does not need to be an NFA dealer to buy
770:
The current National Firearms Act (NFA) defines a number of categories of regulated firearms. These weapons are collectively known as NFA firearms and include the following:
820:, and includes any portable device designed to muffle or disguise the report of a portable firearm, but does not include non-portable devices, such as sound traps used by
237:
1026:): Class 1 importer, Class 2 manufacturer-dealer or Class 3 dealer in NFA weapons. There are generally three ways to own an NFA weapon: as an individual, through a
1302:
2128:
360:
337:
318:
299:
280:
261:
242:
2423:
1971:
1589:
Appropriations, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government (1998).
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691:
430:
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833:
401:
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Upon the request of any ATF agent or investigator, or the Attorney General, the registered owner must provide proof of registration of the firearm.
1617:
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1945:
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1471:
1010:
The phrase "all NFA rules apply" is commonplace. This disclaimer is usually posted in bold print from firearm dealers holding an FFL license.
1022:(FFL) is not required to be an individual owner, although it is required as a prerequisite to become a Special Occupation Taxpayer (SOT, see
972:
579:
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2065:
756:, and regulations promulgated by the enforcement agency assigned, known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives or ATF.
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can sell for $ 8,000 to $ 10,000. New manufacture M-16s sell to law enforcement and the military for around $ 600 to $ 1000.
482:
437:
1731:
1481:
2484:
447:
2225:
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1843:
987:
handgun, changed its status as a Title II NFA firearm but did not change its status as a Title I Gun Control Act firearm.
2207:
2135:
1653:
462:
225:
1686:
Wilson, R. L. (1 November 1997). "U.S. Smoothbore Pistols Designed to Fire Shotgun Shells". In Eric M. Larson (ed.).
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16 inches for rimfire rifles and by 1960 had been amended to 16 inches for centerfire rifles as well.
1023:
1018:
It is a common misconception that an individual must have a "Class 3" license in order to own an NFA weapon. A
2479:
1180:
1156:
487:
1781:
1325:
1045:(ATF). Private owners wishing to purchase an NFA item must obtain approval from the ATF, pass an extensive
502:
472:
1159:(NRC) licensees and authorized contractors to possess machine guns for the purpose of providing security.
1268:
719:
643:
614:
467:
68:
2226:"Open Letter to All Federally Licensed Dealers, Importers, and Manufacturers of Firearms and Ammunition"
1713:
979:
Removal of a weapon from classification as an NFA firearm, such as the reclassification of the original
2047:
1752:
559:
517:
91:
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to shorten the barrel length. Other NFA firearms, such as suppressors, require more technical skill.
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silencer for any firearm whether or not such firearm is included within the foregoing definition.
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2385:"How the DOJ's New Regulatory Framework for Gun Trusts Managed to Strike a Reasonable Balance"
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1424:"Firearm Deaths, Gun Availability, and Legal Regulatory Changes: Suggestions from the Data"
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8:
2247:"42 U.S.C. § 2201a : US Code – Section 2201A: Use of firearms by security personnel"
694:(ATF). Temporary transports of some items, most notably suppressors (also referred to as
2246:
1946:"National Firearms Act (NFA) | Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"
1306:), describing use of short-barreled shotguns in specialized military units. (Citation?)
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costs approximately $ 11,000 to $ 18,000, while a transferable "lightning-link" for the
1611:
1499:
1443:
1278:
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of 1986 (also known as "McClure-Volkmer"). The language was added in an amendment from
1038:. The sale and purchase of an NFA weapon is, however, taxed and regulated, as follows:
980:
911:
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888:, and umbrella guns. AOWs can be pistols and revolvers with smooth bore barrels (e.g.,
829:
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possess without registration, ATF closes this loophole in other publications, stating,
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The ATF Firearms Technology Branch has issued opinions that when a pistol (such as an
287:
2062:"When must firearms special (occupational) taxes be paid and how much are the taxes?"
1925:
1898:
1809:
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1693:
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Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law
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converting a weapon into a machine gun and are a machine gun as defined in the NFA.
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1364:"This Act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after the date of its enactment."
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1480:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. April 2009. Archived from
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plaintiffs have been denied NFA approval for a transfer. These lawsuits include:
711:
707:
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and mandates the registration of those firearms. The NFA is also referred to as
1286:
410:
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996:
752:
NFA categories have been modified by laws passed by Congress, rulings by the
667:
1066:
564:
2424:"Little-known gun trust loophole facing closure by Obama executive action"
1155:
was amended in 2005 and includes a provision (42 U.S.C. § 2201a) to allow
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Section 1(a), Public Law No. 474, Ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236 (June 26, 1934).
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that civilians could purchase was effectively banned by language in the
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US Machinegun: SWD M-11 9mm W Sten Conversion, GUNS FOR SALE, GUNS-0113
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US National Act Stamp, affixed to transfer forms to indicate tax paid
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706:
The ostensible impetus for the National Firearms Act of 1934 was the
1439:
654:
was enacted on June 26, 1934, and currently codified and amended as
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1267:
The District Court ruling was overturned on a direct appeal to the
1093:
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2228:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. 2006-01-30
1732:"Nos. 97-3748, 97-3749. - UNITED STATES v. CASH - US 7th Circuit"
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United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas
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Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values
1200:
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barrel less than 18" long or a minimum overall length under 26".
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Most current fully automatic trigger groups will not fit their
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in their shops which are large and usually bolted to the floor.
671:
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2346:"Trusts Offer a Legal Loophole for Buying Restricted Guns"
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price to rise, often over $ 10,000, although transferable
2421:
983:
with shoulder stock from "short barrel rifle" (SBR) to a
2294:
Machinegun: MAC-10 .45 ACP SMG, GUNS FOR SALE, GUNS-0122
1761:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 194–195.
1720:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
16:
1934 US law regulating firearms including machine guns
2367:"Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"
1384:
863:
been determined to have a "legitimate sporting use".)
2268:
Gun Law News – Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986
2087:"ATF Form 5300.11 Questions (Updated July 31, 2013)"
1472:"Introduction: History of the National Firearms Act"
839:
There are two broad classes of destructive devices:
2014:
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2002).
1692:. New York: House of Collectibles. pp. 68–71.
1689:
Official R. L. Wilson Price Guide to Gun Collecting
1596:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 48–53.
1395:. In Tatalovich, Raymond; Daynes, Byron W. (eds.).
1167:Importation of NFA firearms was banned by the 1968
1043:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
759:
692:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
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834:Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
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1145:Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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1355:http://legisworks.org/congress/73/publaw-474.pdf
1289:. The Supreme Court indicated it could not take
2422:Smith, David & Chalabi, Mona (2016-01-06).
1924:. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. p. 26.
1670:Letter from Franklin Armory to Mr. Jay Jacobson
2382:
1911:
1588:
1393:"Gun Control: Constitutional Mandate or Myth?"
1529:"History of ATF from Oxford University Press"
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1137:The United States Supreme Court has ruled in
973:United States v. Thompson-Center Arms Company
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1890:Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide
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1616:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1014:Registration, purchases, taxes and transfers
1162:
2495:United States federal firearms legislation
2490:United States federal criminal legislation
2042:
2040:
2038:
1917:
1805:Targeting Guns: Firearms and Their Control
1679:
1041:All NFA items must be registered with the
622:
608:
2500:United States federal privacy legislation
2415:
1877:
1543:
1461:
870:
832:(DDs) - (added to the NFA of 1934 by the
314:United States v. Thompson-Center Arms Co.
2376:
2048:"National Firearms Act (NFA) — Firearms"
1398:Moral Controversies in American Politics
1199:
1071:
2035:
1808:. Transaction Publishers. p. 108.
1751:
1428:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
1390:
1285:and may have had personal knowledge of
682:of the federal firearms laws, with the
674:tax on the manufacture and transfer of
555:Right to keep and bear arms in the U.S.
528:International treaties for arms control
2472:
1714:"Frequently Asked Questions: Silencer"
1685:
1552:
1421:
1254:ruled the statute unconstitutional in
910:In 1938, Congress recognized that the
523:History of concealed carry in the U.S.
2361:
2359:
1918:Flayderman, Norm (17 December 2007).
1883:
1792:
1316:Firearm case law in the United States
1123:
1065:NFA items may also be transferred to
802:Similarly to SBRs, but with either a
438:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
2465:ATF's National Firearms Act Handbook
2337:
1634:. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
2505:Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
1114:
816:The legal term for a suppressor is
13:
2452:131 F.2d 916, 922 (1st Cir. 1942).
2356:
463:Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban
170:in the House as H.R. 9741 by
97:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
2516:
2458:
1798:
1401:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 161–195.
1331:Gun politics in the United States
1287:the use of such weapons in combat
498:Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)
453:Connecticut Children's Safety Act
2105:"NFA Firearms & Suppressors"
1175:The domestic manufacture of new
760:Categories of regulated firearms
591:
421:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
389:
135:26 U.S.C.: Internal Revenue Code
25:
2446:
2434:
2391:
2311:
2285:
2259:
2239:
2218:
2199:
2183:
2168:
2152:
2121:
2097:
2079:
2054:
2032:755 F.2d 1410 (11th Cir. 1985).
2026:
2017:
2008:
1985:
1960:
1938:
1853:
1836:
1822:
1775:
1724:
1706:
1663:
1638:
1624:
1208:, an example of a dealer sample
1032:Limited Liability Company (LLC)
927:Parts associated with NFA items
791:later removed by a third party.
698:), do not need to be reported.
1830:"NFA "Law Letter" Requirement"
1672:(May 14, 2011) (archived from
1573:
1477:National Firearms Act Handbook
1415:
1367:
1347:
1242:
1024:Special Occupational Taxpayers
535:Background Check System (NICS)
207:on June 18, 1934 (Passed)
201:on June 13, 1934 (Passed)
1:
2383:Zuwerink, Adam (2016-02-01).
1181:Firearm Owners Protection Act
1157:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1132:
701:
670:that, in general, imposes an
508:Gun laws in the U.S. by state
488:Firearm Owners Protection Act
433:Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
59:National Firearms Act of 1934
2023:77 F.3d 868 (5th Cir. 1996).
1893:. DIANE Publishing. p.
1326:Gun law in the United States
1225:
716:St. Valentine's Day Massacre
646:, Sess. 2, ch. 757, 48
473:Federal Firearms Act of 1938
7:
2485:73rd United States Congress
2344:Goode, Erika (2013-02-26).
2089:. atf. 2013. Archived from
2064:. atf. 1999. Archived from
1970:. atf. 2013. Archived from
1786:September 23, 2009, at the
1632:"U.S.C. Title 26 § 5845(b)"
1391:Spitzer, Robert J. (2011).
1309:
1269:United States Supreme Court
540:National Firearms Act (NFA)
468:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
448:Concealed carry in the U.S.
431:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
416:Assault weapons legislation
379:Firearm legal topics of the
226:United States Supreme Court
69:73rd United States Congress
10:
2521:
1553:Carter, Gregg Lee (2002).
763:
754:Department of the Treasury
560:Second Amendment sanctuary
518:High-capacity magazine ban
238:Sonzinsky v. United States
1559:. ABC-CLIO. p. 545.
1153:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
1060:Steele v. National Branch
533:National Instant Criminal
232:
224:
163:
158:
140:
130:
125:
106:
87:
82:
74:
63:
55:
42:
33:
24:
1734:. Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com
1422:Weaver, Greg S. (2002).
1341:
1163:The market for NFA items
1020:Federal Firearms License
1007:, have such exceptions.
598:United States portal
513:Gun politics in the U.S.
478:Federal Firearms License
443:Campus carry in the U.S.
333:Staples v. United States
1321:Gun Control Act of 1968
1274:United States v. Miller
1257:United States v. Miller
1140:Haynes v. United States
797:Short-barreled shotguns
720:attempted assassination
684:Gun Control Act of 1968
582:and Law Enforcement Act
565:Sullivan Act (New York)
493:Gun Control Act of 1968
276:Haynes v. United States
257:United States v. Miller
186:Committee consideration
2430:. Manchester, England.
1303:Cases v. United States
1293:of such a contention.
1209:
1077:
960:semi-automatic firearm
943:
871:Any other weapon (AOW)
550:Open carry in the U.S.
295:United States v. Freed
1203:
1075:
938:
785:Short-barreled rifles
724:Franklin D. Roosevelt
636:National Firearms Act
580:Violent Crime Control
215:Franklin D. Roosevelt
20:National Firearms Act
2480:1934 in American law
2372:. September 9, 2013.
2093:on October 10, 2013.
1336:Uniform Firearms Act
686:("GCA") as Title I.
458:Constitutional carry
190:House Ways and Means
1844:"ATF Ruling 2011-4"
1758:Glock Deconstructed
830:Destructive devices
722:of President-elect
503:Gun law in the U.S.
159:Legislative history
21:
1956:on April 11, 2012.
1360:2016-07-05 at the
1279:United States Army
1210:
1124:Criminal penalties
1078:
1056:Westfall v. Miller
999:calibers, such as
981:Broomhandle Mauser
912:Marble Game Getter
894:Serbu Super-Shorty
882:cigarette lighters
352:Garland v. Cargill
172:Robert L. Doughton
19:
2212:§ 3571(b)(3)
1931:978-0-89689-455-6
1904:978-0-7881-2821-9
1861:"ATF Rul. 2011-4"
1815:978-0-202-36941-9
1768:978-1-4402-3284-8
1699:978-0-676-60122-0
1676:October 18, 2011)
1566:978-1-57607-268-4
1185:William J. Hughes
1052:Lomont v. O'Neill
890:H&R Handy-Gun
718:of 1929, and the
632:
631:
374:
373:
205:Passed the Senate
182:) on May 28, 1934
109:Statutes at Large
2512:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2323:, archived from
2315:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2297:, archived from
2289:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2271:, archived from
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2237:
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2234:
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2222:
2216:
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2203:
2197:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:. Archived from
2133:
2129:"Record Keeping"
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2077:
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2073:
2058:
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2015:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:. Archived from
1942:
1936:
1935:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1887:(1 April 1996).
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1851:
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1840:
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1833:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1755:(15 July 2013).
1753:Sweeney, Patrick
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1728:
1722:
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1710:
1704:
1703:
1683:
1677:
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1642:
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1622:
1621:
1615:
1607:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1535:. Archived from
1525:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1388:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1351:
1281:officers during
1115:Criminal conduct
1047:background check
1036:Title II weapons
1005:.577 Tyrannosaur
843:Devices such as
766:Title II weapons
676:certain firearms
662:. The law is an
624:
617:
610:
596:
595:
594:
575:Tiahrt Amendment
483:Firearm case law
393:
376:
375:
217:on June 26, 1934
199:Passed the House
144:sections created
110:
98:
94:
48:
29:
22:
18:
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2515:
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2420:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2403:www.reginfo.gov
2397:
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2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2111:
2109:Utah Carry Laws
2103:
2102:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1866:. July 25, 2011
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1841:
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1828:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1797:
1793:
1788:Wayback Machine
1780:
1776:
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1462:
1452:
1450:
1440:10.2307/1144246
1420:
1416:
1409:
1389:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1362:Wayback Machine
1352:
1348:
1344:
1312:
1291:judicial notice
1248:
1236:estate planning
1228:
1169:Gun Control Act
1165:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1016:
929:
873:
866:
768:
762:
712:Prohibition era
704:
664:Act of Congress
628:
592:
590:
581:
534:
432:
407:
370:
220:
211:Signed into law
108:
96:
64:Enacted by
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2459:External links
2457:
2455:
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2433:
2414:
2390:
2375:
2355:
2350:New York Times
2336:
2310:
2284:
2258:
2238:
2217:
2198:
2190:26 U.S.C.
2182:
2175:26 U.S.C.
2167:
2159:26 U.S.C.
2151:
2120:
2096:
2078:
2053:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1984:
1959:
1937:
1930:
1910:
1903:
1885:Magaw, John W.
1876:
1852:
1835:
1821:
1814:
1791:
1774:
1767:
1744:
1723:
1705:
1698:
1678:
1662:
1654:18 U.S.C.
1646:26 U.S.C.
1637:
1623:
1602:
1581:
1572:
1565:
1542:
1539:on 2012-07-28.
1517:
1508:|website=
1460:
1414:
1407:
1383:
1375:26 U.S.C.
1366:
1345:
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1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1247:
1241:
1227:
1224:
1204:A select fire
1164:
1161:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1015:
1012:
985:curio or relic
928:
925:
905:AR-type pistol
872:
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777:
764:Main article:
761:
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746:
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743:
714:, such as the
708:gangland crime
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411:Assault weapon
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194:Senate Finance
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154:§ 5801 et seq.
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131:Titles amended
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2327:on 2013-06-01
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2314:
2301:on 2016-01-08
2300:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2275:on 2007-09-10
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2160:
2155:
2141:on 2011-10-15
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2110:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2068:on 2014-07-14
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2020:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1974:on 2014-07-14
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1487:on 2013-12-12
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859:weapons, etc.
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668:United States
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644:73rd Congress
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2399:"View Rule"
2387:. JD Supra.
2194:§ 7201
2179:§ 5871
2163:§ 5861
1950:www.atf.gov
1800:Kleck, Gary
1652:. See also
1650:§ 5845
1379:§ 5841
1283:World War I
1220:pipe cutter
812:Suppressors
545:NY SAFE Act
426:Bump stocks
347: (1994)
328: (1992)
309: (1971)
290: (1968)
271: (1939)
252: (1937)
2474:Categories
2408:2015-12-17
2331:2020-04-27
2305:2020-04-27
2279:2007-09-14
2252:2011-10-26
2232:2011-10-26
2145:2011-10-26
2114:2020-11-02
2072:2014-07-09
2001:2012-05-22
1978:2014-07-09
1870:2011-10-26
1738:2012-05-22
1658:§ 921
1491:2013-12-07
1434:(3): 824.
1133:Exceptions
1030:, or as a
1001:.585 Nyati
952:M2 carbine
923:at $ 200.
914:, a short
884:, knives,
857:poison gas
804:smoothbore
702:Background
570:Suppressor
168:Introduced
88:Public law
34:Long title
2208:18 U.S.C.
1612:cite book
1510:ignored (
1500:cite book
1226:NFA trust
1215:Silencers
1148:firearm.
1143:that the
1098:M16 rifle
1094:trunnions
1028:gun trust
886:cane guns
822:gunsmiths
696:silencers
83:Citations
75:Effective
56:Nicknames
1784:Archived
1358:Archived
1310:See also
853:missiles
845:grenades
818:silencer
680:Title II
114:48
44:Acronyms
38:thereof.
1718:ATF.gov
1593:Session
1533:ATF.gov
1453:July 7,
1448:1144246
1262:militia
1230:An NFA
710:of the
666:in the
93:Pub. L.
2441:Miller
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1194:MAC-11
1190:MAC-10
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799:(SBSs)
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660:ch. 53
656:I.R.C.
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357:22-976
355:, No.
152:ch. 53
148:I.R.C.
142:U.S.C.
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101:73–474
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