22:
79:
1556:
one giving the
Saturnian's heptasyllabic half-line by acephaly (truncation of line-beginning), the other yielding the hexasyllabic colon both by acephaly and catalexis (truncation of line-end). Ultimately, owing to the difficulties of describing and analyzing the Saturnian without taking its history
1574:
In
English, two collections of the texts are available. Warmington's Loeb contains Livius Andronicus and Naevius' Saturnians, among other poetry and poets, and Courtney's anthology with commentary includes the Scipionic epitaphs and other inscriptions. Regarding the meter, the standard quantitative
1593:
No recent treatment of non-Latin Italic material is available in
English; see Costa, Morelli, and Poccetti. Vigorita and West discuss the Saturnian and its prehistory in connection with the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European meter. Goldberg's book is an excellent treatment of the development of
338:
have become obscure. Only 132 complete uncontroversial verses survive. 95 literary verses and partial fragments have been preserved as quotations in later grammatical writings, as well as 37 verses in funerary or dedicatory inscriptions. The majority of literary
Saturnians come from the
858:
Handbooks otherwise schematize the verse as 3+ || 2+ stresses. This theory assumes
Classical Latin accentuation. However, there is reason to believe that the Old Latin accent may have played a role in the verse. Afterwards, Lindsay himself abandoned his theory.
1532:
a Proto-Indo-European 7- or 8-syllable line combined with a shorter 5- or 6-syllable line, which is itself derivable from the octosyllable by undoing truncations (noted in metrical schemes by one or more ^'s, wherever in the meter the truncation has occurred).
1513:
A large number of the verses have a 4 || 3 || 3 || 3 syllable count and division, which scholars have been inclined to take as underlying or ideal. This has permitted comparison with meters from related Indo-European poetic traditions outside Italic, such as
540:. The second colon is shorter than or as long as the first. Furthermore, in any half-line with seven or more syllables, the last three or four are preceded by word-end. This is known as Korsch's caesura or the
396:
is the poet who is generally credited with introducing the Greek hexameter in Latin, and dramatic meters seem to have been well on their way to domestic adoption in the works of his approximate contemporary
1759:
Poccetti, Paolo (1982). "Elementi culturali negli epitafi poetici peligni. III: La struttura metrica" [Cultural
Elements in the Paelignian Poetic Epitaphs. III: Metrical Structure].
1527:
845:
1551:
557:
536:
Despite the division, there is some consensus regarding aspects of the verse's structure. A Saturnian line can be divided into two cola or half-lines, separated by a central
1541:
1810:
Fragmenta
Saturnia Heroica - Édition critique, traduction et commentaire des fragments de l'Odyssée latine de Livius Andronicus et de la Guerre punique de Cn. Naevius
695: GNAIVOD•PATRE
1598:
is that of
Skutsch. See also Whitman for a comparative study of Old Latin and Old English meter (he argues for alliteration and accent as definitive for both).
424:
Atque utinam exstārent illa carmina, quae multīs saeclīs ante suam aetātem in epulīs esse cantitāta ā singulīs conuīuīs dē clārōrum uirōrum laudibus in
307:
83:
444:, used to be sung by every guest in his turn at the homely feasts of our ancestors, many ages before, to commemorate the feats of their heroes.'
458:, who follows him in both time and technique) preserve something of the Saturnian aesthetic in hexameter verse. Ennius explicitly acknowledges
1582:
has recently been put forward by
Parsons (currently under follow-up investigation by Angelo Mercado, whose analysis is available at ref.).
1618:
1087:
Despite the obscurity of the principles of
Saturnian versification in Latin, scholars have nonetheless attempted to extend analysis to
590:
Numeration of literary fragments is according to Warmington's edition; translations are also by Warmington (see bibliography infra).
517:
or the arrangement of light and heavy syllables was the governing principle. Scholars today remain divided between two approaches:
1906:. Program in Indo-European Studies (PIES) (Ph.D. thesis). Los Angeles, CA: University of California – via Academia.edu.
1826:
1772:
Poccetti, Paolo (1983). "Eine Spur des saturnisches Verses im Oskischen" [A trace of the Saturnian verse in Oscan].
1576:
300:
1737:
Morelli, Giuseppe (1973–1974). "Un antico saturnio popolare falisco" [An Ancient Popular Faliscan Saturnian].
1575:
treatment is still Cole. The details of the accentual approach are set out in Lindsay. A new proposal that draws from
65:
43:
1334:, graphemes transcribed with an underdot are of uncertain reading, and restorations are enclosed in square brackets.
36:
686:
293:
1519:
1927:
462:' poem and skill (lines 206–7 and 208–9 in the edition of Skutsch, with translations by Goldberg):
136:
30:
1808:
1746:
Parsons, Jed (1999). "A new approach to the Saturnian verse and its relation to Latin prosody".
1841:
1612:
151:
47:
1922:
97:
156:
8:
1218:
1184:
401:. These Greek verse forms were considered more sophisticated than the native tradition;
1725:
1692:
1594:
Roman epic from Livius Andronicus to Ennius to Virgil. The standard edition of Ennius'
522:
261:
231:
186:
116:
578:∪ over – (x at verse-end) = position can be occupied by either light or heavy syllable
380:
The meter was moribund by the time of the literary verses and forgotten altogether by
1822:
1099:
1095:
362:
1814:
1717:
1684:
1515:
1214:
1088:
715:
In regularized orthography (note the punctuation on the stone, viz. — = verse-end):
328:
276:
256:
211:
529:
514:
415:
381:
370:
271:
266:
246:
241:
161:
141:
126:
121:
1818:
1120:
459:
451:
437:
393:
389:
374:
335:
216:
191:
1916:
1607:
236:
196:
111:
106:
1272:(scansion of first three words uncertain) || – – – – || ∪ – x (Quantitative)
513:
Ancient grammarians sought to derive the verse from a Greek model, in which
206:
171:
131:
1880:
1288:' (these) were made at Teanum in Minius Berius' (workshop?).' (meaning of
840:
W.M. Lindsay formalizes the accentual scheme of the Saturnian as follows:
1579:
1526:
201:
1622:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 234.
674:
hallowed offerings were set in a row on the table of the Household Gods;
1222:
1729:
1705:
1696:
1672:
1611:
1550:
1414:
1331:
552:
Most—but not all—Saturnians can be captured by the following scheme:
385:
281:
226:
87:
1721:
1688:
1522:. John Vigorita derived the 4 || 3 || 5-6 syllable Saturnian from:
1489:
1410:
221:
181:
176:
166:
1900:
1557:
into account, attempts at reconstruction have not won acceptance.
1397:'I am a sacred object of Mother Cupra from Plestia.' (Cupra was a
1540:
1305:
1301:
844:
573:
537:
398:
357:
677:
and he busied himself in sacrificing a beautiful golden victim.'
556:
1546:
which he then traces to two Proto-Indo-European octosyllables:
1398:
581:∪∪ over – over ∪ = position can be occupied by any of the three
455:
436:'I heartily wish those venerable Odes were still extant, which
410:
402:
331:
251:
701:
FVIT—CONSOL CENSOR•AIDILIS•QVEI•FVIT•APVD•VOS—TAVRASIA•CISAVNA
698:
PROGNATVS•FORTIS•VIR•SAPIENSQVE—QVOIVS•FORMA•VIRTVTEI•PARISVMA
78:
1188:
1180:
409:. Consequently, the poetry in this meter was not preserved.
352:
324:
1518:, and a few scholars have tried to trace the verse back to
569:∪∪ = two light syllables that occupy the space of one heavy
1887:(academic blog). Los Angeles, CA: University of California
1171:'Today, I shall drink wine. Tomorrow, I shall go without.'
1844:. Vol. 314. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
867:
Here are the same texts from above, scanned accentually.
671:'After Anchises had seen a bird within the range of view,
1221:
orthography are conventionally transcribed in bold-face
1655:
Musa Lapidaria: A selection of Latin verse inscriptions
1802:(Ph.D. thesis). Los Angeles: University of California.
815:'Sprung from Gnaeus his father, a man strong and wise,
1748:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
818:
whose appearance was most in keeping with his virtue,
704:
SAMNIO•CEPIT—SVBIGIT•OMNE•LOVCANA•OPSIDESQVE•ABDOVCIT
1082:
384:times, falling out of use with the adoption of the
1899:
1642:Sulla preistoria della tradizione poetica italica
888:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ (Classical Latin)
794:* As in early Latin poetry, if not – as in later.
450:However, it has been noted that later poets like
1914:
1666:. New York; Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1646:On the Prehistory of the Italic Poetic Tradition
1536:M.L. West schematized this subset of verses as:
1098:(two nearly identical inscriptions on cups from
972:(6) Epitaph of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
547:
507:or was careful with his speech before this man.'
496:nec dictī studiōsus fuit Rōmānus homō ante hunc.
1413:(final verse in an inscription on a stone from
983:Gnaevō patre / prōgnātus, fortis vir sapiēnsque
731:Gnaevō patre / prōgnātus, fortis vir sapiēnsque
611:'Tell me, O Goddess of song, of the clever man'
1508:
1492:grant you ... (good?) will ....' (meanings of
1155:– – – – (||) ∪ (∪) – || – ∪ – x (Quantitative)
532:or based on accented and unaccented syllables.
835:
827:he subdued all Lucania and led off hostages.'
821:who was consul, censor, and aedile among you,
301:
1736:
1627:Cole, Thomas (1969). "The Saturnian verse".
797:** Some early Latin poetry treats this as ∪.
491:nam neque Mūsārum scopulōs ēscendit ad altōs
1883:. Program in Indo-European Studies (PIES).
1475:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ (Accentual)
1275:´ ∪ ´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ – ∪ – || ∪ – ∪ (Accentual)
1225:, and those in the Latin script italicized.
1158:´ ∪ ´ ∪ (||) ´ (∪) ∪ || ´ ∪ ´ ∪ (Accentual)
885:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ ∪ (Old Latin)
504:'For no Roman scaled the Muses' lofty crags
483:in rhythms which the Fauns and seers sang.'
472:vorsibus quōs ōlim Faunei vātesque canēbant
1849:West, M.L. (1973). "Indo-European Metre".
1835:
1381:∪ – – – || – – – || ∪ ∪ ∪ x (Quantitative)
1003:subigit omnem Lūcānam, opsidēsque abdūcit.
751:subigit omnem Lūcānam, opsidēsque abdūcit.
308:
294:
993:cōnsul, cēnsor, aedīlis quī fuit apud vōs
910:sacr(ā) in mēnsā Penātium ordine pōnuntur
741:cōnsul, cēnsor, aedīlis quī fuit apud vōs
635:sacr(ā) in mēnsā Penātium ordine pōnuntur
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
1864:A Comparative Study of Old English Metre
1797:
1771:
1758:
1661:
1652:
1606:
1472:uncertain) || ∪ – – ∪ – x (Quantitative)
1452:Līfar dida(t) vūs deti hanustō herentās.
1183:(one of several similar inscriptions in
84:tomb of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
77:
29:This article includes a list of general
1897:
1866:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1861:
1806:
1784:
1745:
1703:
1670:
1384:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ´ ∪ (Accentual)
1256:Minis Beris ā(n)nei opsātō sent Teānei.
905:Postquam avem aspexit in templō Anchīsa
824:he captured Taurasia, Cisauna, Samnium,
630:Postquam avem aspexit in templō Anchīsa
1915:
1198:minis:beriis:anei:upsatuh:sent:tiianei
1074:´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ` ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪
1040:´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ` ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪
1639:
779:∪∪ ∪ – – || – – ∪ || – ∪ – ∪ || – – x
86:, erected around 150 BC, contains an
1902:The Latin Saturnian and Italic Verse
1848:
1626:
1424:lifar dida vus deti hanustu herentas
1365:Cuprās Mātris Plestīnās sacrum esum.
1304:(inscription on a bronze plate from
1139:foiēd vīnom (pi)pafō. crā(s) carēfō.
1062:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ´ || ` ∪ ´ ∪
1028:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ´ || ´ ∪ ` ∪
998:Taurāsiam, Cisaunam, / Samnium cēpit
988:cuius fōrma virtūtī parissuma / fuit
773:– – – ∪† || – – ∪* || – ∪ ∪† ∪ –** x
767:– – ∪ ∪ || – – – || – – – || ∪ ∪ – x
746:Taurāsiam, Cisaunam, / Samnium cēpit
736:cuius fōrma virtūtī parissuma / fuit
15:
1878:
1706:"The Saturnian Metre. Second Paper"
961:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ (∪) ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
933:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ (∪) ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪ ∪
655:∪ – – – || ∪ – (∪) – || – ∪ – – – x
13:
1673:"The Saturnian Metre. First Paper"
915:immolābat auream victimam pulchram
800:† This syllable is historically –.
640:immolābat auream victimam pulchram
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1939:
1800:Indo-European Comparative Metrics
1083:The Saturnian in non-Latin Italic
881:Virum mihī Camēna īnsece versūtum
604:Virum mihī Camēna īnsece versūtum
334:form, of which the principles of
1549:
1539:
1525:
1089:other languages of ancient Italy
843:
770:– ∪* – ∪ || – – – || ∪ – ∪ ∪ ∪ x
687:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
555:
20:
1068:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
1065:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
1034:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ´ ∪ ´ ∪ ´
1031:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
958:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
930:´ ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ ´ ∪ ∪
652:– ∪ ∪ ∪ || – – ∪ || – – – – – x
608:∪ – ∪ – || ∪ – ∪ || – ∪ ∪ – – x
351:), a translation/paraphrase of
90:inscription in Saturnian meter.
1872:
1657:. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press.
1108:FOIED•VINO•(PI)PAFO•CRA•CAREFO
525:(but not borrowed from Greek).
480:' Others have given an account
1:
1710:American Journal of Philology
1677:American Journal of Philology
1648:]. Florence, IT: Olschki.
1560:
1315:cupras matres pletinas sacrụ
1071:∪ ´ ∪ ∪ || ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
1037:´ ∪ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
964:` ∪ ´ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
936:´ ∪ ` ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ || ´ ∪ ∪ ´ ∪
862:
776:– – ∪ – || ∪ – – || – ∪ – – x
658:– ∪ – – || – ∪ – || – ∪ – – x
548:The Saturnian as quantitative
365:(c. 3rd century BC), and the
343:(more commonly known as the
7:
1898:Mercado, Angelo O. (2006).
1785:Skutsch, Otto, ed. (1985).
1509:Prehistory of the Saturnian
585:
10:
1944:
1819:10.24894/978-3-7965-4128-5
1793:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1565:
1468:– – ∪ – || – (scansion of
836:The Saturnian as accentual
413:regretted the loss in his
1836:Warmington, E.H. (1936).
1813:. Basel: Schwabe Verlag.
1807:Viredaz, Antoine (2020).
1662:Goldberg, Sander (1995).
1653:Courtney, Edward (1995).
323:meter or verse is an old
1640:Costa, Gabriele (1998).
544:, after its discoverer.
137:Latin rhythmic hexameter
1798:Vigorita, John (1973).
1664:Epic in Republican Rome
1619:Encyclopædia Britannica
1613:"Saturnian Metre"
1217:inscriptional texts in
1187:script on vessels from
870:(4) Livius Andronicus,
593:(1) Livius Andronicus,
428:scrīptum relīquit Catō.
50:more precise citations.
1862:Whitman, F.H. (1993).
1842:Loeb Classical Library
1704:Lindsay, W.M. (1893).
1671:Lindsay, W.M. (1893).
1629:Yale Classical Studies
152:Metres of Roman comedy
91:
1436:In Latin orthography:
1349:In Latin orthography:
1240:In Latin orthography:
851:´ = accented syllable
405:called the Saturnian
377:(c. 3rd century BC).
98:Greek and Latin metre
81:
1838:Remains of Old Latin
1739:Archeologia Classica
157:Trochaic septenarius
1520:Proto-Indo-European
1417:, 1st century BC)
1308:, 4th century BC)
1191:, 3rd century BC)
1102:, 4th century BC)
1091:related to Latin.
566:– = heavy syllable
563:∪ = light syllable
542:caesura Korschiana
467:scrīpsēre aliī rem
440:informs us in his
262:Resolution (meter)
232:Anaclasis (poetry)
187:Asclepiad (poetry)
147:Saturnian (poetry)
117:Dactylic hexameter
92:
1879:Mercado, Angelo.
1828:978-3-7965-4128-5
1791:of Quintus Ennius
1741:. 25–26: 440–452.
1121:Latin orthography
1100:Civita Castellana
1051:(Classical Latin)
947:(Classical Latin)
369:, an epic on the
363:Livius Andronicus
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685:(3) Epitaph for
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257:Biceps (prosody)
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804:
803:
802:
801:
798:
795:
785:
784:
783:
782:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
760:
759:
758:
757:
756:
755:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:
716:
708:
707:
706:
705:
702:
699:
696:
683:
682:
681:
680:
679:
678:
675:
672:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
659:
656:
653:
645:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
623:fragments 2–4
617:
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
609:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
576:
570:
567:
564:
549:
546:
534:
533:
528:The meter was
526:
521:The meter was
511:
510:
509:
508:
505:
499:
498:
493:
487:
486:
485:
484:
481:
475:
474:
469:
454:(by extension
448:
447:
446:
445:
431:
430:
394:Quintus Ennius
392:verse forms.
375:Gnaeus Naevius
316:
315:
313:
312:
305:
298:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:Sotadean metre
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
192:Sapphic stanza
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
101:
100:
74:
73:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1940:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1856:
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1847:
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1839:
1834:
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1796:
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1471:
1467:
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1396:
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1234:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
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1199:
1196:
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1190:
1186:
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1170:
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1157:
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1122:
1118:
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1113:
1107:
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1103:
1101:
1097:
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1056:
1050:
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1047:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
975:
974:
973:
963:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:
953:
952:
946:
945:
944:
943:
935:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:
925:
924:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
899:
897:
894:(5) Naevius,
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:
875:
873:
868:
860:
853:
850:
849:
848:
846:
841:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
812:
811:
810:
809:
799:
796:
793:
792:
791:
790:
789:
788:
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786:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
761:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
714:
713:
712:
711:
710:
709:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
692:
691:
690:
688:
676:
673:
670:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
657:
654:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:
624:
622:
619:(2) Naevius,
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:
598:
596:
591:
580:
577:
575:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:
560:
558:
553:
545:
543:
539:
531:
527:
524:
520:
519:
518:
516:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
482:
479:
478:
477:
476:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
461:
457:
453:
443:
439:
435:
434:
433:
432:
429:
425:
422:
421:
420:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
336:versification
333:
330:
326:
322:
311:
306:
304:
299:
297:
292:
291:
289:
288:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
237:Metrical foot
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
197:Alcaic stanza
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
112:Latin prosody
110:
108:
107:Greek prosody
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
96:
95:
89:
85:
80:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
1923:Latin poetry
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:bol.ucla.edu
1884:
1874:
1863:
1854:
1850:
1837:
1809:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1713:
1709:
1680:
1676:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1617:
1597:
1592:
1573:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1512:
1497:
1493:
1469:
1451:
1423:
1408:
1364:
1314:
1299:
1289:
1255:
1197:
1178:
1138:
1093:
1086:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
971:
914:
909:
904:
895:
893:
880:
871:
869:
866:
857:
842:
839:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
684:
639:
634:
629:
620:
618:
603:
594:
592:
589:
554:
551:
541:
535:
523:quantitative
512:
495:
490:
471:
466:
449:
441:
427:
423:
414:
406:
379:
366:
356:
348:
344:
340:
320:
319:
272:Porson's Law
207:Anacreontics
172:Aeolic verse
146:
132:Archilochian
62:
56:January 2021
53:
34:
1580:linguistics
1017:(Old Latin)
919:(Old Latin)
874:fragment 1
597:fragment 1
442:Antiquities
202:Ionic metre
48:introducing
1917:Categories
1891:2021-07-20
1881:"research"
1857:: 161–187.
1780:: 207–217.
1754:: 117–137.
1577:generative
1561:References
1411:Paelignian
1292:uncertain)
426:Orīginibus
388:and other
31:references
1767:: 213–36.
1415:Corfinium
1332:epigraphy
1223:minuscule
1215:Sabellian
1185:Etruscoid
530:accentual
386:hexameter
382:classical
321:Saturnian
282:Catalexis
227:Lekythion
88:Old Latin
1500:unknown)
1401:goddess)
1096:Faliscan
863:Examples
586:Examples
407:horridus
341:Odysseia
222:Dochmiac
182:Glyconic
177:Choriamb
167:Choliamb
1635:: 3–73.
1596:Annales
1566:Sources
1498:hanustu
1306:Plestia
1302:Umbrian
872:Odissia
595:Odissia
574:caesura
538:caesura
460:Naevius
399:Plautus
358:Odyssey
349:Odyssia
345:Odissia
44:improve
1851:Glotta
1825:
1789:Annals
1774:Glotta
1730:288073
1728:
1697:288103
1695:
1516:Celtic
1399:Sabine
1330:** In
1219:native
456:Virgil
452:Ennius
416:Brutus
411:Cicero
403:Horace
332:poetic
329:Italic
252:Anceps
33:, but
1726:JSTOR
1693:JSTOR
1644:[
1490:Liber
1488:'May
1409:(10)
1189:Teano
1181:Oscan
572:|| =
390:Greek
353:Homer
325:Latin
1823:ISBN
1787:The
1761:Aiōn
1496:and
1494:deti
1470:deti
1300:(9)
1290:anei
1179:(8)
1094:(7)
438:Cato
327:and
82:The
1815:doi
1752:129
1718:doi
1685:doi
1119:In
373:by
361:by
355:'s
347:or
1919::
1855:51
1853:.
1840:.
1821:.
1778:61
1776:.
1763:.
1750:.
1724:.
1714:14
1712:.
1708:.
1691:.
1681:14
1679:.
1675:.
1633:21
1631:.
1616:.
1317:**
1213:*
419::
1894:.
1831:.
1817::
1765:4
1732:.
1720::
1699:.
1687::
1200:*
1123::
309:e
302:t
295:v
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
