313:. The term arose from a task done by sappers to further the battle after saps were dug. The saps permitted cannons to be brought into firing range of the besieged fort and its cannons, but often the cannons themselves were unable to breach the fort walls. The engineers would dig a tunnel from the forward-most sap up to and under the fort wall, then place a charge of gunpowder and ignite it, causing an explosion that would destroy the wall and permit attacking infantry to close with the enemy. This was dangerous work, often lethal to the sappers, and was fiercely resisted by the besieged enemy. Since the two tasks went hand in hand and were done by the same troops, native Indian engineer corps came to be called "sappers and miners".
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pioneers: the beard, the axe, the leather apron, the crossed-axes insignia, and the leather gloves. If the parades of the Legion are opened by this unit, it is to commemorate the traditional role of the pioneers "opening the way" for the troops. The pioneer unit is made up for parades of selected men
458:
as well as non-standard bridge construction; obstacle and defensive construction; enemy obstacle reduction and clearance, mine warfare; explosive ordnance disposal; water supply using the reverse-osmosis water purification unit; building and maintaining roadways and airfields; combat diving; tactical
1343:
can be literally translated as "special task". Thousands of specially trained elite fighters served in the PAVN and Viet Cong commando–sapper units which were organized as independent formations. While not always successful due to lack of appropriate personal weapon types for combat and assault like
445:
In the
Canadian Forces, sappers exist both in the regular force and reserve force. The rank of sapper is used instead of private trained to signify completion of the basic Engineer training course. Canadian sappers have been deployed in many major conflicts in recent history including World War I,
1005:
engineers companies became the reserve components of the Fire
Services and kept their military organization even after the disappearance of the National Guard in 1852. Sapper-firefighter is the common title of the civilian and Paris firefighters in France, but the other military firefighters units,
1307:
by training soldiers in troop-leading procedures, demolitions (conventional and expedient), and mountaineering operations. The course culminates in an intense field-training exercise that reinforces the use of the battle drills and specialized engineer techniques learned throughout the course. The
231:
the enemy fortifications. Saps were excavated by brigades of trained sappers or instructed troops. When an army was defending a fortress with cannons, they had an obvious height and therefore range advantage over the attacker's guns. The attacking army's artillery had to be brought forward, under
270:
toward the fortress wall. Each leg brought the attacker's artillery closer until the besieged cannon would be sufficiently suppressed for the attackers to breach the walls. Broadly speaking, sappers were originally experts at demolishing or otherwise overcoming or bypassing fortification systems.
1051:
The pioneers units disappeared during the mid-20th c. century, their last appearance being the short-lived
Pioneers Regiments of 1939–1944, a military public works service using the older draftees in the army. Only the Foreign Legion kept using a pioneer unit, mainly for representation duty. The
1348:, they were still capable of inflicting heavy damage with their non-firearms arsenal. During the Vietnam War, they were armed with various types of bombs, mines, explosive charges, grenades and even steel-pellet mines which proved especially devastating. These are still the main weapons of the
917:. The Corps of the Engineers was suppressed during two short periods (1720-1729 and 1769-1793) and sappers and miners were part of the Artillery regiments. In 1793, the Corps was reorganized into companies of miners and battalions of sappers, each assigned to a particular division.
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in 1975, where they seized key road and bridge assets, destroyed installations, attacked command and control nodes located deep inside enemy territory, planted explosives on U.S. water craft, and otherwise helped the PAVN's rapid mobile forces advance. A typical PAVN/VC
1001:), a civilian institution, was re-organized as a military unit in September 1811, becoming the Paris Sappers-Firefighters Battalion. Other cities kept or created civilian firefighters services but used the military ranks and organization of the Paris Battalion. In 1831,
218:
A sapper, in the sense first used by the French military, was one who dug trenches to allow besieging forces to advance towards the enemy defensive works and forts over ground that is under the defenders' musket or artillery fire. It comes from the French word
1695:
not only signifies the opening which is made but also the act of sapping. Richelet, Boyer, and others write the word with one p, Trevoux, and
Belidor with two; but the mere spelling of a word seems not to have been much attended to, even by the best French
459:
breaching; and camp construction. Ultimately, the objective of the sappers is to facilitate the living, moving, and to fight for friendly troops on the battlefield and denying the same to enemy forces. The motto of the
Canadian Military Engineers is
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Designation as a "sapper" is also earned as an additional proficiency. The U.S. Army authorizes four skill tabs for permanent wear above the unit patch on the left shoulder (Army
Regulation 670-1 Chapter 29–13, Sub-Paragraph f). Along with the
682:
Engineer Branch officers were considered technology specialists along with
Artillery Branch (砲兵科) officers in IJA, except Technical Branch (技術科) officers who have an academic degree in science or engineering and developed military technology.
714:(陸軍員外学生) at Imperial University of Tokyo's Engineering Faculty and Science Faculty and obtained degrees. Due to the apparent importance of science and technology, Artillery and Engineering School was renamed Army Science School during
1308:
course is open to enlisted soldiers in the grades of E-4 (P) (Army specialists and corporals on the list for promotion to sergeant) through E-7, cadets, and officers O-3 (Captain) and below. The course is primarily for U.S. Army and
687:
1301:. The Sapper Leader Course is a demanding 28-day leadership development course for combat engineers that reinforces critical skills and teaches advanced techniques needed across the army. It is also designed to build
505:. Each of these groups consist of about twenty battalion-sized engineer regiments and additional company-sized minor engineer units. The three sapper groups are descended from the sapper and miner groups of the
265:
by firing down its length. As they pressed forward, a position was prepared from which a cannon could suppress the defenders on the fort's bastions. The sappers would then change the course of their trench,
1085:
The
Italian Army uses the term "Guastatori" for its combat engineers, "Pionieri" for its construction engineers, "Pontieri" for its bridging engineers, and "Ferrovieri" for its railroad engineers.
944:). In 1875, the distinction between miners and sappers was abolished and all members of the Corps of Engineers were titled sappers-miners, though only sapper was used in common usage. In 1894, the
1368:
organization is shown in the diagram. The raiding force was usually grouped into assault teams, each broken down into several 3–5-man assault cells. Overall, there were generally four operational
722:
2043:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
370:. The term "sapper" was introduced in 1856, when the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners was amalgamated with the officer corps of the Royal Engineers to form the Corps of Royal Engineers.
997:, created in 1810. This company was tasked with the protection of the Imperial palaces after the tragic fire of the Austrian embassy in Paris on 1 July 1810. The Paris Fire Service (
1498:
Rudyard
Kipling's poem "Sappers" (1896) detailed some of the duties of Sappers in the British Army of Victorian times. The notes on this poem further explain the duties referenced.
1379:. A small number of sappers, through surprise and deft coordination, conducted a successful attack on a superior US force. The battle was described as a "rampage of VC who threw
1044:. The danger of such missions resulted in pioneers having short life expectancies. Because of this, the army allowed them certain privileges such as the authorization to wear
1122:(infantry sapper) is a soldier of the infantry branch that has a similar training and who usually serves in the combat support sapper platoon of an infantry battalion. A
1676:
An
Universal Military Dictionary, in English and French: In which are Explained the Terms of the Principal Sciences that are Necessary for the Information of an Officer
431:, the sappers worked through the night of 27/28 September 1918, to repair the bridge to enable the division's wheeled vehicles and guns to follow on 28 September.
755:
1780:
1137:("sapper-firefighters") are the civil municipal professional firefighters that exist in the main cities of the country. The largest unit of this type is the
309:
An additional term applied to sappers of the British Indian Army was "miner." The native engineer corps were called "sappers and miners," for example, the
1282:
identify soldiers who have passed a demanding course of military instruction and have demonstrated their competence in particular specialties and skills.
615:
also maintains a bomb disposal specialist unit. All police sappers must graduate from a 10-month training program at the bomb disposal training center in
419:). Here the retreating Ottoman and German rearguard had blown up the bridge's central arch, which was repaired in five hours by sappers attached to the
2133:
2031:
759:
1040:). They had the mission to advance under enemy fire in order to destroy the obstacles drawn by the enemy and to clear the way for the rest of the
1099:
2161:
January 1919 article about a French engineer using a ground stethoscope to listen for German sappers – "Listening to Enemy Sappers", page 27,
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2219:
2209:
1717:
1889:
2136:
at Wikisource—First person account of the Revolutionary War, as a continental soldier, which includes references to sappers and miners.
1865:
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veteran) says "I left my heart to the sappers round Khe Sanh". However, the only sappers or combat engineers present at the historical
859:
751:. In accordance with the JSDF's nomenclature, this title was devised to avoid the character for 'soldier', which evokes the military.
608:
are qualified as "sapper 11". Both go through additional advance training to gain the skills needed for high level sapper profession.
180:
Sappers facilitate and support the movement, defense, and survival of superordinate and allied forces, and impede those of enemies.
1522:
2214:
2076:
1127:
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The term "sappers", in addition to the connotation of rank of engineer private, is used collectively to informally refer to the
2065:
2015:
940:). In 1814, the companies of miners were integrated into the sapper battalions, themselves organized in Engineers Regiments (
901:
during the late 17th century. Its members were called sappers if their function was to destroy enemy fortifications by using
818:
Sapper : title of combat engineers in most Engineer Regiments (3rd, 13th, 19th and 31st), except in the Foreign Legion (
451:
363:
1961:
566:). These companies are integral part of the infantry brigades. Combat engineering corps sappers are arranged in battalions.
367:
2008:
The National Army Museum Book of The Turkish Front 1914–1918: The Campaigns at Gallipoli, in Mesopotamia and in Palestine
1053:
1019:
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Eventually, as the missions of the Corps grew more diversified, additional titles were used by combat engineers, such as
1906:
1946:
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68:
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1153:, local authorities and large private forestry companies, who cleans and maintain forests and prevents and fights
1356:
845:
737:
310:
833:) : title of the privates of the 25th Air Engineering Regiment, an Army regiment seconded to the Air Force.
1422:
1007:
855:
490:
484:
347:
53:
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75:
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1811:
1403:). These infantries were used in most of the Empire's sieges, demolishing enemy fortifications and defences.
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also took the rank of Sapper. This was adopted as tradition in the Royal Marine Divisional Engineers of the
1659:
1186:
1089:
627:
404:
1118:(engineering sapper) is a soldier of the engineer branch that has specialized combat engineer training. A
2199:
1182:
420:
378:
82:
1309:
1279:
960:). The titled was disused in 1914 when the Air Service took its independence from the Engineering Arm.
601:
390:
359:
227:(to undermine, to dig under a wall or building to cause its collapse). This digging was referred to as
1259:
651:, 工 means "engineer" and 兵 means "soldiers"), or Engineer Branch in English, was a branch (兵科) of the
326:
206:
1290:
1194:
408:
211:
1758:
1110:
In Portugal, the term "sapper" is used both in the military and in the civilian environment. In the
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or bridgemakers were transferred from the Artillery Corps to the Engineers, thus creating the title
1547:
1412:
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at the command bunker, knifed Americans in their sleep and destroyed all communications equipment.
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699:
548:
472:
440:
355:
64:
1731:
1634:
1375:
An instance of a successful sapper attack conducted by the Viet Cong was the during the Battle of
573:(רובאי 06). Combat engineering sappers are qualified as "sapper 06" (פלס 06). They are skilled in
1002:
984:
559:
184:
49:
42:
20:
2145:
2105:
The Desert Mounted Corps: An Account of the Cavalry Operations in Palestine and Syria 1917–1918
1564:
1376:
1262:, the chief of engineers, for conduct that afforded "brilliant proofs of his military genius."
1150:
652:
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as a whole and also forms part of the informal names of the three combat engineer groups, viz.
1709:
1680:
747:, "施設" literally means "facilities"), or Engineer Branch in English, is equivalent to the IJA
334:
watches as soldiers reinforce security at FOB (Forward Operating Base) Shawqat in Afghanistan.
2194:
2162:
1886:
994:
811:
532:
298:
294:
256:
1857:
869:) : title of the firefighters in the civilian fire services and the Paris Fire Brigade.
2086:
1360:
1286:
1222:
1048:. In addition to their beards and axes, they traditionally wear leather aprons and gloves.
952:. In 1909, the Engineering Arm of the Army Staff was entrusted the burgeoning Air Service (
455:
424:
233:
155:
2173:
1197:, it dates back to 1780 but came to its modern form in 1947 following the Independence of
214:
on duty in China in 1900. The mule carries the tools required for field engineering tasks.
8:
510:
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2025:
1743:
1470:
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1247:
1190:
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combat engineers, but may be attended by all service members with an approved waiver.
604:. Combat engineering commanders are qualified as "sapper 08" while combat engineering
177:
Sappers are also trained and equipped to serve secondarily as provisional infantry.
2109:
2061:
2044:
2011:
1942:
1674:
1490:, a fictitious "sapper field" technology is used to disrupt enemy weapons operation.
1369:
1255:
1218:
1169:, sapper officers perform combat and normal engineer duties. The Corps is led by the
280:
1974:
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631:
89:
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302:
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1988:
656:
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1936:
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1111:
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339:
331:
143:
1714:
An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language: Crowned by the French Academy
1517:
1392:
1380:
1345:
1057:
910:
594:
502:
498:
494:
464:
343:
159:
2041:
Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War
569:
Each sapper goes through high level infantry training, which qualifies him as
2188:
2048:
1912:
1478:
1474:
1437:
1424:
1166:
1070:
648:
612:
374:
2058:
Looking Forward, Looking Back: Customs and Traditions of the Australian Army
1254:, and they have fought in every war in U.S. history. For example, after the
619:, which includes operational exercises, theoretical studies, and fieldwork.
174:, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.
2113:
1735:
787:
715:
707:
616:
412:
1010:, do not use the sapper title, as they had no military engineers lineage.
667:
255:, the sappers began the trench at such an angle so as to avoid enemy fire
130:
1466:
1458:
1154:
1029:
514:
1415:
was named in honour of sappers, especially those who graduated from the
770:
543:) is the military profession of a combat soldier who went through basic
1275:
1267:
1233:
1210:
590:
447:
163:
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taken in both the Infantry and the Engineers regiments of the Legion.
1332:
1025:
933:
395:
171:
147:
876:) : since the Napoleonic Wars, combat engineers specialized in
31:
1336:
1335:
sappers, as they were called by US forces, are better described as
1298:
1251:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1041:
990:
928:) in 1810, entrusted with the logistics of the Corps, Firefighter (
877:
598:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
552:
428:
187:
nations, the U.S. military, and the militaries of other countries.
2128:
423:. While the light horse brigades forded the river, continuing the
718:
and was also studied by non-artillery and non-engineer officers.
675:(工兵操典, "Engineers' Manual"), is known as the "father of Japanese
555:
228:
201:
151:
2167:
1178:
1174:
1142:
1045:
902:
897:
The French Corps of Engineers was created under the command of
661:
536:
267:
252:
167:
1964:, Ontario Historical Society, 1913. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
686:
Selected Engineer and Artillery officers were educated at the
293:
which fell as a result of mining by a mixed contingent of the
2139:
1073:, there is the "mechanic" or "Corps of Engineers" (μηχανικό;
244:
16:
Soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties
2152:
Site for tracking down former members of the Royal Engineers
2151:
1938:
Sappers in the Wire: The Life and Death of Firebase Mary Ann
1320:
454:. The roles of a sapper entail: Bridging with the ACROW or
407:
of World War I, Australian sappers repaired a bridge at the
1887:
AR 670-1: Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia
551:, but there are also infantry sappers, who are part of the
1250:, sappers are combat engineers who support the front-line
1126:(NBC sapper) is an engineer branch soldier specialized in
732:
721:
Ordinary personnel at Engineer Branch are educated at the
285:
1285:
To wear the Sapper Tab, a soldier must graduate from the
1149:(forest sappers) are the professionals maintained by the
2038:
239:
This was achieved by digging what the French termed a
1355:
These elite units served as raiders against American/
1201:. Since then it has taken part in all wars including
1359:
troops, and infiltrated spearheads during the final
1242:
US combat engineer setting a charge in World War II
1141:("sapper-firefighters regiment") maintained by the
794:). Military sappers fall under the umbrella of the
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2060:. Wavell Heights, Queensland: Big Sky Publishing.
854:) : since 2006, title of the privates of the
547:training. Most of the sappers are soldiers of the
183:The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and
2186:
1635:"Sapper Leader Course :: FORT LEONARD WOOD"
754:JGSDF Engineer Branch personnel are educated at
638:
373:During the course of the First World War, some
366:, Jamaica Defence Force Engineer Regiment, and
251:). Using techniques developed and perfected by
2179:
2170:, virtual museum of Russian engineering troops
2142:– History of the Royal Engineers (The Sappers)
1056:of the Legion reintroduced the symbols of the
790:, both civil and military, (sapper-fireman or
2083:United States Army Center of Military History
1465:", the narrator (a fictional Australian army
698:(高等科, "Higher Course") was equivalent to the
2030:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2006:Carver, Michael, Field Marshal Lord (2003).
1193:is part of the corps. Initially part of the
2078:Vietnam Studies, Field Artillery, 1954–1973
1962:Ontario History, Papers and Records, Vol. X
956:), its personal was titled sapper-airman (
399:Jisr Benat Yakub repaired (September 1918)
321:
243:(derived from the archaic French word for
2134:The Adventures Of A Revolutionary Soldier
2039:Falls, Cyril; A. F. Becke (maps) (1930).
1583:Learn how and when to remove this message
1457:In the 1978 song by Australian rock band
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1546:This article includes a list of general
1319:
1237:
1128:nuclear, biological and chemical warfare
967:
888:
769:
626:
394:
325:
284:
205:
129:
2101:
1707:
1100:8th Parachute Assault Engineer Regiment
733:Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF)
2187:
2055:
2005:
1855:
840:) : title of the privates of the
694:). Artillery and Engineering School's
2180:Adventures of a Revolutionary Soldier
2176:, Colonel (sapper), Military Engineer
1934:
1858:"Israel Police get 1st female sapper"
1672:
1493:
1315:
1227:
1036:, sometimes called sappers-pioneers (
993:was a military sapper company of the
858:, the combat engineering unit of the
844:, the combat engineering unit of the
688:Army Artillery and Engineering School
364:South African Army Engineer Formation
223:, itself being derived from the verb
1941:. Texas A & M University Press.
1532:
346:. This is also the case within the
232:fire, so as to facilitate effective
190:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2074:
1411:Sapper Island, St. Joseph Channel,
1177:. The current Engineer-in-Chief is
1020:Foreign Legion Pioneers (Pionniers)
893:French Imperial Guard sappers, 1810
774:Insignia of French military sappers
634:and Gen. Uehara in 1915 (Taishō 4).
415:at Jisr Benat Yakub (also known as
13:
2220:Military ranks of the British Army
2210:Military ranks of the Commonwealth
1856:Efraim, Omri (20 September 2011).
1816:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
1783:from the original on 15 March 2018
1660:"What does sapeur mean in French?"
1552:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1484:In the 2008 science-fiction novel
989:The first fire company created by
14:
2231:
2121:
1868:from the original on 2 April 2015
1773:"Roman military entrenching tool"
1720:from the original on 26 July 2018
1523:Viet Cong and PAVN Sapper attacks
1386:
860:9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade
558:and are organized in engineering
316:
2127:
1896:U.S. Army, revised: 11 May 2012.
1716:. Clarendon Press. p. 352.
1537:
1417:Royal Military College of Canada
1324:Sapper formation- PAVN/Viet Cong
1160:
1139:Regimento de Bombeiros Sapadores
842:17th Parachute Engineer Regiment
593:, breaching and opening routes,
527:Israeli Combat Engineering Corps
352:Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
338:Sapper (abbreviated Spr) is the
210:Soldiers of No 2 Field Company,
30:
2215:Military ranks of British India
1999:
1981:
1967:
1955:
1928:
1919:
1899:
1880:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1812:"Sapper PLATER, FREDERICK JOHN"
1673:James, Charles (1816). "Sape".
1329:PAVN (People's Army of Vietnam)
963:
671:system to IJA and authored the
311:Royal Bombay Sappers and Miners
41:needs additional citations for
2148:– Origins of the term "Sapper"
2108:. London: Constable & Co.
1822:
1804:
1795:
1765:
1701:
1666:
1652:
1627:
1602:
1221:. The corps is taking part in
1024:Since the 18th century, every
1008:Marseille Naval Fire Battalion
909:and miners if they engaged in
485:Indian Army Corps of Engineers
478:
348:Indian Army Corps of Engineers
170:-building, laying or clearing
1:
1935:Nolan, Keith William (2007).
1528:
1452:
1095:32nd Alpine Engineer Regiment
824:2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment
820:1st Foreign Engineer Regiment
710:, continued their studies as
2056:Jobson, Christopher (2009).
1595:
1187:Military Engineering Service
1090:2nd Alpine Engineer Regiment
659:, who introduced the French
639:Imperial Japanese Army (IJA)
405:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
384:
7:
1501:
1395:had an infantry corp named
1339:units. The Vietnamese term
1289:, which is operated by the
1258:, General Washington cited
1183:Frontier Works Organization
1105:
1013:
782:) is the title of military
421:Australian Mounted Division
368:Royal New Zealand Engineers
10:
2236:
2102:Preston, R. M. P. (1921).
1231:
1017:
982:
884:
602:combat engineering vehicle
524:
482:
471:) a motto shared with the
438:
391:Royal Australian Engineers
388:
360:Royal Australian Engineers
278:
199:
158:duties, such as breaching
154:who performs a variety of
18:
2075:Ott, David Ewing (1975).
2010:. London: Pan Macmillan.
1911:, US Army, archived from
1708:Brachet, Auguste (1882).
1406:
1291:U.S. Army Engineer School
1195:Indian Corps of Engineers
1064:
973:Sapeurs-pompiers de Paris
765:
706:graduates, like Lt. Gen.
520:
434:
212:Bombay Sappers and Miners
195:
1846:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 568
1413:Algoma District, Ontario
1080:
622:
549:Combat Engineering Corps
473:Royal Canadian Artillery
441:Royal Canadian Engineers
356:Royal Canadian Engineers
274:
2163:Scanned by Google Books
1777:Museum of London Prints
1614:www.merriam-webster.com
1567:more precise citations.
1280:President's Hundred Tab
1260:Louis Lebègue Duportail
1213:. It has completed the
1145:municipal council. The
985:Fire services in France
322:Commonwealth of Nations
134:Modern sapper equipment
21:Sapper (disambiguation)
2146:Royal Engineers Museum
2140:Royal Engineers Museum
1679:. T. Egerton. p.
1610:"Definition of SAPPER"
1325:
1243:
980:
894:
846:11th Parachute Brigade
775:
653:Imperial Japanese Army
635:
468:
400:
335:
306:
215:
135:
1438:46.31556°N 83.95806°W
1323:
1241:
1120:sapador de infantaria
1116:sapador de engenharia
995:French Imperial Guard
971:
954:Aérostation militaire
892:
856:6th Engineer Regiment
802:. A related title is
773:
756:JGSDF Engineer School
729:) and other schools.
712:Rikugun Ingai Gakusei
630:
533:Israel Defense Forces
398:
329:
288:
209:
133:
2205:Military engineering
2081:. Washington, D.C.:
1892:16 July 2011 at the
1361:Ho Chi Minh Campaign
1287:Sapper Leader Course
1223:Operation Zarb-e-Azb
1147:sapadores florestais
1054:current pioneer unit
1032:had a small unit of
938:sapeur-télégraphiste
865:Sapper firefighter (
810:), used only in the
723:Army Engineer School
597:, and operating the
456:Medium Girder Bridge
425:Desert Mounted Corps
379:Royal Naval Division
234:counter-battery fire
156:military engineering
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2089:on 19 December 2021
1915:on 9 September 2006
1801:Jobson 2009, p. 96.
1443:46.31556; -83.95806
1434: /
1181:Khalid Asghar. The
1135:bombeiros-sapadores
950:sapeurs-pontonniers
838:sapeur parachutiste
778:In France, sapper (
511:British Indian Army
2200:Combat occupations
1925:Ott 1975, pp.1–42.
1837:Carver 2003 p. 242
1494:In popular culture
1471:Battle of Khe Sanh
1377:Fire Base Mary Ann
1326:
1316:PAVN and Viet Cong
1272:Special Forces Tab
1256:Battle of Yorktown
1248:United States Army
1244:
1228:United States Army
1191:Survey of Pakistan
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977:Paris Fire Brigade
942:régiments du génie
895:
836:Parachute Sapper (
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545:combat engineering
507:East India Company
452:War in Afghanistan
446:World War II, the
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2132:Works related to
2067:978-0-9803251-6-4
2017:978-0-283-07347-2
1828:Preston pp. 261–2
1751:External link in
1593:
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1295:Fort Leonard Wood
1219:Karakoram Highway
1171:Engineer-in-Chief
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191:Historical origin
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1397:Lağımcılar Ocağı
958:sapeur-aérostier
852:sapeur de marine
784:combat engineers
700:Army War College
342:' equivalent of
330:A sapper of the
305:on 23 July 1839.
303:First Afghan War
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142:, also called a
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525:Main article:
522:
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509:and later the
503:Bombay Sappers
499:Bengal Sappers
495:Madras Sappers
491:Engineer Corps
483:Main article:
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61:Find sources:
55:
51:
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39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
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2195:Land warfare
2156:
2104:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:the original
2077:
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2007:
2000:Bibliography
1983:
1969:
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1913:the original
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1870:. Retrieved
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1785:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1754:|quote=
1736:Google Books
1729:
1722:. Retrieved
1713:
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1691:
1684:. Retrieved
1675:
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1642:. Retrieved
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1617:. Retrieved
1613:
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1579:
1570:
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1497:
1485:
1483:
1456:
1410:
1401:Sapper Corps
1400:
1399:(literally:
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807:
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716:World War II
711:
708:Takeo Yasuda
703:
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413:Jordan River
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106:January 2018
103:
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86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1862:Israel News
1732:p. 352
1565:introducing
1467:Vietnam War
1459:Cold Chisel
1441: /
1217:portion of
1124:sapador NBQ
1030:French Army
979:) on parade
946:pontonniers
741:Shisetsu-ka
673:Kōhei Sōten
571:rifleman 06
515:British Raj
479:Indian Army
403:During the
301:during the
268:zig-zagging
164:demolitions
2189:Categories
1548:references
1529:References
1453:In fiction
1429:83°57′29″W
1426:46°18′56″N
1276:Ranger Tab
1268:Sapper Tab
1234:Sapper Tab
1232:See also:
1211:Kargil War
1151:government
1058:Napoleonic
991:Napoléon I
983:See also:
655:. General
643:In Japan,
591:explosives
469:everywhere
450:, and the
448:Korean War
279:See also:
258:enfilading
200:See also:
172:minefields
76:newspapers
2049:256950972
2026:cite book
1989:"Sappers"
1975:"Sappers"
1744:cite book
1730:Image of
1596:Citations
1573:June 2013
1333:Viet Cong
1173:who is a
1075:michaniko
1026:grenadier
934:telegraph
922:Conductor
760:陸上自衛隊施設学校
668:ingénieur
589:, use of
560:companies
385:Australia
148:combatant
1890:Archived
1872:12 March
1866:Archived
1787:14 March
1781:Archived
1724:14 March
1718:Archived
1696:writers.
1686:14 March
1502:See also
1463:Khe Sanh
1381:satchels
1370:echelons
1366:đặc công
1350:đặc công
1341:đặc công
1337:commando
1299:Missouri
1252:infantry
1215:Pakistan
1207:1971 War
1203:1965 War
1199:Pakistan
1189:and the
1106:Portugal
1042:infantry
1034:pioneers
1014:Pioneers
936:sapper (
903:trenches
878:demining
808:pionnier
749:Kōhei-ka
645:Kōhei-ka
606:officers
599:IDF Puma
587:demining
583:landmine
579:sabotage
575:infantry
556:brigades
553:infantry
501:and the
429:Damascus
65:"Sapper"
2114:3900439
1644:1 April
1619:1 April
1561:improve
1481:units.
1246:In the
1165:In the
1069:In the
885:History
804:pioneer
702:. Some
696:Kōtō-ka
564:palchan
539:: פלס,
531:In the
513:of the
411:of the
344:private
229:sapping
202:Sapping
152:soldier
146:, is a
90:scholar
2112:
2064:
2047:
2014:
1945:
1710:"Sape"
1550:, but
1407:Honors
1344:other
1278:, and
1270:, the
1179:Lt Gen
1175:Lt Gen
1143:Lisbon
1065:Greece
1046:beards
780:sapeur
766:France
727:陸軍工兵学校
704:Kōtōka
692:陸軍砲工学校
662:sapeur
537:Hebrew
521:Israel
461:Ubique
435:Canada
295:Bombay
291:Ghazni
253:Vauban
221:sapeur
196:Sapper
168:bridge
140:sapper
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2093:3 May
1693:Sappe
1081:Italy
738:JGSDF
677:Kōhei
623:Japan
541:palas
465:Latin
275:Miner
263:sappe
245:spade
241:sappe
225:saper
97:JSTOR
83:books
2110:OCLC
2095:2009
2062:ISBN
2045:OCLC
2032:link
2012:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1874:2015
1789:2018
1759:help
1726:2018
1688:2018
1646:2022
1621:2022
1391:The
1357:ARVN
1331:and
1310:USMC
1209:and
1133:The
1114:, a
915:mine
907:sape
822:and
786:and
611:The
297:and
261:the
69:news
1734:at
1681:781
1461:, "
1419:.
1293:at
1077:).
913:or
905:or
798:or
762:).
745:施設科
665:or
649:工兵科
247:or
150:or
52:by
2191::
2028:}}
2024:{{
1864:.
1860:.
1814:.
1779:.
1775:.
1748::
1746:}}
1742:{{
1728:.
1712:.
1690:.
1637:.
1612:.
1372:.
1352:.
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1157:.
1130:.
814:.
581:,
517:.
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475:.
467::
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362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
236:.
166:,
162:,
138:A
2116:.
2097:.
2070:.
2051:.
2034:)
2020:.
1951:.
1876:.
1818:.
1791:.
1761:)
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