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131:. To overcome these disadvantages, some cities built separate sanitary sewers to collect only municipal wastewater and exclude stormwater runoff, which is collected in separate storm drains. The decision to build a combined sewer system or two separate systems is mainly based on the need for sewage treatment and the cost of providing treatment during heavy rain events. Many cities with combined sewer systems built their systems prior to installing sewage treatment plants, and have not subsequently replaced those sewer systems.
413:, sealing all cracks and breaks in the pipe. Today, a similar method using epoxy resin is used by some municipalities to re-line aging or damaged pipes, effectively creating a "pipe in a pipe". These methods may be unsuitable for locations where the full diameter of the original pipe is required to carry expected flows, and may be an unwise investment if greater wastewater flows may be anticipated from population growth, increased water use, or new service connections within the expected service life of the repair.
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construction inspection program is required to prevent inappropriate connection of cellar, yard, and roof drains to sanitary sewers. The probability of inappropriate connections is higher where combined sewers and sanitary sewers are found in close proximity, because construction personnel may not recognize the difference. Many older cities still use combined sewers while adjacent suburbs were built with separate sanitary sewers.
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gradients may be selected to maintain flow velocities generating sufficient turbulence to minimize solids deposition within the sewer. Commercial and industrial wastewater flows are also considered, but diversion of surface runoff to storm drains eliminates wet weather flow peaks of inefficient combined sewers.
313:
Where it is impossible or impractical to discharge sewage from a property into a gravity sanitary sewer, a pressure sewer may provide an alternative means of connection. A macerator pump in a pumping well close to the property ejects sewage through a small diameter high pressure pipe into the nearest
298:
plant or a distributed treatment system for further treatment. Most of the solids are removed by the septic tanks, so the treatment plant can be much smaller than a typical plant. In addition, because of the vast reduction in solid waste, a pumping system, rather than a gravity system, can be used to
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Design and sizing of sanitary sewers considers the population to be served over the anticipated life of the sewer, per capita wastewater production, and flow peaking from timing of daily routines. Minimum sewer diameters are often specified to prevent blockage by solid materials flushed down toilets;
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is a pumped sewer that may be necessary where gravity sewers serve areas at lower elevations than the sewage treatment plant, or distant areas at similar elevations. A lift station is a sewer sump that lifts accumulated sewage to a higher elevation. They may also be used to prime an inverted siphon
400:
are problems unique to sanitary sewers, since both combined sewers and storm drains are sized to carry these contributions. Holding infiltration to acceptable levels requires a higher standard of maintenance than necessary for structural integrity considerations of combined sewers. A comprehensive
328:
Simplified sanitary sewers consist of small-diameter pipes, typically around 100 millimetres (4 in), often laid at fairly flat gradients (1 in 200). Although the investment cost for simplified sanitary sewers can be about half the cost of conventional sewers, the requirements for operation and
194:
View looking down into an open manhole showing two converging sanitary sewer lines. The larger line enters from the right and changes direction within the manhole to exit from the top of the photo. A smaller line enters from the bottom of the photo under the access steps. The concrete floor of the
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For decades, when sanitary sewer pipes cracked or experienced other damage, the only option was an expensive excavation, removal and replacement of the damaged pipe, typically requiring street repavement afterwards. In the mid-1950s a unit was invented where two units at each end with a special
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collection was impractical. Combined sewers were built to use surface runoff to flush waste off streets and move it underground to places distant from populated areas. Sewage treatment became necessary as population expanded, but increased volumes and pumping capacity required for treatment of
238:
Pipes conveying sewage from an individual building to a common gravity sewer line are called laterals. Branch sewers typically run under streets receiving laterals from buildings along that street and discharge by gravity into trunk sewers at manholes. Larger cities may have sewers called
3612:
423:
These methods are most suitable for trunk sewers, since repair of lines with lateral connections is complicated by making provisions to receive lateral flows without accepting undesirable infiltration from inadequately sealed junctions.
685:"Design and Construction Guidance for foul and surface water sewers offered for adoption under the Code for adoption agreements for water and sewerage companies operating wholly or mainly in England ("the Code")"
299:
move the wastewater. The pipes have small diameters, typically 1.5 to 4 inches (4 to 10 cm). Because the waste stream is pressurized, they can be laid just below the ground surface along the land's contour.
482:
in the mid-20th century or later generally have built separate systems for sewage (sanitary sewers) and stormwater, because precipitation causes widely varying flows, reducing sewage treatment plant efficiency.
4743:
235:. The manholes are used for access to the sewer pipes for inspection and maintenance, and as a means to vent sewer gases. They also facilitate vertical and horizontal angles in otherwise straight pipelines.
264:
used to cross underneath rivers or other obstructions. The pump may discharge to another gravity sewer or directly to a treatment plant. Force mains are typically constructed of welded steel or
420:, where a new pipe, typically PVC or ABS plastic, is drawn through the old pipe behind an "expander head" that breaks apart the old pipe as the new one is drawn through behind it.
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Some sewers have tall vent pipes to release foul gases well up away from people. Common names for these pipes are stink pipe, stink pole, stench pipe and sewer ventilation pipe.
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351:. Pipelines range in size from pipes of 125 millimetres (4.9 in) in diameter up to 280 millimetres (11 in) in diameter. Vacuum sewer systems use differential
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is less effective when sanitary waste is diluted with stormwater, and combined sewer overflows occur when runoff from heavy rainfall or
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facilities. To avoid such overflows, maintenance is required. Blockage prevention campaigns or regulations (e.g. requiring the use of
19:
This article is about the modern sewer system for carrying waste. For sewers designed to carry the street runoff drainage system, see
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mixture in between was pulled from one manhole cover to the next, coating the pipe with the cement under high pressure, which then
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pipe. Sanitary sewers are sized to carry the amount of sewage generated by the collection area. These sewers are much smaller than
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which serve individual properties or groups of properties and provide a means of injecting sewage into a local gravity main.
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540:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). August 2004. p. ES-2. EPA-833-R-04-001.
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The maintenance requirements vary with the type of sanitary sewer. In general, all sewers deteriorate with age, but
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583:(2nd Revised Edition). Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Duebendorf, Switzerland.
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Effluent sewer systems, also called septic tank effluent drainage (STED) or solids-free sewer (SFS) systems, have
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658:. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1969. pp. 2, 288.
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from residences and businesses, and the effluent that comes out of the tank is sent to either a centralized
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223:, connect the mains to the surface. Depending upon site application and use, these vertical pipes can be
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from buildings to one or more levels of larger underground trunk mains, which transport the sewage to
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900:(Report). Cincinnati, OH: EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory. EPA/600/JA-99/275.
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jointed to resist pressures within the pipe. Force mains are substantially different from
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infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
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directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid
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diluted waste from combined sewers is more expensive than treating undiluted sewage.
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Sanitary sewers evolved from combined sewers built where water was plentiful. Animal
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1972:
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2012:
1992:
1922:
1780:
1664:
1614:
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1109:
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1006:
513:
479:
385:
is discharged from a sanitary sewer into the environment prior to reaching
348:
342:
105:
377:
can occur due to blocked or broken sewer lines, infiltration of excessive
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4203:
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467:
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moved people and goods. Accumulations of animal feces encouraged dumping
287:
203:
Interior of a large sanitary sewer viewed from an access manhole chamber.
109:
89:
20:
4525:
4247:
3739:
3097:
3082:
2847:
2734:
2714:
2601:
2566:
2528:
2523:
2368:
2243:
2007:
1967:
1735:
1599:
1299:
1241:
1063:
971:
486:
In the UK, the term "foul sewer" was also in use for a sanitary sewer.
471:
378:
66:
2878:
International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
150:
4623:
4442:
4012:
3893:
3719:
3272:
3011:
2852:
2709:
2704:
2643:
2177:
2142:
2105:
1977:
1942:
1907:
1902:
1872:
1569:
1516:
1368:
1226:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1144:
1028:
577:
Tilley, E., Ulrich, L., LĂĽthi, C., Reymond, Ph., ZurbrĂĽgg, C. (2014)
416:
Another popular method for replacing aged or damaged lines is called
367:
329:
maintenance are usually higher. Simplified sewers are most common in
167:
108:. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or
4489:
4242:
3876:
3846:
3242:
3202:
3122:
2918:
2606:
1952:
1932:
1887:
1862:
1841:
1496:
1388:
1323:
937:
224:
124:
81:
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2283:
2187:
2167:
2043:
1423:
1175:
1043:
981:
507:
3801:
3182:
631:(4th ed.). Lanham, MD: Government Institutes. p. 423.
4456:
3157:
3112:
2944:
2653:
2621:
2127:
2100:
1957:
1947:
1438:
1428:
1236:
496:
451:
450:
Old brick sanitary sewer from second half of the 19th century.
406:
382:
330:
291:
58:
178:
100:. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than
80:
and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or
4618:
3152:
3015:
2556:
2518:
2162:
2132:
1343:
1268:
459:
4744:
Committee on the
Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
4550:
2633:
2438:
2027:
1917:
1810:
906:
733:
Wastewater
Treatment/Disposal for Small Communities: Manual
442:
History of water supply and sanitation § Sewer systems
265:
190:
33:
3010:
347:
In low-lying communities, wastewater is often conveyed by
84:. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry
898:
The
Historical Development of Wet-Weather Flow Management
199:
57:
is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting
38:
550:
538:
Report to
Congress: Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs
195:
manhole has channels to minimize accumulation of solids.
88:. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate
1491:
554:
Wastewater
Engineering: collection, treatment, disposal
735:(Report). EPA. 1992. pp. 84–88. EPA 625/R-95/005.
370:
sanitary sewer (bottom) submerged in trash and fecalia
713:. Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management Toolbox
673:(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1–24.
162:
Schematic of a conventional sanitary sewer to convey
656:
800:"Sewer Sealing Machine Patches Cracks Underground."
3670:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
381:or malfunction of pumps. In these cases untreated
580:Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
4975:
355:to move the liquid to a central vacuum station.
871:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p.
775:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p.
139:
3817:
2996:
1826:
1284:
922:
504:at Wikimedia Commons (sanitary sewer network)
243:, receiving flow from multiple trunk sewers.
833:
215:facilities. Vertical pipes, usually made of
862:
766:
708:
4779:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3824:
3810:
3003:
2989:
1833:
1819:
1291:
1277:
929:
915:
827:
393:by some customers) may also be necessary.
4739:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
4729:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
817:"Is this just the tip of the stink pole?"
602:"Acu-Sewer Pressure Pipe for Sewer Mains"
896:Burrian, Steven J.; et al. (1999).
863:Steel, E.W.; McGhee, Terence J. (1979).
767:Steel, E.W.; McGhee, Terence J. (1979).
445:
362:
198:
189:
177:
157:
149:
32:
16:Underground pipe for transporting sewage
4784:Health departments in the United States
3700:High-level radioactive waste management
2888:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
895:
889:
669:Tyler, Richard G. (1959). "Section 9".
4976:
4789:Council on Education for Public Health
1258:History of water supply and sanitation
739:
650:
648:
557:. New York: McGraw–Hill. p. 119.
26:"Stink pole" redirects here. See also
4847:Professional degrees of public health
4754:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
3805:
2984:
1814:
1272:
910:
814:
760:
668:
530:
4944:
4837:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
3715:Sewage regulation and administration
2838:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
628:Environmental Engineering Dictionary
4956:
4105:Workers' right to access the toilet
3946:Human right to water and sanitation
709:Stauffer, Beat; Spuhler, Dorothee.
645:
624:
317:
207:In the developed world, sewers are
45:, which are designed to also carry
13:
1680:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
462:accumulated on city streets while
186:for a sanitary sewer access point.
127:exceeds the hydraulic capacity of
14:
5005:
4378:Commercial determinants of health
3831:
2158:Push-to-pull compression fittings
1550:Agricultural wastewater treatment
690:. Water UK. March 2020. p. 6
551:Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1972).
302:
275:
170:from households to a centralized
37:Sanitary sewer installation with
4955:
4943:
4932:
4931:
3961:National public health institute
3765:
3764:
3753:
3695:Extended producer responsibility
3181:
1794:
1793:
747:Water and Waste-Water Technology
495:
333:and other developing countries.
4358:Open-source healthcare software
4100:Sociology of health and illness
3253:Mechanical biological treatment
1610:Industrial wastewater treatment
1580:Decentralized wastewater system
957:Decentralized wastewater system
856:
808:
793:
725:
336:
4719:Caribbean Public Health Agency
4531:Sexually transmitted infection
4428:Statistical hypothesis testing
4189:Occupational safety and health
4090:Sexual and reproductive health
4003:Occupational safety and health
1298:
702:
677:
662:
618:
594:
571:
544:
427:
358:
250:
76:Sanitary sewers are a type of
1:
4373:Social determinants of health
1630:Rotating biological contactor
749:(1975) John Wiley & Sons
524:
4433:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
4194:Human factors and ergonomics
2898:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
2449:Reduced pressure zone device
1840:
936:
7:
4614:Good manufacturing practice
4418:Randomized controlled trial
3705:History of waste management
2893:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
2612:Instant hot water dispenser
2414:Piping and plumbing fitting
834:Bellis, Mary (2018-03-31).
815:Lloyd, Chris (2008-07-16).
489:
140:Conventional gravity sewers
10:
5012:
4684:Theory of planned behavior
4609:Good agricultural practice
4514:Public health surveillance
4406:epidemiological statistics
4050:Public health intervention
3293:fluorescent lamp recycling
2239:Backflow prevention device
2224:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
1695:Wastewater treatment plant
1462:Adsorbable organic halides
1166:Biogenic sulfide corrosion
1135:Stormwater detention vault
671:Civil Engineering Handbook
439:
435:
340:
321:
306:
279:
143:
115:
25:
18:
4984:Environmental engineering
4927:
4862:
4821:
4806:World Toilet Organization
4801:World Health Organization
4708:
4697:
4634:
4559:
4475:
4403:
4368:Public health informatics
4308:
4113:
4075:Right to rest and leisure
3904:Globalization and disease
3839:
3748:
3662:
3631:
3541:
3393:
3190:
3179:
3026:
2932:
2906:
2866:
2811:
2773:
2692:
2537:
2499:Thermostatic mixing valve
2216:
2036:
1848:
1789:
1703:
1530:
1467:Biochemical oxygen demand
1452:
1306:
1250:
1214:
1158:
1130:Sewer gas destructor lamp
1077:
1015:
944:
867:Water Supply and Sewerage
836:"The History of Plumbing"
771:Water Supply and Sewerage
4852:Schools of public health
4644:Diffusion of innovations
4343:Health impact assessment
4055:Public health laboratory
3951:Management of depression
3675:China's waste import ban
2229:Automatic bleeding valve
1868:Compatibility (chemical)
464:animal-powered transport
134:
98:combined sewer overflows
4989:Sewerage infrastructure
4915:Social hygiene movement
4842:Doctor of Public Health
4674:Social cognitive theory
4476:Infectious and epidemic
4258:Fecal–oral transmission
3036:Agricultural wastewater
2434:Pressure-balanced valve
2429:Pressure vacuum breaker
2138:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
2080:Drain-waste-vent system
2060:Chemical drain cleaners
1655:Sewage sludge treatment
1595:Fecal sludge management
1555:API oil–water separator
1522:Wastewater surveillance
1191:Sanitary sewer overflow
1090:Combined sewer overflow
962:Drain-waste-vent system
625:Lee, C.C., ed. (2005).
606:Acu-Tech Piping Systems
398:infiltration and inflow
375:Sanitary sewer overflow
154:Manhole access to sewer
129:sewage treatment plants
28:Drain-waste-vent system
4910:Germ theory of disease
4689:Transtheoretical model
3760:Environment portal
3438:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3328:water recycling shower
2955:Template:Public health
2627:water recycling shower
2597:Hot water storage tank
1928:Onsite sewage facility
1512:Total suspended solids
1507:Total dissolved solids
1472:Chemical oxygen demand
1016:Construction materials
478:Communities that have
455:
371:
204:
196:
187:
175:
155:
71:sewage treatment plant
50:
4794:Public Health Service
4679:Social norms approach
4669:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
4115:Preventive healthcare
4008:Pharmaceutical policy
3857:Chief Medical Officer
3128:Municipal solid waste
3108:Industrial wastewater
2940:Fire sprinkler system
2649:Tankless water heater
2592:Garbage disposal unit
2577:Electric water boiler
2049:British Standard Pipe
1379:Industrial wastewater
1232:Industrial wastewater
449:
440:Further information:
366:
202:
193:
181:
161:
153:
104:which also transport
86:industrial wastewater
36:
4870:Sara Josephine Baker
4769:Public Health Agency
4654:Health communication
4519:Disease surveillance
4485:Asymptomatic carrier
4467:Statistical software
4155:Preventive nutrition
3983:Medical anthropology
3872:Environmental health
3323:water heat recycling
3228:Garden waste dumping
2639:Storage water heater
2208:Water heat recycling
2116:National Pipe Thread
2018:Water supply network
1721:Groundwater recharge
805:, April 1956, p. 86.
711:"Pressurised Sewers"
502:KanalizaÄŤnĂ pĹ™Ăpojka
353:atmospheric pressure
63:commercial buildings
4880:Carl Rogers Darnall
4875:Samuel Jay Crumbine
4649:Health belief model
4502:Notifiable diseases
4438:Regression analysis
4273:Waterborne diseases
3862:Cultural competence
3690:Eco-industrial park
3278:appliance recycling
3198:Anaerobic digestion
3143:Post-consumer waste
3041:Biodegradable waste
2970:Template:Wastewater
2828:Hydrostatic testing
2469:Rooftop water tower
2065:Compression fitting
1635:Secondary treatment
1620:Membrane bioreactor
1575:Constructed wetland
1374:Infiltration/Inflow
1215:Liquids transported
1186:Infiltration/Inflow
1069:Vitrified clay pipe
1059:Reinforced concrete
997:Simplified sewerage
510:(sewer obstruction)
470:into streets where
391:grease interceptors
324:Simplified sewerage
4478:disease prevention
4413:Case–control study
4085:Security of person
3934:Health care reform
3735:Waste minimisation
3680:Cleaner production
3345:Reusable packaging
3258:Mechanical sorting
3061:Construction waste
2924:Waterborne disease
2823:Hydronic balancing
2582:Evaporative cooler
2547:Accessible bathtub
2444:Radiator (heating)
2424:Pressure regulator
2319:Double check valve
2294:Concentric reducer
2095:Garden Hose Thread
1988:Thermal insulation
1858:Air gap (plumbing)
1800:Category: Sewerage
1761:Septic drain field
1726:Infiltration basin
1670:Stabilization pond
1590:Facultative lagoon
1454:Quality indicators
1334:Blackwater (waste)
1314:Acid mine drainage
1222:Blackwater (waste)
456:
372:
205:
197:
188:
176:
156:
51:
4971:
4970:
4923:
4922:
4833:Higher education
4664:Positive deviance
4659:Health psychology
4635:Health behavioral
4562:safety management
4536:Social distancing
4310:Population health
4290:Smoking cessation
4238:Pharmacovigilance
4209:Injury prevention
4177:Infection control
4095:Social psychology
4045:Prisoners' rights
3988:Medical sociology
3956:Public health law
3852:Biological hazard
3799:
3798:
3730:Waste legislation
3639:Sanitation worker
3613:London Convention
3549:Bamako Convention
3340:Resource recovery
3308:textile recycling
3303:plastic recycling
3283:battery recycling
3223:Ecological design
3148:Radioactive waste
2978:
2977:
2960:Template:Sewerage
2907:Health and safety
2883:NSF International
2693:Specialized tools
2572:Drinking fountain
2539:Plumbing fixtures
2419:Plug (sanitation)
2404:Nipple (plumbing)
2324:Eccentric reducer
2304:Coupling (piping)
2269:Chemigation valve
2122:Nominal Pipe Size
2085:Ductile iron pipe
1983:Thermal expansion
1808:
1807:
1585:Extended aeration
1532:Treatment options
1482:Oxygen saturation
1329:Blackwater (coal)
1307:Sources and types
1266:
1265:
1125:Sewer dosing unit
1078:Related equipment
1049:Interceptor ditch
823:. Darlington, UK.
821:The Northern Echo
803:Popular Mechanics
589:978-3-906484-57-0
500:Media related to
5001:
4959:
4958:
4947:
4946:
4935:
4934:
4829:Health education
4706:
4705:
4560:Food hygiene and
4541:Tropical disease
4353:Infant mortality
4328:Community health
4204:Controlled Drugs
4140:Health promotion
4070:Right to housing
3914:Health economics
3826:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3768:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3623:OSPAR Convention
3554:Basel Convention
3365:Waste collection
3355:Sewage treatment
3313:timber recycling
3288:bottle recycling
3268:Reclaimed lumber
3263:Photodegradation
3185:
3103:Industrial waste
3071:Electronic waste
3066:Demolition waste
3046:Biomedical waste
3020:waste management
3005:
2998:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2965:Template:Toilets
2730:Flare-nut wrench
2489:Submersible pump
2314:Dielectric union
2234:Automatic faucet
2193:Thread seal tape
2153:Plastic pipework
1913:Hydrostatic loop
1878:Drain (plumbing)
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1797:
1796:
1716:Evaporation pond
1704:Disposal options
1675:Trickling filter
1660:Sewage treatment
1560:Carbon filtering
1540:Activated sludge
1293:
1286:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1140:Submersible pump
1115:Sanitary manhole
931:
924:
917:
908:
907:
902:
901:
893:
887:
886:
870:
860:
854:
850:
848:
847:
838:. Archived from
831:
825:
824:
812:
806:
797:
791:
790:
774:
764:
758:
745:Hammer, Mark J.
743:
737:
736:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
706:
700:
699:
697:
695:
689:
681:
675:
674:
666:
660:
659:
652:
643:
642:
622:
616:
615:
613:
612:
598:
592:
575:
569:
568:
548:
542:
541:
534:
499:
387:sewage treatment
318:Simplified sewer
296:sewage treatment
217:precast concrete
213:sewage treatment
172:sewage treatment
121:Sewage treatment
61:from houses and
5011:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4994:Water pollution
4974:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4919:
4890:Margaret Sanger
4858:
4817:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4636:
4630:
4602:Safety scandals
4561:
4555:
4477:
4471:
4405:
4399:
4395:Social medicine
4388:Race and health
4323:Child mortality
4304:
4263:Open defecation
4145:Human nutrition
4135:Family planning
4123:Behavior change
4109:
4065:Right to health
3978:Maternal health
3968:Health politics
3919:Health literacy
3835:
3830:
3800:
3795:
3771:Category: Waste
3752:
3744:
3725:Waste hierarchy
3658:
3649:Waste collector
3627:
3618:Oslo Convention
3537:
3389:
3385:Waste-to-energy
3380:Waste treatment
3350:Right to repair
3248:Landfill mining
3233:Illegal dumping
3186:
3177:
3138:Packaging waste
3133:Open defecation
3093:Hazardous waste
3022:
3009:
2979:
2974:
2928:
2902:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2793:Pressure sensor
2775:
2769:
2745:Plumber's snake
2688:
2669:Water dispenser
2659:Washing machine
2533:
2359:Flushing trough
2309:Diaphragm valve
2299:Condensate pump
2279:Circulator pump
2259:Butterfly valve
2212:
2183:Solvent welding
2075:Crimp (joining)
2032:
1998:Trap (plumbing)
1973:Surface tension
1850:
1844:
1839:
1809:
1804:
1785:
1751:Reclaimed water
1699:
1625:Reverse osmosis
1526:
1448:
1414:Reverse osmosis
1339:Boiler blowdown
1302:
1297:
1267:
1262:
1246:
1210:
1154:
1073:
1023:Asbestos cement
1011:
940:
935:
905:
894:
890:
883:
861:
857:
845:
843:
832:
828:
813:
809:
798:
794:
787:
765:
761:
744:
740:
731:
730:
726:
716:
714:
707:
703:
693:
691:
687:
683:
682:
678:
667:
663:
654:
653:
646:
639:
623:
619:
610:
608:
600:
599:
595:
576:
572:
565:
549:
545:
536:
535:
531:
527:
519:Water pollution
492:
444:
438:
430:
361:
345:
339:
326:
320:
314:gravity sewer.
311:
305:
284:
278:
270:pressure sewers
253:
148:
142:
137:
118:
102:combined sewers
43:combined sewers
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5009:
5008:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4953:
4941:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4703:
4698:Organizations,
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4404:Biological and
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4370:
4365:
4363:Multimorbidity
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4300:Vector control
4297:
4292:
4287:
4285:School hygiene
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:Sanitary sewer
4265:
4260:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4226:Patient safety
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:Harm reduction
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3762:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Street sweeper
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:United Kingdom
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:tire recycling
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:land recycling
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Biodegradation
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:Surface runoff
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Chemical waste
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2869:organizations
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2833:Leak detection
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2803:Water metering
2800:
2798:Water detector
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:Plumber wrench
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2684:Water softener
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2514:Vacuum ejector
2511:
2509:Vacuum breaker
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Faucet aerator
2331:
2329:Expansion tank
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Sewage pumping
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2111:Leak detection
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2055:Cast iron pipe
2052:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Venturi effect
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Sanitary sewer
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1883:Drinking water
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:Surface runoff
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Sanitary sewer
1753:
1748:
1746:Marine outfall
1743:
1741:Marine dumping
1738:
1733:
1731:Injection well
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Combined sewer
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Settling basin
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1545:Aerated lagoon
1542:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1477:Coliform index
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1419:Sanitary sewer
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:Produced water
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Combined sewer
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Sewage pumping
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1034:Cast iron pipe
1031:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
992:Sanitary sewer
989:
987:Pressure sewer
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Effluent sewer
964:
959:
954:
952:Combined sewer
948:
946:
942:
941:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
904:
903:
888:
881:
855:
826:
807:
792:
785:
759:
738:
724:
701:
676:
661:
644:
637:
617:
593:
570:
563:
543:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
505:
491:
488:
437:
434:
429:
426:
360:
357:
341:Main article:
338:
335:
319:
316:
309:Pressure sewer
304:
303:Pressure sewer
301:
282:Effluent sewer
277:
276:Effluent sewer
274:
252:
249:
144:Main article:
141:
138:
136:
133:
117:
114:
94:surface runoff
55:sanitary sewer
47:surface runoff
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5007:
5006:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4964:
4963:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:Joseph Lister
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Health Canada
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:Organizations
4707:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4546:Vaccine trial
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Relative risk
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Health equity
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Health system
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Global health
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Biostatistics
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Right to food
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3993:Mental health
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Housing First
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Health system
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:Health policy
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3833:Public health
3827:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3792:
3791:Organizations
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Landfill fire
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:EU directives
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3533:United States
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Waste sorting
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Marine debris
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Template:HVAC
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Plumbing code
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:and standards
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Control valve
2781:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Drain cleaner
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Hose coupling
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Closet flange
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Threaded pipe
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Flare fitting
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Copper tubing
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Grade (slope)
1896:
1894:
1893:Friction loss
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Sedimentation
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Sewage sludge
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
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1359:Cooling water
1357:
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1354:Cooling tower
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1171:Blocked Sewer
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1085:Chopper pumps
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1039:Concrete pipe
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977:Gravity sewer
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842:on 2017-10-14
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418:pipe bursting
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411:cured rapidly
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290:that collect
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184:manhole cover
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146:Gravity sewer
132:
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107:
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78:gravity sewer
74:
73:or disposal.
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
44:
40:
35:
29:
22:
4960:
4948:
4936:
4905:Radium Girls
4900:Typhoid Mary
4587:Microbiology
4457:
4449:
4333:Epidemiology
4267:
4231:Organization
4182:Oral hygiene
4172:Hand washing
4150:Healthy diet
4080:Right to sit
3973:Labor rights
3663:Other topics
3654:Waste picker
3581:incineration
3360:Urban mining
3238:Incineration
3218:Durable good
3163:Sharps waste
3123:Mining waste
2843:Pipe marking
2816:and services
2812:Professions,
2760:Strap wrench
2700:Basin wrench
2679:Water heater
2674:Water filter
2587:Flush toilet
2562:Dehumidifier
2504:Trench drain
2484:Street elbow
2474:Safety valve
2459:Relief valve
2399:Needle valve
2384:Grinder pump
2354:Flow limiter
2339:Float switch
2274:Chopper pump
2254:Booster pump
2203:Tube bending
2148:Pipe support
2013:Water hammer
1993:Thermosiphon
1937:
1923:Neutral axis
1781:Vacuum sewer
1755:
1665:Sewer mining
1615:Ion exchange
1565:Chlorination
1487:Heavy metals
1444:Urban runoff
1418:
1384:Ion exchange
1364:Fecal sludge
1110:Lift station
1100:Grinder pump
1054:Plastic pipe
1007:Vacuum sewer
991:
891:
866:
858:
844:. Retrieved
840:the original
829:
820:
810:
802:
795:
770:
762:
746:
741:
727:
715:. Retrieved
704:
692:. Retrieved
679:
670:
664:
655:
627:
620:
609:. Retrieved
605:
596:
578:
573:
553:
546:
532:
514:Sewer mining
485:
477:
468:chamber pots
457:
431:
422:
415:
403:
395:
373:
349:vacuum sewer
346:
343:Vacuum sewer
337:Vacuum sewer
327:
312:
288:septic tanks
285:
260:
256:
254:
245:
241:interceptors
240:
237:
206:
119:
106:urban runoff
90:storm drains
75:
54:
52:
4962:WikiProject
4702:and history
4582:Engineering
4295:Vaccination
4167:Food safety
3685:Downcycling
3632:Occupations
3601:waste water
3498:Switzerland
3488:South Korea
3478:New Zealand
3403:Afghanistan
3375:Waste trade
3335:Repurposing
3173:Toxic waste
3153:Scrap metal
3088:Green waste
3051:Brown waste
3028:Major types
2788:Flow sensor
2776:and control
2774:Measurement
2765:Tap and die
2740:Pipe wrench
2725:Driving cap
2617:Laundry tub
2494:Tap (valve)
2479:Sewage pump
2464:Riser clamp
2409:Pinch valve
2379:Grease trap
2374:Globe valve
2364:Flushometer
2349:Floor drain
2344:Float valve
2264:Check valve
2249:Bleed screw
2023:Water table
1963:Storm sewer
1849:Fundamental
1771:Storm drain
1766:Sewage farm
1690:Vermifilter
1645:Septic tank
1605:Imhoff tank
1502:Temperature
1409:Return flow
1399:Papermaking
1181:First flush
1095:Grease trap
1002:Storm drain
428:Ventilation
359:Maintenance
261:rising main
251:Force mains
225:cylindrical
110:groundwater
92:may convey
21:storm drain
4978:Categories
4715:Caribbean
4592:Processing
4526:Quarantine
4448:Student's
4248:Sanitation
3882:History of
3740:Zero waste
3542:Agreements
3473:Kazakhstan
3428:Bangladesh
3213:Composting
3098:Heat waste
3083:Food waste
3076:by country
2848:Pipefitter
2735:Pipecutter
2715:Core drill
2602:Humidifier
2567:Dishwasher
2529:Zone valve
2524:Water tank
2369:Gate valve
2244:Ball valve
2217:Components
2037:Technology
2008:Wastewater
1968:Stormwater
1736:Irrigation
1600:Filtration
1300:Wastewater
1251:Background
1242:Stormwater
1105:Maceration
1064:Steel pipe
972:Force main
846:2018-05-14
717:18 January
694:18 January
611:2018-10-03
525:References
472:night soil
454:, New Town
379:stormwater
322:See also:
307:See also:
280:See also:
257:force main
233:concentric
164:blackwater
67:stormwater
4895:John Snow
4822:Education
4812:Full list
4700:education
4624:ISO 22000
4577:Chemistry
4490:Epidemics
4443:ROC curve
4253:Emergency
4033:Radiation
4013:Pollution
3997:Ministers
3894:Euthenics
3720:Upcycling
3586:landfills
3576:framework
3569:Recycling
3564:batteries
3493:Sri Lanka
3453:Hong Kong
3418:Australia
3395:Countries
3273:Recycling
3191:Processes
3012:Biosolids
2867:Industry
2853:Pipelayer
2710:Borescope
2705:Blowtorch
2644:Sump pump
2178:Soldering
2143:Pipe dope
2106:Hydronics
1978:Tap water
1943:Sewer gas
1908:Heat trap
1903:Greywater
1873:Corrosion
1570:Clarifier
1517:Turbidity
1369:Greywater
1227:Greywater
1206:Sewer rat
1201:Sewer gas
1196:Sewer fly
1145:Sump pump
1029:Brickwork
480:urbanized
368:Stoneware
229:eccentric
219:, called
174:facility.
168:greywater
65:(but not
4938:Category
4637:sciences
4572:Additive
4243:Safe sex
4214:Medicine
4128:Theories
3899:Genomics
3877:Eugenics
3867:Deviance
3847:Auxology
3781:Journals
3596:vehicles
3518:Thailand
3508:Tanzania
3243:Landfill
3203:Balefill
2933:See also
2919:Scalding
2607:Icemaker
2394:Manifold
1953:Sewerage
1933:Pressure
1888:Fuel gas
1863:Backflow
1851:concepts
1842:Plumbing
1497:Salinity
1389:Leachate
1324:Bathroom
1159:Problems
938:Sewerage
490:See also
221:manholes
125:snowmelt
82:sewerage
4950:Commons
4863:History
4760:Canada
4735:Europe
4219:Nursing
4199:Hygiene
4162:Hygiene
3887:Liberal
3840:General
3448:Georgia
3423:Belgium
3413:Armenia
3408:Albania
2858:Plumber
2814:trades,
2755:Plunger
2664:Washlet
2552:Bathtub
2454:Reducer
2284:Cistern
2188:Swaging
2168:Sealant
2044:Brazing
1424:Septage
1176:Fatberg
1044:Culvert
982:Outfall
852:Alt URL
508:Fatberg
436:History
116:Purpose
69:) to a
4750:India
4725:China
4597:Safety
4278:Worker
3769:
3523:Turkey
3513:Taiwan
3483:Russia
3463:Israel
3433:Brazil
3158:Sewage
3113:Litter
3018:, and
2945:Piping
2654:Urinal
2622:Shower
2128:O-ring
2101:Gasket
1958:Siphon
1948:Sewage
1798:
1439:Toilet
1429:Sewage
1394:Manure
1237:Sewage
879:
783:
753:
635:
587:
561:
452:Prague
407:cement
383:sewage
331:Brazil
292:sewage
59:sewage
4775:U.S.
4619:HACCP
4568:Food
4460:-test
4452:-test
4038:Light
4023:Water
3786:Lists
3776:Index
3503:Syria
3468:Japan
3458:India
3443:Egypt
3016:waste
2557:Bidet
2519:Valve
2163:Putty
2133:Oakum
2124:(NPS)
2118:(NPT)
2097:(GHT)
2051:(BSP)
1344:Brine
945:Types
757:p.442
688:(PDF)
460:feces
231:, or
209:pipes
135:Types
4551:WASH
4507:List
4495:List
4028:Soil
3606:WEEE
3591:RoHS
2634:Sink
2439:Pump
2028:Well
1918:Leak
1685:UASB
1150:Trap
1025:pipe
877:ISBN
781:ISBN
751:ISBN
719:2022
696:2022
633:ISBN
585:ISBN
559:ISBN
266:HDPE
166:and
4018:Air
873:318
259:or
39:PVC
4980::
3014:,
1492:pH
875:.
819:.
779:.
777:22
647:^
604:.
255:A
227:,
182:A
53:A
4814:)
4810:(
4458:Z
4450:t
3999:)
3995:(
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2990:v
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1820:v
1292:e
1285:t
1278:v
930:e
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916:v
885:.
849:.
789:.
721:.
698:.
641:.
614:.
591:.
567:.
49:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
