69:
1175:
241:
227:
has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The saturation level is only nominally dependent on the temperature of the water. At 20 °C (68 °F) one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3
223:(ppm). The USGS salinity scale defines three levels of saline water. The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%); in moderately saline water is 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%); and in highly saline water is 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%).
1006:
727:(3.5% dissolved salt by weight) is 0.6 W/mK at 25 °C (77 °F). The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing salinity and increases with increasing temperature. The salt content can be determined with a
232:(% w/w). At 100 °C (212 °F) (the boiling temperature of pure water), the amount of salt that can be dissolved in one liter of water increases to about 391 grams, a concentration of 28.1% w/w.
1014:
841:
716:
by weight. At 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K), brine can only hold about 26% salt. At 20 °C one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%.
1070:
164:
1091:
137:
1037:
1062:
200:
749:
1110:
Plots of thermal conductivity vs. temperature for 0, 5, ... 25 w/w NaCl/water solutions. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
1179:
1145:
1107:
744:
and temperatures from 200 to 575 °C (392 to 1,067 °F) can be approximated with a linear equation:
157:
35:
941:. The majority of this hydrogen produced through electrolysis is a side product in the production of
229:
17:
1120:
150:
46:
1194:
127:
720:
8:
1199:
712:
At 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28%
216:
1033:
220:
42:
1153:
703:
275:
192:
122:
1092:
Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data
196:
971:
208:
86:
1188:
741:
245:
938:
1108:
https://handbook.ashrae.org/Handbooks/F17/SI/F17_Ch31/figures/F31sf08.jpg
728:
81:
68:
132:
281:
189:
117:
1157:
1032:(86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. pp. 8–71, 8–116.
986:
981:
942:
934:
724:
224:
204:
112:
60:
31:
734:
269:
1174:
1052:
CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics, 63rd Edition 1982-1983.
976:
212:
185:
96:
713:
258:
27:
Water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts
240:
30:"Salt water" redirects here. For water in the oceans, see
1121:"Thermal conductivity of seawater and its concentrates"
41:
For saline solution in medicine and life science, see
752:
835:
1067:University of Wisconsin Fundamentals of Chemistry
215:. The salt concentration is usually expressed in
1186:
158:
836:{\displaystyle \rho =a_{3}-(a_{2}\cdot T)}
165:
151:
1144:Dittman, Gerald L. (February 16, 1977).
239:
1143:
14:
1187:
188:that contains a high concentration of
1030:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
937:gas produced worldwide is created by
1027:
207:scale, saline water is saltier than
24:
1073:from the original on 31 March 2016
694:At some ambient temperature (20°C)
252:Properties of water-NaCl mixtures
25:
1211:
1168:
1146:"Calculation of Brine Properties"
1094:Paper published in April 2010 on
1173:
67:
1150:Lawrence Livermore Laboratories
1137:
1113:
1101:
928:
201:United States Geological Survey
1085:
1055:
1046:
1021:
999:
830:
827:
821:
802:
783:
756:
697:
688:
679:
670:
13:
1:
992:
235:
7:
965:
685:At some ambient temperature
676:At some ambient temperature
99:(> 5% up to 26%–28% max)
36:Salt water (disambiguation)
10:
1216:
40:
29:
1028:Lide, D. R., ed. (2005).
1013:. c. 2004. Archived from
180:(more commonly known as
1098:. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
47:Saline (disambiguation)
1007:"Sodium Chloride MSDS"
933:About four percent of
837:
248:
211:, but less salty than
45:. For other uses, see
34:. For other uses, see
1182:at Wikimedia Commons
953:O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H
845:where the values of a
838:
243:
750:
740:of brine at various
721:thermal conductivity
266:Freezing point (°F)
263:Freezing point (°C)
253:
55:Part of a series on
833:
251:
249:
219:(permille, ‰) and
217:parts per thousand
138:Bodies by salinity
1178:Media related to
926:
925:
666:
665:
230:percent by weight
221:parts per million
175:
174:
43:Saline (medicine)
16:(Redirected from
1207:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1152:. Livermore CA.
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1117:
1111:
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1099:
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1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1003:
949:2 NaCl(aq) + 2 H
852:
851:
842:
840:
839:
834:
814:
813:
798:
797:
782:
781:
769:
706:
704:Eutectic mixture
701:
695:
692:
686:
683:
677:
674:
276:Refractive index
254:
250:
167:
160:
153:
123:Hypersaline lake
71:
52:
51:
21:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
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1204:
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1158:10.2172/7111583
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1022:
1005:
1004:
1000:
995:
968:
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956:
952:
931:
867:
861:
848:
809:
805:
793:
789:
777:
773:
765:
751:
748:
747:
710:
709:
702:
698:
693:
689:
684:
680:
675:
671:
238:
197:sodium chloride
171:
142:
104:Bodies of water
95:
90:
85:
76:Salinity levels
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1170:
1169:External links
1167:
1164:
1163:
1136:
1125:twt.mpei.ac.ru
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1100:
1084:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1020:
1017:on 2021-02-09.
997:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
972:Brackish water
967:
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801:
796:
792:
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785:
780:
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768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
742:concentrations
708:
707:
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687:
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668:
667:
664:
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445:
442:
439:
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430:
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416:
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402:
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379:
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325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
306:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
286:
285:
279:
278:at 589 nm
273:
267:
264:
261:
237:
234:
209:brackish water
173:
172:
170:
169:
162:
155:
147:
144:
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130:
125:
120:
115:
109:
106:
105:
101:
100:
87:Brackish water
78:
77:
73:
72:
64:
63:
61:Water salinity
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1212:
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1192:
1190:
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1122:
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1041:
1039:0-8493-0486-5
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1016:
1012:
1011:Sigma Aldrich
1008:
1002:
998:
988:
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980:
978:
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969:
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918:
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904:
903:
899:
896:
893:
892:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
870:
863:
857:
855:Weight %
854:
853:
850:
843:
824:
818:
815:
810:
806:
799:
794:
790:
786:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
753:
745:
743:
739:
736:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
705:
700:
691:
682:
673:
669:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
645:
642:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
627:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
347:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
260:
256:
255:
247:
246:phase diagram
242:
233:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
168:
163:
161:
156:
154:
149:
148:
146:
145:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
93:
88:
83:
80:
79:
75:
74:
70:
66:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1195:Liquid water
1180:Saline water
1172:
1149:
1139:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1066:
1063:"Solubility"
1057:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1015:the original
1010:
1001:
939:electrolysis
932:
929:Electrolysis
844:
746:
737:
733:
718:
711:
699:
690:
681:
672:
181:
178:Saline water
177:
176:
92:Saline water
91:
84:(< 0.05%)
1096:web.mit.edu
729:salinometer
244:Water-NaCl
82:Fresh water
1189:Categories
1130:2018-02-16
1077:6 November
993:References
236:Properties
199:). On the
182:salt water
133:Brine pool
1200:Solutions
816:⋅
800:−
754:ρ
282:Viscosity
190:dissolved
118:Salt lake
89:(0.05–3%)
18:Saltwater
1071:Archived
987:Seawater
982:Salinity
966:See also
957:(g) + Cl
943:chlorine
935:hydrogen
725:seawater
225:Seawater
205:salinity
195:(mainly
128:Salt pan
113:Seawater
32:Seawater
735:Density
298:0.99984
270:Density
203:(USGS)
1036:
922:77.85
911:76.21
900:74.86
889:73.72
878:72.60
662:1.676
659:1.3795
650:−19.18
624:1.557
621:1.3684
618:1.1478
612:−16.46
604:1.463
601:1.3648
598:1.1319
592:−14.04
584:1.388
581:1.3612
578:1.1162
572:−11.89
564:1.317
561:1.3576
558:1.1008
541:1.3541
538:1.0857
524:1.193
521:1.3505
518:1.0707
504:1.168
501:1.3488
498:1.0633
484:1.145
481:1.3470
478:1.0559
464:1.124
461:1.3453
458:1.0486
444:1.104
441:1.3435
438:1.0413
424:1.085
421:1.3418
418:1.0340
404:1.068
401:1.3400
398:1.0268
384:1.052
381:1.3383
378:1.0196
364:1.036
361:1.3365
358:1.0125
341:1.3347
338:1.0053
324:1.011
321:1.3339
318:1.0018
304:1.002
301:1.3330
284:(cP )
272:(g/cm)
257:NaCl,
94:(3–5%)
977:Brine
919:0.030
908:0.032
897:0.035
886:0.039
875:0.043
849:are:
656:1.193
653:−2.52
638:1.179
635:−5.98
632:−21.1
575:10.60
555:14.11
552:−9.94
544:1.25
535:17.28
532:−8.18
515:20.19
512:−6.56
495:21.54
492:−5.81
475:22.86
472:−5.08
455:24.12
452:−4.38
435:25.34
415:26.51
412:−3.05
395:27.66
392:−2.41
375:28.78
372:−1.79
355:29.86
352:−1.19
344:1.02
335:30.94
332:−0.59
315:31.46
213:brine
193:salts
186:water
184:) is
97:Brine
1079:2014
1034:ISBN
719:The
714:salt
629:23.3
615:2.37
595:6.73
432:−3.7
312:−0.3
1154:doi
961:(g)
723:of
309:0.5
259:wt%
1191::
1148:.
1123:.
1069:.
1065:.
1009:.
945:.
916:25
905:20
894:15
883:10
731:.
647:26
609:20
589:18
569:16
549:14
529:12
509:10
295:32
1160:.
1156::
1133:.
1081:.
1042:.
959:2
955:2
951:2
872:5
866:3
864:a
860:2
858:a
847:n
831:)
828:]
825:F
822:[
819:T
811:2
807:a
803:(
795:3
791:a
787:=
784:]
779:3
775:t
771:f
767:/
763:b
760:l
757:[
738:ρ
489:9
469:8
449:7
429:6
409:5
389:4
369:3
349:2
329:1
292:0
289:0
166:e
159:t
152:v
49:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
