594:
585:
229:
156:
27:
1714:
Asshaima
Paramita Devi, Thuc-Huy Duong, Solenn Ferron, Mehdi A Beniddir, Minh-Hiep Dinh, Van-Kieu Nguyen, Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen Pham, Dinh-Hung Mac, Joël Boustie, Warinthorn Chavasiri, Pierre Le Pogam (2020). "Salazinic acid-derived depsidones and diphenylethers with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from
693:
is higher where the annual mean temperature is higher, and the content of the lichens growing on the dark-coloured rock or on the southern rock face is higher than that of the lichens growing on the light-coloured rock or on the northern rock face.
686:
species showed higher quantities of salazinic acid correlating with increases in altitude. An earlier study demonstrated other possible effects of environmental conditions on salazinic acid content. It was shown that the salazinic acid content of
1713:
1776:
Pham, Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen; Tran, Nguyen-Minh-An; Truong Nguyen, Huy; Pham, Duc-Dung; Nguyen, Thi-Quynh-Trang; Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Anh; Nguyen, Huu-Tri; Do, Thanh-Hung; Nguyen, Ngoc-Hong; Duong, Thuc-Huy (2022).
1578:
Shukla, Vertika; Patel, D.K.; Bajpai, Rajesh; Semwal, Manoj; Upreti, D.K. (2015). "Ecological implication of variation in the secondary metabolites in
Parmelioid lichens with respect to altitude".
1985:
Papong, Khwanruan
Butsatorn; Mangold, Armin; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2014). "New species and new records of thelotremoid Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Thailand".
452:. Subsequent studies tried to determine the influence of environmental factors on the production of salazinic acid in culture. For example, two studies in the late 1980s showed that only 4-
93:
1298:
Ingólfsdóttir, Kristı́n; Chung, Gavin A.C.; Skúlason, Vilhjálmur G.; Gissurarson, Stefán R.; Vilhelmsdóttir, Margrét (1998). "Antimycobacterial activity of lichen metabolites in vitro".
712:
1810:
van den Boom, Pieter P.G.; Sipman, Harrie J.M. (2013). "Sixty-two species of lirelliform
Graphidaceae (Ascomycota) new to Panama, with four species newly described to science".
624:
2107:
Sutjaritturakan, Jutarat; Saipunkaew, Wanaruk; Boonpragob, Kansri; Kalb, Kalb (2014). "New species of
Graphidaceae (Ostropales) Lecanoromycetes) from southern Thailand".
657:
of that genus. A 2020 revision included 66 salazinic acid-containing species. The presence or absence of the compound is also important in the classification of genus
609:
869:
401:
1425:
Eifler-Lima, V. L.; Sperry, A.; Sinbandhit, S.; Boustie, J.; Tomasi, S.; Schenkel, E. (2000). "NMR spectral data of salazinic acid isolated from some species of
1374:
Papierska, Katarzyna; Krajka-Kuźniak, Violetta; Paluszczak, Jarosław; Kleszcz, Robert; Skalski, Marcin; Studzińska-Sroka, Elżbieta; Baer-Dubowska, Wanda (2021).
718:
1333:
Honda, N.K.; Pavan, F.R.; Coelho, R.G.; de
Andrade Leite, S.R.; Micheletti, A.C.; Lopes, T.I.B.; Misutsu, M.Y.; Beatriz, A.; Brum, R.L.; Leite, C.Q.F. (2010).
743:
703:
603:
802:
1652:
Elix, John A.; Wardlaw, Judith H. (1999). "The structure of chalybaeizanic acid and quaesitic acid, two new lichen depsidones related to salazinic acid".
418:
444:
1762:
707:
1259:
Manojlovića, Nedeljko; Ranković, Branislav; Kosanić, Marijana; Vasiljević, Perica; Stanojković, Tatjana (2012). "Chemical composition of three
1136:
Hamada, Nobuo; Miyagawa, Hisashi (1995). "Secondary metabolites from isolated lichen mycobionts cultured under different osmotic conditions".
1679:
O'Donovan, Donal G.; Roberts, George; Keogh, Myles F. (1980). "Structure of the β-orcinol depsidones, connorstictic and consalazinic acids".
2178:
268:
252:
InChI=1S/C18H12O10/c1-5-2-8(21)6(3-19)13-9(5)16(23)27-14-7(4-20)12(22)10-11(15(14)26-13)18(25)28-17(10)24/h2-3,18,20-22,25H,4H2,1H3
514:
range between 260–268 °C (500–514 °F) that undergo a colour change to brown at about 240 °C (464 °F). Its
2147:
1442:
986:
1039:"Formation of lichen substances by mycobionts of lichens. Isolation of (+) usnic acid and salazinic acid from mycobionts of
568:
1002:
Shibata, Shoji (2000). "Yasuhiko
Asahina (1880–1975) and his studies on lichenology and chemistry of lichen metabolites".
1376:"Lichen-derived depsides and depsidones modulate the Nrf2, NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells"
1101:
Hamada, Nobuo (1989). "The effect of various culture conditions on depside production by an isolated lichen mycobiont".
1857:
243:
2183:
470:. When extra sucrose was added to the growth medium, the production of salazinic acid was observed; the increased
340:
1015:
151:
1621:
Hamada, N. (1982). "The effect of temperature on the content of the medullary depsidone salazinic acid in
1171:
Iskandar, I.K.; Syers, J.K. (1971). "Solubility of lichen compounds in water: pedogenetic implications".
207:
113:
775:
of their published lichen species, thereby acknowledging the presence of this compound as an important
756:
224:
163:
1901:
2193:
2173:
2044:"New species in the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota) from Australia and the Solomon Islands"
899:
889:
792:
784:
380:
2142:. Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 28. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. p. 109.
1263:
lichens and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some their major metabolites".
456:-demethylbarbatic acid (a precursor of salazinic acid) was produced by the isolated mycobiont of
449:
2043:
1959:
1874:
396:
1756:
879:
855:
752:
471:
133:
39:
2188:
927:
913:
8:
845:
832:
819:
584:
537:
228:
155:
69:
59:
2089:
1827:
1744:
1696:
1603:
1446:
1402:
1375:
1241:
1188:
1153:
1118:
1019:
776:
723:
689:
593:
458:
1692:
1311:
1206:
Candan, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Meral; Tay, Turgay; Erdem, Murat; Türk, Ayşen Özdemir (2007).
1149:
2168:
2143:
1853:
1748:
1736:
1607:
1595:
1407:
1356:
1315:
1280:
1233:
982:
628:
557:
532:
487:
1831:
1700:
1450:
1245:
1192:
1157:
1023:
747:. Several new synthesised derivatives of salazinic acid were reported in 2021 using
195:
2116:
2081:
2013:
1994:
1819:
1790:
1728:
1688:
1661:
1634:
1587:
1558:
1526:
1521:
1510:
Hale: the isidiate, sorediate, and pustulate species with medullary salazinic acid"
1505:
1484:
1438:
1397:
1387:
1346:
1307:
1272:
1223:
1180:
1145:
1110:
1087:
1083:
1054:
1011:
959:
423:
413:
291:
1795:
1778:
1351:
1334:
1276:
671:
406:
2120:
1998:
1852:. Opera Botanica. Vol. 42. Stockholm: Lund Botanical Society. p. 130.
1074:
Hamada, Nobuo; Ueno, Tamio (1987). "Depside from an isolated lichen mycobiont".
541:. Recent (2021) research indicates that salazinic acid is a potent modulator of
405:
as salazinic acid. Later studies showed that the compound he named was actually
2065:
861:
772:
760:
731:
683:
675:
614:
553:
503:
334:
1823:
1591:
1547:
Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules"
1489:
1468:
1392:
1184:
2162:
963:
679:
650:
528:
511:
463:
144:
1563:
1542:
1740:
1599:
1411:
1360:
1284:
1237:
1228:
1207:
1319:
438:
rings. Japanese chemists demonstrated in the late 1960s that the isolated
807:
748:
667:
654:
636:
507:
435:
1779:"Design, modification, and bio-evaluation of salazinic acid derivatives"
1732:
1373:
1059:
1038:
2106:
2093:
1122:
981:. Tokyo: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. pp. 130–134.
919:
837:
824:
659:
645:
640:
632:
564:
515:
375:
369:
319:
164:
124:
1297:
811:
439:
431:
356:
2085:
1931:
in Great Smoky
Mountains National Park; southeastern North America:
1665:
1638:
1443:
10.1002/1097-458X(200006)38:6<472::AID-MRC658>3.0.CO;2-P
1258:
1114:
333:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
43:
1,3-Dihydro-1,4,10-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-3,7-dioxo-7
905:
727:
523:
434:, that is, a seven-membered ring with an oxygen bridge binding two
399:
named the chemical he originally isolated from the
African species
1424:
546:
92:
467:
427:
360:
182:
26:
1462:
1460:
1332:
780:
571:
spectral assignments for salazinic acid were reported in 2000.
510:. In its purified form, it exists as colourless needles with a
364:
104:
2018:(Pertusariales, lichenized Ascomycota) from eastern Australia"
1803:
1457:
550:
384:
82:
771:
Several authors have explicitly named salazinic acid in the
212:
2100:
1984:
1838:
1467:
Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto (2020).
1016:
10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0710:yaahso]2.0.co;2
542:
416:
and J. Asano studied salazinic acid they had isolated from
276:
CC1=CC(=C(C2=C1C(=O)OC3=C(O2)C4=C(C(=C3CO)O)C(=O)OC4O)C=O)O
2068:; Nash, Thomas H. (1992). "A synopsis of the lichen genus
950:
Zopf, Wilhelm (1897). "Zur
Kenntniss der Flechtenstoffe".
1879:(Graphidaceae) in Australia: new reports and new species"
1775:
1678:
1672:
1291:
1129:
970:
2014:"Seven new species and a new record in the lichen genus
1164:
1030:
1645:
1577:
1418:
2005:
1252:
674:, helping the lichen to survive in conditions of both
379:, where its presence or absence is often used to help
1367:
1067:
726:
similar to salazinic acid. In consalazinic acid, the
2058:
1205:
643:). The compound is common in the large lichen genus
1978:
1809:
1571:
1208:"Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen
1466:
1335:"Antimycobacterial activity of lichen substances"
1326:
1199:
2160:
1951:
1927:Tønsberg, T. (2007). "Notes on the lichen genus
1769:
1707:
531:properties, but it did not have any substantive
430:components. The fundamental structure was named
194:
1844:
1473:(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) with salazinic acid"
68:
2127:
1845:Brodo, Irwin M.; Hawksworth, David L. (1977).
1135:
976:
1920:
1534:
1170:
1036:
1957:
1761:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1580:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
1497:
47:-isobenzofurobenzodioxepin-11-carboxaldehyde
2035:
1958:Wang, S.L.; Chen, J.B.; Elix, J.A. (2001).
1866:
1651:
1614:
1300:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
995:
730:group of salazinic acid is replaced with a
518:in water is about 27 milligrams per litre.
448:could produce salazinic acid when grown in
2011:
1094:
1073:
977:Asahina, Yasuhiko; Shibata, Shoji (1954).
478:-demethylbarbatic acid to salazinic acid.
227:
154:
132:
2133:
1893:
1794:
1562:
1525:
1488:
1401:
1391:
1350:
1227:
1058:
2064:
1926:
943:
741:-Methylsalazinic acid was isolated from
466:medium supplemented with low amounts of
1540:
1503:
1037:Komiya, Takeya; Shibata, Shoji (1969).
1001:
666:In nature, salazinic acid serves as an
223:
16:Chemical compound found in some lichens
2161:
2041:
1964:(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China"
1872:
1620:
1100:
145:
1960:"Two new species of the lichen genus
1076:Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
649:, and plays an important role in the
255:Key: QQTKVXCQLZIJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
112:
1899:
1047:Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
949:
874:Papong, Mangold & Lücking (2014)
697:
2179:Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings
1212:and its salazinic acid constituent"
783:are listed here, followed by their
185:
13:
1850:and allied genera in North America
623:Salazinic acid is derived via the
426:with seven members containing two
14:
2205:
2012:Archer, A.W.; Elix, J.A. (2017).
1902:"A monograph of the lichen genus
952:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
367:, and is especially prevalent in
2140:(Alectoriaceae) in the New World
1216:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
797:van den Boom & Sipman (2013)
592:
583:
303:
25:
2134:Esslinger, Theodore L. (1989).
2072:(Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae)".
1654:Australian Journal of Chemistry
1431:Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
521:The compound has been shown in
337:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1088:10.1080/00021369.1987.10868233
979:Chemistry of Lichen Substances
713:Xanthoparmelia amphixanthoides
309:
297:
1:
1693:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)91070-7
1312:10.1016/s0928-0987(97)00078-x
1150:10.1016/s0024-2829(95)80018-2
937:
860:Sheng L.Wang, J.B.Chen &
574:
481:
474:enhances the reaction from 4-
1796:10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103535
1783:Arabian Journal of Chemistry
1477:Plant and Fungal Systematics
1352:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.018
1277:10.1016/j.phymed.2012.07.012
884:A.W.Archer & Elix (2017)
710:, isolated from the lichens
617:that contain salazinic acid.
535:effects when tested against
7:
2121:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.22
1999:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.16
10:
2210:
1627:Canadian Journal of Botany
766:
625:acetyl polymalonyl pathway
390:
363:ring. It is found in some
1824:10.13158/heia.26.1.2013.9
1592:10.1007/s11356-015-5311-z
1490:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0028
1393:10.3390/molecules26164787
1185:10.1017/s0024282971000082
787:and year of publication:
757:Friedel-Crafts alkylation
331:
284:
264:
239:
52:
38:
33:
24:
2025:Australasian Lichenology
1541:Benatti, Michel (2012).
1527:10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/1
964:10.1002/jlac.18972950209
900:Psiloparmelia salazinica
890:Phaeographina salazinica
793:Acanthothecis salazinica
2184:Hydroxymethyl compounds
1564:10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342
1543:"A review of the genus
1506:"A review of the genus
610:Parmotrema subisidiosum
1941:Opuscula Philolichenum
1504:Benatti, M.N. (2012).
1229:10.1515/znc-2007-7-827
870:Ocellularia salazinica
779:characteristic. These
402:Stereocaulon salazinum
397:Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf
2042:Archer, A.W. (2003).
1873:Archer, A.W. (2001).
880:Pertusaria salazinica
856:Myelochroa salazinica
753:nucleophilic addition
719:Hypotrachyna quaesita
486:Salazinic acid has a
422:, and found a unique
1717:Parmotrema dilatatum
928:Oropogon salazinicus
914:Diorygma salazinicum
744:Parmotrema dilatatum
722:, respectively, are
1900:Hale, M.E. (1989).
1733:10.1055/a-1203-0623
1060:10.1248/cpb.17.1305
846:Lepraria salazinica
833:Karoowia salazinica
820:Graphina salazinica
785:taxonomic authority
704:chalybaeizanic acid
682:. A study of three
604:Parmotrema stuppeum
538:Mycobacterium aurum
462:when grown in malt
327: g·mol
21:
1875:"The lichen genus
1623:Ramalina siliquosa
803:Bryoria salazinica
734:functional group.
690:Ramalina siliquosa
459:Ramalina siliquosa
450:laboratory culture
341:Infobox references
19:
2149:978-0-912861-28-9
1727:(16): 1216–1224.
1687:(11): 2497–2499.
1469:"Type studies on
1271:(13): 1166–1172.
1173:The Lichenologist
1138:The Lichenologist
988:978-0-598-82060-0
894:A.W.Archer (2003)
773:specific epithets
698:Related compounds
629:metabolic pathway
558:colorectal cancer
533:antimycobacterial
488:molecular formula
383:species in those
349:Chemical compound
347:
346:
208:CompTox Dashboard
94:Interactive image
2201:
2154:
2153:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1586:(2): 1391–1397.
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1231:
1222:(7–8): 619–621.
1210:Parmelia sulcata
1203:
1197:
1196:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1082:(6): 1705–1706.
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1053:(6): 1305–1306.
1034:
1028:
1027:
999:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
947:
933:
923:
909:
895:
885:
875:
865:
851:
841:
828:
815:
798:
639:(derivatives of
613:(right) are two
596:
587:
527:studies to have
419:Parmelia cetrata
414:Yasuhiko Asahina
326:
311:
305:
299:
292:Chemical formula
232:
231:
216:
214:
198:
187:
166:
158:
147:
136:
116:
96:
72:
29:
22:
18:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2194:Benzodioxepines
2174:Lichen products
2159:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2136:Systematics of
2132:
2128:
2105:
2101:
2086:10.2307/3243562
2063:
2059:
2040:
2036:
2020:
2010:
2006:
1983:
1979:
1956:
1952:
1933:Lepraria lanata
1925:
1921:
1898:
1894:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1843:
1839:
1808:
1804:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1753:
1712:
1708:
1677:
1673:
1666:10.1071/CH99056
1650:
1646:
1639:10.1139/b82-053
1619:
1615:
1576:
1572:
1539:
1535:
1502:
1498:
1465:
1458:
1423:
1419:
1372:
1368:
1331:
1327:
1296:
1292:
1257:
1253:
1204:
1200:
1169:
1165:
1134:
1130:
1115:10.2307/3243399
1099:
1095:
1072:
1068:
1035:
1031:
1000:
996:
989:
975:
971:
948:
944:
940:
931:
917:
903:
893:
883:
873:
859:
850:Tønsberg (2007)
849:
836:
823:
806:
796:
769:
702:The depsidones
700:
672:photoprotectant
621:
620:
619:
618:
615:foliose lichens
599:
598:
597:
589:
588:
577:
506:of 388.3 grams/
501:
497:
493:
484:
445:Ramalina crassa
407:norstictic acid
393:
350:
343:
338:
324:
314:
308:
302:
294:
280:
277:
272:
271:
260:
257:
256:
253:
247:
246:
235:
225:DTXSID001317270
217:
210:
201:
188:
176:
139:
119:
99:
86:
75:
62:
48:
20:Salazinic acid
17:
12:
11:
5:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2126:
2115:(1): 312–324.
2099:
2074:The Bryologist
2057:
2034:
2004:
1977:
1950:
1919:
1892:
1865:
1859:978-9154602117
1858:
1837:
1802:
1768:
1706:
1681:Phytochemistry
1671:
1660:(7): 713–716.
1644:
1633:(4): 383–385.
1613:
1570:
1533:
1496:
1483:(2): 403–508.
1456:
1437:(6): 472–474.
1417:
1366:
1345:(5): 328–332.
1325:
1306:(2): 141–144.
1290:
1251:
1198:
1179:(1–2): 45–50.
1163:
1144:(3): 201–205.
1128:
1109:(3): 310–313.
1103:The Bryologist
1093:
1066:
1029:
1010:(4): 710–719.
1004:The Bryologist
994:
987:
969:
958:(2): 222–256.
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
924:
918:Sutjar. &
910:
896:
886:
876:
866:
852:
842:
829:
816:
799:
768:
765:
761:esterification
732:benzyl alcohol
708:quaesitic acid
699:
696:
684:foliose lichen
601:
600:
591:
590:
582:
581:
580:
579:
578:
576:
573:
504:molecular mass
499:
495:
491:
483:
480:
442:of the lichen
392:
389:
353:Salazinic acid
348:
345:
344:
339:
335:standard state
332:
329:
328:
322:
316:
315:
312:
306:
300:
295:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
279:
278:
275:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
259:
258:
254:
251:
250:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
234:
233:
220:
218:
206:
203:
202:
200:
199:
191:
189:
181:
178:
177:
175:
174:
170:
168:
160:
159:
149:
141:
140:
138:
137:
129:
127:
121:
120:
118:
117:
109:
107:
101:
100:
98:
97:
89:
87:
80:
77:
76:
74:
73:
65:
63:
58:
55:
54:
50:
49:
42:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:Psiloparmelia
2067:
2066:Elix, John A.
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:L. salazinica
1934:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1792:
1789:(1): 103535.
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Planta Medica
1718:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:Phytomedicine
1336:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:Phytomedicine
1262:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
990:
984:
980:
973:
965:
961:
957:
954:(in German).
953:
946:
942:
930:
929:
925:
921:
916:
915:
911:
907:
902:
901:
897:
892:
891:
887:
882:
881:
877:
872:
871:
867:
863:
858:
857:
853:
848:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
800:
795:
794:
790:
789:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
715:
714:
709:
705:
695:
692:
691:
685:
681:
680:biotic stress
677:
673:
670:as well as a
669:
664:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:chemotaxonomy
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
616:
612:
611:
606:
605:
595:
586:
572:
570:
566:
563:The complete
561:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
529:antimicrobial
526:
525:
519:
517:
513:
512:melting point
509:
505:
489:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:yeast extract
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
410:
408:
404:
403:
398:
388:
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
342:
336:
330:
323:
321:
318:
317:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
274:
273:
270:
263:
249:
248:
245:
238:
230:
226:
222:
221:
219:
209:
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
190:
184:
180:
179:
172:
171:
169:
167:
162:
161:
157:
153:
150:
148:
146:ECHA InfoCard
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
128:
126:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
108:
106:
103:
102:
95:
91:
90:
88:
84:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
64:
61:
57:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
28:
23:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2007:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1757:cite journal
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1630:
1626:
1625:(lichens)".
1622:
1616:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1386:(16): 4787.
1383:
1379:
1369:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1007:
1003:
997:
978:
972:
955:
951:
945:
932:Essl. (1989)
926:
912:
898:
888:
878:
868:
854:
844:
831:
818:
801:
791:
770:
742:
738:
736:
724:structurally
717:
711:
701:
688:
665:
658:
644:
622:
608:
602:
562:
556:pathways in
536:
522:
520:
485:
475:
457:
453:
443:
417:
411:
400:
394:
374:
368:
352:
351:
114:ChEMBL172439
53:Identifiers
44:
2189:Polyphenols
1939:spp. nov".
1715:the lichen
1520:(1): 1–30.
904:Elix &
749:bromination
668:antioxidant
655:systematics
637:malonyl-CoA
607:(left) and
424:ring system
285:Properties
152:100.007.558
2163:Categories
2080:(4): 388.
2054:: 143–147.
2016:Pertusaria
1993:(1): 238.
1962:Myelochroa
1545:Bulbothrix
1514:Mycosphere
1508:Bulbothrix
1471:Parmotrema
1427:Parmotrema
938:References
825:A.W.Archer
660:Bulbothrix
646:Parmotrema
641:coenzyme A
633:acetyl-CoA
631:that uses
575:Occurrence
516:solubility
482:Properties
472:osmolality
376:Bulbothrix
370:Parmotrema
320:Molar mass
125:ChemSpider
81:3D model (
60:CAS Number
40:IUPAC name
2109:Phytotaxa
2048:Mycotaxon
1987:Phytotaxa
1968:Mycotaxon
1916:(1): 189.
1910:Mycotaxon
1883:Mycotaxon
1848:Alectoria
1749:221221650
1608:207276246
1380:Molecules
812:D.Hawksw.
777:taxonomic
554:signaling
440:mycobiont
432:depsidone
412:In 1933,
395:In 1897,
357:depsidone
173:208-312-0
165:EC Number
2169:Lactones
2138:Oropogon
1974:: 25–30.
1947:: 51–54.
1929:Lepraria
1904:Karoowia
1877:Graphina
1832:84432921
1818:: 9–20.
1812:Herzogia
1741:32819010
1701:85350700
1600:26370809
1557:: 1–30.
1551:MycoKeys
1451:96531766
1412:34443375
1361:19683421
1285:22921748
1261:Parmelia
1246:20709081
1238:17913083
1193:86701324
1158:84545779
1041:Ramalina
1024:86351217
906:T.H.Nash
728:aldehyde
524:in vitro
502:, and a
436:aromatic
428:phenolic
381:classify
70:521-39-1
2094:3243562
1403:8400444
1320:9795033
1123:3243399
781:eponyms
767:Eponyms
676:abiotic
560:cells.
468:sucrose
391:History
365:lichens
361:lactone
359:with a
325:388.284
196:5320418
183:PubChem
134:4478508
2146:
2092:
1889:: 176.
1856:
1830:
1747:
1739:
1699:
1606:
1598:
1449:
1410:
1400:
1359:
1318:
1283:
1244:
1236:
1191:
1156:
1121:
1022:
985:
922:(2014)
908:(1992)
864:(2001)
840:(1989)
827:(2001)
814:(1977)
810:&
759:, and
385:genera
269:SMILES
105:ChEMBL
34:Names
2090:JSTOR
2021:(PDF)
1906:Hale"
1828:S2CID
1745:S2CID
1697:S2CID
1604:S2CID
1447:S2CID
1242:S2CID
1189:S2CID
1154:S2CID
1119:JSTOR
1020:S2CID
808:Brodo
569:C NMR
551:STAT3
547:NF-κB
355:is a
244:InChI
83:JSmol
2144:ISBN
2031:: 6.
1935:and
1854:ISBN
1763:link
1737:PMID
1596:PMID
1408:PMID
1357:PMID
1316:PMID
1281:PMID
1234:PMID
1043:spp"
983:ISBN
920:Kalb
862:Elix
838:Hale
716:and
706:and
678:and
653:and
635:and
627:, a
567:and
549:and
543:Nrf2
508:mole
490:of C
373:and
2117:doi
2113:189
2082:doi
1995:doi
1991:189
1820:doi
1791:doi
1729:doi
1719:".
1689:doi
1662:doi
1635:doi
1588:doi
1559:doi
1522:doi
1485:doi
1439:doi
1429:".
1398:PMC
1388:doi
1347:doi
1308:doi
1273:doi
1224:doi
1181:doi
1146:doi
1111:doi
1084:doi
1055:doi
1012:doi
1008:103
960:doi
956:297
737:8'-
213:EPA
186:CID
2165::
2111:.
2088:.
2078:95
2076:.
2052:88
2050:.
2046:.
2029:80
2027:.
2023:.
1989:.
1972:77
1970:.
1966:.
1943:.
1914:35
1912:.
1908:.
1887:77
1885:.
1881:.
1826:.
1816:26
1814:.
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1785:.
1781:.
1759:}}
1755:{{
1743:.
1735:.
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1582:.
1553:.
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1512:.
1481:65
1479:.
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1220:62
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1214:.
1187:.
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1142:27
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1107:92
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1080:51
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1006:.
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545:,
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496:12
492:18
409:.
387:.
313:10
307:12
301:18
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2096:.
2084::
2001:.
1997::
1945:4
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310:O
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298:C
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211:(
85:)
45:H
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