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361:, a former prisoner at the Salaspils concentration camp, a separate monument to commemorate foreign Jews who died there was erected. The monument bears the Star of David and an inscription in Hebrew, Latvian and German: “To honour the dead and as a warning to the living. In memory of the Jews deported from Germany, Austria and Czechia, who from December 1941 to June 1942 died from hunger, cold and inhumanity and have found eternal rest in the Salaspils forest”.
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The Nazis had planned to deport the last remaining Jews from
Germany by the end of the summer of 1942. To support this, the plans for the Salaspils camp were revised in an effort to allow the camp to accommodate 15,000 Jews deported from Germany. The camp by then played three roles, general police
686:
Strods, Heinrihs. The
Concentration Camp at Salaspils October 1941-September 1944: Summary in English. (Strods, Heinrihs. Salaspils koncentrācijas nometne 1941. gada oktobris-1944. gada septembris). Latvijas okupācijas muzeja gadagrāmata 2000 Riga, Latvijas 50 gadu okupācijas muzeja fonds. 2001.
249:
The camp site was prepared in
October 1941 by Soviet prisoners of war from the Salaspils branch camp Stalag 350/Z of the Riga of base camp 350 and by deported Czech Jews as well as a few German Jews from KZ Jungfernhof. In the middle of January 1942 at least 1,000 Jews from the Riga Ghetto were
257:
In the autumn of 1942 the camp comprised 15 barracks of the 45 that were planned, housing 1,800 prisoners. Although a police prison and work education camp, Salaspils became comparable to a German concentration camp in the way the work was organized, the types of prisoners, as well as their
770:Людмила Тимощенко. «Дети и война» (dt.: "Children and War"), Daugavpils, publishing house SIA "SAB", 1999: 494 pages. 3000 copies. (Documentary narrative about 1300 children and teenagers, who were Salaspils - prisoners of Salaspils camp.)
183:
began planning a detention camp to be built at
Salaspils to confine people arrested in Latvia by the police and also to house Jewish people deported from Germany and other countries to Latvia. Lange, who originally was the coordinator of
328:
764:"Латвия под игом нацизма" (dt.: "Latvia under the yoke of the Nazism", English: "Latvia Under the Nazi Yoke"), Moscow, publishing house Europe, 2006, 344 S.: Collection of historical documents.
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The first rail transport of German Jews arrived unexpectedly in Latvia in
October 1941 before the Salaspils camp was complete. The train had been rerouted from its original destination of
164:
or RSHA), but nothing came of this. The camp has had a lasting legacy in
Latvian and Russian culture due to the severity of the treatment at the camp, especially with regard to children.
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briefly considered converting the camp into an official concentration camp (Konzentrationslager), which would have formally subordinated the camp to the
National Security Main Office (
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forced to work building the camp. Insufficient accommodation and sanitary conditions, lack of nutrition and severe cold weather caused an extraordinarily high number of deaths.
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214:, to separate Jewish men from Jewish women to prevent them from having children. In February 1942 Lange, probably because of his deeds in Latvia, became a participant in the
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and
Salaspils concentration camps. Some accused were condemned to life imprisonment. Gerhard Kurt Maywald is one such Nazi, convicted of crimes committed in the camp.
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and other diseases killed about half of the children at the camp. In one of the burial places by the camp, 632 corpses of children of ages 5 to 9 were revealed.
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Starting in 1949 legal proceedings were brought against some of the persons responsible for the Nazi crimes in Latvia, including the Riga Ghetto, and the
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About 12,000 prisoners went through the camp during its existence. About 2,000 people died due to illness, heavy labour, executions, epidemics, etc.
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By the end of 1942 the
Salaspils camp held mainly political prisoners (who had originally been incarcerated at the Riga central prison without
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269:, whom the Nazis considered politically suspect. Furthermore, work education prisoners and recruits to local Latvian collaboration units (
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273:) who had committed routine crimes. There were only twelve Jews in the camp; many had died or been returned to Riga in a weak condition.
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prison, later the security police prisoner camp, and then a forced labor camp. However the last expansion plan was not carried out.
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was established in
Salaspils, which included an exhibit room, several sculptures and a large marble block by architects
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202:). The place selected, near the city of Salaspils, was readily accessible from the main railway connecting Riga and
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587:„Salaspils nometne nacionālsociālistiskās Vācijas administrācijas plānos un soda nometņu tipoloģijā (1941 - 1942)”
494:„Salaspils nometne nacionālsociālistiskās Vācijas administrācijas plānos un soda nometņu tipoloģijā (1941 - 1942)”
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Planning for the development of the camp and its prisoner structure changed several times. In 1943,
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where the final plans for the murder of the Jews of Europe were established by the Nazi hierarchy.
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under "protective custody orders") and interned foreigners such as Latvian returnees from
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Die nationalsozialistischen Haftstätten und Todeslager im okkupierten Lettland 1941-1945
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725:"Salaspils Municipality, Salaspils Memorial : Holocaust Memorial Places in Latvia"
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The National Socialist Detention Places and Death Camps in Occupied Latvia 1941-1945
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206:, the two largest cities in Latvia. The plan was to work the prisoners harvesting
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was established at the end of 1941 at a point 18 km (11 mi) southeast of
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Dr. Rudolf Lange als Kommandant der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in Lettland
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Prisoner roll call at KZ Salaspils, December 22, 1941 (Nazi propaganda photo)
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Catalog of Pins and Medals Commemorating the Salaspils Concentration Camp
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Kurtenhof, Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor Camp
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to Riga. The Jewish people on the train were housed temporarily in
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749:"Final solution" in Riga. Exploitation and destruction 1941-1944
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Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor Camp
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745:"Endlösung" in Riga. Ausbeutung und Vernichtung 1941–1944
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During the time of the Soviet Union, the Russian group "
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376:) dedicated a song "Salaspils" to the children's camp.
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537:) pp. 201, 246, 254-255, 256-57, 269, Darmstadt 2006,
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677:
70:
Imprisonment without trial, forced labor, starvation
33:
Nazi propaganda photograph of Salaspils camp in 1941
563:
Orte des Grauens -- Verbrechen im Zweiten Weltkrieg
210:and also, as part of what soon became known as the
705:"New book attempts real history of Holocaust camp"
598:Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 21. sējums
589:— Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, Rīga 2007.
567:Places of Horror -- Crime in the Second World War
505:Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 21. sējums
496:— Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, Rīga 2007.
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661:Die nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager,
2516:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
585:Kārlis Kangeris, Uldis Neiburgs, Rudīte Vīksne
547:
492:Kārlis Kangeris, Uldis Neiburgs, Rudīte Vīksne
196:) in Latvia and also of the Security Service (
3029:
2876:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
1364:
813:
522:
520:
2575:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
827:
141:Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager
3036:
3022:
1371:
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820:
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665:The National Socialist concentration camps
517:
27:
16:Nazi forced labour and concentration camp
626:Perpetrators in the War of Extermination
620:, page 129, referenced in Kaiser, Wolf,
315:
276:
225:
1268:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
697:
402:List of Nazi-German concentration camps
329:Memorial of the Salaspils Police Prison
312:Memorial of the Salaspils police prison
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147:after the German name for the city of
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2192:
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1352:
801:
291:
222:Camp construction and changes of plan
2163:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
1338:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
1251:War crimes investigations and trials
610:
258:treatment, as they recounted later.
2968:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
659:Herbert, Ulrich and others (Hrsg):
553:Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter,
529:Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter,
357:, in 2004, thanks to a donation by
13:
3243:Nazi concentration camps in Latvia
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743:Angrick, Andrej and Klein, Peter,
14:
3274:
1378:
1296:Roberts Seduls and Johanna Sedule
1097:Nazi occupation and organizations
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3127:Latvian people of Jewish descent
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2531:Polish leaders and intellectuals
2021:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
780:
466:
454:
442:
397:List of books about Nazi Germany
299:
167:
667:, volume 1), Frankfurt/M 2002,
3098:Burning of the Riga synagogues
3083:Jungfernhof concentration camp
2459:Attack on the twentieth convoy
2272:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
1190:Jungfernhof concentration camp
901:Burning of the Riga synagogues
717:
638:
579:
486:
240:Jungfernhof concentration camp
1:
3165:Great Choral Synagogue (Riga)
3088:Kaiserwald concentration camp
3073:History of the Jews in Latvia
1195:Kaiserwald concentration camp
479:
2796:Jewish war conspiracy theory
1987:Extermination through labour
1205:Salaspils concentration camp
655:), p. 478-479, published in
186:Special Assignment Group A (
7:
2978:Righteous Among the Nations
2193:
1664:Righteous Among the Nations
1278:Righteous Among the Nations
850:Related articles by country
379:
10:
3279:
3258:Reich Security Main Office
3052:Jews and Judaism in Latvia
2715:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2685:Lithuanian Security Police
2604:Reich Security Main Office
1571:Evidence and documentation
1109:Reichskommissariat Ostland
622:Täter in Vernichtungskrieg
557:, at p.197, referenced in
535:The Final Solution in Riga
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1463:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
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161:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
143:). It was also known as
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66:
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26:
21:
2521:People with disabilities
2454:Aid and Rescue Committee
1164:Latvian Auxiliary Police
531:Die "Endlösung" in Riga.
407:Nazi concentration camps
97:Latvian Auxiliary Police
3219:56.874389°N 24.301361°E
3132:Latvia–Israel relations
2662:Order Police battalions
1083:Franz Walter Stahlecker
993:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
942:Jewish people of Latvia
829:The Holocaust in Latvia
392:The Holocaust in Latvia
3263:Generalbezirk Lettland
2511:Soviet urban residents
1602:International response
1576:Contemporary knowledge
647:Vestermanis, Marģers
324:
323:at the memorial (1975)
231:
2958:Memorials and museums
2896:Reparations Agreement
2891:Holocaust restitution
2469:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
1992:Human experimentation
1831:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
321:Monumental sculptures
319:
277:Children in Salaspils
229:
3224:56.874389; 24.301361
3182:List of Latvian Jews
2158:Jewish Ghetto Police
2027:Politische Abteilung
1922:Risiera di San Sabba
1783:Natzweiler-Struthof
1258:Einsatzgruppen trial
1048:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
789:at Wikimedia Commons
787:Labor camp Salaspils
729:memorialplaces.lu.lv
3215: /
2936:Days of remembrance
2849:Holocaust survivors
2844:Depopulated shtetls
2695:Rollkommando Hamann
2541:Jehovah's Witnesses
2359:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1421:Bohemia and Moravia
1312:Bikernieki Memorial
1114:Rollkommando Hamann
1078:Rudolf Joachim Seck
1043:Friedrich Panzinger
1023:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
751:). Darmstadt 2006,
569:), Darmstadt 2003,
559:Ueberschär, Gerd R.
3189:List of synagogues
2919:History and memory
2823:Forced euthanasia
2771:Nazi racial policy
2474:Danish underground
2321:Operation Reinhard
2316:Wannsee Conference
607:(216. - 248. lpp.)
603:2011-09-22 at the
514:(216. - 248. lpp.)
510:2011-09-22 at the
348:Oļģerts Ostenbergs
325:
292:Numbers of victims
271:Schutzmannschaften
232:
216:Wannsee Conference
194:Sicherheitspolizei
3198:
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3011:
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3007:
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2854:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
2801:Jewish emigration
2791:Hitler's prophecy
2786:Haavara Agreement
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2728:
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2720:Ypatingasis būrys
2617:Sicherheitsdienst
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2412:Bielski partisans
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2015:Totenkopfverbände
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1242:Sonderaktion 1005
1185:Daugavpils Ghetto
1178:Ghettos and camps
1063:Martin Sandberger
1008:Friedrich Jeckeln
785:Media related to
337:Ivars Strautmanis
199:Sicherheitsdienst
172:In October 1941,
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2903:Holocaust denial
2881:Nuremberg trials
2871:Postwar violence
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2700:Special Brigades
2690:Nederlandsche SS
2657:Police Regiments
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2407:Jewish partisans
2354:Harvest Festival
2326:Holocaust trains
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1321:Related articles
1169:Schutzmannschaft
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1073:Walther Schröder
1058:Alfred Rosenberg
1053:Eduard Roschmann
952:Joseph Carlebach
906:Dünamünde Action
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1028:Wolfgang Kügler
998:Erich Ehrlinger
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188:Einsatzgruppe A
178:Sturmbannführer
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83:Otto Teckemeier
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2764:Early elements
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2018:
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1088:Eduard Strauch
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616:Klein, Peter,
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555:Riga 1941-1944
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145:camp Kurtenhof
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3109:
3099:
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3079:
3078:The Holocaust
3076:
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2776:Nazi eugenics
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2705:Topf and Sons
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2672:Collaborators
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2610:Referat IV B4
2608:
2607:
2606: (RSHA)
2605:
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2600:
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2597:Schutzstaffel
2594:
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2584:Organizations
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2565:
2560:
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2526:Romani people
2524:
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2514:
2512:
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2479:Working Group
2477:
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2464:Kastner train
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2251:Kristallnacht
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2034:Sanitätswesen
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2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:Death marches
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1823:Extermination
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1798:Sachsenhausen
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1714:Bergen-Belsen
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1477:and colonies
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1380:The Holocaust
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1328:The Holocaust
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1214:Documentation
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1038:Hinrich Lohse
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978:Alois Brunner
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845:The Holocaust
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757:3-534-19149-8
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693:9984-9332-4-5
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673:3-596-15516-9
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3207:56°52′27.8″N
3200:
3163:
3158:
3122:Latvian Jews
3092:
3055:
3049:
2988:Yizkor books
2649:
2596:
2341:
2289:in Lithuania
2249:
2147:
2032:
2025:
2014:
1948:
1926:
1907:
1888:
1871:
1654:by Catholics
1523:Soviet Union
1391:By territory
1226:Jäger Report
1068:Albert Sauer
1033:Rudolf Lange
971:Perpetrators
957:Simon Dubnow
840:Main article
768:(in Russian)
762:(in Russian)
748:
744:
728:
719:
708:. Retrieved
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79:Rudolf Lange
75:Perpetrators
3222: /
3210:24°18′4.9″E
2994:Never again
2825:(Action T4)
2751:Remembrance
2536:Homosexuals
2506:Soviet POWs
2434:Częstochowa
1982:Gas chamber
1793:Ravensbrück
1734:Gross-Rosen
1729:Flossenbürg
1612:Philippines
1544:Yugoslavia
1503:Netherlands
1431:Sudetenland
1286:Jānis Lipke
1235:Concealment
1200:Riga Ghetto
1147:Kārlis Lobe
1132:Individuals
983:Rudolf Batz
962:Else Hirsch
916:Pogulianski
741:(in German)
657:(in German)
645:(in German)
527:(in German)
351: [
340: [
306:Jungfernhof
263:due process
244:Riga Ghetto
3237:Categories
3143:Synagogues
2983:Yad Vashem
2963:Uniqueness
2818:Nisko Plan
2591:Nazi Party
2399:Resistance
2369:Ninth Fort
2234:Vel' d'Hiv
2006:Nazi units
1944:Westerbork
1934:Amersfoort
1788:Neuengamme
1769:Mauthausen
1749:Kaiserwald
1719:Buchenwald
1498:Luxembourg
1263:Riga Trial
1013:Heinz Jost
1003:Karl Jäger
710:2016-10-01
624:(English:
595:9984992462
502:9984992462
480:References
422:Nazi songs
417:Nazi Party
327:In 1967 a
204:Daugavpils
2941:Education
2836:Aftermath
2748:Aftermath
2710:Trawnikis
2634:Wehrmacht
2629:Waffen-SS
2429:Białystok
2257:Bucharest
2229:Marseille
2106:Elsewhere
2067:Białystok
1879:Breendonk
1856:Treblinka
1709:Auschwitz
1493:Lithuania
1333:The Mover
1305:Memorials
865:Lithuania
359:Larry Pik
149:Salaspils
133:Salaspils
111:Memorials
53:Salaspils
2926:Academia
2379:Piaśnica
2349:Babi Yar
2277:Jedwabne
2216:Roundups
2149:Judenrat
2113:Budapest
1884:Mechelen
1846:Majdanek
1803:Stutthof
1764:Majdanek
1659:by Poles
1617:Portugal
1595:Response
1586:Timeline
1564:Overview
1426:Slovakia
1413:Bulgaria
663:Band 1 (
601:Archived
508:Archived
461:Genocide
380:See also
49:Location
3066:History
2953:Lessons
2389:Rumbula
2262:Dorohoi
2243:Pogroms
2195:Victims
2045:Ghettos
1977:Gas van
1965:Methods
1939:Schoorl
1917:Bolzano
1865:Transit
1851:Sobibor
1841:Chełmno
1808:Vaivara
1744:Hinzert
1689:ghettos
1642:Vatican
1548:Croatia
1538:Ukraine
1528:Belarus
1518:Romania
1470:Hungary
1453:Germany
1443:Estonia
1438:Denmark
1408:Belgium
1403:Austria
1398:Albania
947:Gypsies
935:Victims
921:Rumbula
911:Jelgava
885:Ukraine
860:Estonia
855:Belarus
473:Germany
435:Portals
370:Russian
286:measles
114:At site
103:Victims
93:Nazi SS
55:, near
3159:Former
3113:Groups
2859:Bricha
2625:(Orpo)
2498:Others
2484:Żegota
2446:Rescue
2424:Warsaw
2384:Ponary
2294:Kaunas
2097:Warsaw
2082:Lublin
2072:Kraków
2059:Poland
1903:Drancy
1836:Belzec
1813:Warsaw
1724:Dachau
1632:Turkey
1627:Sweden
1553:Serbia
1533:Russia
1513:Poland
1508:Norway
1488:Latvia
1458:Greece
1448:France
894:Crimes
880:Russia
875:Poland
870:Norway
755:
691:
671:
632:
593:
573:
541:
500:
449:Latvia
412:Gulags
267:Russia
131:), in
129:Latvia
61:Latvia
2973:Humor
2946:Films
2643:Units
2374:Odesa
2224:Izieu
2138:Vilna
2123:Minsk
2118:Kovno
2092:Radom
1956:Sereď
1773:Gusen
1754:Kauen
1685:Camps
1622:Spain
1607:Japan
1481:Libya
1475:Italy
355:]
344:]
236:Minsk
2864:List
2619:(SD)
2599:(SS)
2282:Lviv
2267:Iași
2207:Jews
2128:Riga
2087:Lwów
2077:Łódź
2049:list
1898:Gurs
1771:and
1687:and
753:ISBN
689:ISBN
669:ISBN
630:ISBN
591:ISBN
571:ISBN
539:ISBN
498:ISBN
208:peat
125:Riga
106:2000
57:Riga
2013:SS-
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