749:"Early in the tenth century, the name 'Bulgarians', in its wider meaning, was widespread and used throughout the country, while the names of the separate Slav tribes were abandoned. An interesting instance of the use of the name 'Bulgarians' is found in the so-called 'Expanded Biography of Clement of Ochrida'... It, therefore, mirrors developments and the situation in the south-western Bulgarian territories (Macedonia) in the beginning of the tenth century. It is this disciple of Clement, namely, who wrote in the tenth century, that called himself and his compatriots by the name 'Bulgarians'. This is obvious from a text in the biography, which glorifies Clement that he gave everything, related to the church 'to us, the Bulgarians'. This means that the name 'Bulgarians' was already firmly established among the population in the south-western Bulgarian territories early in the tenth century."
326:
542:
59:
315:
479:
470:
by clergy sent from the
Byzantine Empire. Fearing growing Byzantine influence and weakening of the state, Boris viewed the adoption of the Old Slavonic language as a way to preserve the political independence and stability of Bulgaria. With a view thereto, Boris made arrangements for the
581:, as well as of the oldest service dedicated to Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. The invention of the Cyrillic alphabet is also usually ascribed to him although the alphabet is most likely to have been developed at the
693:"He died at an advanced age in 916. His disciples buried him in the monastery "St. Panteleimon" in Ohrid, which he had established. He was canonized in X c. and joined the pantheon of the Bulgarian saints."
661:, the signature of Clement was identified on a stone plate with a large amount of graffiti on it. The signature is dated as of April 24, 889. The finding gives reason to assume that the disciples of
490:, Clement was commissioned by Boris I to organise the teaching of theology to future clergymen in Old Church Slavonic in the southwestern part of the Bulgarian Empire, in the region then known as
471:
establishment of two literary academies where theology was to be taught in the
Slavonic language. The first of the schools was to be found in the capital, Pliska, and the second in the region of
364:
as the possible place of birth of
Clement. According to others, the area of Southern Macedonia, including the northern approach to Thessaloniki, where he may have been born, was then part of the
1434:
The Sacred
Landscape of Saint Clement of Ohrid as Reflected in his Frescos, Markus Breier and Mihailo Popovic, Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna (2015)
592:
Medieval frescoes of
Clement exist throughout the modern-day territories of North Macedonia, Serbia and northern Greece, with the vast majority being located in North Macedonia. The
533:“Bulgarians” was adopted by the Slavic tribes in most of Macedonia, while their names were abandoned. Clement's life's work played a significant role in this transformation.
615:, was named after Clement upon its foundation in 1888. The Macedonian National and University Library, founded on November 23, 1944, also bears his name. The University in
1373:Кирило-Методиевска енциклопедия: И-O, том 2, Институт за литература (Българска академия на науките), Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски", 1995, стр. 334.
529:
into neighbouring
Byzantine culture, which promoted the formation of a distinct Bulgarian identity in the Empire. During the first quarter of the 10th century, the
654:
1600:
1558:
511:
447:
and possibly Gorazd (according to other sources, Gorazd was already dead by that time). Thereafter, the four of them were sent to the
Bulgarian capital of
1089:
John Van
Antwerp Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, University of Michigan Press, 1991,
650:
1417:
Michael
Palairet, Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 1, From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016,
1506:
435:
clergy in Great
Moravia along with Gorazd. After spending some time in jail, he was expelled from Great Moravia and in 885 or 886 reached
1317:
Andrej ŠKOVIERA: Svätí slovanskí sedmopočetníci. Bratislava: Slovenský komitét slavistov - Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV, 2010,
283:
1325:, pp. 110-113. Ján STANISLAV: Starosloviensky jazyk I. Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 1978, pp. 20-21; 174, 219-230.
740:"This great father of ours and light of Bulgaria was by origin of the European Moesians whom the people commonly known as Bulgarians…"
546:
340:
The exact date of his birth is unknown. Most probably, he joined Methodius as a young man following him later to the monastery on
1651:
1671:
1646:
1125:
17:
1567:
1526:
1193:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Scarecrow Press, 2009,
1681:
1387:
1322:
822:
396:
calls Clement a Slav inhabitant of the Kingdom of Bulgaria. A fringe view on his origin postulates that Clement was born in
278:
and is regarded as a patron of education and language by some Slavic people. He is considered to be the first bishop of the
1696:
1661:
494:. For a period of seven years (between 886 and 893) Clement taught some 3,500 disciples in the Slavonic language and the
330:
1212:
The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century, East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450
1656:
1344:
1032:
1109:
486:
According to his hagiography by Theophylact of Ohrid, while Naum stayed in Pliska working on the foundation of the
1570:[Medieval Churches in Shushica Valley (South Albania) and the Slavonic Bishopric of St. Clement of Ohrid]
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978:
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934:
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796:
779:
593:
33:
1527:"The Issue of the Origin of Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum of Ohrid in Slovak and Czech Historiography"
791:
Alban Butler, Paul Burns and David Hugh Farmer, Butler's Lives of the Saints, Volume 7, A&C Black, 1995,
665:
were settled there at one stage, after being expelled from the Great Moravia and their reception in Bulgaria.
880:
727:
during the 9th and the 10th century and was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire in 1018 as part of the
1636:
1238:
1382:
Crampton, R. J. (2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
541:
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literature into Old Church Slavonic, and in this way, he and his co-workers laid the foundations of the
431:
and Great Moravia. After the death of Methodius himself in 885, Clement headed the struggle against the
1686:
639:
601:
348:, Clement knew the life of Methodius like no other. That is why most scholars think he was born in the
303:
82:
72:
1568:"Средневековые церкви в долине Шушицы (Южная Албания) и славянская епископия свт. Климента Охридского"
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620:
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The development of Old Church Slavonic literacy had the effect of preventing the assimilation of the
503:
279:
515:
1676:
582:
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392:, commonly known as Bulgarians. Because of that, some scholars label him a Bulgarian Slav, while
137:
1691:
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1300:, vol. 156 from Collected studies, ISSN 0961-7582, Dimitri Obolensky, Variorum Reprints, 1969,
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58:
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containing church songs sung from Easter to Pentecost and is believed to be the author of the
1609:
1594:
1552:
1336:
The entry of the Slavs into Christendom: an introduction to the medieval history of the Slavs
1251:
995:, Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson, Rowman & Littlefield, 2010,
990:
968:
902:
769:
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by Theophylact of Ohrid testifies to his Slavic origin, calling him "the first bishop in the
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385:
345:
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and Gauderic. After the death of Cyril, Clement accompanied Methodius on his journey from
8:
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619:, established in 1979, is named after Clement, as well as the Bulgarian scientific base,
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in the territory where Methodius served during his political career, i.e. that he was a
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996:
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952:
930:
908:
792:
775:
774:, vol. II, Johann von Gardner, Vladimir Morosan, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1980,
728:
712:
624:
393:
290:. The mission of Clement was the crucial factor which transformed the Slavs in then
1072:
Michael Prokurat et al., The A to Z of the Orthodox Church, Scarecrow Press, 2010,
612:
349:
207:
94:
64:
1356:
Alban Butler et al., Butler's Lives of the Saints, Volume 7, A&C Black, 1995,
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1566:Мучай, Скендер; Джуери, Суеля; Ристани, Ирклид; Пентковский, Алексей М. (2014).
970:
Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900-1204
467:
341:
219:
1630:
491:
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420:
415:, ordained along with two other disciples of Cyril and Methodius, Gorazd and
408:
397:
294:(present-day Macedonia) into Bulgarians. Clement is also the patron saint of
291:
1176:, vol. 7, Alban Butler, Paul Burns, David Hugh Farmer, A&C Black, 1995,
372:
became part of Bulgaria between 830 and 840, i.e when Clement was born. The
522:. Soon after he was canonized as a saint by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
499:
463:
361:
271:
174:
1471:
1610:"Saint Clement of Ohrid: His Life and Aftermath Between Sofia and Skopje"
1048:
Bakalov, Georgi; Kumanov, Milen (2003). "KUTMICHEVITSA (Kutmichinitsa)".
526:
400:. This view is based on the lexicographical analysis of Clement's works.
68:
1457:
318:
Icon of Saint Clement, located in the Mother of God Perybleptos church,
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632:
561:
Clement of Ohrid was one of the most prolific and important writers in
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in today's Turkey. The modern nation of Macedonia was ruled by the
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since the 10th century, and one of the premier saints of modern
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448:
1235:
Documents and Materials on the History of the Bulgarian People
360:. This gives rise to some researchers to indicate the area of
1565:
1507:"The Long Life of Saint Clement of Ohrid: A Critical Edition"
1020:
Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics
550:
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117:
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in 865, religious ceremonies in Bulgaria were conducted in
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353:
884:
1154:, Fifth Edition Revised, David Farmer, OUP Oxford, 2011,
1470:Константин Събчев, Откриха подписа на Климент Охридски.
1458:"Македония дарява частици от мощите на Св. Кл. Охридски"
929:, Gerald H. Anderson, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999,
514:. Upon his death in 916 he was buried in his monastery,
1540:(1): 135–144. Archived from the original on 2023-06-28
1445:
National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski"
567:
Panonic Hagiography of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius
1232:
973:, Paul Stephenson, Cambridge University Press, 2000,
1278:, Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Rowman & Littlefield, 1991,
951:, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
810:
Ethnic Conflict: Causes, Consequences, and Responses
32:'Saint Kliment' redirects here. For other uses, see
1582:(1): 5–42. Archived from the original on 2023-06-28
1253:
Historical Dictionary of Croatia, Robert Stallaerts
907:Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000,
711:In the Byzantine Empire, a province or theme named
81:One of the Seven Apostles of Bulgaria, Disciple of
455:to instruct the future clergy of the state in the
649:In May 2018 was announced that in the ruins of a
439:, then in the borders of Bulgaria, together with
262:and is often associated with the creation of the
63:Icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Orthodox
1628:
1599:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1576:Slověne: International Journal of Slavic Studies
1557:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1237:, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, p.
702:"...the First Bishop of the Bulgarian language".
258:. He was one of the most prominent disciples of
1616:. Београд: Историјски институт. pp. 77–90.
1107:Official site of the Macedonian orthodox church
1047:
926:Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
856:"Patron Saints Index: Saint Clement of Ohrid"
482:Southeastern Europe in the late 9th century.
254:saints, scholar, writer, and apostle to the
1297:The Byzantine Inheritance of Eastern Europe
284:Seven Apostles of Bulgarian Orthodox Church
585:at the beginning of the 10th century (see
1534:European Journal of Science and Theology
850:
848:
642:donated part of Clement's relics to the
547:Church of Saints Clement and Panteleimon
540:
477:
324:
313:
270:, especially their popularisation among
1607:
1487:
1399:
1041:
506:. In 893 he was ordained archbishop of
403:Clement participated in the mission of
14:
1629:
1524:
1490:"Clément d'Ohrid, évèque de Dragvista"
1050:History of Bulgaria electronic edition
411:. In 867 or 868 he became a priest in
1504:
1311:
1275:Greek in a Cold Climate G - Reference
1016:
845:
388:describes him as one of the European
250:– 916) was one of the first medieval
71:in Greece, depicted as a disciple of
1233:Kosev, Dimitŭr; et al. (1969),
1052:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Trud, Sirma.
823:"Western American Diocese - July 27"
600:and is the largest cathedral of the
1339:, A. P. Vlasto, CUP Archive, 1970,
498:. At that time, Clement translated
24:
451:, where they were commissioned by
344:. According to his hagiography by
25:
1708:
1622:
992:The A to Z of the Orthodox Church
858:. saints.sqpn.com. Archived from
545:Tomb of Saint Clement within the
274:Slavs. He was the founder of the
1406:(in Bulgarian), pp. 413–414
57:
1464:
1450:
1447:, retrieved on October 9, 2007.
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1151:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
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1400:Angelov, D. (1971), "София ",
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594:Church of St. Clement of Ohrid
569:. Clement also translated the
34:Saint Kliment (disambiguation)
13:
1:
1672:10th-century Christian saints
1647:9th-century Bulgarian writers
1614:Споменица др Тибора Живковића
1608:Popović, Mihailo St. (2016).
1403:Издателство Наука и изкуство
1215:, Kiril Petkov, BRILL, 2008,
948:A Concise History of Bulgaria
756:
329:Fresco of St. Clement in the
241:
115:July 27, 916 (date of burial)
1682:Saints of medieval Macedonia
1173:Butler's Lives of the Saints
808:Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff,
7:
1697:Old Church Slavonic writers
1662:Creators of writing systems
1494:Revue des études byzantines
812:, (Polity Press, 2009), 64.
668:
579:Life of St. Clement of Rome
10:
1713:
1480:
1256:, Scarecrow Press, 2009,
640:Macedonian Orthodox Church
602:Macedonian Orthodox Church
565:. He is credited with the
304:Macedonian Orthodox Church
224:
83:Saints Cyril and Methodius
73:Saints Cyril and Methodius
31:
29:Medieval Bulgarian scholar
1657:Medieval Bulgarian saints
1443:The official site of the
891:, Sofia: Sofia University
644:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
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504:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
374:Short Life of St. Clement
280:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
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904:Who are the Macedonians?
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646:as a sign of good will.
331:Church of St. Athanasius
1505:Iliev, Ilia G. (1995).
1126:"Macedonia Travel info"
583:Preslav Literary School
309:
138:Eastern Orthodox Church
1667:Bulgarian male writers
1525:Ivanič, Peter (2018).
1488:Gautier, Paul (1964).
771:Russian Church Singing
725:First Bulgarian Empire
659:Provadiya Municipality
653:, near the village of
638:In November 2008, the
629:South Shetland Islands
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462:After the adoption of
366:First Bulgarian Empire
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99:First Bulgarian Empire
18:Saint Clement of Ohrid
1472:Политика, 25.05.2018.
1017:Ramet, Pedro (1989),
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386:Demetrios Chomatenos
346:Theophylact of Ohrid
230:Klḗmēs tē̂s Akhrídas
1460:. 24 November 2008.
675:Chernorizets Hrabar
663:Cyril and Methodius
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225:Κλήμης τῆς Ἀχρίδας
1687:People from Ohrid
1388:978-0-521-61637-9
1323:978-80-89489-02-2
729:theme of Bulgaria
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607:The first modern
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886:
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673:
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572:
571:Flower Triode
568:
564:
556:
552:
548:
543:
534:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
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493:
492:Kutmichevitsa
489:
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473:Kutmichevitsa
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454:
450:
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418:
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363:
359:
355:
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292:Kutmichevitsa
289:
285:
282:, one of the
281:
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273:
272:Christianised
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
239:
235:
231:
221:
217:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
160:
156:
152:
150:
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143:
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136:
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107:
103:
100:
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1579:
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1537:
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1134:. Retrieved
1130:the original
1120:
1102:
1085:
1068:
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1019:
1008:
991:
986:
981:, pp. 78-79.
969:
964:
947:
942:
925:
920:
903:
898:
888:
885:
881:"XI Century"
875:
864:. Retrieved
860:the original
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
826:
817:
809:
804:
787:
770:
765:
745:
736:
707:
698:
689:
648:
637:
611:university,
606:
591:
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575:Holy Service
574:
570:
566:
560:
524:
485:
464:Christianity
461:
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381:
373:
362:Thessaloniki
339:
229:
215:
195:
191:
190:
26:
1015:, cited in
527:South Slavs
384:written by
1642:916 deaths
1631:Categories
1586:2023-06-28
1544:2023-06-28
1500:: 199–214.
1423:1443888435
1362:0860122565
1306:086078102X
1284:0389209678
1262:081087363X
1221:9047433750
1199:0810862956
1182:0860122565
1160:0191036730
1136:2010-09-19
1095:0472081497
1078:1461664039
1059:954528613X
1023:, p.
1001:0810876027
979:0521770173
957:0521616379
935:0802846807
913:1850655340
866:2008-06-12
837:11 January
797:0860122565
780:0881410462
757:References
721:Adrianople
633:Antarctica
445:Angelarius
368:. Most of
264:Glagolitic
245: 830
204:Macedonian
159:Attributes
92:c. 830–840
1520:: 62–120.
1425:, p. 260.
1364:, p. 220.
1347:, p. 169.
1308:, p. III.
1286:, p. 123.
1223:, p. 153.
1184:, p. 220.
1162:, p. 394.
937:, p. 138.
799:, p. 220.
713:Macedonia
609:Bulgarian
500:Christian
380:," while
370:Macedonia
252:Bulgarian
200:Bulgarian
175:Patronage
111:916-07-27
95:Byzantine
67:on Mount
1264:, p. 87.
1201:, p. xx.
1110:Archived
1080:, p. 91.
1003:, p. 91.
959:, p. 15.
915:, p. 19.
782:, p. 11.
669:See also
577:and the
531:ethnonym
508:Drembica
437:Belgrade
429:Pannonia
421:Formosus
390:Moesians
335:Kastoria
302:and the
288:Bulgaria
1481:Sources
1390:. p 15.
627:in the
208:Serbian
192:Clement
153:27 July
1421:
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617:Bitola
598:Skopje
537:Legacy
449:Pliska
433:German
248:
234:Slovak
1572:(PDF)
1530:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
681:Notes
655:Ravna
551:Ohrid
520:Ohrid
518:, in
468:Greek
356:from
320:Ohrid
300:Ohrid
256:Slavs
220:Greek
180:Ohrid
149:Feast
125:(now
118:Ohrid
69:Athos
44:Saint
1601:link
1559:link
1419:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1341:ISBN
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1302:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1091:ISBN
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1054:ISBN
1029:ISBN
997:ISBN
975:ISBN
953:ISBN
931:ISBN
909:ISBN
839:2022
793:ISBN
776:ISBN
425:Rome
417:Naum
413:Rome
354:Slav
310:Life
266:and
105:Died
89:Born
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657:in
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427:to
407:to
194:or
97:or
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