SS Exodus - Knowledge

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considered using tear gas against the migrants. He concluded: The Jew is liable to panic and 800–900 Jews fighting to get up a stairway to escape tear smoke could have produced a deplorable business. ... It is a very frightening thing to go into the hold full of yelling maniacs when outnumbered six or eight to one." Describing the assault, the officer wrote to his superiors: "After a very short pause, with a lot of yelling and female screams, every available weapon up to a biscuit and bulks of timber was hurled at the soldiers. They withstood it admirably and very stoically till the Jews assaulted and in the first rush several soldiers were downed with half a dozen Jews on top kicking and tearing ... No other troops could have done it as well and as humanely as these British ones did...It should be borne in mind that the guiding factor in most of the actions of the Jews is to gain the sympathy of the world press."

1370: 2217:, secretary of the British section of the World Jewish Congress, who described young soldiers beating Holocaust survivors as a "terrible mental picture": "They went into the operation as a football match ... and it seemed evident that they had not had it explained to them that they were dealing with people who had suffered a lot and who are resisting in accordance with their convictions. ... People were usually hit in the stomach and this in my opinion explains that many people who did not show any signs of injury were staggering and moving very slowly along the staircase giving the impression that they were half-starved and beaten up." 2055:

opponents in France, and I dare say in other countries, have made great play with the fact that these immigrants were being kept behind barbed wire, in concentration camps and guarded by Germans." Coulson advised that Britain apply as best they could a counter-spin to the story: "If we decide it is convenient not to keep them in camps any longer, I suggest that we should make some play that we are releasing them from all restraint of this kind in accordance with their wishes and that they were only put in such accommodation for the preliminary necessities of screening and maintenance." The mission of bringing the Jewish refugees of

1976: 183: 3854: 2461: 989: 2156:, where the migrants were successfully disembarked. Relations between the British personnel on the ships and the passengers were afterwards said by the passengers to have been mostly amicable. Everyone realized there was going to be trouble at the forced disembarkation and some of the Jewish passengers apologized in advance. A number were injured in confrontations with British troops that involved the use of batons and fire hoses. The passengers were sent back to displaced persons camps in Am Stau near 1705: 170: 1623: 2355: 1424: 5174: 5169: 824: 196: 2073: 2198: 2182: 2129: 1782: 1579: 1467: 1881: 1912: 320: 356: 396: 349: 313: 2237: 375: 306: 389: 382: 342: 335: 299: 3867: 24: 2028:

migrants refused to disembark and the French refused to cooperate with British attempts at forced disembarkation. This left the British with the option of returning the passengers to Germany. Realizing that they were not bound for Cyprus, the migrants conducted a 24-day hunger strike and refused to cooperate with the British authorities.

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When the people walked off the ship, many of them, especially younger people, were shouting to the troops 'Hitler commandos', 'gentleman fascists', 'sadists'. One young girl "came to the top of the stairs and shouted to the soldiers, 'I am from Dachau.' And when they did not react she shouted 'Hitler

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carried enough supplies to last two weeks. Passengers were given cooked meals, hot drinks, soup, and one liter of drinking water daily. They washed in salt water. The ship had only 13 lavatories. A British military doctor, inspecting the ship after the battle, said that it was badly over-crowded, but

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Britain's position was summed up by John Coulson, a diplomat at the British Embassy in Paris, in a message to the Foreign Office in London in August 1947: "You will realize that an announcement of decision to send immigrants back to Germany will produce violent hostile outburst in the press. ... Our

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According to Israeli historian Aviva Halamish, the ship was never meant to "sneak out toward the shores of Palestine," but rather "to burst openly through the blockade, by dodging and swiftly nipping through, beaching herself on a sand bank and letting off her cargo of immigrants at the beach." The

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Haganah spent another $ 125,000 to $ 130,000 repairing, overhauling and modifying the ship for her voyage to Palestine. Britain had recently announced that it would begin deporting illegal immigrants to Cyprus rather than Atlit. Mossad LeAliyah Bet responded by deciding that migrants should resist

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When the ships arrived at Port-de-Bouc on August 2, the French Government said it would allow disembarkation of the passengers only if it was voluntary on their part. Haganah agents, both on board the ships and using launches with loudspeakers, encouraged the passengers not to disembark. Thus the

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The officer in charge of the operation, Lt. Col Gregson, later gave a frank assessment of the operation which left up to 33 Jews, including four women, injured. 68 Jews were held in custody to be put on trial for unruly behaviour. Only three soldiers were hurt. Gregson later admitted that he had

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On August 22 a Foreign Office cable warned diplomats that they should be ready to emphatically deny that the Jews would be housed in former concentration camps in Germany and that German guards would not be used to keep the Jews in the refugee camps. It further added that British guards would be

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immigration that began after the war. At first many made their way to Palestine on their own. Later, they received financial and other help from sympathizers around the World. The ships were crewed mostly by volunteers from the United States, Canada and Latin America. Under Aliyah Bet, more than

1603:. Each passport was used more than once in the same boarding, with a crewman collecting them and passing them back to refugees still waiting in the queue. Haganah secured the immigration officers' co-operation with bottles of alcohol and a group of Jewish young women to keep them occupied. 1316:

The British government opposed large-scale immigration. Displaced person camps run by American, French and Italian officials often turned a blind eye to the situation, with only British officials restricting movement in and out of their camps. In 1945 the British government reaffirmed its

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It turned out that Barou's reports had been untrue. There was no German commandant or guards but there were German staff carrying out duties inside the camp, in accordance with the standard British military practice of using locally employed civilians for non-security related duties.

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But the Jewish allegations of cruel and insensitive treatment would not go away and on October 6, 1947, the Foreign Office sent a telegram to the British commanders in the region demanding to know whether the camps really were surrounded with barbed wire and guarded by German staff.

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volunteer, Bill Bernstein, died from a skull fracture after being clubbed in the wheelhouse. Two passengers died of gunshot wounds. Two British sailors were treated afterwards for fractured scapula, and one for a head injury and lacerated ear. 146 people were injured. About ten

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passengers had made other attempts at emigrating to Palestine, which ended in detention in Cyprus. Britain continued to hold the detainees of the Cyprus internment camps until it formally recognized the State of Israel in January 1949, when they were transferred to Israel.

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helped unify the Jewish community of Palestine and the Holocaust-survivor refugees in Europe as well as significantly deepening international sympathy for the plight of Holocaust survivors and rallying support for the idea of a Jewish state. One called the story of the

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In 1964 a salvage effort was made to raise her steel hull for scrap. The effort failed and she sank again. In 1974 another effort was made to raise her wreck for salvage. She was refloated and was being towed toward the Kishon River when she sank again. Parts of

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was also chosen because of her derelict condition. It was risky to put passengers on her, and it was felt this would either compel the British authorities to let her pass the blockade because of the danger, or damage Britain's international reputation.

2398:, the Mayor of Haifa, proposed in 1950 that the "Ship that Launched a Nation" should be restored and converted into a floating museum of the Aliyah Bet. As the ship was being restored, an unexplained fire broke out aboard her on August 26, 1952. 2035:. For three weeks the refugees on the ships held firm in difficult conditions, rejecting offers of alternative destinations. Britain concluded that the only option was to send the Jews to camps in the British-controlled zone of post-war Germany. 2342:. 10 people were killed and 54 injured, of which 33 were British. Four British policemen, four Arab policemen, an Arab woman and a 16-year-old were killed. The 10-storey building was so heavily damaged that it was later demolished. They used a 1774:

that hygiene was satisfactory and the ship appeared well prepared to cope with casualties. Several babies were born during the week-long journey. One woman, Paula Abramowitz, died in childbirth. Her infant son died a few weeks later, in Haifa.

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and her sisters worked a packet route on Chesapeake Bay between Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland. She was built as a coal-burner, but in 1933 she was converted to oil fuel. In 1934 her code letters were superseded by the new

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had been certificated to carry 540 passengers. In the war she had been converted to provide berths for 605 troops. But more than 4,500 Jewish refugees arrived in Sète. Haganah issued them with 2,000 forged passports, with visas for

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may have built its modern container ship quay extensions on top of the wreck. The quay where the wreck may be buried is a security zone and not accessible today. An unsuccessful dive effort was made to find the wreck of

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in order to make it harder for British forces to her take over. Metal pipes, designed to spray out steam and boiling oil, were installed around the ship's perimeter. Lower decks were covered in nets and barbed wire. Her

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needed to be altered to cross the North Atlantic safely. Her superstructure was cut back, and a "turtle-back" covering was built onto the forward end of her superstructure to withstand heavy seas. She was fitted with

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The convoy lost a total of three packet ships, one destroyer and 131 men, but the other five ships safely reached the British Isles. Posthumous decorations were awarded to some of the officers lost. In May 1943 the

2051:. Britain realized that returning the refugees to camps in Germany would elicit a public outcry, but Germany was the only territory under British control that could immediately accommodate so many people. 1803:

prepared to be intercepted. The ship was divided into sections crewed by different groups, and each practiced resistance sessions. Her defences were augmented with sandbags around her wheelhouse and

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The founding of the State of Israel in 1948 brought massive migration of European Jewish refugees from displaced persons camps to Israel. There was little time or money to focus on the meaning of

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Dr Barou was once again on hand to witness events. He reported that conditions at Camp Poppendorf were poor and that it was being run by a German camp commandant. That was denied by the British.

1325:. The British government deployed naval and military forces to turn back the refugees. More than half of 142 voyages were stopped by British patrols, and most intercepted migrants were sent to 1352:. The incident took place near the end of Aliyah Bet and toward the end of the British mandate, after which Britain withdrew from Palestine and the state of Israel was founded. Historians say 1951:. This new policy was meant to be a signal to both the Jewish community and the European countries which assisted immigration that whoever they sent to Palestine would be sent back to them. 2171:

were under the leadership of a young, capable and energetic fanatic, Morenci Miry Rosman, and throughout the operation it had been realised that this ship might give trouble." 100

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commandos'." The British denied using excessive force, yet conceded that in one case a Jew "was dragged down the gangway by the feet with his head bumping on the wooden slats".

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played in the birth of the modern State of Israel, mounted on a relief map of the country. The monument is outside the International Cruise Ship Terminal in the port of Haifa.

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as applies to a complete shipload of immigrants, but it will be most discouraging to the organisers of this traffic if the immigrants ... end up by returning whence they came.

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Nothing will deter us from Palestine. Which jail we go to is up to you . We did not ask you to reduce our rations; we did not ask you to put us in Poppendorf and Am Stau.

5273: 2383:' Ports Authority advertised the ships for sale in British shipping journals. The advertisement warned that some of the ships were fit only for scrap. But no-one bought 4493: 3547:"High Commissioner for Palestine to Secretary of State 15.7.47" in Alan Cunningham Collection, box 2 folder 1, Middle East Centre Archives, St Antony's College, Oxford. 2346:, described by police as a "brand new method" and the first use of a barrel bomb by Jewish forces. Irgun went on to carry out many more barrel bomb attacks in 1947–48. 5278: 2302:

managed to smuggle most of them into the U.S. zone, from where they again attempted to enter Palestine. Most had successfully reached Palestine by the time of the

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The treatment of the refugees at the camps caused an international outcry after it was alleged that the conditions could be likened to German concentration camps.

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For outstanding courage and skilful seamanship during the passage of an important convoy, which was subjected to heavy and sustained attacks by enemy submarines.

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Media coverage of the contest of wills put pressure on Britain to find a solution. The matter was reported to the UNSCOP members who had been deliberating in

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A telegram written by Jewish leaders of the camps on October 20, 1947. makes clear the wishes and determination of the refugees to find a home in Palestine:

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All Aliyah Bet ships were renamed with Hebrew names designed to inspire and rally the Jews of Palestine. On July 17, Mossad LeAliyah Bet renamed the ship

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passengers and crew were treated for mild injuries resulting from the boarding, and about 200 were treated for illnesses and maladies unrelated to it.

3882: 5248: 5233: 3780: 5243: 1940: 3461: 3504: 2013: 3534:"Secretary of State to High Commissioner for Palestine 14.7.47" in Alan Cunningham Collection, box 2 folder 1, Middle East Centre Archives, 1396:

Jewish paramilitary organization, and two days later sold her for $ 40,000 to the Weston Trading Company of New York, which was a Haganah

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and tents at Poppendorf and Am Stau but inclement weather made the tents unsuitable. The DPs were then moved in November 1947 to

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in France, she arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, July 25, 1945. She left active Navy service on September 13, was struck from the US

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on October 11 and was returned to the War Shipping Administration on November 14. She then spent about a year moored in the

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to Palestine. The story received much international attention, thanks in large part to dispatches from American journalist

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as the ship most likely to suffer resistance. A confidential report of the time noted: "It was known that the Jews on the

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and Pöppendorf. Although most of the women and children disembarked voluntarily, the men had to be carried off by force.

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Pöppendorf statt Palästina: Zwangsaufenthalt der Passagiere der "Exodus 1947" in Lübeck: Dokumentation einer Ausstellung

5263: 4273: 3590: 2829: 2811: 2048: 3371: 3166: 2883: 1118:, which was the vice-commodore's ship. 38 men were killed, the survivors abandoned ship, and an hour and a half later 812: 529: 4327: 4301: 4232: 4172: 4124: 4068: 4035: 4002: 3968: 3947: 3921: 3488: 2781: 2112: 3334: 1337:. About 50,000 people ended up in camps, more than 1,600 drowned at sea, and only a few thousand reached Palestine. 1523: 1334: 1187: 3427: 3411: 3247: 2943: 5238: 2688: 2032: 1920:

just after her arrival in Haifa, showing some of the damage she sustained when the two destroyers intercepted her

890: 1995: 4408: 4293: 4251: 4207: 4151: 3535: 2094: 1078:, but the packet boat quickly turned parallel to it and the torpedo passed by about 30 feet (9 m) off her 965: 620: 103: 4751: 4578: 3621: 1759: 1277: 4476: 2422: 1119: 1098: 3641: 3313: 1647:. She carried 4,515 refugees including 1,600 men, 1,282 women, and 1,017 young people and 655 teenagers. 1071: 911: 882: 581: 115: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5164: 4833: 4600: 2090: 1943:, who agreed with the plan after consulting the Navy. Before then, intercepted migrants were placed in 1223: 774: 4021: 3958: 1607:

ship was too large and unusual to go unnoticed. Even as people began boarding the ship at the port of

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commanded the operation. The ship was manned by a crew of some 35 volunteers, mostly American Jews.

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of each of the five surviving ships, including Captain Williams and his Chief Engineer, was made an

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headquarters in Haifa in retaliation for the British deportation of Jewish migrants who arrived on

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s hull remained visible as a home for fish and destination for fishermen until the mid-2000s. The

2024:. Foreign Secretary Bevin insisted that the French get their ship back as well as its passengers. 1994:, where her passengers were transferred to three larger and more seaworthy ships for deportation: 4895: 4455: 2641: 2083: 1944: 1749:

and asked whether she was carrying any migrants to Palestine. Instead of answering the question,

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left Sète sometime between two and four in the morning of July 11, 1947 claiming to be bound for

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IX-169. In July she served as a station and accommodations ship off Omaha Beach on the coast of

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fought the fire all day, but she burned down to her waterline. Her hulk was towed north of the

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was deemed well-suited for this because she was relatively fast, sturdy enough to not easily

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and the other coastal packet ships to bring them from the US to Britain. A crew commanded by

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released her liferafts to fall onto the decks of the two destroyers. The destroyers dropped

4885: 4864: 4771: 4393: 3723:. Database: ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Los Angeles Times (last accessed June 29, 2015) 3691: 2434: 2358: 2306:. Of the 4,500 would-be immigrants to Palestine there were only 1,800 remaining in the two 1548: 1540: 1527: 945: 930: 897:. Having been built only for service in the relatively sheltered waters of Chesapeake Bay, 804: 743: 655: 459: 449: 239: 3853: 1070:

twice sighted a periscope, but each time drove off the submarine with rapid fire from her

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was 56.6 ft (17.3 m) and her depth was 16.9 ft (5.2 m). As built, her

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was dedicated in a ceremony on July 18, 2017. The memorial, designed by Israeli sculptor

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and radio room were covered in wire and reinforced to prevent entry by British soldiers.

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which it adopted after a quarter of a million European Jews arrived fleeing Nazism, and

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torpedoed the destroyer, sinking her with all hands in the early hours of September 26.

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fired a spread of four torpedoes, two of which hit RB 1's commodore ship—the 4,989

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aircraft circled overhead and a Royal Navy warship waited a short distance out at sea.

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William Bernstein, who was killed in July 1947 when the Royal Navy boarded the ship.

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The convoy dispersed but the attack continued. Late on the evening of September 26,

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and Emden. For many of the illegal immigrants this was only a transit point as the

2244:(center with hat) speaking to Captain Ike Aronowicz of the Exodus (left) outside a 2059:

back to Germany was known in diplomatic and military circles as "Operation Oasis."

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sighted a submarine near her port quarter and opened fire with her 12-pounder. HMS

623:. From her completion in 1928 until 1942 she carried passengers and freight across 3939: 2480:, is made of bronze in the shape of an anchor, symbolically representing the role 1840:(40 km) from the Palestinian coast, two Royal Navy destroyers came alongside 1400:. Zionist supporters in Baltimore funded her purchase. Haganah transferred her to 5121: 4977: 2565: 2557: 2460: 2153: 2001: 1936: 1616: 988: 840: 792: 773:, who was President of the Baltimore Steam Packet Co and its parent company, the 735: 363: 284: 235: 1844:, one either side, converged on her, and jammed her between them. The destroyer 5051: 4987: 4906: 4345: 3903: 2521: 2418: 1948: 1901: 1871: 1704: 1505: 1501: 1478: 1264:, where she was one of many ships laid up as surplus after the end of the war. 1242: 1218:. There she served as a Combined Operations training and barracks ship for the 1207: 1183: 1179: 716: 624: 403: 182: 4289:

From Catastrophe to Power: The Holocaust Survivors and the Emergence of Israel

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to US control. On May 21, 1944 she was commissioned into the US Navy as USS

980:, and on September 21, 1942 she left St John's in Convoy RB 1 to Liverpool. 4681: 4661: 4500:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. January 17, 2008. Archived from 4283: 4189: 3339: 3309: 2593: 2540: 2536: 2403: 2395: 2017: 2016:(UNSCOP) witnessed the transfer. The three ships left Haifa on July 19 for 1932: 1804: 1754: 1722: 1622: 1556: 1273: 1091: 844: 724: 651: 290: 2354: 1466: 1423: 1344:

was the largest. She carried 4,515 passengers, the largest-ever number of

4823: 4723: 4671: 4610: 4261: 3994: 3986: 2642:"Progress view of President Warfield, hull #399, night passenger steamer" 2525: 2477: 1957: 1897: 1820: 1735: 1708: 1656: 1612: 1452: 1432: 1349: 1261: 973: 957: 751: 679: 603: 540: 432: 139: 3842: 2503:, based partly on the story of the ship, was published, though the ship 2379:

ships, was moored to the breakwater of Haifa port. In December 1947 the

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Convoy RB 1 officially comprised eight merchant ships, escorted by two

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the British government decided to deport the migrants back to France.

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The Exodus Affair: Holocaust Survivors and the Struggle for Palestine

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attacked the convoy about 800 nautical miles (1,500 km) west of

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Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist–Arab conflict, 1881–2001

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and then a heavy sea about 75 nautical miles (139 km) east of

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organizations began organizing an underground network known as the

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La Secrète et Véritable Histoire de l'" Exodus ". La loi du retour

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Exodus Monument, International Cruise Ship Terminal, Haifa, Israel

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1928 postcard promoting the Baltimore Steam Packet Co packet boats

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Jews against Zionism: the American Council for Judaism, 1942–1948

3142: 2299: 2044: 1819:, her Royal Navy escort was increased to five destroyers and two 1648: 1481:, in February 1947, on her abortive first attempt to reach France 1393: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1203: 1159: 1030: 907: 796: 121: 4484: 3978: 2213:

One of the official observers who witnessed the violence was Dr

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Passengers and Haganah members aboard resisted the Marines. The

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Cordon and Search: With the 6th Airborne Division in Palestine

3314:"Yitzhak Ahronovitch, 86, Jewish Refugee Ship's Captain, Dies" 2810: 355: 4593: 2507:

in the book is not the same but a smaller one and the "real"

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Jewish refugees on a train on their way to Sète to embark on

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arrived to tow her back to safety, but the weather eased and

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independently. Other surviving ships from the convoy reached

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who had no legal immigration certificates for Palestine. The

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s port side' holing on her saloon deck above the waterline.

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UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition

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British soldiers forcibly disembarking Morenci Rosman from

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suggested this and the request was relayed to General Sir

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For months, teams of Palestinians and Americans worked on

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www.jewish-american-society-for-historic-preservation.org

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from the WSA for $ 8,028. The company was acting for the

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s registered length was 320.0 ft (97.5 m), her

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On November 9, 1946 the Potomac Shipwrecking Company of

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100,000 people tried to illegally migrate to Palestine.

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Not only should it clearly establish the principle of

1508:. Her forward hold began to leak, and she radioed the 1226:. She provided accommodation for 105 officers and 500 3154: 3130: 2433:

is on the roof of the New York Central Iron Works in

1674:"Flight from Europe 5707") after the biblical Jewish 723:, where ships were waiting to return the migrants to 4542: 3963:. Cambridge, MD: Tidewater Publishers. p. 112. 3738: 3347: 3290: 4167:. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 54. 4077: 3726: 3148: 3112: 3088: 2224:A homemade bomb with a timed fuse was found aboard 1536:was able to reach Norfolk, VA under her own power. 777:, died while she was being built, so she was named 5274:World War II auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom 2286:The would-be migrants to Palestine were housed in 2205:escorting a refugee along the railway platform at 2179:were ordered aboard to eject the Jewish migrants. 1694:. The name was later described by Israel's second 1416:, made of steel which would help her to withstand 1047:—sinking her with the loss of 17 of her crew. HMS 5279:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States 4547:– website of the history of Palyam and Aliyah Bet 4198:(1st ed.). New York: Vintage Books. p. 3781:Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation 1361:a "spectacular publicity coup for the Zionists." 5220: 3715:"'Barrel Bomb' in Haifa Kills 10, Injures 54". 2369:After her historic voyage in 1947, the damaged 1979:British troops putting Jewish refugees aboard 1496:. On February 25, 1947 she left Baltimore for 4579: 4375:"In pictures, the 70th anniversary of the SS 2014:United Nations Special Committee on Palestine 1970: 1404:, the branch of Haganah that ran Aliyah Bet. 1340:Of the 64 vessels that sailed in Aliyah Bet, 1233:In July 1943 the British Government returned 3991:Exodus 1947: The Ship That Launched a Nation 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3659:Documents: British worried about Exodus flak 3462:"American Jewish History, markers, articles" 2062: 1636:on the first part of her voyage to Palestine 719:her in international waters and took her to 3878:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 3755: 3753: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3187: 3185: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 2930: 2928: 2821:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 674:, a station and accommodation ship for the 4586: 4572: 4322:(in German). Hamburg: Dölling und Galitz. 3852: 3830:"Exodus Memorial Dedication July 18, 2017" 3503:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2768: 2766: 2133:British troops disembarking refugees from 1874:of 50 Royal Marines, armed with clubs and 1731:and RAF aircraft shadowed her. Later, the 865:was modernised with the installation of a 4594:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1947 4372: 4317: 4052: 3795:"The Search for the Exodus, October 2016" 3699: 3302: 3124: 2543:, was broadcast nationally in the USA on 2528:, based on the above novel, was released. 2313:Within a year, over half of the original 2113:Learn how and when to remove this message 1655:was her Captain and Haganah commissioner 1103:fired a spread of two torpedoes, hitting 952:. From Boston onward she was escorted in 914:on her stern as main armament, plus four 831:The Baltimore Steam Packet Co registered 818: 750:in 1927 and completed in 1928. She was a 5249:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine 5234:Barracks ships of the United States Navy 4164:Chronology of World Terrorism, 1901–2001 4019: 3872:This article incorporates text from the 3750: 3580: 3550: 3523: 3405: 3393: 3365: 3284: 3227: 3221: 3209: 3182: 3065: 3037: 2925: 2709: 2707: 2459: 2353: 2235: 2197: 2181: 2128: 1974: 1911: 1880: 1781: 1703: 1621: 1578: 1551:being repaired. She then sailed via the 1465: 1422: 1368: 987: 822: 654:as a barracks and training ship for the 5244:Jews and Judaism in Mandatory Palestine 4531:– radio documentary on archived website 4406: 4244:The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol 4241: 3930: 3807: 3615: 3613: 3517: 3478: 3272: 2849: 2763: 2126:withdrawn once the Jews were screened. 1836:At about 0200 hrs on July 18, about 20 1319:1939 policy limiting Jewish immigration 1193: 5221: 4391: 4344: 4282: 4260: 4188: 4160: 4141: 4088:(Revised ed.). Jerusalem: Gefen. 3985: 3797:. January 4, 2017 – via YouTube. 3744: 3674: 3605: 3449: 3353: 3296: 3160: 3136: 2619: 2487: 1799:During the journey, the people aboard 1574: 1518:picked up her distress message, found 1500:, but she ran into bad weather in the 1364: 4567: 4474: 4460:, hull #399, night passenger steamer" 4366: 4216: 4110: 3956: 3832:. August 5, 2017 – via YouTube. 3759: 3565: 3433: 3417: 3377: 3332: 3253: 3238: 3191: 3172: 3100: 3050: 2949: 2934: 2889: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2787: 2772: 2704: 2694: 2321: 1022:. On the afternoon of September 25 a 873:and ship-to-shore telephone in 1939. 765:The ship was originally to be called 4535: 3902: 3808:Cashman, Greer Fay (July 19, 2017). 3732: 3619: 3610: 3017: 2991: 2965: 2905: 2535:, directed by Elizabeth Rodgers and 2472:, the first Israeli memorial to the 2273: 2095:adding citations to reliable sources 2066: 1323:Palestine's Arab population rebelled 1252:After service in England and on the 1158:escaped further attack, and reached 4425: 3896: 3774: 3646:Arutz Sheva, IsraelNationalNews.com 3308: 2727:of Shipping. 1930. PRE – via 2680:of Shipping. 1930. STA – via 2620:Nozick, Daniel (January 25, 2017). 2349: 2304:Israeli Declaration of Independence 1304:where ships took them illegally to 876: 754:of the Baltimore Steam Packet Co's 13: 4552:"יציאת אירופה תש"ז – אקסודוס 1947" 4373:Ben-David, Laura (July 27, 2017). 4311: 2830:Naval History and Heritage Command 2812:Naval History and Heritage Command 2797: 2231: 2038: 1924:Due to the high public profile of 1651:(Haganah's military wing) captain 1267: 487:18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) 135:1928–42: Baltimore Steam Packet Co 14: 5290: 4394:"The Ship That Launched a Nation" 4361: 2043:The ships went from Marseille to 1811:were issued to key personnel. As 5172: 5167: 4447:the Ship that Launched a Nation" 4407:Klinger, Jerry (July 24, 2017). 4268:. Nashville: The Battery Press. 3957:Brown, Alexander Crosby (1961). 3865: 3695:. September 10, 1947. p. 5. 2071: 1427:Four members of the crew aboard 1128:stopped to rescue survivors but 813:quadruple expansion steam engine 394: 387: 380: 373: 354: 347: 340: 333: 318: 311: 304: 297: 194: 181: 168: 22: 5269:Steamships of the United States 4392:Ingram, Susan (July 26, 2017). 3960:Steam Packets on the Chesapeake 3891: 3836: 3822: 3801: 3787: 3768: 3679: 3668: 3651: 3634: 3599: 3574: 3541: 3472: 3454: 3443: 3326: 3149:Hochstein & Greenfield 2010 3113:Hochstein & Greenfield 2010 3089:Hochstein & Greenfield 2010 3059: 3011: 2985: 2959: 2899: 2855: 2468:In historic recognition of the 2326:On September 29, 1947, Zionist 2082:needs additional citations for 1965: 1941:High Commissioner for Palestine 1777: 843:was 227753, and until 1933 her 5259:Ships built by Pusey and Jones 4318:Fahlbusch, Jan Henrik (1999). 4294:University of California Press 3483:. New York. pp. 139–140. 3333:Grant, Linda (June 30, 2007). 2875:of Shipping. 1942 – via 2755:of Shipping. 1934 – via 2735: 2660: 2634: 2613: 2531:In 1997, the documentary film 2417:were returned to the USA. Her 2365:departure site in Sète, France 1571:on the south coast of France. 1567:. In July 1947 she arrived at 1431:in Baltimore. On the right is 983: 746:, as hull number 399. She was 621:Baltimore Steam Packet Company 16:United States packet steamship 1: 3881:. The entry can be found 3620:Katz, Gregory (May 4, 2008). 2606: 1760:Pomp and Circumstance Marches 1563:, where she was refitted and 893:packet ships for the British 4292:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: 4223:. Checkmark Books. pp. 4059:. Jerusalem: Gefen. p. 3640:As cited in: Stern, Paula. " 3481:1947 : where now begins 2865:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 2745:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 2717:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 2670:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1753:responded by playing one of 1124:sank her drifting hulk. HMS 964:, England, provided British 7: 4554:(in Hebrew). Archived from 3642:The Flotilla and the Exodus 3536:St Antony's College, Oxford 3479:Åsbrink, Elisabeth (2017). 2862:"Steamers and Motorships". 2742:"Steamers and Motorships". 2714:"Steamers and Motorships". 2667:"Steamers and Motorships". 2648:. Hagley Museum and Library 2551: 1721:As the ship left port, the 1380:before she sailed to Europe 883:War Shipping Administration 730: 471:320.0 ft (97.5 m) 116:War Shipping Administration 10: 5295: 5254:Maritime incidents in 1947 4433:. אתר הפלי"ם ההעפלה והרכש. 4053:Hochstein, Joseph (1987). 2622:"Hebrews on the High Seas" 2413:Two significant relics of 1971:Attempted return to France 1947:, which was at the time a 1945:internment camps on Cyprus 1327:internment camps in Cyprus 1206:, where she moored in the 1090:joined in the action with 910:. She was fitted with one 871:wireless direction finding 775:Seaboard Air Line Railroad 530:quadruple expansion engine 479:56.6 ft (17.3 m) 5264:Ships sunk as breakwaters 5162: 5011: 4599: 4543:"אתר הפלי"ם ההעפלה והרכש" 4468:Hagley Museum and Library 4220:A Brief History of Israel 3777:"In Search of the Exodus" 3663:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2063:Disembarkation in Germany 1510:United States Coast Guard 1074:. A torpedo was fired at 925:s tonnages to 4,273 912:three-inch 12-pounder gun 895:Ministry of War Transport 582:three-inch 12-pounder gun 495:16.9 ft (5.2 m) 423: 110:Ministry of War Transport 104:Baltimore Steam Packet Co 36: 31:derelict in Haifa in 1952 21: 4413:finally feted in Israel" 4242:Stewart, Ninian (2002). 4161:Mattox, Henry E (2004). 4020:Halamish, Aviva (1998). 2877:Southampton City Council 2871:. Vol. II. London: 2757:Southampton City Council 2751:. Vol. II. London: 2729:Southampton City Council 2723:. Vol. II. London: 2682:Southampton City Council 2676:. Vol. II. London: 2600:Underground to Palestine 2589:Samuel Herschel Schulman 2373:, along with many other 2175:and 200 soldiers of the 2047:, which was then in the 1885:Helmeted members of the 1878:, onto the packet boat. 1143:torpedoed the steamship 1082:beam. Two minutes later 685:In 1947 she was renamed 369:call sign BKMS (1942–43) 4464:Hagley Digital Archives 4217:Reich, Bernard (2004). 4142:Kolsky, Thomas (1992). 4111:Holly, David C (1995). 3581:Ben-Dror, Elad (2022). 2646:Hagley Digital Archives 2163:The British identified 2049:British occupation zone 1986:The Royal Navy brought 1807:along her upper decks. 1672:Yetzi'at Eiropa Tashaz, 1308:. This was part of the 1282:displaced persons camps 950:St John's, Newfoundland 916:20mm anti-aircraft guns 424:General characteristics 329:KGQC (1934–42, 1943–47) 5239:Jewish immigrant ships 4498:Voices on Antisemitism 4418:San Diego Jewish World 4399:Baltimore Jewish Times 4246:. London: Frank Cass. 4085:The Jews' Secret Fleet 4056:The Jews' Secret Fleet 3936:The Palestine Triangle 2627:Baltimore Jewish Times 2574:Antoinette Feuerwerker 2465: 2427:Newport News, Virginia 2366: 2336:Palestine Police Force 2334:militants blew up the 2284: 2256: 2242:Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft 2210: 2191: 2137: 1983: 1963: 1921: 1893: 1889:boarding party aboard 1796: 1718: 1637: 1587: 1485:Haganah re-registered 1482: 1436: 1381: 1214:on the north coast of 1154:rescued 42 survivors. 1097:Just before midnight, 1059:rescued 49 survivors. 999: 976:JR Williams took over 940:sailed to Britain via 828: 819:Baltimore Steam Packet 609:that was built in the 454:from 1942: 4,273 4475:Smith, Roger (2007). 4117:Naval Institute Press 4078:Hochstein, Joseph M; 3721:. September 30, 1947. 3585:. London: Routledge. 3312:(December 23, 2009). 3018:Helgason, Guðmundur. 2992:Helgason, Guðmundur. 2966:Helgason, Guðmundur. 2906:Helgason, Guðmundur. 2463: 2357: 2310:camps by April 1948. 2280: 2239: 2203:Royal Military Police 2201: 2185: 2173:Royal Military Police 2132: 1978: 1953: 1915: 1884: 1785: 1765:public address system 1714:, which relieved HMS 1707: 1668:Yetz'iat (sic) Tasbaz 1625: 1582: 1547:spent a fortnight in 1539:After her damage was 1512:for help. The tanker 1469: 1426: 1372: 1258:Naval Vessel Register 1051:and the packet ships 991: 881:On July 12, 1942 the 867:fire sprinkler system 826: 444:as built: 1,814 2994:"HMS Veteran (D 72)" 2816:"President Warfield" 2435:Hagerstown, Maryland 2359:Commemorative plaque 2248:during a visit to a 2091:improve this article 1333:in Palestine, or to 1331:Atlit detention camp 1194:European war service 946:Halifax, Nova Scotia 744:Wilmington, Delaware 656:British Armed Forces 5205:32.8201°N 35.0045°E 5201: / 5104:Texas City disaster 4437:John Stanley Grauel 4384:The Times of Israel 4028:Vallentine Mitchell 3091:, pp. 128–130. 2584:John Stanley Grauel 2488:Cultural references 2410:near Shemen Beach. 1815:neared Palestinian 1575:Voyage to Palestine 1494:flag of convenience 1402:Mossad LeAliyah Bet 1374:John Stanley Grauel 1365:Voyage preparations 807:. She had a single 710:Holocaust survivors 706:Mandatory Palestine 153:Mossad LeAliyah Bet 4959:Clarksdale Victory 4715:Sir Harvey Adamson 4632:Middlebury Victory 4560:– archived website 4489:– archived website 4479:President Warfield 4458:President Warfield 4456:"Progress view of 4451:– documentary film 4352:. Paris: éditions 4080:Greenfield, Murray 3914:St. Martin's Press 3909:Terror out of Zion 3815:The Jerusalem Post 3692:The Glasgow Herald 3319:The New York Times 3072:The London Gazette 2514:In 1960, the film 2493:In 1958, the book 2466: 2381:Palestine Railways 2367: 2322:Jewish retaliation 2257: 2211: 2192: 2177:Sherwood Foresters 2138: 1984: 1922: 1894: 1817:territorial waters 1797: 1719: 1641:President Warfield 1638: 1601:President Warfield 1592:President Warfield 1588: 1585:President Warfield 1545:President Warfield 1534:President Warfield 1524:coast guard cutter 1522:and stood by. The 1520:President Warfield 1487:President Warfield 1483: 1471:President Warfield 1440:President Warfield 1437: 1429:President Warfield 1410:President Warfield 1398:front organization 1390:President Warfield 1382: 1378:President Warfield 1346:illegal immigrants 1239:President Warfield 1235:President Warfield 1200:President Warfield 1156:President Warfield 1084:President Warfield 1076:President Warfield 1000: 978:President Warfield 970:President Warfield 938:President Warfield 936:In September 1942 920:President Warfield 899:President Warfield 889:and several other 887:President Warfield 863:President Warfield 852:President Warfield 833:President Warfield 829: 786:President Warfield 784:Like her sisters, 779:President Warfield 771:S. Davies Warfield 740:President Warfield 670:President Warfield 664:United States Navy 658:. In 1944 she was 648:President Warfield 616:President Warfield 406:: IX-169 (1944–45) 166:1928–42, 1943–47: 147:United States Navy 83:S. Davies Warfield 62:President Warfield 56:President Warfield 54:1927–44, 1945–47: 5184: 5183: 4428:"John the Priest" 4115:. Annapolis, MD: 4095:978-965-229-023-6 3932:Bethell, Nicholas 3718:Los Angeles Times 3396:, pp. 69–74. 3368:, pp. 68–70. 3335:"The real Exodus" 3287:, pp. 68–69. 3224:, pp. 76–80. 3212:, pp. 77–80. 3103:, pp. 39–40. 2579:David Feuerwerker 2511:has been renamed. 2457:in October 2016. 2274:Final destination 2123: 2122: 2115: 2012:. Members of the 1930:Foreign Secretary 1666:(and, in Hebrew, 1632:, which shadowed 1590:As a packet boat 760:State of Virginia 756:State of Maryland 693:. She took 4,515 595: 594: 5286: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210:32.8201; 35.0045 5206: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5176: 5171: 5155: 5137: 5126: 5116: 5106: 5098: 5088: 5078: 5067: 5057: 5046: 5035: 5025: 5004: 4982: 4972: 4962: 4952: 4942: 4932: 4922: 4912: 4901: 4890: 4880: 4869: 4859: 4849: 4838: 4828: 4818: 4808: 4798: 4788: 4777: 4766: 4756: 4746: 4735: 4718: 4708: 4686: 4676: 4666: 4656: 4645: 4635: 4625: 4615: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4546: 4530: 4525:. Archived from 4505: 4488: 4483:. Archived from 4471: 4450: 4434: 4432: 4426:Klinger, Jerry. 4422: 4403: 4388: 4367:English language 4357: 4341: 4307: 4279: 4257: 4238: 4213: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4157: 4138: 4107: 4074: 4049: 4016: 3982: 3953: 3927: 3897:English language 3869: 3868: 3857: 3856: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3775:Klinger, Jerry. 3772: 3766: 3757: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3712: 3697: 3696: 3683: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3655: 3649: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3617: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3578: 3572: 3563: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3494: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3458: 3452: 3447: 3441: 3431: 3425: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3261: 3251: 3245: 3236: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3063: 3057: 3048: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2957: 2947: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2903: 2897: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2873:Lloyd's Register 2870: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2808: 2795: 2785: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2753:Lloyd's Register 2750: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2725:Lloyd's Register 2722: 2711: 2702: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2678:Lloyd's Register 2675: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2617: 2539:and narrated by 2447: 2423:Mariners' Museum 2350:Fate of the ship 2118: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2075: 2067: 1960: 1857: 1386:Washington, D.C. 1276:, about 250,000 1164:Northern Ireland 1109: 924: 877:Second World War 799:were 1,814 790: 689:to take part in 652:Second World War 399: 398: 392: 391: 385: 384: 378: 377: 366:167862 (1942–43) 359: 358: 352: 351: 345: 344: 338: 337: 323: 322: 316: 315: 309: 308: 302: 301: 199: 198: 186: 185: 173: 172: 161:Port of registry 26: 19: 18: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5219: 5218: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5158: 5140: 5129: 5119: 5109: 5101: 5095:Queen Elizabeth 5091: 5081: 5075:Ernest G. Small 5070: 5060: 5049: 5038: 5028: 5018: 5012:Other incidents 5007: 4985: 4975: 4965: 4955: 4945: 4935: 4925: 4915: 4904: 4893: 4883: 4872: 4862: 4852: 4841: 4831: 4821: 4811: 4801: 4791: 4780: 4769: 4759: 4749: 4738: 4721: 4711: 4705:Wilson B. Keene 4689: 4679: 4669: 4663:Empire Contamar 4659: 4648: 4638: 4628: 4618: 4608: 4595: 4592: 4550: 4541: 4538: 4536:Other languages 4509: 4506:– archived link 4492: 4454: 4441: 4430: 4369: 4364: 4346:Derogy, Jacques 4330: 4314: 4312:Other languages 4304: 4276: 4254: 4235: 4210: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4154: 4127: 4096: 4071: 4038: 4005: 3971: 3950: 3924: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3806: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3773: 3769: 3758: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3714: 3713: 3700: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3657:"As cited in: " 3656: 3652: 3639: 3635: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3579: 3575: 3564: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3533: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3477: 3473: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3428: 3416: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3331: 3327: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3264: 3252: 3248: 3237: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3201: 3190: 3183: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3064: 3060: 3049: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2964: 2960: 2948: 2944: 2933: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2904: 2900: 2888: 2884: 2868: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2826:Navy Department 2809: 2798: 2786: 2782: 2771: 2764: 2748: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2720: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2693: 2689: 2673: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2554: 2490: 2445: 2352: 2324: 2276: 2234: 2232:Camp conditions 2140:On September 7 2119: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2088: 2076: 2065: 2041: 2039:Operation Oasis 1973: 1968: 1956: 1937:Alan Cunningham 1855: 1780: 1617:Royal Air Force 1577: 1367: 1280:were living in 1270: 1268:Jewish refugees 1196: 1107: 1062:The 3,117 986: 929:and 2,611 922: 885:(WSA) acquired 879: 841:official number 821: 811:, powered by a 788: 736:Pusey and Jones 733: 515:Installed power 393: 386: 379: 372: 364:official number 353: 346: 339: 332: 317: 310: 303: 296: 285:official number 236:Pusey and Jones 193: 180: 167: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5292: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5182: 5181: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5138: 5134:Douglas H. Fox 5127: 5117: 5107: 5099: 5089: 5085:Empire Chamois 5079: 5068: 5058: 5047: 5036: 5026: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 4986:Unknown date: 4983: 4973: 4963: 4953: 4943: 4933: 4923: 4913: 4902: 4891: 4881: 4870: 4860: 4850: 4839: 4829: 4819: 4809: 4799: 4789: 4778: 4767: 4757: 4747: 4736: 4719: 4709: 4687: 4677: 4667: 4657: 4646: 4642:Empire Jonquil 4636: 4626: 4622:Drexel Victory 4616: 4605: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4590: 4583: 4576: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4558:on 2009-02-16. 4548: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4529:on 2009-01-17. 4507: 4504:on 2009-05-06. 4490: 4487:on 2009-02-15. 4472: 4452: 4439: 4423: 4404: 4389: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4362:External links 4360: 4359: 4358: 4342: 4328: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4302: 4280: 4275:978-0898390834 4274: 4262:Wilson, R Dare 4258: 4252: 4239: 4233: 4214: 4208: 4186: 4173: 4158: 4152: 4139: 4125: 4108: 4094: 4075: 4069: 4050: 4036: 4017: 4003: 3983: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3928: 3922: 3904:Bell, J Bowyer 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3835: 3821: 3800: 3786: 3767: 3749: 3737: 3735:, p. 245. 3725: 3698: 3678: 3667: 3650: 3648:. 6 June 2010. 3633: 3609: 3598: 3592:978-1032059631 3591: 3573: 3549: 3540: 3522: 3520:, p. 125. 3510: 3489: 3471: 3453: 3442: 3426: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3325: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3275:, p. 116. 3262: 3246: 3226: 3214: 3199: 3181: 3165: 3163:, p. 165. 3153: 3141: 3139:, p. 183. 3129: 3127:, p. 119. 3125:Hochstein 1987 3117: 3115:, p. 131. 3105: 3093: 3081: 3058: 3036: 3010: 2984: 2958: 2942: 2924: 2898: 2882: 2854: 2852:, p. 112. 2842: 2796: 2780: 2762: 2734: 2703: 2687: 2659: 2633: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2563: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2529: 2522:Otto Preminger 2512: 2489: 2486: 2351: 2348: 2323: 2320: 2275: 2272: 2233: 2230: 2188:Runnymede Park 2169:Runnymede Park 2165:Runnymede Park 2150:Runnymede Park 2121: 2120: 2079: 2077: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2040: 2037: 2009:Runnymede Park 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1949:British colony 1900:, an American 1898:second officer 1872:boarding party 1838:nautical miles 1779: 1776: 1696:Prime Minister 1576: 1573: 1515:E. W. Sinclair 1506:Diamond Shoals 1502:Virginia Capes 1479:North Carolina 1433:Second Officer 1366: 1363: 1269: 1266: 1243:pennant number 1208:River Torridge 1198:From Belfast, 1195: 1192: 1184:chief engineer 1072:12-pounder gun 985: 982: 878: 875: 820: 817: 781:in his honor. 732: 729: 650:served in the 625:Chesapeake Bay 593: 592: 591: 590: 584: 578: 573: 569: 568: 565: 561: 560: 557: 553: 552: 551:540 passengers 549: 545: 544: 543:(28 km/h) 537: 533: 532: 527: 523: 522: 516: 512: 511: 510: 509: 506: 501: 497: 496: 493: 489: 488: 485: 481: 480: 477: 473: 472: 469: 465: 464: 463: 462: 452: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 425: 421: 420: 414: 410: 409: 408: 407: 404:pennant number 400: 370: 367: 360: 330: 324: 294: 293:MOVN (1928–33) 288: 279: 278:Identification 275: 274: 271: 270:Out of service 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 247: 243: 242: 233: 229: 228: 227:22 August 1927 225: 221: 220: 210: 206: 205: 204: 203: 190: 177: 162: 158: 157: 156: 155: 149: 143: 136: 131: 127: 126: 125: 124: 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4196: 4191: 4190:Morris, Benny 4187: 4176: 4174:9781476609652 4170: 4166: 4165: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4126:1-55750-367-2 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4070:965-229-023-8 4066: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4037:0-85303-347-1 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4004:0-8129-3154-8 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3970:0-87033-111-6 3966: 3962: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3949:0-233-97069-X 3945: 3941: 3940:André Deutsch 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3923:0-312-79205-0 3919: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3886: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3874:public domain 3864: 3863: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3831: 3825: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3747:, p. 54. 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3671: 3665:. 8 May 2008. 3664: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3614: 3607: 3602: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3577: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3519: 3514: 3506: 3500: 3492: 3490:9781590518960 3486: 3482: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3408:, p. 80. 3407: 3406:Halamish 1998 3402: 3395: 3394:Halamish 1998 3390: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3367: 3366:Halamish 1998 3362: 3356:, p. 68. 3355: 3350: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3310:Fox, Margalit 3305: 3299:, p. 45. 3298: 3293: 3286: 3285:Halamish 1998 3281: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3222:Halamish 1998 3218: 3211: 3210:Halamish 1998 3206: 3204: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3151:, p. 38. 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3025: 3021: 3014: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2878: 2874: 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4485:the original 4478: 4463: 4457: 4444: 4416: 4410: 4397: 4382: 4376: 4349: 4319: 4288: 4265: 4243: 4219: 4194: 4178:. Retrieved 4163: 4143: 4112: 4084: 4055: 4022: 3993:. New York: 3990: 3987:Gruber, Ruth 3959: 3935: 3912:. New York: 3908: 3892:Bibliography 3880: 3871: 3843: 3838: 3824: 3813: 3803: 3789: 3770: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3690: 3681: 3670: 3662: 3653: 3645: 3636: 3625: 3601: 3582: 3576: 3543: 3518:Stewart 2002 3513: 3480: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3445: 3429: 3413: 3401: 3389: 3373: 3361: 3349: 3340:The Guardian 3338: 3328: 3317: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3273:Stewart 2002 3249: 3217: 3168: 3156: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3061: 3027:. Retrieved 3023: 3013: 3001:. Retrieved 2997: 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2971: 2961: 2945: 2915:. Retrieved 2911: 2901: 2885: 2864: 2857: 2850:Stewart 2002 2845: 2833:. Retrieved 2819: 2783: 2744: 2737: 2716: 2690: 2669: 2662: 2650:. Retrieved 2645: 2636: 2625: 2615: 2598: 2594:Rose Warfman 2566: 2558: 2541:Morley Safer 2537:Robby Henson 2532: 2520:directed by 2516: 2508: 2504: 2495: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2454: 2442: 2439: 2414: 2412: 2404:Kishon River 2396:Abba Khoushy 2391: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2362: 2339: 2325: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2226:Empire Rival 2225: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2193: 2187: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2149: 2146:Ocean Vigour 2145: 2142:Empire Rival 2141: 2139: 2135:Empire Rival 2134: 2124: 2109: 2100: 2089:Please help 2084:verification 2081: 2056: 2053: 2042: 2030: 2026: 2018:Port-de-Bouc 2007: 2003:Ocean Vigour 2002: 1997:Empire Rival 1996: 1987: 1985: 1981:Empire Rival 1980: 1966:Repatriation 1954: 1933:Ernest Bevin 1925: 1923: 1917: 1916:Close-up of 1906: 1895: 1890: 1867: 1859: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1821:minesweepers 1812: 1805:chicken wire 1800: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1778:Interception 1770: 1769: 1758: 1755:Edward Elgar 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1727: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1628: 1605: 1600: 1591: 1589: 1584: 1557:Porto Venere 1549:Philadelphia 1544: 1543:in Norfolk, 1538: 1533: 1528: 1519: 1513: 1486: 1484: 1470: 1447: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1428: 1409: 1406: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1358: 1353: 1341: 1339: 1315: 1274:World War II 1271: 1251: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1199: 1197: 1176: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1104: 1099: 1096: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1067: 1066:packet ship 1061: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:packet ship 1035: 1018: 1012: 1001: 994: 977: 969: 937: 935: 919: 898: 886: 880: 862: 861: 851: 849: 845:code letters 832: 830: 785: 783: 778: 766: 764: 759: 755: 739: 734: 708:. Most were 686: 684: 669: 667: 660:commissioned 647: 645: 615: 614: 598: 597: 596: 508:from 1942: 2 291:code letters 67: 61: 55: 48: 28: 5208: / 5043:Bonaventure 4898:Warrnambool 4513:Exodus 1947 4445:Exodus 1947 4411:Exodus 1947 4113:Exodus 1947 3995:Times Books 3844:Exodus 1947 3745:Mattox 2004 3675:Wilson 1984 3606:Wilson 1984 3450:Wilson 1984 3380:, pp. 3354:Gruber 1999 3297:Gruber 1999 3175:, pp. 3161:Kolsky 1992 3137:Morris 2001 3029:18 December 3003:18 December 2977:18 December 2917:18 December 2892:, pp. 2790:, pp. 2652:21 December 2547:television. 2533:Exodus 1947 2526:Paul Newman 2482:Exodus 1947 2478:Sam Philipe 2474:Exodus 1947 2470:Exodus 1947 2455:Exodus 1947 2443:Exodus 1947 2419:ship's bell 2415:Exodus 1947 2392:Exodus 1947 2385:Exodus 1947 2371:Exodus 1947 2363:Exodus 1947 2344:barrel bomb 2340:Exodus 1947 2315:Exodus 1947 2308:Exodus 1947 2288:Nissen huts 2057:Exodus 1947 1988:Exodus 1947 1958:refoulement 1926:Exodus 1947 1918:Exodus 1947 1907:Exodus 1947 1891:Exodus 1947 1870:and sent a 1868:Exodus 1947 1860:Exodus 1947 1853:Exodus 1947 1842:Exodus 1947 1813:Exodus 1947 1801:Exodus 1947 1794:Exodus 1947 1771:Exodus 1947 1751:Exodus 1947 1747:Exodus 1947 1664:Exodus 1947 1657:Yossi Harel 1634:Exodus 1947 1613:Montpellier 1457:boiler room 1453:engine room 1448:Exodus 1947 1359:Exodus 1947 1354:Exodus 1947 1350:Ruth Gruber 1342:Exodus 1947 1262:James River 1241:, with the 1228:other ranks 1053:New Bedford 984:Convoy RB 1 958:Coast Lines 850:Until 1942 847:were MOVN. 769:. However, 752:sister ship 727:in Europe. 687:Exodus 1947 680:Omaha Beach 613:in 1928 as 599:Exodus 1947 505:as built: 1 433:packet boat 246:Yard number 188:Southampton 140:Coast Lines 68:Exodus 1947 29:Exodus 1947 5229:1928 ships 5223:Categories 5196:35°00′16″E 5193:32°49′12″N 5054:Wave Laird 5032:Wanganella 4989:Ponaganset 4919:Gulfstream 4909:Crittenden 4896:HMAS 4699:High Flyer 4673:Stancliffe 4601:Shipwrecks 4519:Inside Out 4253:0714682543 4209:0679744754 4153:1566390095 4026:. London: 3938:. London: 3762:, p. 3760:Brown 1961 3568:, p. 3566:Brown 1961 3436:, p. 3434:Brown 1961 3420:, p. 3418:Brown 1961 3378:Brown 1961 3256:, p. 3254:Brown 1961 3241:, p. 3239:Brown 1961 3194:, p. 3192:Brown 1961 3173:Brown 1961 3101:Reich 2004 3053:, p. 3051:Brown 1961 3020:"Yorktown" 2968:"New York" 2952:, p. 2950:Brown 1961 2937:, p. 2935:Brown 1961 2890:Brown 1961 2788:Brown 1961 2775:, p. 2773:Brown 1961 2697:, p. 2695:Brown 1961 2607:References 2421:is in the 2376:Aliyah Bet 2292:Sengwarden 2254:Poppendorf 2246:Nissen hut 2215:Noah Barou 2207:Poppendorf 2190:in Hamburg 2103:April 2016 2022:Marseilles 1887:Royal Navy 1809:Small arms 1792:seen from 1688:Moshe Sneh 1489:under the 1461:wheelhouse 1310:Aliyah Bet 1007:destroyers 1004:Royal Navy 968:crews for 906:masts and 904:cargo ship 714:Royal Navy 691:Aliyah Bet 646:From 1942 564:Complement 526:Propulsion 418:breakwater 262:In service 240:Wilmington 89:The Exodus 51:(intended) 5150:USS 5143:USS 5132:USS 5073:USS 5052:RFA 5041:HMS 5022:Jan Steen 4907:USS 4887:Matagalpa 4875:USS 4844:USS 4783:USS 4772:USS 4741:HMS 4730:HMS 4693:Grandcamp 4683:Belpamela 4379:in Haifa" 4082:(2010) . 3733:Bell 1977 3627:USA Today 3499:cite book 3024:uboat.net 2998:uboat.net 2972:uboat.net 2912:uboat.net 2501:Leon Uris 2400:Fireboats 2209:, Germany 1846:HMS 1828:HMS 1787:HMS 1763:over her 1741:relieved 1736:HMS 1733:destroyer 1726:HMS 1709:HMS 1627:HMS 1498:Marseille 1408:capture. 1335:Mauritius 1306:Palestine 1224:Commandos 1149:HMS 1068:Southland 1057:Northland 1027:wolf pack 1011:HMS 993:HMS 962:Liverpool 857:call sign 839:. 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