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The SPAD 11 had some resemblance to BĂ©chereau's single-seat fighters and employed much the same method of simple construction. Longer and heavier than the fighters, the SPAD 11's lower wings were designed with cut-outs to improve the observer's view of the ground. The aircraft was armed with a single
182:
engine, but this lowered the aircraft's poor performance yet more. Handling problems were encountered, including tail-heaviness, making the aircraft tiring to fly, and a propensity to stall. In spite of these flaws, the SPAD was still superior to the
Sopwiths and Dorands, and 12 squadrons were fully
222:
The SPAD 16 arrived at the front line around the end of 1917. It equipped 27 French squadrons and 305 two-seater SPADs, mainly SPAD 16s, which were in service with French reconnaissance squadrons at the armistice, as opposed to 530 Salmson and 645 Breguet reconnaissance aircraft. The SPAD 16 served
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131:. It was developed under military specification C2, which called for a two-seat fighter aircraft. As a result of its failure to meet the levels of performance and agility demanded by the C2 specification, the SPAD 11 was used, along with the more successful
218:
engine of 240 bhp, or 250 bhp according to some sources. The new engine, while more powerful, resulted in a heavier aircraft and performance was slightly inferior to the SPAD 11. The original handling problems were largely unresolved.
190:
squadrons used the SPAD 11 and two from the United States. The SPAD 11 was unpopular in
American service, as in French, and so much so that one of the two squadrons issued with SPADs replaced them with
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equipped with SPAD 11s. Some 1,000 SPAD 11s were built, most of which were out of service by the autumn of 1918, in most cases replaced by the SPAD S.XVI.
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of the same calibre on a flexible mount for the observer. Testing of the SPAD 11 showed poor performance, said to be little better than that of the
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purchased a small number of aircraft after the war and some examples are known to have been used by Russia and Japan.
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of 1915 and it was rejected as a C.2 class fighter aircraft, being reclassified as an A.2 reconnaissance aircraft.
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206:, fitted with a searchlight on a framework mounted ahead of the propeller, under the Cn2 specification.
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reconnaissance aircraft. Persistent problems with the SPAD 11 led to its early replacement by the
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Cony, Christophe (August 1997). "Aviateur d'Observation en 14/18 (3ème partie et fin)".
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The SPAD 16 was a development of the SPAD 11. It was essentially a SPAD 11 with a
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The exact number of SPAD 16s built is uncertain but was probably around 1,000.
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Cortet, Pierre (May 1998). "RĂ©tros du Mois" [Retros of the Month].
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Six SPAD 16s were bought by the United States. One of these, flown by
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The Rand McNally
Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980.
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234:. He personally flew reconnaissance missions in it when the
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B engine. Some aircraft were fitted with a 12-cylinder
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Stratford, Connecticut: Flying
Machines Press, 1997.
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Further problems were encountered with the SPAD 11's
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of the First World War. The SPAD 11 was the work of
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617:San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983.
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119:(SPAD), who also designed the highly successful
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576:
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1064:1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft
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662:Davilla, James J., & Soltan, Arthur M.,
648:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire
631:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire
573:
747:
733:
33:Spad XVI at National Air and Space Museum
520:180 km/h (110 mph, 97 kn)
429:
676:Green, William and Gordon Swanborough.
664:French Aircraft of the First World War.
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645:
117:Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés
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223:with five post-war French squadrons.
716:at the National Air and Space Museum
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479:30.00 m (322.9 sq ft)
720:Photos of Billy Mitchell's Spad XVI
582:Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 542.
467:11.21 m (36 ft 9 in)
202:A single SPAD 11 was modified as a
13:
461:7.84 m (25 ft 9 in)
314:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
14:
1095:
707:
473:2.80 m (9 ft 2 in)
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383:
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343:
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277:
255:
24:
1079:Single-engined tractor aircraft
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1007:Trainers & sports aircraft
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538:3,000 m (9,850 ft) in 12.6 min
532:7,000 m (22,965 ft)
426:Specifications (SPAD S.XI A.2)
1:
680:. New York: Smithmark, 1994.
678:The Complete Book of Fighters
491:1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
441:The Complete Book of Fighters
232:National Air and Space Museum
209:
1084:Aircraft first flown in 1917
420:American Expeditionary Force
248:
163:firing forward and a single
7:
695:. London: Ian Allan, 1967.
505:, 160 kW (220 hp)
485:679 kg (1,497 lb)
10:
1100:
370:Imperial Russian Air Force
336:Corpo Aeronautico Militare
236:Second Battle of the Marne
1006:
940:
869:
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758:and Blériot-SPAD aircraft
633:(in French) (53): 16–20.
159:0.303-inch (7.7 mm)
32:
23:
18:
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558:and 1Ă— flexibly mounted
554:1Ă— fixed forward firing
115:, chief designer of the
693:Aircraft of World War I
446:General characteristics
109:reconnaissance aircraft
41:Reconnaissance aircraft
591:Angelucci 1983, p. 44.
435:
242:sector, in July 1918.
230:, is preserved at the
74:AĂ©ronautique Militaire
870:Fighters & racers
650:(in French) (62): 5.
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104:is a French two-seat
600:Munson 1967, p. 164.
193:Sopwith 1½ Strutters
139:, to replace ageing
556:Vickers machine gun
398:Uruguayan Air Force
161:Vickers machine gun
141:Sopwith 1½ Strutter
69:Primary users
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1051:
1050:
1047:
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691:Munson, Kenneth.
613:Angelucci, Enzo.
536:Time to altitude:
270:Belgian Air Force
216:Lorraine-Dietrich
165:Lewis machine gun
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773:-1, 2, 3 & 4
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530:Service ceiling:
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375:Soviet Air Force
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129:fighter aircraft
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43:Type of aircraft
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240:Château-Thierry
238:started in the
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113:Louis BĂ©chereau
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63:Louis BĂ©chereau
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861:Blériot-SPAD
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127:single-seat
101:
97:
95:
86:Number built
73:
511:Performance
495:Powerplant:
1058:Categories
524:Endurance:
503:V-8 engine
477:Wing area:
377:- Postwar.
210:SPAD S.XVI
149:SPAD S.XVI
137:Breguet 14
19:SPAD S.XI
941:Airliners
656:1243-8650
639:1243-8650
560:Lewis gun
465:Wingspan:
439:Data from
249:Operators
155:variant.
145:Dorand AR
133:Salmson 2
98:SPAD S.XI
59:Designer
1074:Biplanes
863:aircraft
544:Armament
169:SPAD S.A
79:Red Army
714:SPAD 16
526:2.25 hr
471:Height:
459:Length:
391:Uruguay
263:Belgium
197:Uruguay
188:Belgian
180:Renault
153:SPAD 16
125:SPAD 13
106:biplane
102:SPAD 11
847:S.XVII
827:S.XIII
699:
684:
670:
654:
637:
621:
410:
388:
360:
351:Russia
348:
326:
304:
285:France
282:
260:
186:Three
121:SPAD 7
90:1,000
998:S.126
993:S.116
932:S.710
927:S.510
842:S.XVI
832:S.XIV
822:S.XII
812:S.VII
567:Notes
552:Guns:
453:Crew:
307:Japan
38:Role
1039:S.72
1034:S.54
1029:S.42
1024:S.34
1019:S.30
1014:S.29
988:S.86
983:S.66
978:S.56
973:S.50
968:S.48
963:S.46
958:S.45
953:S.33
948:S.27
922:S.91
917:S.81
912:S.71
907:S.70
902:S.61
897:S.58
892:S.51
887:S.41
882:S.26
877:S.20
852:S.XX
837:S.XV
817:S.XI
756:SPAD
697:ISBN
682:ISBN
668:ISBN
652:ISSN
635:ISSN
619:ISBN
497:1 Ă—
143:and
135:and
123:and
96:The
53:SPAD
807:S.V
802:S.H
797:S.G
792:S.F
787:S.E
782:S.D
777:S.C
771:S.A
151:or
100:or
1060::
575:^
353:/
195:.
748:e
741:t
734:v
703:.
688:.
658:.
641:.
625:.
455:2
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