1408:
49:
996:, scoring three hits on the Russian ship that forced her to retreat. By 19 August, the Russian minefields had been cleared and the flotilla entered the Gulf. However, reports of Allied submarines in the area prompted the Germans to call off the operation the following day. Admiral Hipper later remarked that "to keep valuable ships for a considerable time in a limited area in which enemy submarines were increasingly active, with the corresponding risk of damage and loss, was to indulge in a gamble out of all proportion to the advantage to be derived from the occupation of the Gulf
542:
26:
690:
1515:, organizing the invasion force. Two days later the ship passed into the harbor at Helsingfors and landed the soldiers; she supported their advance with her main guns. The Red Guards were defeated within three days. The ship remained in Helsingfors until 30 April, by which time the White government had been installed firmly in power.
951:, and several pre-dreadnoughts. The force operated under the command of Hipper, who had by now been promoted to vice admiral. The eight battleships were to provide cover for the forces engaging the Russian flotilla. The first attempt on 8 August was broken off, as it took too long to clear the Russian minefields.
1139:; several large shells straddled (fell to either side of) the ship and rained splinters on her deck. Shortly thereafter, two torpedo tracks were spotted that turned out to be imaginary. The ships were then forced to slow down in order to allow the battlecruisers of I Scouting Group to pass ahead. Around 22:00,
1578:
informed the German commander, Rear
Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, that the Armistice was to expire at noon on 21 June 1919, the deadline by which Germany was to have signed the peace treaty. Reuter believed that the British intended to seize the German ships after the Armistice expired. To prevent this,
1365:
made 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph) on the return trip. The
British were aware of the German plans and sortied the Grand Fleet to meet them. By 14:35, Admiral Scheer had been warned of the Grand Fleet's approach and, unwilling to engage the whole of the Grand Fleet just 11 weeks after
919:
and destroyers. The German battle fleet was accompanied by several mine-warfare vessels, tasked first with clearing
Russian minefields and then laying a series of their own minefields in the northern entrance to the Gulf to prevent Russian naval reinforcements from reaching the area. The assembled
1119:
made 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). By 19:30 when Scheer signaled "Go west", the German fleet had faced the deployed Grand Fleet for a second time and was forced to turn away. In doing so, the order of the German line was reversed; this would have put II Squadron in the lead, but
Captain
1020:
and the rest of the High Seas Fleet had returned to their anchorages in the North Sea. The next operation conducted was a sweep into the North Sea on 11–12 September, though it ended without any action. Another sortie followed on 23–24 October during which the German fleet did not encounter any
1151:
observed unidentified light forces in the gathering darkness. After flashing a challenge via searchlight that was ignored, the two ships turned away to starboard in order to evade any torpedoes that might have been fired. The rest of I Battle
Squadron followed them. During the brief encounter,
871:, her three sisters and eight pre-dreadnoughts sailed in support of the battlecruisers. On the evening of 15 December, they came to within 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) of an isolated squadron of six British battleships. However, skirmishes between the rival
1299:. Over the course of the battle, the ship had fired fifty-one 28 cm shells, one-hundred and seventy-six 15 cm rounds, and one hundred and six 8.8 cm shells. Repair work followed immediately in Wilhelmshaven and was completed by 17 June.
1317:
in an attempt to draw out and destroy Beatty's battlecruisers. As only two of the four German battlecruisers were still in fighting condition, three dreadnoughts were assigned to the
Scouting Group for the operation:
1359:. The ship took in approximately 800 metric tons (790 long tons; 880 short tons) of water, but the torpedo bulkhead held. Three torpedo-boats were detached from the fleet to escort the damaged ship back to port;
585:
consisting of eight 28 cm (11 in) guns. Over the next two years, the design was refined into a larger vessel with twelve of the guns, by which time
Britain had launched the all-big-gun battleship
1207:; the ship was quickly turned into a burning wreck. The destroyer nevertheless continued to fire with her stern guns and launched her two starboard torpedoes. One of the British destroyers scored a hit on
1081:
was the last ship in the division, astern of her three sisters. II Division was the last unit of dreadnoughts in the fleet; they were followed by only the elderly pre-dreadnoughts of II Battle
Squadron.
574:
with their 17 cm (6.7 in) secondaries. German designers initially considered ships equipped with 21 cm (8.3 in) secondary guns, but erroneous reports in early 1904 that the
British
1554:
suffered serious damage to her boilers that reduced her speed to 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph). After returning to port, she was decommissioned and employed as an artillery training ship.
621:
and the Navy's construction department. The department stated in 1905 that the "use of turbines in heavy warships does not recommend itself." This decision was based solely on cost: at the time,
1592:
was struck from the German naval list on 5 November 1919 and subsequently handed over to the Allies under the contract name "D" on 5 August 1920. The ship was then sold to ship-breakers in
1037:
was damaged by a
British mine and had to return to port prematurely. Due to poor visibility, the operation was soon called off, leaving the British fleet no time to intercept the raiders.
567:, including Italian and American ships with 20.3 cm (8 in) guns and British ships with 23.4 cm (9.2 in) guns, outclassing the previous German battleships of the
1583:
his ships at the first opportunity. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships.
1572:
and her three sisters—the oldest dreadnoughts in the German navy-were not among the ships listed for internment, so they remained in German ports. During the internment, a copy of
1091:, engaged and opened fire on the British 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, though the range and poor visibility prevented effective fire, which was soon checked. At 18:05,
767:, construction proceeded swiftly and secretly; detachments of soldiers guarded both the shipyard and the major contractors who supplied building materials, such as
966:, four light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats managed to breach the Russian defenses. On the first day of the assault, two German light craft—the minesweeper
1164:
again assumed a position guiding the fleet, this time because Scheer wanted lead ships with greater protection against torpedoes than the pre-dreadnoughts had.
1229:
and briefly engaged her with her secondary guns; in about 45 seconds she fired thirteen 15 cm and thirteen 8.8 cm shells before turning away.
887:, Ingenohl broke off the engagement and turned the battlefleet back towards Germany. In late March 1915 the ship went into drydock for periodic maintenance.
1295:
in the lead, the German fleet reached Wilhelmshaven a few hours later, where the battleship and two of her sisters took up defensive positions in the outer
909:
itself. To do so, the German planners intended to drive off or destroy the Russian naval forces in the Gulf, which included the pre-dreadnought battleship
1065:
and condenser trouble on several of the III Battle Squadron dreadnoughts delayed the plan until the end of May 1916. The German battlefleet departed the
1640:) denotes that the gun quick firing, while "L/45" provides the length of the gun regarding the diameter of the barrel. In this case, the L/45 gun is 45
2746:
1505:, which was the outer defense for Hanko, by 3 April. The German army quickly took the port. The task force then proceeded to Helsingfors; on 9 April
601:
was 146.1 m (479 ft 4 in) long, 26.9 m (88 ft 3 in) wide, and had a draft of 8.9 m (29 ft 2 in). She
1239:; she was hit at least seven times and suffered 42 dead, six missing, and 34 wounded crew members. An officer aboard the light cruiser
581:
would be equipped with a secondary battery of 25.4 cm (10 in) guns prompted them to consider an even more powerful ship armed with an
1562:
Following the German collapse in November 1918, a significant portion of the High Seas Fleet was interned in Scapa Flow under the terms of the
853:
participated in most of the fleet advances into the North Sea throughout the war. The first operation was conducted primarily by Rear Admiral
1167:
At about 00:30, the leading units of the German line encountered British destroyers and cruisers. A violent firefight at close range ensued;
1021:
British forces. Another uneventful advance into the North Sea took place on 21–22 April 1916. A bombardment mission followed two days later;
761:
was delayed while arms and armor were procured. She was laid down on 12 August 1907 at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen. As with her sister
1717:
By this time, the Armistice had been extended to 23 June, though there is some contention as to whether Reuter was aware of this. Admiral
1313:
Another fleet advance followed on 18–22 August, during which the I Scouting Group battlecruisers were to bombard the coastal town of
605:
18,873 t (18,575 long tons) with a standard load, and 20,535 t (20,210 long tons) fully laden. The ship design retained 3-shaft
2869:
1136:
514:
862:
677:, and the armored deck was 80 mm (3.1 in) thick. The main battery turrets had 280 mm (11 in) thick sides, and the
1381:
briefly went into the Baltic Sea for training, before returning to the North Sea on 4 October. The fleet then advanced as far as the
973:
967:
806:
participated in a ceremony for the opening of the new third entrance in the Wilhelmshaven Naval Dockyard. Exactly one month later,
1216:
s bridge with its 4-inch (10 cm) guns, killing two men and wounding eight; Captain Redlich was slightly wounded. At 00:50,
2859:
629:
royalty fee for every turbine engine. German firms were not ready to begin production of turbines on a large scale until 1910.
2739:
2715:
2689:
2670:
2651:
2623:
2601:
2582:
2563:
2544:
2522:
2499:
2477:
2456:
2437:
1028:
622:
1285:
Despite the ferocity of the night fighting, the High Seas Fleet punched through the British destroyer forces and reached
1661:, a compact arrangement that reduced the length of the ship. No foreign dreadnought at that time used this arrangement.
1180:
with her 15 cm and 8.8 cm guns at a distance of about 1,800 m (2,000 yd). Her first salvo destroyed
1686:
1407:
816:, which were interrupted only by fleet training exercises in February 1910. At the completion of the trials on 3 May,
2854:
1432:
were tasked with a mission to Finland to support German army units to be deployed there. The Finns were engaged in a
2732:
2511:
Die Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz
1721:
stated that he informed Reuter on the evening of the 20th, though Reuter claims he was unaware of the development.
426:
on 16 November 1909. The ship was equipped with a main battery of twelve 28 cm (11 in) guns in six twin
2831:
1586:
As a result of the scuttling at Scapa Flow, the Allies demanded replacements for the ships that had been sunk.
1325:
1563:
1444:. On 23 February, the two ships took on the 14th Jäger Battalion, and early on 24 February they departed for
1385:
on 19–20 October. The ship remained in port for the majority of 1917. The ship did not actively take part in
617:, with the addition in 1915 of supplementary oil firing. This machinery was chosen at the request of Admiral
241:
2806:
575:
568:
560:
2466:
Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
1059:
as the fleet commander, immediately planned another attack on the British coast. However, the damage to
2815:
1705:
1669:
1126:
noted that II Squadron was out of position and began his turn immediately, assuming the lead position.
1113:
scored no hits. Scheer had by this time called for maximum speed in order to pursue the British ships;
927:
896:
827:
486:
2515:
The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws
606:
1314:
740:
1620:
1308:
1075:
was assigned to II Division of I Battle Squadron, under the command of Rear Admiral W. Engelhardt.
910:
650:
325:
2755:
1680:
536:
387:
147:
779:
by a crew composed of dockyard workers for a final fitting-out. However, the water level in the
523:
was ceded to the Allies as a replacement for the ships that had been sunk. She was then sent to
461:
led the German line for much of the evening and into the following day, until the fleet reached
1662:
1477:. Negotiations ensued, which resulted in the landing of the German troops on Ă…land on 7 March;
1437:
1342:
at the rear of the line, would trail behind and provide cover. However, at 06:00 on 19 August,
1197:
before turning 90 degrees to starboard to evade any torpedoes that might have been fired.
1102:
876:
733:
587:
179:
1366:
the close call at Jutland, turned his forces around and retreated to German ports. Repairs to
1701:
502:
127:
2467:
465:. On another fleet advance in August 1916, the ship was damaged by a torpedo from a British
225:
2236:
1457:
1441:
1277:
401:
1456:. The task force reached the Ă…land Islands on 5 March, where they encountered the Swedish
1402:
422:
on 12 August 1907, launched nearly a year later on 1 July 1908, and commissioned into the
8:
2864:
1641:
602:
165:
1548:
steamed out towards Terschelling to support German patrols in the area. While en route,
826:
of the High Seas Fleet; two days later, she became the squadron flagship, replacing the
837:
645:
guns in an unusual hexagonal configuration. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve
618:
564:
2711:
2685:
2666:
2647:
2619:
2597:
2578:
2559:
2540:
2518:
2495:
2473:
2452:
2433:
1537:
1466:
1433:
1046:
884:
823:
662:
642:
614:
506:
446:
311:
219:
2637:
2633:
1718:
1386:
1223:
1158:
fired seven of her 28 cm shells in the span of about two and a half minutes.
934:
854:
784:
666:
563:; at the time, battleships of foreign navies had begun to carry increasingly heavy
367:
1052:
674:
423:
2665:. Vol. 1: Deutschland, Nassau and Helgoland Classes. Oxford: Osprey Books.
2532:
541:
1658:
1472:
1449:
509:. The ship remained in Germany while the majority of the fleet was interned in
1524:
returned to the North Sea where she rejoined I Battle Squadron. On 11 August,
840:, but this plan was discarded after the outbreak of World War I in July 1914.
2848:
2783:
2643:
2611:
1811:
1460:
1174:
1098:
1056:
858:
678:
646:
524:
462:
361:
318:
279:
131:
54:
2724:
2639:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
2487:
1543:
1356:
1319:
946:
902:
865:
on 15–16 December 1914. A German battlefleet of 12 dreadnoughts, including
830:
788:
658:
638:
482:
332:
25:
1654:
1382:
1234:
880:
780:
772:
722:
689:
661:. One tube was mounted in the bow, another in the stern, and two on each
582:
438:
434:
397:
262:
2539:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
445:, where she took part in several fleet sorties. These culminated in the
2769:
1593:
1331:
1286:
940:
762:
670:
657:. The ship was also armed with six 45 cm (17.7 in) submerged
510:
478:
427:
393:
352:
346:
153:
65:
1502:
1495:
remained in Danzig until 31 March, when she departed for Finland with
1251:
managed to withdraw from the battle and reach port. Just after 01:00,
1135:
and her sister ships began to be engaged by the battlecruisers of the
875:
screens in the darkness convinced the German fleet commander, Admiral
2790:
1676:
1580:
1574:
1296:
1107:. Despite the short distance, around 18,000 metres (19,690 yd),
1066:
1027:
joined the battleship support for Hipper's battlecruisers while they
961:
905:
in order to assist the German army, which was planning an assault on
901:
In August 1915, the German fleet attempted to clear the Russian-held
872:
813:
729:
626:
466:
442:
411:
247:
1644:, which means that the gun is 45 times as long as its diameter.
1000:
the capture of Riga from the land side." In fact, the battlecruiser
455:
was heavily engaged in night-fighting against British light forces.
1453:
1448:. Ă…land was to be a forward operating base, from which the port of
1390:
791:. Even so, it took two attempts before the ship cleared the river.
654:
415:
173:
75:
1445:
1668:
carried two wing turrets and three more on the centerline, while
1349:
1247:
as "an absolute shambles." Despite the serious damage inflicted,
1193:
fired ninety-two 15 cm and forty-five 8.8 cm rounds at
916:
610:
2708:
Spoils of War: The Fate of Enemy Fleets after the Two World Wars
1823:
954:
On 16 August 1915, a second attempt was made to enter the Gulf:
681:
was protected with 400 mm (15.7 in) of armor plating.
625:
held a monopoly on steam turbines and required a 1 million
613:
engines. Steam was provided to the engines by twelve coal-fired
1484:
1085:
Between 17:48 and 17:52, eleven German dreadnoughts, including
419:
1512:
1264:, which was wrecked and set ablaze in a matter of seconds by
771:. The ship was launched on 1 July 1908, underwent an initial
768:
169:
1355:, some 55 nautical miles (102 km; 63 mi) north of
1233:
was engaged by other German warships, including the cruiser
1203:
and several cruisers and destroyers joined in the attack on
1187:
s bridge and forward deck gun. In the span of five minutes,
906:
776:
1452:
would be secured, following an assault on the capital of
1031:
on 24–25 April. During this operation, the battlecruiser
2492:
The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918
794:
On 16 October 1909, before commissioned into the fleet,
2081:
1393:
to prevent a possible British incursion into the area.
2517:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
2250:
2204:
2194:
2192:
1961:
1937:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1691:) designs carried four gun turrets on the centerline.
527:
in England, who broke the ship up for scrap by 1924.
2396:
2394:
2009:
1997:
1925:
775:, and then in mid-September 1909 was transferred to
673:
was 300 mm (11.8 in) thick in the central
298:
2nd command flagship: 42 officers, 991 men
278:
At 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph): 8,380
2472:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189.
2298:
2189:
2177:
2153:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2069:
861:; the ships bombarded the English coastal towns of
501:was sent back to the Baltic in 1918 to support the
295:
Squadron flagship: 53 officers, 1,034 men
268:
Maximum: 20.2 knots (37.4 km/h; 23.2 mph)
18:
Nassau-class battleship of the German Imperial Navy
2575:"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918
2379:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2216:
2165:
2141:
2129:
2057:
2045:
2033:
1973:
1949:
1901:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1850:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1746:
1734:
2469:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
2465:
2391:
2322:
2310:
2021:
1913:
1829:
1817:
1276:. She also managed to sink the British destroyer
513:after the end of the war. In 1919, following the
2846:
2406:
1835:
1634:In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (
836:. The navy had intended to transfer the ship to
2616:Dreadnought: A History of the Modern Battleship
2346:
1985:
1889:
1862:
1847:
559:class began in late 1903 in the context of the
2367:
1799:
1055:, who had succeeded Admirals von Ingenohl and
755:at the end of March 1906, but construction on
495:supported a German naval assault on the gulf.
2740:
2432:. London: Pen & Sword Military Classics.
1653:Four of the six gun turrets were arranged as
1596:, where she was broken up for scrap by 1924.
1097:began firing again; her target was a British
991:
890:
787:had to be attached to the ship to reduce her
2754:
1635:
1618:
1587:
1567:
1549:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1478:
1427:
1421:
1412:
1389:in the Baltic, though she was stationed off
1376:
1367:
1360:
1343:
1337:
1290:
1271:
1265:
1252:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1076:
1070:
1060:
1032:
1022:
1015:
1001:
985:
979:
955:
921:
866:
848:
817:
807:
801:
795:
756:
750:
744:
716:
710:
704:
694:
632:
596:
554:
518:
496:
490:
472:
456:
450:
405:
380:
31:
883:was deployed before him. Under orders from
515:scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow
2747:
2733:
2705:
1009:
477:also conducted several deployments to the
2234:
743:secretly approved and provided funds for
1406:
1396:
688:
540:
292:Standard: 40 officers, 968 men
2684:. London: Cassell Military Paperbacks.
1708:, which is often used in British works.
1348:was torpedoed by the British submarine
1302:
2847:
1700:The times used in this article are in
1679:on the centerline. The first Russian (
2728:
1260:s searchlights fell on the destroyer
926:and her three sister ships, the four
783:was low at this time of year, so six
430:in an unusual hexagonal arrangement.
45:
2706:Dodson, Aidan; Cant, Serena (2020).
2558:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2508:
2449:Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting
2446:
2304:
2198:
2183:
2159:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2075:
2063:
2051:
1793:
1040:
699:shortly after completion, circa 1910
485:. The first of these was during the
449:on 31 May – 1 June 1916, where
192:146.1 m (479 ft 4 in)
2679:
2553:
2427:
2385:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2222:
2210:
2171:
2147:
2135:
2087:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1919:
863:Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby
653:guns, all of which were mounted in
13:
2870:World War I battleships of Germany
2699:
2632:
2572:
2531:
2486:
2412:
2400:
2328:
2316:
1841:
1769:
1757:
1740:
684:
441:, seeing extensive service in the
358:Battery: 160 mm (6.3 in)
200:26.9 m (88 ft 3 in)
182:: 21,000 t (21,000 long tons)
14:
2881:
2710:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
2660:
2610:
2494:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
2451:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
2361:
2340:
1991:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1856:
1805:
1781:
1336:. The High Seas Fleet, including
1006:had been torpedoed that morning.
651:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45
326:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45
208:8.9 m (29 ft 2 in)
2591:
2373:
933:battleships, the battlecruisers
647:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45
545:Plan and profile drawing of the
319:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45
47:
24:
2682:Jutland: The German Perspective
2228:
1711:
1694:
1647:
1029:attacked Yarmouth and Lowestoft
978:—were sunk. The following day,
643:28 cm (11 in) SK L/45
312:28 cm (11 in) SK L/45
282:(15,520 km; 9,640 mi)
2832:List of battleships of Germany
2556:A Naval History of World War I
1628:
1611:
843:
530:
331:6 Ă— 45 cm (17.7 in)
242:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2860:Ships built in Bremen (state)
2663:German Battleships: 1914–1918
2421:
1820:, pp. 21, 112, 259, 302.
1704:, which is one hour ahead of
1330:, and the newly commissioned
1173:opened fire on the destroyer
609:instead of the more advanced
2596:. London: Southwater Books.
2237:"Battle Of Jutland Timeline"
1728:
1675:mounted all four turrets in
1657:, two on either side of the
1604:
561:Anglo-German naval arms race
349:: 300 mm (11.8 in)
7:
2577:. Amherst: Humanity Books.
1625:", or "His Majesty's Ship".
1375:Following the repair work,
1372:lasted until 26 September.
715:under the provisional name
265:(35 km/h; 22 mph)
10:
2886:
2594:Battleships of World War I
2537:German Warships: 1815–1945
2428:Bennett, Geoffrey (2006).
1400:
1306:
1137:3rd Battlecruiser Squadron
1044:
897:Battle of the Gulf of Riga
894:
891:Battle of the Gulf of Riga
828:pre-dreadnought battleship
703:The German Imperial Navy (
534:
487:Battle of the Gulf of Riga
370:: 30 mm (1.2 in)
355:: 280 mm (11 in)
2827:
2801:
2765:
2554:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
2235:Jtalarico (13 May 2016).
1518:Following the operation,
1289:by 4:00 on 1 June. With
433:The ship served with her
138:
40:
23:
2855:Nassau-class battleships
2680:Tarrant, V. E. (2001) .
2618:. Periscope Publishing.
2573:Herwig, Holger (1998) .
1599:
1309:Action of 19 August 1916
915:and a number of smaller
607:triple expansion engines
2509:GrieĂźmer, Axel (1999).
2447:Campbell, John (1998).
1557:
1501:; the ships arrived at
1010:Return to the North Sea
665:, on either end of the
537:Nassau-class battleship
139:General characteristics
1636:
1621:Seiner Majestät Schiff
1619:
1588:
1568:
1550:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1479:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1344:
1338:
1291:
1272:
1266:
1253:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1131:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1071:
1061:
1033:
1023:
1016:
1002:
992:
986:
980:
956:
922:
920:German fleet included
877:Friedrich von Ingenohl
867:
849:
818:
808:
802:
800:along with her sister
796:
757:
751:
745:
717:
711:
705:
700:
695:
633:
597:
555:
550:
519:
497:
491:
473:
457:
451:
406:
381:
32:
2430:The Battle of Jutland
1830:Campbell & Sieche
1818:Campbell & Sieche
1458:coastal defense ships
1420:On 22 February 1918,
1410:
1397:Expedition to Finland
1014:By the end of August
812:was commissioned for
721:as a replacement for
692:
544:
2661:Staff, Gary (2010).
2646:: Ballantine Books.
2592:Hore, Peter (2006).
2090:, pp. 154, 172.
1303:Raid of 18–19 August
1101:, most probably the
1069:at 03:30 on 31 May.
583:all-big-gun armament
437:for the majority of
402:German Imperial Navy
2259:, pp. 246–247.
2213:, pp. 126–127.
1970:, pp. 197–198.
1946:, pp. 196–197.
565:secondary batteries
553:Design work on the
2759:-class battleships
1784:, pp. 23, 35.
1617:"SMS" stands for "
1418:
972:and the destroyer
879:, that the entire
838:II Battle Squadron
706:Kaiserliche Marine
701:
619:Alfred von Tirpitz
615:water-tube boilers
579:-class battleships
551:
220:water-tube boilers
2840:
2839:
2717:978-1-5267-4198-1
2691:978-0-304-35848-9
2672:978-1-84603-467-1
2653:978-0-345-40878-5
2634:Massie, Robert K.
2625:978-1-904381-11-2
2603:978-1-84476-377-1
2584:978-1-57392-286-9
2565:978-1-55750-352-7
2546:978-0-87021-790-6
2524:978-3-7637-5985-9
2501:978-1-84832-229-5
2479:978-0-85177-245-5
2458:978-1-55821-759-1
2439:978-1-84415-436-4
2343:, pp. 26–27.
2018:, pp. 56–58.
2006:, pp. 52–54.
1934:, pp. 31–33.
1910:, pp. 23–24.
1772:, pp. 59–60.
1760:, pp. 23–24.
1743:, pp. 72–75.
1677:superfiring pairs
1483:then returned to
1403:Invasion of Ă…land
1047:Battle of Jutland
1041:Battle of Jutland
885:Kaiser Wilhelm II
824:I Battle Squadron
649:guns and sixteen
507:Finnish Civil War
447:Battle of Jutland
396:, the first four
376:
375:
2877:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2695:
2676:
2657:
2629:
2607:
2588:
2569:
2550:
2528:
2505:
2483:
2462:
2443:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1860:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1722:
1719:Sydney Fremantle
1715:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1637:Schnelladekanone
1632:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1591:
1571:
1553:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1510:
1500:
1494:
1482:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1387:Operation Albion
1380:
1371:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1327:Grosser KurfĂĽrst
1294:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1036:
1026:
1019:
1005:
995:
989:
983:
959:
925:
870:
855:Franz von Hipper
852:
821:
811:
805:
799:
760:
754:
748:
720:
714:
708:
698:
667:torpedo bulkhead
636:
600:
558:
522:
500:
494:
476:
460:
454:
409:
384:
368:Torpedo bulkhead
228:(16,181 kW)
102:16 November 1909
57:
52:
51:
50:
35:
28:
21:
20:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2823:
2797:
2761:
2753:
2718:
2702:
2700:Further reading
2692:
2673:
2654:
2626:
2604:
2585:
2566:
2547:
2525:
2502:
2480:
2459:
2440:
2424:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1863:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1695:
1688:Dante Alighieri
1685:) and Italian (
1652:
1648:
1633:
1629:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1560:
1405:
1399:
1311:
1305:
1257:
1213:
1184:
1053:Reinhard Scheer
1049:
1043:
1012:
899:
893:
846:
739:ironclads. The
732:of the elderly
687:
685:Service history
539:
533:
424:High Seas Fleet
386:was one of the
213:Installed power
118:5 November 1919
53:
48:
46:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2812:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2677:
2671:
2658:
2652:
2630:
2624:
2612:Hough, Richard
2608:
2602:
2589:
2583:
2570:
2564:
2551:
2545:
2529:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2484:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2403:, p. 256.
2390:
2388:, p. 307.
2378:
2366:
2345:
2333:
2331:, p. 683.
2321:
2319:, p. 682.
2309:
2307:, p. 336.
2297:
2295:, p. 292.
2285:
2283:, p. 263.
2273:
2271:, p. 240.
2261:
2249:
2227:
2225:, p. 222.
2215:
2203:
2201:, p. 288.
2188:
2186:, p. 287.
2176:
2174:, p. 298.
2164:
2162:, p. 286.
2152:
2150:, p. 218.
2140:
2138:, p. 204.
2128:
2126:, p. 258.
2116:
2114:, p. 257.
2104:
2102:, p. 254.
2092:
2080:
2078:, p. 103.
2068:
2056:
2044:
2042:, p. 286.
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1982:, p. 198.
1972:
1960:
1958:, p. 197.
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1861:
1846:
1834:
1832:, p. 140.
1822:
1810:
1798:
1796:, p. 177.
1786:
1774:
1762:
1745:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1710:
1693:
1672:South Carolina
1659:superstructure
1646:
1627:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1579:he decided to
1559:
1556:
1401:Main article:
1398:
1395:
1307:Main article:
1304:
1301:
1129:Around 21:20,
1045:Main article:
1042:
1039:
1011:
1008:
895:Main article:
892:
889:
859:battlecruisers
845:
842:
718:Ersatz Sachsen
686:
683:
535:Main article:
532:
529:
400:built for the
374:
373:
372:
371:
365:
359:
356:
350:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
329:
322:
315:
306:
302:
301:
300:
299:
296:
293:
288:
284:
283:
276:
272:
271:
270:
269:
266:
257:
253:
252:
251:
250:
244:
236:
232:
231:
230:
229:
222:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
184:
183:
177:
168:: 18,873
161:
157:
156:
145:
144:Class and type
141:
140:
136:
135:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
110:11 August 1918
108:
107:Decommissioned
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
86:12 August 1907
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
43:
42:
38:
37:
29:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:Followed by:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:Preceded by:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2644:New York City
2641:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:Gröner, Erich
2530:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:Dodson, Aidan
2485:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2415:, p. 24.
2414:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2376:, p. 67.
2375:
2370:
2364:, p. 27.
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2066:, p. 99.
2065:
2060:
2054:, p. 54.
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2030:, p. 62.
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1994:, p. 31.
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1922:, p. 31.
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1898:, p. 26.
1897:
1892:
1886:, p. 26.
1885:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1859:, p. 19.
1858:
1853:
1851:
1844:, p. 23.
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1808:, p. 21.
1807:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:light cruiser
1095:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1057:Hugo von Pohl
1054:
1048:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1007:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
982:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
958:
952:
950:
949:
944:
943:
938:
937:
932:
930:
924:
918:
914:
913:
908:
904:
898:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
841:
839:
835:
834:
829:
825:
822:was added to
820:
815:
810:
804:
798:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
759:
753:
747:
742:
738:
736:
731:
727:
726:
719:
713:
707:
697:
691:
682:
680:
679:conning tower
676:
672:
669:. The ship's
668:
664:
660:
659:torpedo tubes
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
594:
592:
591:
584:
580:
578:
573:
571:
566:
562:
557:
548:
543:
538:
528:
526:
525:ship-breakers
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
493:
488:
484:
480:
475:
470:
468:
464:
463:Wilhelmshaven
459:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
403:
399:
395:
392:
390:
385:
383:
369:
366:
364:: 300 mm
363:
362:Conning Tower
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
344:
343:
340:
339:
334:
333:torpedo tubes
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
308:
307:
304:
303:
297:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
285:
281:
277:
274:
273:
267:
264:
261:Designed: 19
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
249:
245:
243:
239:
238:
237:
234:
233:
227:
223:
221:
217:
216:
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126:Ceded to the
125:
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56:
55:German Empire
44:
39:
34:
27:
22:
16:
2842:
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2807:
2791:
2784:
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2429:
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2381:
2369:
2336:
2324:
2312:
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2264:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2230:
2218:
2206:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
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2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1736:
1713:
1696:
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1671:
1664:
1655:wing turrets
1649:
1630:
1613:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1544:
1538:
1517:
1489:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1436:between the
1419:
1374:
1357:Terschelling
1351:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1312:
1284:
1278:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
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1204:
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1128:
1103:
1084:
1050:
1013:
997:
974:
968:
962:
953:
947:
941:
936:Von der Tann
935:
928:
911:
903:Gulf of Riga
900:
847:
832:
793:
763:
734:
724:
702:
639:main battery
631:
595:
589:
576:
569:
552:
546:
483:Russian Navy
481:against the
471:
435:sister ships
432:
398:dreadnoughts
388:
378:
377:
224:21,699
160:Displacement
148:
99:Commissioned
15:
2808:Deutschland
1665:Dreadnought
1383:Dogger Bank
1241:Southampton
1120:Redlich of
1104:Southampton
881:Grand Fleet
844:World War I
781:Weser River
773:fitting-out
590:Dreadnought
577:Lord Nelson
570:Deutschland
531:Description
503:White Finns
439:World War I
394:battleships
94:1 July 1908
2865:1908 ships
2849:Categories
2422:References
1594:Birkenhead
1511:stood off
1315:Sunderland
1287:Horns Reef
1243:described
814:sea trials
709:) ordered
671:belt armor
641:of twelve
637:carried a
511:Scapa Flow
479:Baltic Sea
287:Complement
248:propellers
246:3 Ă— screw
235:Propulsion
154:battleship
66:Westphalia
2817:Helgoland
2785:Rheinland
2778:Westfalen
1729:Citations
1670:USS
1663:HMS
1605:Footnotes
1589:Westfalen
1575:The Times
1569:Westfalen
1564:Armistice
1551:Westfalen
1527:Westfalen
1521:Westfalen
1508:Westfalen
1492:Westfalen
1480:Westfalen
1434:Civil War
1429:Rheinland
1423:Westfalen
1414:Rheinland
1378:Westfalen
1369:Westfalen
1362:Westfalen
1350:HMS
1345:Westfalen
1339:Westfalen
1297:roadstead
1292:Westfalen
1279:Turbulent
1273:Rheinland
1267:Westfalen
1254:Westfalen
1224:HMS
1219:Westfalen
1210:Westfalen
1205:Tipperary
1195:Tipperary
1190:Westfalen
1182:Tipperary
1177:Tipperary
1175:HMS
1170:Westfalen
1161:Westfalen
1155:Westfalen
1148:Rheinland
1142:Westfalen
1132:Westfalen
1123:Westfalen
1116:Westfalen
1110:Westfalen
1094:Westfalen
1088:Westfalen
1078:Westfalen
1072:Westfalen
1024:Westfalen
1017:Westfalen
929:Helgoland
923:Westfalen
873:destroyer
868:Westfalen
850:Westfalen
831:SMS
819:Westfalen
809:Westfalen
797:Westfalen
758:Westfalen
752:Westfalen
741:Reichstag
730:lead ship
723:SMS
712:Westfalen
696:Westfalen
663:broadside
655:casemates
634:Westfalen
627:gold mark
603:displaced
598:Westfalen
588:HMS
520:Westfalen
498:Westfalen
492:Westfalen
474:Westfalen
467:submarine
458:Westfalen
452:Westfalen
443:North Sea
412:laid down
407:Westfalen
382:Westfalen
180:Full load
174:long tons
83:Laid down
33:Westfalen
2636:(2003).
2614:(2003).
2535:(1990).
2490:(2016).
2305:Campbell
2199:Campbell
2184:Campbell
2160:Campbell
2124:Campbell
2112:Campbell
2100:Campbell
2076:Campbell
2064:Campbell
2052:Campbell
1794:GrieĂźmer
1545:Kaiserin
1474:Oscar II
1454:Helsinki
1440:and the
1391:Apenrade
1321:Markgraf
1222:spotted
1062:Seydlitz
1051:Admiral
1034:Seydlitz
990:battled
948:Seydlitz
917:gunboats
833:Hannover
785:pontoons
489:, where
416:AG Weser
305:Armament
172:(18,575
132:Scrapped
130:, 1920.
115:Stricken
91:Launched
78:, Bremen
76:AG Weser
62:Namesake
2386:Bennett
2293:Tarrant
2281:Tarrant
2269:Tarrant
2257:Tarrant
2242:26 June
2223:Tarrant
2211:Bennett
2172:Tarrant
2148:Tarrant
2136:Tarrant
2088:Tarrant
2040:Tarrant
2028:Tarrant
2016:Tarrant
2004:Tarrant
1980:Halpern
1968:Halpern
1956:Halpern
1944:Halpern
1932:Tarrant
1920:Tarrant
1642:caliber
1581:scuttle
1503:Russarö
1462:Sverige
1262:Fortune
1236:Rostock
735:Sachsen
725:Sachsen
675:citadel
623:Parsons
611:turbine
505:in the
428:turrets
353:Turrets
72:Builder
41:History
2771:Nassau
2757:Nassau
2714:
2688:
2669:
2650:
2622:
2600:
2581:
2562:
2543:
2521:
2498:
2476:
2455:
2436:
2413:Gröner
2401:Herwig
2329:Massie
2317:Massie
1842:Gröner
1770:Herwig
1758:Gröner
1741:Dodson
1682:Gangut
1542:, and
1539:Kaiser
1485:Danzig
1471:, and
1438:Whites
1333:Bayern
1200:Nassau
1003:Moltke
998:before
981:Nassau
957:Nassau
945:, and
942:Moltke
931:-class
803:Nassau
764:Nassau
746:Nassau
737:-class
728:, the
556:Nassau
547:Nassau
420:Bremen
391:-class
389:Nassau
189:Length
166:Normal
151:-class
149:Nassau
134:, 1924
128:Allies
2819:class
2810:class
2792:Posen
2513:[
2362:Staff
2341:Staff
1992:Staff
1908:Staff
1896:Hough
1884:Staff
1857:Staff
1806:Staff
1782:Staff
1600:Notes
1533:Posen
1513:Reval
1498:Posen
1450:Hanko
1446:Ă…land
1258:'
1249:Broke
1245:Broke
1231:Broke
1226:Broke
1214:'
1185:'
993:Slava
987:Posen
963:Posen
912:Slava
789:draft
769:Krupp
572:class
549:class
341:Armor
324:16 Ă—
317:12 Ă—
310:12 Ă—
275:Range
263:knots
256:Speed
218:12 Ă—
205:Draft
2712:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2667:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2579:ISBN
2560:ISBN
2541:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2374:Hore
2244:2016
1558:Fate
1468:Thor
1442:Reds
1426:and
1411:SMS
1270:and
1145:and
1067:Jade
984:and
960:and
907:Riga
777:Kiel
749:and
693:SMS
410:was
379:SMS
347:Belt
328:guns
321:guns
314:guns
240:3 Ă—
197:Beam
123:Fate
30:SMS
1706:UTC
1702:CET
1352:E23
975:V99
969:T46
857:'s
418:in
414:at
280:nmi
226:ihp
2851::
2642:.
2393:^
2348:^
2191:^
1864:^
1849:^
1748:^
1566:.
1536:,
1530:,
1487:.
1465:,
1324:,
1282:.
939:,
593:.
517:,
469:.
404:.
2748:e
2741:t
2734:v
2720:.
2694:.
2675:.
2656:.
2628:.
2606:.
2587:.
2568:.
2549:.
2527:.
2504:.
2482:.
2461:.
2442:.
2246:.
176:)
170:t
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
