249:
also centralizing or rationalizing business-banking operations generally – can significantly reduce processing costs. Standardized computer-based assessment may also be more accurate and fairer than reliance on the personal judgments of local bank managers. As a result, banks may now be able to offer more loans, faster and in larger amounts, and reduce previously high security requirements.
53:
113:: Traditional banks and finance companies commonly offer collateral-based lending, which encompasses a combination of asset-based lending, contribution-based finance, invoice discounting, and factoring-based finance. This approach relies on the collateral provided by reliable debtors or contractual agreements, serving as a cornerstone for SME financing.
201:
may not be attractive to venture capitalists, they can be significantly better than conventional collateral based lending – whilst at the same time being less risky than the typical venture capitalist business. Thus, a new, distinct asset class, offering a new avenue for diversification, is available
256:
Scottish
Government make available funding for small and medium sized enterprises in order to help them reduce resource usage (in particular energy) and lessen carbon impacts. The Scottish Government SME Loan Fund is unsecured and interest free (loans for renewable technologies are charged at 5% due
217:
A new organisation, Aspen
Network for Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE), has been created to bring the growth finance stakeholders together, with the view to evolve into an association serving the sector, similar to what venture capital or microfinance associations do. They have declared their target
209:
assistance. However, in the last several years, improved information and communications technology have made the process easier and cheaper. As technology and information sharing continue to improve, the approach could become significantly more cost-effective and attractive to established financiers
19:
is the funding of small and medium-sized enterprises, and represents a major function of the general business finance market – in which capital for different types of firms are supplied, acquired, and costed or priced. Capital is supplied through the business finance market in the form of bank loans
237:
The effective management of lending to SMEs can contribute significantly to the overall growth and profitability of banks. There has been considerable research and analysis into the methods by which banks assess and monitor business loans, manage business financing risks, and price their products –
167:
However, there are no evidence of any significant structural barriers to the supply of bank or private equity finance to suitable SME applicants on mutually satisfactory terms and conditions in
Britain. The main obstacles to funding here appear to be on the demand rather than the supply side of the
252:
However, business lending as a whole is substantially more diverse and complex than personal and residential mortgage lending. This, coupled with the large size and inherently risky nature of many business loans, tend to limit the scope and desirability of computerized credit scoring in assessment
182:
Thus, the second approach has been to broaden the viability based approach. Since the viability based approach is concerned with the business itself, the aim has been to provide better general business development assistance to reduce risk and increase returns. This often entails a detailed review
248:
business loans. However, when assessing comparatively small and straightforward business credit applications, banks may largely rely on standardized credit scoring techniques (quantifying such things as the characteristics, assets, and cash flows of businesses/owners). Using such techniques – and
140:
A substantial portion of the SME sector may not have the security required for conventional collateral based bank lending, nor high enough returns to attract formal venture capitalists and other risk investors. In addition, markets may be characterized by deficient information (limiting the
155:
The first has been to broaden the collateral based approach by encouraging bank lenders to finance SMEs with insufficient collateral. This might be done through an external party providing the collateral or guarantees required. Unfortunately, such schemes are counter to basic
213:
Some investors have promoted this approach as a means of achieving wider social benefits, while others have been interested in developing it largely in order to generate better financial-economic returns for shareholders, investors, employees, and clients.
44:(SME) sector is well recognized in academic and policy literature. It is also acknowledged that these actors in the economy may be under-served, especially in terms of finance. This has led to significant debate on the best methods to serve this sector.
149:. At a workshop hosted by The Network for Governance, Entrepreneurship & Development (GE&D) in Geneva in July 2008, SMEs that fall into this category have been defined as Small Growing Businesses (SGBs).
205:
In the past, a significant obstacle to applying this approach in less developed countries has been getting the information required to assess viability, plus the costs of transferring and providing
122:, and relationship-based lending practices. This approach involves a comprehensive evaluation of a borrower's financial position, ensuring informed and balanced allocation of financial resources.
549:
241:
There has been particularly intensive scrutiny of the kinds of business financial information that banks use in making lending decisions, and how reliable that information actually is.
229:
for sustainable SMEs—defined as SMEs that are compliant with one or more of a host of growing sustainability standards (such as organics, fair trade, forest stewardship council etc.).
244:
Banks have traditionally relied on a combination of documentary sources of information, interviews and visits, and the personal knowledge and expertise of managers in assessing and
202:
to investors. With higher profitability than traditional SME finance and lower risk than traditional venture capital, this sector has been named the "growth finance sector".
131:
sphere. This approach involves assessing the viability and growth potential of SMEs, making it particularly relevant for emerging businesses with promising growth prospects.
178:
Insufficiently high levels of profitability, gearing, liquidity, stability, and other business-financial performance criteria on the part of funding applicants.
373:
553:
308:
623:
667:
118:
Information-Based
Lending: Information-based lending is a significant pillar in SME finance, incorporating financial statement lending,
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with viability based approaches, and to consultants providing business development assistance to SMEs in other, more mainstream areas.
497:"Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, Development Assistance, Gender and Enterprise Development Impact Assessment: The Case of Uganda"
222:
528:
496:
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effectiveness of financial statement-based lending and credit scoring). This has led to claims of an "SME finance gap" or
273:
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A common aim or feature of the viability based approach is the provision of appropriate finance that is tailored to the
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409:
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463:
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and overdrafts; leasing and hire-purchase arrangements; equity/corporate bond issues; venture capital or
662:
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There have been at least two distinctive approaches to try to overcome the so-called SME finance gap.
657:
576:"Alternative trade initiatives and income predictability: Theory and evidence from the coffee sector"
221:
In 2008, a group of financial service providers and other stakeholders came together to form the
225:(FAST). FAST is an association of financial service providers explicitly committed to improving
278:. Industrial Systems Research Publications, Manchester UK, 3rd. revised edition 2008. 2011.
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110:
8:
575:
25:
198:
503:
423:"THE ROLE OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE FUTURES OF EMERGING ECONOMIES"
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principles, and they tend to be unsustainable. This sector is increasingly called the
603:
363:"OECD-APEC Keynote Paper on Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets"
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226:
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Viability-Based
Financing: Viability-based financing is closely associated with the
146:
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environments, there are a number of distinctive recurring approaches to SME
526:
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29:
341:
527:
Hoffman, Kurt; Chris West; Karen
Westley; Sharna Jarvis (March 2005).
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Lack of satisfactory business plans, accounting and other information;
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Although there have been numerous schemes and programmes in different
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67:
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63:
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and how these methods might be further developed and improved.
485:, Industrial Systems Research Publications, op.cit., page 57.
32:, and government funding in the form of grants or loans.
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business finance market. This is mainly in the form of:
397:"A More Complete Conceptual Framework for SME Finance"
529:"Social impact model Enterprise Solutions to Poverty"
232:
197:Although the returns generated by this approach in
649:
596:Research, Industrial Systems (9 November 2017).
394:
298:
624:""The IFC SME Banking Knowledge Guide, 2009""
309:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
640:The Management of Business Lending: A Survey
599:The Management of Business Lending: A Survey
175:Inadequate assets for use as security; and,
40:The economic and banking importance of the
331:"Is small beautiful and worthy of subsidy"
218:audience to be Small Growing Businesses.
595:
420:
494:
461:
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410:Equicapita - Who Will Buy Boomer SMEs?
223:Finance Alliance for Sustainable Trade
573:
483:The Business Finance Market: A Survey
275:The Business Finance Market: A Survey
301:"SMEs – Their role in foreign trade"
46:
13:
668:Small and medium-sized enterprises
642:, ISR/Google Books, 2002, page 39.
233:The management of business lending
14:
679:
257:to the Renewable Heat Incentive.
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616:
602:. Industrial Systems Research.
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66:format but may read better as
24:; asset-based finance such as
1:
395:Berger, A.; G. Udell (2005).
260:
35:
7:
42:small and medium enterprise
10:
684:
612:– via Google Books.
462:Sanders, Thierry (2006).
120:credit scoring mechanisms
421:Newberry, Derek (2006).
199:less developed countries
183:and assistance with the
111:Collateral-Based Lending
75:converting this section
495:Kamanyi, Judy (2003).
135:
574:Potts, Jason (2007).
299:UN/ECE Secretariat.
207:business development
30:invoice discounting
531:. Shell Foundation
147:emerging economies
145:– particularly in
77:, if appropriate.
663:Corporate finance
227:access to finance
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464:"Meso-Finance"
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162:Meso-finance
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79:Editing help
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158:free market
17:SME finance
652:Categories
560:2008-11-25
535:2007-06-28
513:2007-06-28
469:2008-05-30
448:2008-11-25
443:"GE&D"
428:2008-05-19
380:2007-06-28
348:2008-05-30
342:World Bank
315:2007-06-28
261:References
246:monitoring
192:cash flows
36:Importance
26:factoring
344:(UN/ECE)
311:(UN/ECE)
164:sector.
143:Nano gap
100:economic
104:finance
606:
550:"ANDE"
376:. 2006
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62:is in
627:(PDF)
579:(PDF)
507:(PDF)
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366:(PDF)
334:(PDF)
68:prose
604:ISBN
374:OECD
280:ISBN
64:list
28:and
136:Gap
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