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632:(JBNQA) which contained provisions about land use, economic development, self-governance of indigenous peoples, and funding for cultural, social, and health services for beneficiaries. Although there were initial difficulties in getting the treaty obligations ratified, funding related to the JBNQA allowed for significant improvements in living conditions for Cree communities, such as creation of water and sewer systems. It also led to the creation of the
604:. Although the project was celebrated by mainstream media as "The Project of the Century", Cree people had not agreed to its construction. In fact, they had not been consulted at all, nor were they made aware of the project's existence until construction had already begun. One major point of contention had to do with land use rights. The land surrounding James Bay had been the traditional territory of
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string of trading posts on James Bay Cree traditional land and the Cree had an extensive trade alliance with the HBC. As middlemen, the Cree hunters, trappers and traders collected furs from other First
Nations in the interior. As the first trappers with the HBC, the Cree became the homeguard for the HBC, helping with the supply and maintenance of the trading posts in winter.
462:
traditional weir fishing site where families have gathered annually in late summer for generations. Prior to construction of the hydroelectric project and the partial diversion of the Rupert River which exposed the shoreline, the natural current forced fish into the weir. After the diversion, scoop-net fishing pools were unusable. By 2011 there were larger concentrations of
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permanently establishing themselves in what is known as Eeyou
Istchee (the Cree traditional territory in eastern James Bay). Although populations fluctuated over the centuries, the pre-contact period is characterized by a subsistence economy based on hunting and trapping of small and large game, fishing and seasonal gathering.
461:
In 2012, a local resident of
Waskaganish found rough-looking stone blades and arrowheads at the Saunders Goose Pond on Waskaganish territory that could be between 4,000 and 7,000 years old. In 2012 archaeological teams were digging near the Smokey Hill rapids about 20 kilometres from Waskaganish, a
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reached
Charles Fort from the Saint Lawrence. Finding all the English out hunting, he waited a week, left a letter, and returned to Quebec. In 1674 Albanel reached the fort again and was sent to England. In 1681, fearing French attack, a new Charles Fort was built downstream on a hill top. In 1686
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was formed. In
October 1669 they returned to England with a load of beaver pelts they had acquired from the Cree people in exchange for goods such as knives, kettles, beads, needles and blankets. The post was occupied sporadically thereafter and new buildings were added. By the 1680s there were a
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as Grand Chief to represent the people of Eeyou
Istchee in dealings with the Quebec Government. In addition to land use rights, the Cree expressed concerns about irreparable damage to the environment, destruction of traditional hunting and fishing areas, and impacts on the traditional Cree way of
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Human presence in the James Bay area is believed to have begun some 7000 years ago, although the earliest artefacts recently found in the region of
Waskaganish date to some 3000-3500 years old. Aboriginal hunting groups migrated from the south and west, first as seasonal hunting parties and later
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for thousands of years. Compared to other areas of Canada, where treaties had been established that (at least in theory) clarified indigenous peoples' and
European settlers' rights to land, no such agreements had ever been established in Eeyou Istchee. As such, the stakeholders in the James Bay
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In 1776 the site was re-occupied and named Rupert House or Rupert Fort or Fort Rupert. From then until the early 1900s, Fort Rupert was an important trading location, supplying inland communities and other posts via the Rupert River with regular
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and burned it. In 1688 the
English tried to re-establish the fort, but D'Iberville captured it again, this time from the sea. For the next century the east coast of James Bay was visited by HBC ships from
576:. In 1991 the archaeologist J. V. Chism found the sites of the two Charles Forts. The first was at the site of the new tourist lodge (Auberge Kanio Kashee Lodge) and the second at the Anglican church.
469:
Pre-contact trade relations between Cree and other aboriginal groups were "mostly centered on trading moose hides for ‘cereals’, ‘indian corn’, and tobacco." There was a pre-contact intertribal Cree-
458:
According to a study on aboriginal fur trade, Cree hunting groups of three or four families moved from traditional seasonal fishing and hunting camps. They often stayed close to watersheds.
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Project (Hydro Quebec and the
Government of Quebec) had no established legal right to the land on which they had already begun constructing the largest hydro-electric project ever built.
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Ultimately the Cree people of Eeyou Istchee and the Grand Council were unable to prevent the construction of the dam. However, through negotiations, they established the historic
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https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=waska&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00052499806
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operates two schools in Waskaganish: Annie Whiskeychan Memorial Elementary School (primary) (ᐋᓃ ᐧᐄᔥᑲᒑᓐ ᒋᔅᑯᑕᒫᒉᐅᑲᒥᒄ) and Wiinibekuu School (secondary) (ᐧᐄᓂᐯᑰ ᒋᔅᑯᑕᒫᒉᐅᑲᒥᒄ).
432:" ("The Land of the People" in Cree) encompassing the traditional territories of Cree people in the James Bay regions of what is now Northern Quebec and Ontario.
1221:
828:] (in French). Vol. V: Le Nord: Habitants et mutations (The North: inhabitants and transitions). Québec: University of Laval Press. pp. 54–68.
633:
1295:
542:. In 1668, Rupert House or Charles Fort at Waskaganish on the south bank of Rupert River, was established as the first trading post, two years before the
435:
The community of Waskaganish celebrated its 350-year anniversary in 2018. The village is located at the site of the former Fort Rupert, the first
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850:"Artifacts in northern Quebec could be 7,000 years old: Archaeologists start digging after finding rare arrowheads on Waskaganish territory"
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was both the chief of the Waskaganish Cree starting in 1970 and the Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee.
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499:'s fateful over-wintering in 1610-1611 was in Waskaganish territory. In 1610 Hudson had reached what is now the
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17th Century Events at Waskaganish : A Preliminary Historical Report within an Archeological Perspective
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Waskaganish became accessible by road in 2001, when a gravel access road connected the community to the
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Life for the Cree people of Waskaganish and Eeyou Istchee was greatly impacted by The
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781:"Economic and Social Accommodations of the James Bay Inlanders to the Fur Trade"
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was born and raised in Waskaganish. His experiences as a child there, watching
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The James Bay Project and the James Bay Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA)
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54:
652:. Prior to 2001, the community was only accessible by airplane or boat.
53:"Fort-Rupert" redirects here. For the location in British Columbia, see
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with other local children in the church basement, inspired him to make
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787:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. pp. 55–80.
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The Subarctic Fur Trade: Native Social and Economic Adaptations
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at Gravel Pit, although they were smaller than previous years.
428:, Canada. Waskaganish is part of the territory referred to as "
189:
814:"Histoire et changement social chez les Cris de la Baie James"
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Manager's house and other buildings, Rupert House, circa 1921
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Wars of the Iroquois: A Study in Intertribal Trade Relations
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Let Then Be Remembered: The Story of the Fur Trade Forts
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In response to the project, the Cree people formed the
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816:[History and social change of James Bay Cree]
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Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay
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416:community of over 2,500 people at the mouth of the
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1095:"Resource Category: The Eeyouch of Eeyou Istchee"
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1099:The Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)
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57:. For the fortification in Waskaganish, see
1265:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
999:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1143:Skenderis, Stephanie (18 February 2010).
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48:The Crees of the Waskaganish First Nation
1081:A History of the Canadian West to 1870-7
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757:. The Crees of Waskaganish First Nation
279:496.99 km (191.89 sq mi)
37:Waskaganish (Cree village municipality)
14:
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852:. Montreal: CBC News. 25 August 2013.
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513:and they were forced to move ashore.
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955:. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Heritage
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473:trade route from Waskaganish to the
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630:James Bay Northern Quebec Agreement
122:
24:
1251:2000-2013 Brian Back (2000–2013).
1228:. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
1211:. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
812:Lévesque, C.; Bernard, N. (2001).
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25:
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1235:
1205:Annie Whiskeychan Memorial School
1121:. Power To Change. Archived from
951:Inuit Heritage Trust IHT (2008).
927:. University of Wisconsin Press.
590:
1171:Koepke, Melora (18 March 2010).
755:"Ancient Territorial Occupation"
247:Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou
121:
114:
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64:Cree community in Quebec, Canada
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1056:Elizabeth Browne Losey (1999).
656:Notable people from Waskaganish
538:, anchored at the mouth of the
520:A map of Hudson's fourth voyage
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895:. Hydro Quebec. Archived from
866:. Cree Culture. Archived from
702:
643:
503:but by November his new ship,
447:
253: • Provincial riding
13:
1:
1255:. Cree communities of Quebec.
977:2000-2013 Brian Back (2013).
695:
981:. Cree communities of Quebec
715:Geographical Names Data Base
683:
439:trading post on Hudson Bay.
31:and Cree community. For the
7:
1079:Arthur S Morton (c. 1950).
783:. In Shepard Kretch (ed.).
420:on the south-east shore of
395:
243: • Federal riding
10:
1403:
1382:Hudson's Bay Company forts
1305:Grand Council of the Crees
826:Historical Atlas of Quebec
822:Atlas Historique du Québec
618:Grand Council of the Crees
495:It was hypothesized that
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27:This article is about the
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1387:Eeyou Istchee (territory)
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1015:"First Nations in Canada"
740:Terres réservées aux Cris
509:, had become icebound in
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921:Hunt, George T. (1940).
720:Natural Resources Canada
1377:Cree villages in Quebec
1173:"The real Neil Diamond"
820:. In G. Duhaime (ed.).
536:Médard des Groseilliers
530:, under the command of
105:Etymology: Little House
779:Morantz, Toby (1984).
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554:was governor. In 1672
524:On 29 September 1668,
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300:5.1/km (13/sq mi)
35:of the same name, see
953:"Inuit-First Nations"
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451:
405:French pronunciation:
323: • Summer (
566:Fort Albany, Ontario
544:Hudson's Bay Company
475:Saint Lawrence River
437:Hudson's Bay Company
409:[waskaɡaniʃ]
297: • Density
156: /
98:Waskaganish Airport
1036:Chism, J. (1988).
902:on 2 December 2013
870:on 3 December 2013
636:(CBHSSJB) and the
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491:Fort Saint Jacques
289: • Total
263: • Chief
237:Cree reserved land
59:Fort Saint Jacques
29:Cree reserved land
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1226:Cree School Board
1209:Cree School Board
934:978-0-299-00163-6
794:978-0-7748-0374-8
738:for Waskaganish,
690:Cree School Board
638:Cree School Board
602:James Bay Project
561:captured the fort
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276: • Land
233: • Type
160:51.483°N 78.750°W
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799:Google Books
797:– via
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668:Neil Diamond
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497:Henry Hudson
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372:.waskaganish
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18:Rupert House
1341:Waskaganish
644:Road access
559:the French
448:Pre-contact
383:Waskaganish
340:Postal Code
163: /
129:Waskaganish
71:Waskaganish
55:Fort Rupert
1371:Categories
1326:Mistissini
1189:3 December
1156:3 December
1129:2008-02-03
1104:2019-02-13
1066:0533125723
696:References
677:Reel Injun
666:Filmmaker
471:Montagnais
284:Population
228:Government
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761:24 August
684:Education
511:James Bay
506:Discovery
422:James Bay
354:Area code
332:UTC−04:00
311:UTC−05:00
306:Time zone
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1150:CBC News
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