196:
144:
of nursing in the Pre-Islamic period, a proper understanding of societal and religious paradigms during the reign of
Muhammad lends significant insight into the roles and expectation of nurses in antiquity. In marked contrast to the pervading Christian interpretation of disease as a divine punishment for man, Muslims place an extremely high value on the ritual cleansing of the body, daily prayer schedules, and strict dietary regiments. An era in history defined by several holy wars, medicinal treatment during the times of
153:
166:
were still relegated to rudimentary and noninvasive duties like serving food to patients and administering medicinal liquids, religious and social norms of the times necessitated the segregation of hospital wards based on gender, with males treating males and females treating females. While there has been some relaxation of segregation in contemporary times, the values of many traditional
Islamic people are for hospitals and their policies to reflect these past segregational practices.
191:
Rufaida Al-Aslamia implemented her clinical skills and medical experience into developing the first-ever documented mobile care units that were able to meet the medical needs of the community. The scope of the majority of her work in her organized medical command units consisted primarily in hygiene
129:
Although not given responsibilities held solely by men such as surgeries and amputations, Rufaida Al-Aslamia practiced her skills in field hospitals in her tent during many battles as
Muhammad used to order all casualties to be carried to her tent so that she might treat them with medical expertise.
228:
awards one student the coveted and prestigious
Rufaida Al-Aslamia Prize in Nursing. The award winner determined by a panel of senior clinical medical staff members, the Rufaida Al-Aslamia Prize in Nursing is given to the student who consistently excels in delivering superb nursing care to patients.
211:
Rufaidah had trained a group of women companions as nurses. When
Muhammad's army was getting ready to go to the battle of Khaibar, Rufaidah and the group of volunteer nurses went to Muhammad. They asked him for permission "O Messenger of Allah, we want to go out with you to the battle and treat the
148:
was largely performed solely by doctors, who would personally visit the patient to diagnose abnormalities and provide medications to those who were in need. Placing the bulk of the biological and physiological responsibilities of a patient on the doctor alone, nurses were limited in their duties to
143:
Typically presented within the context of
Muhammad, the historical development of female nursing and surgery in Arabia from the Islamic Period to the modern times boasts a tumultuous history laden with cultural barriers and public pressures. Though very sparse documentation exists about the history
165:
With the diminishing intensity of holy wars and mass civil unrest that defined the climate of
Islamic culture during the reign of Muhammad, advancements in technology and architecture resulted in the construction of many new hospitals and methods for treating the sick. Though nurses in this period
116:
Rufaida Al-Aslamia is depicted as a kind, empathetic nurse and a good organizer. With her clinical skills, she trained other women, Including the famous female companions of
Muhammad, Ayesha, to be nurses and to work in the area of health care. She also worked as a social worker, helping to solve
125:
Born into a family with strong ties to the medical community, Rufaida's father, Sa`ad Al Aslamy, was a physician and mentor under whom
Rufaida initially obtained clinical experience. Devoting herself to nursing and taking care of sick people and , Rufaida Al-Aslamia became an expert Heslerton.
212:
injured and help
Muslims as much as we can". Muhammad permitted them to go. The nurse volunteers did such a good job that Muhammad assigned a share of the bounty to Rufaidah. Her share was equivalent to that of soldiers who had fought. This was in recognition of her medical and nursing work.
192:
and stabilizing patients before further and more invasive medical procedures. During military expeditions, Rufaida Al-Aslamia led groups of volunteer nurses who went to the battlefield and treated the casualties. She participated in the battles of Khandaq, Khaibar, and others.
108:
Among the first people in Medina to accept Islam, Rufaida Al-Aslamia was born into the Bani Aslem tribe of the Kazraj tribal confederation in Madina, and gained fame for her contribution with other Ansar women who welcomed the Islamic prophet,
183:, was the first Muslim nurse. While there is slight controversy in who is "technically" the first surgeon and nurse in history, Middle Eastern countries attribute the status of the first-ever nurse to Rufaida, a Muslim surgeon and nurse.
308:
130:
It has also been documented that Rufaida provided care to injured soldiers during the jihad, as well as providing shelter from the wind and heat of the harsh desert for the dying.
1408:
257:
Miller-Rosser, K.; Chapman, Y.; Francis, K. (2006). "Historical, Cultural, and Contemporary Influences on the Status of Women in Nursing in Saudi Arabia".
1575:
1626:
522:
203:
During times of peace, Rufaida Al-Aslamia continued her involvement with humanitarian efforts by providing assistance to Muslims who were in need.
1499:
715:
1393:
392:
505:
1616:
1398:
117:
social problems associated with the disease. In addition, she assisted children in need and took in orphans, and helped the poor.
1199:
1450:
725:
221:
957:
156:
Front door of ancient hospital of Salé in Morocco designed by Islamic architects and managed by ancient Islamic physicians
1590:
1301:
1656:
1641:
1631:
1321:
705:
91:) was an Arab medical and social worker recognized as the first female Muslim nurse and the first female surgeon in
1651:
1063:
179:
A charismatic and capable leader, published records testify that Rufaida Al-Aslamia, who practiced at the time of
1636:
1337:
1621:
1022:
942:
498:
1012:
634:
358:
1260:
952:
947:
800:
1189:
1437:
1275:
1342:
1661:
1485:
1270:
1219:
1194:
1113:
795:
491:
347:
see Stars in the Prophet's Orbit by Asmaa Tabaa, translated by Sawsan Tarabishy for a short biography
1554:
1214:
1078:
1043:
876:
836:
765:
740:
552:
451:
El-Sanabary, N. (2003). "Women and the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia". In N. H. Bryant (Ed.),
195:
1471:
1417:
1373:
1255:
1118:
841:
770:
199:
The Mosque at Salaman, location of the Battle of The Trench where Al-Aslamia treated the injured
1549:
1209:
1123:
1068:
967:
861:
831:
735:
465:
389:
326:
1533:
1523:
1424:
1245:
851:
684:
225:
775:
1611:
1316:
1240:
1073:
1017:
659:
542:
8:
1646:
1585:
1506:
1443:
1347:
1138:
1083:
1027:
926:
805:
669:
327:"Women's Contribution to Classical Islamic Civilisation: Science, Medicine, and Politics"
1431:
1357:
1048:
750:
730:
679:
598:
567:
434:
422:
282:
379:
Donahue, M.P. (1985) Nursing: the finest art. An illustrated history. St Louis: Mosby.
1133:
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962:
577:
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274:
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1580:
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1128:
866:
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654:
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266:
1296:
152:
1306:
921:
710:
674:
537:
396:
80:
270:
1311:
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1002:
911:
906:
886:
856:
815:
689:
1605:
1478:
1174:
1169:
1093:
1058:
881:
785:
987:
1224:
1098:
916:
629:
278:
430:
1457:
1159:
1103:
755:
562:
1528:
1352:
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1154:
1088:
1053:
1007:
992:
891:
780:
745:
624:
88:
1464:
1204:
982:
901:
896:
846:
760:
664:
639:
619:
593:
557:
547:
1559:
1179:
997:
977:
972:
871:
614:
483:
466:"RCSI Bahrain announces four new awards during conferring ceremony"
180:
174:
145:
110:
160:
79:(also transliterated Rufaida Al-Aslamiya or Rufaydah bint Sa`ad) (
1492:
133:
409:
Jan, R. (1996). "Rufaida Al-Asalmiya, the first Muslim nurse".
68:
810:
92:
58:
46:
256:
138:
215:
169:
390:
Historical roots of the nursing profession in Islam
149:providing physical comfort and emotional support.
1603:
175:Rufaida Al-Aslamia's emergence as nursing leader
95:. She is known as the first nurse in the world.
161:Post-Prophetic to Middle Ages Era (632–1500 AD)
134:Historical aspects of female nursing in Arabia
499:
259:OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
716:Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
242:
120:
16:Arab medical and social worker (born c. 620)
306:
506:
492:
1500:Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
411:Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
320:
318:
239:
1627:Physicians of the medieval Islamic world
194:
151:
139:Pre-Islamic and Islamic Era (570–632 AD)
1200:Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi
302:
300:
298:
296:
1604:
468:. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
324:
315:
103:
487:
453:Women in nursing in Islamic societies
186:
1451:Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye
513:
455:. Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
293:
222:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
216:Rufaidah Al-Aslamia Prize In Nursing
1302:Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani
408:
84:
13:
423:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1996.tb00362.x
373:
170:Revolutions in nursing development
14:
1673:
726:Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi
356:
1064:Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat
1617:Women companions of the Prophet
1338:Qiwam al-Din Muhammad al-Hasani
1322:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
458:
307:Paderborner, SJ (27 May 2012).
943:Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
445:
402:
382:
350:
341:
1:
1013:Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi
635:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
309:"Who was Rufaida Al-Aslamia?"
232:
37:
1261:Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi
1049:Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon
953:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam
948:Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar
801:Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali
706:'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi
98:
7:
1438:Anatomy Charts of the Arabs
1023:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili
271:10.3912/OJIN.VOL11NO03PPT02
10:
1678:
1486:Kamel al-Sanaat al-Tibbyya
1271:Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb
1220:Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi
87:) (born approx. 620 AD; 2
1657:Women in war in West Asia
1642:Women in medieval warfare
1632:Medieval women physicians
1568:
1542:
1516:
1407:
1386:
1366:
1330:
1284:
1233:
1195:Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli
1190:Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi
1147:
1114:Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta
1036:
958:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
935:
824:
796:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
698:
607:
586:
530:
521:
206:
121:Familial ties to medicine
64:
54:
33:
28:
21:
1555:Ancient Iranian medicine
1343:Abd El Razzaq Al-Jazaïri
1215:Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni
1079:Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi
1044:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
867:Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
766:Al-Tamimi, the physician
553:Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi
359:"Early Islamic Medicine"
113:, on arrival in Medina.
1652:7th-century Arab people
1507:Lives of the Physicians
1472:Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi
1418:Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah
1374:Al-Khurasani al-Shirazi
1256:Muhammad Ali Astarabadi
1119:Najib ad-Din Samarqandi
842:Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani
771:Eutychius of Alexandria
746:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
1637:7th-century physicians
1550:Ancient Greek medicine
1210:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1124:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
968:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
862:Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi
832:Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu
736:Abu al-Hasan al-Tabari
399:. Retrieved June 2004.
388:Kasule, O. H. (2003).
325:Al-Hassani, Salin TS.
200:
157:
1622:Female wartime nurses
1534:Nur al-Din Bimaristan
1425:The Canon of Medicine
1246:Burhan-ud-din Kermani
852:Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal
837:Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani
741:Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i
685:Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu
226:University of Bahrain
198:
155:
1317:Sultan Ali Khorasani
1018:Serapion the Younger
660:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
543:Al-Harith ibn Kalada
1586:Medical Renaissance
1444:The Book of Healing
1348:Qurayshi al-Shirazi
1139:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1028:Zayn al-Din Gorgani
670:Salmawaih ibn Bunan
104:Personal background
1524:Al-'Adudi Hospital
1432:Tacuinum Sanitatis
1358:Maqsud-Ali Tabrizi
877:Badi' al-Asturlabi
776:Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath
751:Abu ul-Ala Shirazi
731:Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
680:Yahya ibn Sarafyun
573:Rufaida Al-Aslamia
568:Nafi ibn al-Harith
395:2003-12-04 at the
201:
187:Acute care origins
158:
77:Rufayda Al-Aslamia
23:Rufayda Al-Aslamia
1662:Arab women in war
1599:
1598:
1591:Medieval medicine
1382:
1381:
1241:Abu Sa'id al-Afif
1074:Da'ud Abu al-Fadl
963:Ahmad ibn Farrokh
578:Zaynab al-Awadiya
357:Lyons, Jonathan.
329:. Muslim Heritage
74:
73:
43:
1669:
1581:Learned medicine
1576:Ibn Sina Academy
1276:Şerafeddin Kadir
1251:Husayni Isfahani
1185:Mansur ibn Ilyas
1129:Rashidun al-Suri
1008:Moshe ben Maimon
791:Ibrahim ibn Baks
721:Abu Bakr al-Razi
655:Jabir ibn Hayyan
650:Ishaq ibn Hunayn
645:Hunayn ibn Ishaq
528:
527:
515:Islamic medicine
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1600:
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1538:
1512:
1403:
1378:
1362:
1326:
1307:Dawud al-Antaki
1280:
1229:
1143:
1084:Ibn Abi Usaibia
1032:
931:
922:Jonah ibn Janah
820:
711:Aayon Ibn Aayon
694:
675:Shapur ibn Sahl
603:
582:
538:Abu Hafsa Yazid
517:
512:
482:
481:
471:
469:
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459:
450:
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407:
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397:Wayback Machine
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12:
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1405:
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1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Hakim-e-Gilani
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:Rostam Gorgani
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
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1237:
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1228:
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1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
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1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1134:Sa'ad al-Dawla
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:Ibn al-Tilmīdh
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
939:
937:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
912:Ibn al-Kattani
909:
907:Ibn al-Haytham
904:
899:
894:
889:
887:Ibn Al-Thahabi
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:Ali ibn Ridwan
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
816:Qusta ibn Luqa
813:
808:
803:
798:
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783:
778:
773:
768:
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758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
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696:
695:
693:
692:
690:Yusuf al-Khuri
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
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657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
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622:
617:
611:
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605:
604:
602:
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599:Ja'ar al-Sadiq
596:
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588:
584:
583:
581:
580:
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560:
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534:
532:
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519:
518:
511:
510:
503:
496:
488:
480:
479:
457:
444:
417:(3): 267–268.
401:
381:
372:
349:
340:
314:
292:
237:
236:
234:
231:
220:Each year the
217:
214:
208:
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100:
97:
85:رفيدة الأسلمية
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
45:
42:(approx. 2 BH)
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1674:
1663:
1660:
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1607:
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1589:
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1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
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1548:
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1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1479:Adab al-Tabib
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
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1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:Ophthalmology
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
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1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:ʽImad Shirazi
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Ibn al-Khatib
1173:
1171:
1170:Ibn al-Akfani
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Ibn al-Baitar
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
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1062:
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1059:Al-Shahrazuri
1057:
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1035:
1029:
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905:
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882:Ibn Abi Sadiq
880:
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868:
865:
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823:
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786:Ibn al-Jazzar
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769:
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1423:
1416:
1367:18th century
1331:17th century
1285:16th century
1234:15th century
1225:Zayn-e-Attar
1148:14th century
1099:Ibn al-Nafis
1037:13th century
936:12th century
917:Ibn al-Wafid
825:11th century
699:10th century
630:Ali al-Ridha
572:
470:. Retrieved
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76:
75:
1612:620s births
1458:De Gradibus
1104:Ibn al-Quff
608:9th century
587:8th century
563:Masarjawaih
531:7th century
472:25 November
365:24 November
333:24 November
1647:Arab women
1606:Categories
1569:Influenced
1543:Influences
1529:Bimarestan
1399:Psychology
1353:Tunakabuni
1266:Nurbakhshi
1165:Ibn Shuayb
1155:Al-Nagawri
1089:Ibn Tumlus
1069:As-Suwaydi
1054:Al-Dakhwar
993:Ibn Tufayl
988:Ibn Jumay‘
892:Ibn Butlan
781:Ibn Juljul
756:Al-Kaŝkarī
625:Albubather
523:Physicians
361:. Medicine
233:References
1465:Al-Tasrif
1205:Nakhshabi
983:Ibn Habal
902:Ibn Jazla
897:Ibn Hindu
847:Al-Biruni
761:Al-Natili
665:Masawaiyh
640:Bukhtishu
620:Al-Ruhawi
594:Bukhtishu
558:Ibn Uthal
548:Bukhtishu
99:Childhood
65:Home town
1560:Ayurveda
1387:Concepts
1180:Jaghmini
1160:Aqsara'i
998:Ibn Zuhr
978:Averroes
973:Avempace
927:Masawaih
872:Avicenna
806:Muvaffak
615:Al-Kindi
439:21364079
393:Archived
287:26991626
279:17279862
181:Muhammad
146:Muhammad
111:Muhammad
55:Religion
49:, Arabia
29:Personal
1517:Centers
1493:Al-Hawi
431:8854550
224:at the
40:620 AD
437:
429:
285:
277:
207:Legacy
81:Arabic
69:Medina
1409:Works
811:Qumri
435:S2CID
283:S2CID
265:(3).
93:Islam
59:Islam
47:Hejaz
474:2013
427:PMID
367:2013
335:2013
275:PMID
34:Born
419:doi
267:doi
1608::
433:.
425:.
415:28
413:.
317:^
295:^
281:.
273:.
263:11
261:.
241:^
89:BH
83::
38:c.
507:e
500:t
493:v
476:.
441:.
421::
369:.
337:.
311:.
289:.
269::
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