402:
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888:, the lack of reverberation and the difficult performance conditions for musicians were corrected by changes in the fabric of the auditorium. Surfaces that had previously absorbed sound were transformed to support and sustain that sound. The tapestries on the back walls of the boxes were gathered up to increase reverberation, but can be redeployed, together with additional absorbent blinds above the stage and around the Hall whenever needed. The wooden wall panels of the Hall were relined to change their acoustic qualities and the undulating plaster ceiling panels were completely reconstructed using more robust materials to provide greater warmth of sound and support for bass frequencies.
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935:, finally completed the reinstallation on 29 August 2013. Further work including re-balancing the pipework followed and was completed in time for the re-inauguration of the organ on 18 March 2014, exactly 60 years since it was first inaugurated. The first orchestral and organ concert was on 26 March 2014 and was recorded for the London Philharmonic Orchestra's own live label. The organ remains the third largest organ in Great Britain by number of pipes, with 7,866 pipes and 103 speaking stops.. The organ sounds uncomfortably constrained in the hall acoustic and is seldom played, either for recitals or to accompany orchestral concerts.
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905:. Delstar Engineering supplied eleven lifts to form the stage platform. These allow the stage layout to be reconfigured in many ways to suit the nature of the performance taking place. The choir benches can now be wheeled out to provide a level floor for staged and dance performances. The space between seat rows has been extended by 75mm by rebuilding the concrete floor of the stalls, with a loss of only 118 seats. Cooling has been introduced by reversing the airflow in the auditorium.
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Alterations to the façades overlooking the river removed the decorative tiles, altering the
Scandinavian Modernism of the building's primary public face in favour of a plainer and hard-edged style. The building's original entrance sequence was much compromised by these changes and the later additions of raised concrete walkways around the building to serve the neighbouring
750:
to 2.5 s in the 125 Hz octave band. However, the system never fully solved the problem, and as it aged it became unreliable, occasionally emitting odd sounds during performances. It was switched off in 1998, which returned the acoustics to their poor state, so bad that they make performers who play in it "lose the will to live", according to Sir Simon Rattle.
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developed an electronic method of lengthening the reverberation time by a system called 'assisted resonance' in which some of the acoustical energy lost to the surfaces of the hall was replaced by acoustical energy supplied by a loudspeaker. Each microphone and its associated loudspeaker was limited
487:
fossilised limestone. The exterior of the building was bright white, intended to contrast with the blackened city surrounding it. Large areas of glass on its façade meant that light coursed freely throughout the interior, and at night, the glass let the light from inside flood out onto the river, in
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fitted into the ceiling in a range of sizes which resonated over a wide range of the low frequencies which critics and musicians thought did not adequately reverberate in the hall. 172 channels were used to cover a frequency range of 58 Hz to 700 Hz, increasing reverberation time from 1.4
735:
and the provision of a new ceiling. This was considered too costly, particularly as any hypothetical gain in 'warmth' or 'resonance' might well be by the sacrifice of other positive qualities for which the Hall was generally esteemed, for example, its clarity, its comparative uniformity of acoustic
634:
Following the opening of the hall, there was some criticism of certain aspects of the acoustics. This was partially attributable to the fact that some of the original specifications for room surfaces determined by the acoustic consultants were ignored in the building process. A specific problem for
582:, who also supervised the tonal finishing. It was designed as a well-balanced classical instrument embracing a number of rich and varied ensembles which alone or in combination could equal the dynamic scale of any orchestra or choral grouping, in addition to coping with the entire solo repertoire.
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The original building had lushly planted roof terraces; the Level Two foyer café had been able to spill out onto the terraces looking out on the river, and original entrances were positioned on the sides of the building, enabling visitors to arrive directly at the stairs leading to the auditorium.
475:
They were concerned that whilst the scale of the project demanded a monumental building, it should not ape the triumphal classicism of many earlier public buildings. The wide open foyers, with bars and restaurants, were intended to be meeting places for all: there were to be no separate bars for
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with consulting engineer firms Max
Fordham LLP (M&E) and Price & Myers (structural). The interior of the concert hall space was almost entirely intact until this re-modelling, which saw its stage canopy and walls rebuilt in plainer more rectangular forms. Seating was reduced slightly to
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New adjustable acoustic canopies were placed over the stage's width to allow bass frequencies to resonate in the space above the stage, and for treble frequencies to be reflected back to improve feedback to performers. The stage was reconfigured to provide more space for performers, and the
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As a structure, the new
Festival Hall was technically stretched, and maintenance was soon required. The building was substantially altered in 1964 by adding the foyers and terraces to the river side of the building, extending the footprint by 30 ft, and more dressing rooms to the rear.
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However, the design of the organ in its housing made maintenance difficult, and by 2000 it had become unusable. It was consequently completely removed before restoration of the Hall itself began in 2005, and after restoration and updating by
Harrison & Harrison, a third of the organ was
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boxes are often described as looking like drawers pulled out in a hurried burglary, but none has a compromised sightline. The ceiling was wilfully sculptural, a conceit at the very edge of building technology and, as it turns out, way beyond the contemporary understanding of acoustics.
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To quote Leslie Martin, "The suspended auditorium provides the building with its major attributes: the great sense of space that is opened out within the building, the flowing circulation from the symmetrically placed staircases and galleries that became known as the 'egg in the box'."
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A 1948 sketch by Martin shows the design of the concert hall as the egg in a box. But the strength of the design was the arrangement of interior space: the central staircase has a ceremonial feel and moves elegantly through the different levels of light and air.
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The general consensus was that the hall was 'too dry', not reverberant enough, particularly at low frequencies, and that the bass tone was weak. The definition was 'excellent' for chamber and modern music, but the hall was not as effective for music of the late
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The major refurbishment presented an opportunity to add to the infrastructure of the venue to make the process of 'get-in' and 'get-out' in a single day easier, and to add to the flexibility of the venue. Theatre consultants Carr & Angier worked with
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During the 2000s a building comprising seven commercial units was erected opposite the western side of the hall, with many of the
Southbank administrative offices above. Shops and restaurants were added along the river frontage.
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Interior
Exterior and Stage Technologies to create a new working space over the stage area with four large movable lighting bridges, capable of load sharing to lift large touring productions without the need for custom
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formed an integral part of the design team. The acoustic behaviour of the seats was measured and tested in a laboratory to enable more exacting design. Careful consideration of external noise problems was undertaken.
538:"I was overwhelmed by a shock of breathless delight at the originality and beauty of the interior. It felt as if I had been instantly transported far into the future and that I was on another planet," said journalist
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It was known that the ancient Greeks had developed the technique of using vases built into their auditoria which added resonance to strengthen tone or improve its quality, though the effect was very weak. The
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The
Festival Hall was one of the first concert halls in the world to be built using the application of scientific principles, both theoretical and experimental. Hope Bagenal and his colleagues from the
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arrangement of walls around the stage was altered significantly. The original Robin Day designed seats were restored and reupholstered to make them more comfortable, and more acoustically appropriate.
727:, had identified that the interior treatment of the auditorium was absorbing too much sound. By 1962 the authorities, after prolonged experiment, had become convinced that no improvement in the hall's
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The organ has been reconfigured to suit the new architectural and acoustic requirements: its depth has been reduced by 110 cm, but the basic principles of the layout have been respected.
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different classes of patron. Because these public spaces were built around the auditorium, they also had the effect of insulating the Hall from the noise of the adjacent railway bridge.
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The venue officially reopened to the public in June 2007. The refurbishment was estimated to have cost in the region of £91 million. A film documenting the refurbishment, entitled
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The complex includes several reception rooms, bars and restaurants, and the Clore
Ballroom, accommodating up to 440 for a seated dinner. A large head and shoulders bust of
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performers was the difficulty of hearing each other on the platform. Both the angled 'blast' side walls and the plywood reflectors projected sound away from the stage.
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The building underwent a substantial renovation between 2005 and 2007 aimed at improving the poor acoustics and building layout, led by architect
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could be achieved by any further treatment of its surfaces. Longer reverberation would require modification to the main structure, reducing the
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The hall they built used modernism's favourite material, reinforced concrete, alongside more luxurious elements including beautiful woods and
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Following a successful campaign to raise £2.3 million for a full restoration and reinstallation of the organ, the original organ builders,
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politician. It was he who had insisted that
Matthew had Martin as his deputy architect, treating the Festival Hall as a special project.
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The design principles enshrined in its construction gave rise to a whole new school of organ building, known as the
English
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691:. It was highly successful, providing both heating and cooling for the Hall, but over-sized, and was sold off after the
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2,788, including the choir seating. This was carried out in the face of opposition from conservationists, led by the
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was used to heat the building in the winter and cool the building in the summer. Water was extracted from the
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approach viaduct. Originally made in glass-fibre it was repeatedly vandalised until re-cast in bronze.
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Parkin, P.H.; K. Morgan (1970). "'Assisted resonance' in the Royal Festival Hall, London, 1965–1969".
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reinstalled. The remainder was reinstalled between 2012 and 2013, and voicing completed in 2014.
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at a cost of £2 million and officially opened on 3 May 1951 with a gala concert attended by King
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The complex's variety of open spaces and foyers are popular for social or work-related meetings.
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683:. Heat was extracted from the river water using a heat pump. The compressors were driven by two
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commented, "Everything is sharp and clear and there is no impact, no fullness on the climaxes."
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613:: there are also innumerable organs in other countries which have been influenced by it.
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on the site of the former Lion Brewery, built in 1837. The building was constructed by
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1998:""Royal Festival Hall Reopens Next Summer", The Southbank Centre, December 2006"
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352:(1968), eventually becoming an independent arts organisation, now known as the
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1970:"Stage Technologies' Technical Transformation at London's Royal Festival Hall"
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Walking through the Appearing Rooms fountain installation, by Danish artist
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531:. The first general manager was T. E. Bean, who had previously managed the
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332:, and was officially opened on 3 May 1951. When the LCC's successor, the
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Buildings and Ideas: From the Studio of Leslie Martin and his Associates
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Southbank Centre aerial view (Royal Festival Hall in Centre), July 2007
788: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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engineer who had undertaken measurements of all of the world's leading
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bookings for RFH, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Purcell Room, and The Hayward
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contrast to the darkness which befell the rest of London after dusk.
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297:, the first post-war building to become so protected (in 1981). The
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421:, who was eventually to lead the project with Edwin Williams and
336:, was abolished in 1986, the Festival Hall was taken over by the
1782:
Proceedings of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers
1072:
Rear facade at night seen from Concert Hall Approach, March 2010
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1938:"Why we have changed the acoustics in the Royal Festival Hall"
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The Royal Festival Hall undergoing restoration work, July 2005
367:, created in 1985) stands on the walkway between the hall and
5683:
1724:"Ground & Water Source Heat Pumps – Royal Festival Hall"
5825:
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Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Lambeth
5892:
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest
745:
to the one frequency by placing the microphone inside a
507:
The foundation stone was laid in 1949 by Prime Minister
589:, influencing in the UK alone the cathedral organs of
269:
is a 2,700-seat concert, dance and talks venue within
1436:"Royal Festival Hall: a building to lift the spirits"
1020:
Westerly corner showing riverside facade, August 2008
455:
The figure who really drove the project forward was
1340:
1286:Southbank Centre's factsheet on the Clore Ballroom
1112:Illuminations over Festival Terrace, December 2010
237:(furniture including surviving auditorium seating)
1780:"Acoustic Treatment of the Royal Festival Hall".
1100:Illuminations over Festival Terrace, January 2010
708:, Purcell Room and The Hayward, built in 1967/8.
6011:
1201:"Resident Orchestras & Artists in Residence"
1806:
1757:. American Institute of Physics. Archived from
1365:"Now the South Bank's fit for a festival again"
385:and, across the river via the Jubilee Bridges,
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405:View to the south from Westminster Pier, 1958
321:are resident orchestras at Southbank Centre.
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3097:Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges
2511:Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges
984:, during reopening celebrations in June 2007
4733:
2030:"CD: Poulenc & Saint-Saëns organ works"
1177:Architecture in Detail: Royal Festival Hall
1136:Royal Festival Hall (bottom left) from the
1008:Royal Festival Hall terraces, February 2008
4726:
4712:
3035:
3021:
2174:
2160:
1433:
1231:"Festival Hall scene of grace and dignity"
542:of his first impressions of the building.
1469:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
848:Learn how and when to remove this message
6045:History of the London Borough of Lambeth
3295:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
859:
653:
544:
400:
396:
5900:Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits
1872:
1841:
1721:
1665:Concert Hall Acoustics: Art and Science
1521:"London's new concert hall takes shape"
1338:
1032:North-western facade at night with the
698:
6012:
4136:Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")
1935:
1464:
1362:
1317:from the original on 24 September 2015
1174:
1124:Inside the Concert Hall, November 2009
1052:North-western facade at dusk with the
923:
753:
491:The hall originally seated 2,901. The
16:Multi-purpose venue in London, England
4707:
3306:Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
3016:
2155:
1950:from the original on 17 February 2015
1917:from the original on 22 February 2024
1703:from the original on 11 December 2015
1571:
1569:
1533:from the original on 22 February 2024
1501:from the original on 11 November 2013
1446:from the original on 11 November 2013
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1395:
711:
409:The Festival Hall project was led by
307:Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment
4126:Monument to the Great Fire of London
3042:
2995:
1887:from the original on 12 January 2023
1854:from the original on 19 October 2015
1358:
1356:
1354:
1334:
1332:
786:adding citations to reliable sources
757:
736:response and its freedom from echo.
425:, along with the furniture designer
6080:World's fair architecture in London
4106:Crystal Palace transmitting station
2140:Palais des Festivals et des Congrès
2115:Palais des Festivals et des Congrès
1907:"Royal Festival Hall Refurbishment"
1873:Carolin, Peter (6 September 2022).
1748:
1726:. Claverton Energy Research Group.
1551:Cubitts 1810 – 1975, published 1975
1377:from the original on 2 October 2013
597:and the concert hall organs of the
13:
1990:
1730:from the original on 25 March 2014
1671:from the original on 20 March 2021
1611:. Southbank Centre. Archived from
1566:
1554:
1545:
1513:
1420:
1263:. Southbank Centre. Archived from
662:
324:The hall was built as part of the
14:
6091:
2048:
2010:from the original on 8 March 2007
1842:Service, Tom (15 February 2011).
1641:from the original on 7 April 2014
1609:"Pull Out All the Stops festival"
1589:from the original on 4 March 2016
1351:
1343:Music, Acoustics and Architecture
1329:
1310:Dictionary of Scottish Architects
1241:from the original on 26 June 2018
884:On the advice of acoustics firm,
277:, England. It is situated on the
35:The Royal Festival Hall from the
6075:Modernist architecture in London
5994:
5993:
5916:Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light
5869:Eurovision Song Contest Previews
2994:
2983:
2982:
2948:Grade I and II* listed buildings
2921:
2911:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2866:
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2706:
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2329:
2322:
2054:
1145:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1077:
1065:
1045:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
973:
957:
945:
762:
436:. The acoustical consultant was
340:, and managed together with the
29:
2032:. London Philharmonic Orchestra
2022:
1962:
1929:
1899:
1866:
1835:
1800:
1773:
1742:
1722:Andrews, Dave (25 March 2014).
1715:
1683:
1653:
1627:
1601:
1483:
1458:
1408:from the original on 6 May 2013
1396:Spens, Michael (13 June 2007).
1363:Bayley, Stephen (20 May 2007).
1179:. New York: Phaidon Press Ltd.
920:and produced by Andrew Hinton.
773:needs additional citations for
466:
6065:1951 establishments in England
6060:Music venues completed in 1951
5959:ESC 2020 – das deutsche Finale
5710:
1389:
1297:
1279:
1253:
1223:
1193:
1168:
574:, to the specification of the
566:was built during 1950–1954 by
440:, working with members of the
1:
3988:Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace
3721:BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir
1979:. Spring 2008. Archived from
513:Holland, Hannen & Cubitts
299:London Philharmonic Orchestra
246:Holland, Hannen & Cubitts
6055:Grade I listed concert halls
3317:Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
1844:"Simon Rattle: Baton charge"
1434:Goodfellow, Natasha (2008).
1161:
1088:during restoration, May 2007
620:
133:1948 (18 months to complete)
7:
5943:Het Grote Songfestivalfeest
5884:Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
3208:Brentford Community Stadium
3186:Odeon Luxe Leicester Square
2381:Florence Nightingale Museum
1635:"History of the renovation"
1582:. Harrison & Harrison.
1577:"Royal Festival Hall Organ"
687:engines, adapted to run on
10:
6096:
5831:OGAE Second Chance Contest
3746:St Margaret's, Westminster
3688:Victoria and Albert Museum
1261:"Southbank Centre History"
938:
5989:
5967:Eurovision: Come Together
5926:
5860:
5853:
5813:
5759:
5748:
5656:
5565:
5554:
5529:
5503:
5482:
5461:
5400:
5199:
5190:
4825:
4741:
4543:
4492:
4397:
4339:
4330:
4318:St Bartholomew's Hospital
4255:
4154:
4073:
4040:Citigroup Centre (London)
4000:
3960:
3927:
3918:
3844:
3791:
3784:
3706:
3648:National Portrait Gallery
3566:
3475:
3420:
3402:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
3337:
3283:
3274:Tottenham Hotspur Stadium
3194:
3166:
3155:
3062:
3051:
2978:
2935:
2662:
2634:
2539:
2501:
2338:
2320:
2189:
2183:London Borough of Lambeth
2136:
2123:
2111:
1691:"Rolls-Royce performance"
1667:. University of Salford.
879:Twentieth Century Society
742:Building Research Station
628:Building Research Station
442:Building Research Station
413:'s then chief architect,
291:London Borough of Lambeth
256:
251:
241:
230:
216:
211:
185:
175:
164:
153:
145:
137:
129:
90:
72:
62:
52:
47:
43:
28:
23:
4207:Liverpool Street station
4197:Fenchurch Street station
4187:Clapham Junction station
3906:Westfield Stratford City
3716:All Hallows-by-the-Tower
3643:National Maritime Museum
3181:Empire, Leicester Square
2654:Dulwich and West Norwood
2426:Sea Life London Aquarium
2095:51.5058361°N 0.1167889°W
2067:Southbank Centre website
1977:Entertainment Technology
1788:(3): 64. May–July 1964.
864:The Hall's southern side
557:
549:Royal Festival Hall and
205:Southbank Centre Limited
114:51.5058361°N 0.1167889°W
6025:Concert halls in London
5951:Der kleine Song Contest
5935:Die Grand Prix Hitliste
4790:Political controversies
4735:Eurovision Song Contest
4638:Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow
4268:Battersea Power Station
3751:St Martin-in-the-Fields
3543:Royal Courts of Justice
3407:Theatre Royal Haymarket
3300:The Championship Course
2777:Norbury railway station
2456:National Poetry Library
2356:Black Cultural Archives
2126:Eurovision Song Contest
1911:The Architects' Journal
1794:10.1049/piere.1964.0008
1755:Oral History Transcript
1465:Martin, Leslie (1983).
933:Harrison & Harrison
568:Harrison & Harrison
212:Design and construction
6030:Music venues in London
5821:Marcel Bezençon Awards
5413:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4618:Kensington High Street
4247:Victoria Coach Station
3731:Methodist Central Hall
3653:Natural History Museum
3387:Royal National Theatre
2476:Royal National Theatre
2100:51.5058361; -0.1167889
1875:"Diane Haigh obituary"
1815:(5 Pt. 1): 1025–1035.
1563:21 November 1950, p. 6
1495:From Here to Modernity
1040:upriver, November 2009
865:
669:water source heat pump
659:
554:
406:
348:(opened 1967) and the
334:Greater London Council
303:Philharmonia Orchestra
195:Greater London Council
119:51.5058361; -0.1167889
5844:You're a Vision Award
5776:Serbia and Montenegro
5490:Serbia and Montenegro
4212:London Bridge station
4182:Charing Cross station
4177:Cannon Street station
4060:St George Wharf Tower
4030:122 Leadenhall Street
3891:Petticoat Lane Market
3776:Westminster Cathedral
3726:Bevis Marks Synagogue
3658:Royal Academy of Arts
3610:Guildhall Art Gallery
3538:Palace of Westminster
3528:The National Archives
3498:City Hall (Southwark)
3240:(Queens Park Rangers)
2767:Loughborough Junction
2249:Loughborough Junction
1661:"Royal Festival Hall"
1491:"Royal Festival Hall"
1339:Beranek, Leo (1962).
1291:8 August 2014 at the
1175:McKean, John (2001).
1084:Rear facade from the
1058:Palace of Westminster
1038:Palace of Westminster
982:Golden Jubilee Bridge
886:Kirkegaard Associates
863:
797:"Royal Festival Hall"
657:
587:Organ Reform Movement
576:London County Council
548:
411:London County Council
404:
397:The original building
330:London County Council
258:southbankcentre.co.uk
190:London County Council
180:London County Council
5703:Israel Song Festival
4683:Tottenham Court Road
4202:King's Cross station
3973:Hampton Court Palace
3736:Regent's Park Mosque
2466:Queen Elizabeth Hall
2436:South London Theatre
2063:at Wikimedia Commons
1943:. Southbank Centre.
1637:. Southbank Centre.
1440:Homes & Antiques
1402:Studio International
1267:on 11 September 2016
782:improve this article
706:Queen Elizabeth Hall
699:The 1964 alterations
342:Queen Elizabeth Hall
130:Construction started
6040:Festival of Britain
6020:Royal Festival Hall
5721:The X Factor Israel
4688:Victoria Embankment
4510:Horse Guards Parade
4172:Blackfriars station
4086:ArcelorMittal Orbit
4025:20 Fenchurch Street
4015:One Churchill Place
3983:The Queen's Gallery
3801:Fortnum & Mason
3766:Southwark Cathedral
3761:St Paul's Cathedral
3623:Imperial War Museum
3586:Churchill War Rooms
3458:Royal Festival Hall
3397:Shakespeare's Globe
3276:(Tottenham Hotspur)
3270:(Charlton Athletic)
2727:Clapham High Street
2616:Streatham Vale Park
2606:Stockwell Skatepark
2591:Myatt's Fields Park
2471:Royal Festival Hall
2091: /
2061:Royal Festival Hall
1936:Kirkegaard, Larry.
1821:1970ASAJ...48.1025P
1696:Architects' Journal
1497:. Open University.
1235:Manchester Guardian
924:Organ refurbishment
874:Allies and Morrison
754:The 2007 renovation
747:Helmholtz resonator
693:Festival of Britain
649:Sir John Barbirolli
523:, conducted by Sir
326:Festival of Britain
267:Royal Festival Hall
110: /
63:Architectural style
48:General information
37:Victoria Embankment
24:Royal Festival Hall
5750:Krajowe Eliminacje
5537:Armenia–Azerbaijan
4668:Shaftesbury Avenue
4578:Charing Cross Road
4374:Kensington Gardens
4364:Hampton Court Park
4222:St Pancras station
4217:Paddington station
4101:Cleopatra's Needle
3928:Partly occupied by
3693:Wallace Collection
3503:City Hall (Newham)
3443:Hammersmith Apollo
3328:Twickenham Stadium
3204:(national stadium)
3147:Westminster Bridge
3092:Hammersmith Bridge
3082:Blackfriars Bridge
2666:riverboat stations
2621:Vauxhall City Farm
2531:Westminster Bridge
2488:White Bear Theatre
2406:O2 Brixton Academy
2401:Lower Marsh Market
1986:on 1 October 2015.
1809:J. Acoust. Soc. Am
1529:. 3 October 1949.
1398:"The Egg in a Box"
1211:on 24 October 2016
916:, was directed by
866:
712:Assisted resonance
685:Rolls-Royce Merlin
660:
555:
429:and his wife, the
407:
311:London Sinfonietta
293:. It is a Grade I
171:111 million (2007)
6007:
6006:
5985:
5984:
5838:Barbara Dex Award
5809:
5808:
5550:
5549:
4783:LGBT participants
4701:
4700:
4525:Piccadilly Circus
4520:Parliament Square
4488:
4487:
4475:Wandsworth Common
4326:
4325:
4308:Smithfield Market
4227:Stratford station
4010:One Canada Square
3996:
3995:
3952:St James's Palace
3947:Kensington Palace
3937:Buckingham Palace
3914:
3913:
3881:Leadenhall Market
3876:Kensington Arcade
3866:Burlington Arcade
3771:Westminster Abbey
3708:Places of worship
3663:Royal Observatory
3591:Courtauld Gallery
3483:10 Downing Street
3471:
3470:
3453:Royal Albert Hall
3392:Royal Opera House
3246:(West Ham United)
3112:Millennium Bridge
3010:
3009:
2551:Archbishop's Park
2150:
2149:
2137:Succeeded by
2059:Media related to
1829:10.1121/1.1912240
1751:"Dr. Leo Beranek"
1186:978-0-7148-4160-1
858:
857:
850:
832:
677:Hungerford Bridge
369:Hungerford Bridge
356:, in April 1998.
287:Hungerford Bridge
263:
262:
6087:
6035:Southbank Centre
5997:
5996:
5858:
5857:
5764:
5763:
5761:Szansa na Sukces
5753:
5752:
5715:
5714:
5563:
5562:
5197:
5196:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4598:Fenchurch Street
4535:Trafalgar Square
4515:Leicester Square
4480:Wimbledon Common
4435:Gunnersbury Park
4337:
4336:
4293:Lloyd's building
4242:London Cable Car
4237:Waterloo station
4232:Victoria station
4167:Heathrow Airport
3968:Banqueting House
3930:the royal family
3925:
3924:
3901:Westfield London
3846:Shopping centres
3789:
3788:
3741:St Clement Danes
3638:National Gallery
3633:Museum of London
3428:Alexandra Palace
3258:(Crystal Palace)
3232:Emirates Stadium
3164:
3163:
3127:Southwark Bridge
3077:Battersea Bridge
3060:
3059:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3013:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2954:The Lambeth Walk
2925:
2915:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2822:Streatham Common
2820:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2685:
2680:
2611:Streatham Common
2441:Southbank Centre
2386:Lambeth Archives
2333:
2326:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2112:Preceded by
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2058:
2042:
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2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1966:
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1959:
1957:
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1949:
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1933:
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1870:
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1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1487:
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1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1305:"Edwin Williams"
1301:
1295:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1207:. Archived from
1205:Southbank Centre
1197:
1191:
1190:
1172:
1149:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1081:
1069:
1049:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
977:
961:
949:
914:This Is Tomorrow
853:
846:
842:
839:
833:
831:
790:
766:
758:
733:seating capacity
681:centrifugal pump
607:Bridgewater Hall
457:Herbert Morrison
431:textile designer
354:Southbank Centre
271:Southbank Centre
160:2 million (1951)
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
33:
21:
20:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6070:1950s in London
6010:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5981:
5922:
5908:EurovisionAgain
5876:Songs of Europe
5849:
5805:
5739:North Macedonia
5712:Kdam Eurovision
5652:
5557:
5546:
5525:
5499:
5478:
5457:
5438:North Macedonia
5396:
5186:
4821:
4778:LGBT visibility
4737:
4732:
4702:
4697:
4658:Portobello Road
4539:
4497:
4484:
4440:Hampstead Heath
4393:
4389:St James's Park
4322:
4273:British Library
4263:Barbican Estate
4251:
4150:
4146:Wellington Arch
4131:Nelson's Column
4081:Albert Memorial
4069:
4035:Broadgate Tower
4020:8 Canada Square
3992:
3956:
3929:
3920:Royal buildings
3910:
3848:
3840:
3780:
3702:
3683:Tower of London
3628:Madame Tussauds
3571:
3562:
3493:Bank of England
3467:
3433:Brixton Academy
3416:
3352:Apollo Victoria
3333:
3286:
3279:
3262:Stamford Bridge
3252:(AFC Wimbledon)
3216:(Leyton Orient)
3202:Wembley Stadium
3195:Football stadia
3190:
3158:
3151:
3142:Waterloo Bridge
3137:Vauxhall Bridge
3122:Richmond Bridge
3054:
3047:
3041:
3011:
3006:
2974:
2931:
2872:Wandsworth Road
2665:
2664:Tube, rail, and
2658:
2630:
2571:Kennington Park
2566:Jubilee Gardens
2542:
2535:
2526:Waterloo Bridge
2521:Vauxhall Bridge
2497:
2451:Hayward Gallery
2334:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2185:
2180:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1836:
1805:
1801:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1761:on 9 March 2015
1749:Purcell, Jack.
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1688:
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1674:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1615:on 29 June 2013
1607:
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1302:
1298:
1293:Wayback Machine
1284:
1280:
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1199:
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1157:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1101:
1098:
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1086:Hayward Gallery
1082:
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994:
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663:Heating systems
623:
599:Fairfield Halls
578:'s consultant,
560:
533:Hallé Orchestra
525:Malcolm Sargent
521:Queen Elizabeth
469:
399:
350:Hayward Gallery
295:listed building
285:, not far from
242:Main contractor
231:Other designers
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165:Renovation cost
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5504:Debut attempts
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4593:Denmark Street
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4415:Clapham Common
4412:
4407:
4405:Battersea Park
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4359:Greenwich Park
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4288:Lambeth Palace
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3896:Royal Exchange
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3886:One New Change
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3856:Borough Market
3852:
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3816:Harvey Nichols
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3756:St Mary-le-Bow
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3668:Science Museum
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3102:Lambeth Bridge
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3087:Chelsea Bridge
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2832:Streatham Hill
2824:
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2804:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
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2714:
2704:
2702:Clapham Common
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2646:
2640:
2638:
2636:Constituencies
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2631:
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2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2586:Mostyn Gardens
2583:
2581:Max Roach Park
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Clapham Common
2558:
2556:Brockwell Park
2553:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Lambeth Bridge
2513:
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2408:
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2391:Lambeth Palace
2388:
2383:
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2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Brixton murals
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2353:
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2321:
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2284:Streatham Vale
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
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2256:
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2236:
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2214:Crystal Palace
2211:
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2156:
2148:
2147:
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2135:
2122:
2113:
2075:
2074:
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2050:
2049:External links
2047:
2044:
2043:
2021:
1989:
1961:
1928:
1898:
1865:
1834:
1799:
1772:
1741:
1714:
1699:. 3 May 2001.
1682:
1652:
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1600:
1565:
1553:
1544:
1512:
1482:
1476:978-0521231077
1475:
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1296:
1278:
1252:
1237:. 3 May 1951.
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1060:, October 2008
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980:Seen from the
979:
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968:, October 2010
964:Seen from the
963:
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856:
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770:
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719:, an American
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661:
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559:
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509:Clement Attlee
468:
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450:Gunnar Asplund
415:Robert Matthew
398:
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361:Nelson Mandela
261:
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249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
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221:Robert Matthew
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5975:Sveriges 12:a
5972:
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5956:
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5946:(2019, 2022–)
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5854:Special shows
5852:
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5516:Liechtenstein
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4793:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Sloane Street
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:Regent Street
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:Oxford Street
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Jermyn Street
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4530:Sloane Square
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Covent Garden
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:public spaces
4495:
4491:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Victoria Park
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4460:Osterley Park
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Finsbury Park
4428:
4426:
4425:Epping Forest
4423:
4421:
4420:College Green
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:Richmond Park
4382:
4380:
4379:Regent's Park
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Camden Market
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3698:Young V&A
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Scotland Yard
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Mansion House
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3463:Wembley Arena
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3287:sports venues
3282:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:Selhurst Park
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:Brisbane Road
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:Entertainment
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:Putney Bridge
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:London Bridge
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Albert Bridge
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:Buildings and
3050:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:Waterloo East
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:Lambeth North
2754:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:Clapham North
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2626:Vauxhall Park
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Larkhall Park
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:BFI Southbank
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Garden Museum
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Cinema Museum
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Upper Norwood
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:South Lambeth
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Knight's Hill
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2086:00°07′00.44″W
2083:51°30′21.01″N
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2031:
2025:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
983:
976:
971:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
942:
936:
934:
929:
921:
919:
915:
910:
906:
904:
899:
893:
889:
887:
882:
880:
875:
871:
862:
852:
849:
841:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
806:
802:
799: –
798:
794:
793:Find sources:
787:
783:
777:
776:
771:This section
769:
765:
760:
759:
751:
748:
743:
737:
734:
730:
729:reverberation
726:
725:concert halls
722:
718:
709:
707:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
658:Hall Interior
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
636:
632:
629:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
552:
547:
543:
541:
540:Bernard Levin
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
501:
499:
494:
489:
486:
481:
477:
473:
464:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Leslie Martin
416:
412:
403:
394:
392:
391:Charing Cross
388:
384:
381:stations are
380:
375:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
259:
255:
250:
247:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
225:Leslie Martin
222:
219:
215:
210:
206:
201:
196:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
105:00°07′00.44″W
102:51°30′21.01″N
95:
93:
89:
84:
80:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5973:
5965:
5957:
5949:
5941:
5933:
5914:
5906:
5898:
5890:
5882:
5874:
5867:
5814:Other awards
5757:
5746:
5719:
5708:
5701:
5179:
5152:
4756:2004–present
4603:Fleet Street
4558:Baker Street
4445:Holland Park
4410:Burgess Park
4162:City Airport
4096:The Cenotaph
3673:Tate Britain
3616:
3604:Golden Hinde
3603:
3595:
3558:Thames House
3553:SIS Building
3518:Horse Guards
3457:
3448:The O2 Arena
3132:Tower Bridge
3000:
2987:
2936:Other topics
2927:West Norwood
2596:Norwood Park
2483:Type Archive
2470:
2461:Purcell Room
2346:Ashby's Mill
2314:West Norwood
2309:West Dulwich
2224:Grange Mills
2209:Clapham Park
2124:
2076:
2070:
2034:. Retrieved
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
1992:
1981:the original
1976:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1880:The Guardian
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1848:The Guardian
1847:
1837:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1754:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1694:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1560:
1556:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1526:The Guardian
1524:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1466:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1439:
1410:. Retrieved
1401:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1370:The Observer
1368:
1342:
1319:. Retrieved
1308:
1299:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1204:
1195:
1176:
1170:
966:River Thames
930:
927:
913:
911:
907:
894:
890:
883:
867:
844:
835:
825:
818:
811:
804:
792:
780:Please help
775:verification
772:
738:
715:
702:
673:River Thames
666:
637:
633:
624:
615:
584:
580:Ralph Downes
561:
537:
529:Adrian Boult
506:
502:
493:cantilevered
490:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:Architecture
461:Labour Party
454:
438:Hope Bagenal
434:Lucienne Day
408:
377:The closest
376:
373:
358:
346:Purcell Room
338:Arts Council
323:
283:River Thames
266:
264:
217:Architect(s)
200:Arts Council
57:Concert hall
18:
5911:(2020–2021)
5840:(1997–2021)
5734:Netherlands
5382:Switzerland
5337:Netherlands
4815:Discography
4768:Host cities
4623:King's Road
4568:Bond Street
4563:Bishopsgate
4450:Kew Gardens
4341:Royal Parks
4283:Kew Gardens
4121:Marble Arch
4116:London Wall
4050:Heron Tower
4045:The Gherkin
4002:Skyscrapers
3861:Brent Cross
3849:and markets
3831:Peter Jones
3678:Tate Modern
3508:County Hall
3285:Other major
3250:Plough Lane
3238:Loftus Road
3210:(Brentford)
2601:Ruskin Park
2543:open spaces
2411:The Old Vic
2371:County Hall
2339:Attractions
2098: /
1707:10 December
1140:, July 2008
870:Diane Haigh
717:Leo Beranek
446:Alvar Aalto
365:Ian Walters
202:(1986–1988)
197:(1965–1986)
192:(1951–1965)
138:Inaugurated
117: /
92:Coordinates
6014:Categories
5801:Yugoslavia
5558:selections
5495:Yugoslavia
5462:Ineligible
5357:San Marino
5332:Montenegro
5317:Luxembourg
5227:Azerbaijan
4795:Presenters
4653:Piccadilly
4465:Trent Park
4354:Green Park
4349:Bushy Park
4298:London Zoo
4111:London Eye
4074:Structures
3978:Kew Palace
3961:Unoccupied
3836:Selfridges
3597:Cutty Sark
3533:Old Bailey
3476:Government
3412:Vaudeville
3268:The Valley
3228:(Millwall)
3055:structures
2965:Public art
2842:Tulse Hill
2747:Herne Hill
2737:Gipsy Hill
2431:South Bank
2396:London Eye
2289:Tulse Hill
2264:South Bank
2234:Kennington
2229:Herne Hill
2219:Gipsy Hill
1891:12 January
1561:The Times,
1154:Jeppe Hein
1138:London Eye
1054:London Eye
1034:London Eye
918:Paul Kelly
838:April 2019
808:newspapers
611:Manchester
605:, and the
564:pipe organ
562:The 7,866
551:Shot Tower
485:Derbyshire
423:Peter Moro
387:Embankment
279:South Bank
141:3 May 1951
5669:Australia
5530:Relations
5312:Lithuania
5217:Australia
5192:Countries
4773:Languages
4751:1956–2003
4693:Whitehall
4648:Park Lane
4608:Haymarket
4583:Cheapside
4369:Hyde Park
4303:Oxo Tower
4155:Transport
4055:The Shard
3821:Hatchards
3785:Retailing
3615:HMS
3573:galleries
3513:Guildhall
3382:Palladium
3362:Criterion
3324:(cricket)
3313:(cricket)
3264:(Chelsea)
3234:(Arsenal)
3046:landmarks
2812:Streatham
2802:Stockwell
2644:Streatham
2541:Parks and
2493:Young Vic
2421:Ovalhouse
2279:Streatham
2274:Stockwell
2191:Districts
2036:15 August
1537:15 August
1321:15 August
1162:Footnotes
721:acoustics
641:Classical
621:Acoustics
595:Blackburn
517:George VI
498:Robin Day
427:Robin Day
289:, in the
235:Robin Day
149:2005–2007
146:Renovated
67:Modernist
5999:Category
5927:National
5786:Slovakia
5628:Portugal
5556:National
5448:Slovakia
5418:Bulgaria
5401:Inactive
5367:Slovenia
5352:Portugal
4826:Contests
4633:The Mall
4588:Cornhill
4278:BT Tower
4065:Tower 42
3367:Dominion
3357:Coliseum
3339:Theatres
3322:The Oval
3302:(rowing)
3222:(Fulham)
3176:BFI IMAX
2989:Category
2907:Waterloo
2862:Vauxhall
2673:Brixton
2649:Vauxhall
2416:The Oval
2351:BFI IMAX
2304:Waterloo
2299:Vauxhall
2014:24 April
2005:Archived
1945:Archived
1921:4 August
1915:Archived
1913:. 2007.
1885:Archived
1852:Archived
1734:25 March
1728:Archived
1701:Archived
1669:Archived
1645:30 March
1639:Archived
1584:Archived
1531:Archived
1499:Archived
1444:Archived
1406:Archived
1375:Archived
1347:. Wiley.
1315:Archived
1289:Archived
1239:Archived
689:town gas
679:using a
647:period.
645:Romantic
591:Coventry
527:and Sir
383:Waterloo
315:Chineke!
5846:(2022–)
5743:Poland
5698:Israel
5689:Ireland
5684:Hungary
5674:Georgia
5664:Armenia
5648:Ukraine
5603:Ireland
5598:Iceland
5593:Georgia
5588:Finland
5583:Estonia
5578:Denmark
5573:Albania
5566:Current
5521:Tunisia
5511:Lebanon
5469:Belarus
5443:Romania
5433:Morocco
5423:Hungary
5408:Andorra
5387:Ukraine
5327:Moldova
5292:Ireland
5287:Iceland
5277:Germany
5272:Georgia
5262:Finland
5257:Estonia
5252:Denmark
5237:Croatia
5232:Belgium
5222:Austria
5212:Armenia
5207:Albania
4810:Winners
4763:History
4746:Entries
4553:Aldwych
4545:Streets
4494:Squares
4091:Big Ben
3826:Liberty
3811:Harrods
3806:Hamleys
3617:Belfast
3568:Museums
3377:Old Vic
3347:Adelphi
3330:(rugby)
3226:The Den
3168:Cinemas
3064:Bridges
3001:Commons
2970:Schools
2943:Council
2503:Bridges
2254:Norbury
2244:Lambeth
2204:Clapham
2199:Brixton
1954:30 July
1858:30 July
1817:Bibcode
1765:30 July
1675:30 July
1619:30 July
1593:30 July
1505:30 July
1450:30 July
1412:30 July
1381:30 July
1271:29 July
1215:29 July
939:Gallery
903:rigging
822:scholar
603:Croydon
281:of the
252:Website
86:England
73:Address
5978:(2020)
5970:(2020)
5962:(2020)
5954:(2020)
5938:(2006)
5919:(2020)
5903:(2015)
5895:(2005)
5887:(1993)
5879:(1981)
5781:Serbia
5771:Russia
5679:Greece
5657:Former
5643:Sweden
5633:Serbia
5623:Norway
5618:Latvia
5608:Israel
5483:Former
5474:Russia
5453:Turkey
5428:Monaco
5377:Sweden
5362:Serbia
5347:Poland
5342:Norway
5307:Latvia
5297:Israel
5282:Greece
5267:France
5242:Cyprus
5200:Active
4805:Voting
4678:Strand
3372:Lyceum
3311:Lord's
3159:venues
3044:London
2960:People
2144:Cannes
2129:Venue
2119:Cannes
1473:
1183:
824:
817:
810:
803:
795:
675:below
572:Durham
553:, 1959
319:Aurora
309:, the
305:, the
301:, the
275:London
176:Client
79:London
5791:Spain
5729:Malta
5694:Italy
5638:Spain
5613:Italy
5372:Spain
5322:Malta
5302:Italy
4800:Rules
4398:Other
4332:Parks
4256:Other
3793:Shops
3438:ExCeL
3421:Other
2008:(PDF)
2001:(PDF)
1984:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1941:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1245:1 May
829:JSTOR
815:books
558:Organ
186:Owner
5826:OGAE
5181:2025
5175:2024
5170:2023
5165:2022
5160:2021
5154:2020
5148:2019
5143:2018
5138:2017
5133:2016
5128:2015
5123:2014
5118:2013
5113:2012
5108:2011
5103:2010
5098:2009
5093:2008
5088:2007
5083:2006
5078:2005
5073:2004
5068:2003
5063:2002
5058:2001
5053:2000
5048:1999
5043:1998
5038:1997
5033:1996
5028:1995
5023:1994
5018:1993
5013:1992
5008:1991
5003:1990
4998:1989
4993:1988
4988:1987
4983:1986
4978:1985
4973:1984
4968:1983
4963:1982
4958:1981
4953:1980
4948:1979
4943:1978
4938:1977
4933:1976
4928:1975
4923:1974
4918:1973
4913:1972
4908:1971
4903:1970
4898:1969
4893:1968
4888:1967
4883:1966
4878:1965
4873:1964
4868:1963
4863:1962
4858:1961
4853:1960
4848:1959
4843:1958
4838:1957
4833:1956
2787:Oval
2690:tube
2687:rail
2259:Oval
2133:1960
2038:2017
2016:2007
1956:2013
1923:2014
1893:2023
1860:2013
1767:2013
1736:2014
1709:2015
1677:2013
1647:2014
1621:2013
1595:2013
1539:2017
1507:2013
1471:ISBN
1452:2013
1414:2013
1383:2013
1323:2017
1273:2013
1247:2018
1217:2013
1181:ISBN
1056:and
1036:and
801:news
593:and
519:and
459:, a
448:and
389:and
379:tube
363:(by
344:and
328:for
317:and
265:The
223:and
154:Cost
53:Type
5861:EBU
4496:and
3570:and
1825:doi
1790:doi
898:ISG
872:of
784:by
643:or
570:in
273:in
83:SE1
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2069:–
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1975:.
1909:.
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1850:.
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